Katalog jazykove kurzy v zahranici

Transkript

Jazykové kurzy
v zahraničí
Fhȍ^ȍ 8hde Fbp[Ŧ B_X[h[Y EbecekY
mmm.ijkZob_d[.Yp
EXiȍ^
Ijhȍdȍ
ĖleZ[c
Fheǘ lokôǅj ibkô[X IJK:OB?D;5
If[Y_Ǵbdǅ dWXǅZaW IJK:OB?D;
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
IjkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ W fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
KXojelǴdǅ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ, pZhWlejdǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, ZefhWlW
AWbakbWY[ Y[do feXojk, feijkf loĿ_pelǴdǅ
7kijhǴb_[ - ijkZ_kc, fhǴY[, Y[ijelǴdǅ
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__, FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i - WZkbji
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i - `kd_ehi
C_bd[h IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^, ;d]b_i^ ǽǻǻǻ
9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i, ;79 BWd]kW][ IYêebi
B7B ;d]bWdZ
;khef[Wd 9[djh[
;cXWiio 9;I
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l ?hiak, ;d]b_i^ _d :kXb_d
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i, 9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i
7jbWdj_Y BWd]kW][ =WbmWo, 9eha ;d]b_i^ 9ebb[][
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo dW CWbjƻ
;khef[Wd 9[djh[
=Wj[mWo IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^
DIJI ;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ ?dij_jkj[
?dij_jkj[ e\ ;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ IjkZ_[i
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk, FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWc Meha WdZ JhWl[b dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i, ;cXWiio 9;I
D[m P[WbWdZ BWd]kW][ 9[djh[i, 789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l KI7, FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco l KI7
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i
;cXWiio 9;I
;khef[Wd 9[djh[, B7B KI7
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l AWdWZƻ, FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco l AWdWZƻ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i, IjkZo ;d]b_i^ _d 9WdWZW
JWcmeeZ
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l @_êW\h_Yaƽ h[fkXb_Y[, B7B Iekj^ 7\h_YW
;khef[Wd 9[djh[
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l Dƻc[Yak, >eh_pedj[
=BI IfhWY^[dp[djhkc, :?: :[kjiY^ ?dij_jkj
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l HWaekiak, 7Yj_b_d]kW 7YWZ[co
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l[ ıfWdƻbiak W 7c[h_Y[
?> IfW_d
Fheo[Yje ;ifWŢeb, CWbWYW ?dij_jkje
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l[ <hWdY__, <hWdY[ BWd]k[
?> D_Y[, ;iYWfWZ[ 9Wdd[i
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l ?jǴb__
?> ?jWbo
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l Hkiak, B_Z[d ȏ :[dp
@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l 7i__ - @Wfediae, I_d]Wfkh, ǓǅdW
Ǽ
ǽ
Ǿ
ǿ
Ȁ
ȁ
Ȃ
ȃ
Ȅ
Ǽǻ
ǼǼ
Ǽǽ
ǼǾ
Ǽǿ
ǼȀ
Ǽȁ
ǼȂ
Ǽȃ
ǼȄ
ǽǻ
ǽǼ
ǽǽ
ǽǾ
ǽǿ
ǽȀ
ǽȁ
ǽȂ
ǽȃ
ǽȄ
Ǿǻ
ǾǼ
Ǿǽ
ǾǾ
Ǿǿ
ǾȀ
Ǿȁ
ǾȂ
Ǿȃ
ǾȄ
ǿǻ
ǿǼ
ǿǽ
ǿǾ
ǿǿ
ǿȀ
ǿȁ
ǿȂ
ǿȃ
B[][dZȍ0
D
J
M
U
S
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo fhe Zeifƻbƽ (=[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, <9;, 97;, 9F;, ?;BJI, JE;<B, ȍjZ.)
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo fhe `kd_eho ȍ cbȏZ[ô (@kd_eh 9ekhi[, Ikcc[h IYêeb)
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo fhe cȍdȍô[ho (8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii C_d_]hekf, Ed[ je ed[)
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[ (9;BJ7, :;BJ7, J;IEB)
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo fhe i[d_eho (I[d_eh 9ekhi[)
ĖleZ[c
LǴô[dǅ pǴ`[cY_,
fhǴlƻ i[ lǴc ZeijWb Ze hkaek dǴĶ aWjWbe] Ù@Wpoaelƽ akhpo l pW^hWd_ǘǅÈ, l[ aj[hƽc dWb[pd[j[ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak Ķaeb W akhpĘ.
PdWbeij Y_pǅY^ `WpoaĘ `[ l Zd[Ķdǅ ZeXƻ l[bc_ ZĘb[ô_jǴ, W fheje heǘdƻ lo`ǅôZǅ pW ijkZ_[c `WpoaĘ Ze pW^hWd_ǘǅ ijǴb[ lǅY[ pǴ`[cYĘ.
IjkZ_kc `WpoaĘ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ `[ d[èilƻZǘ[dƻ`Ķǅ c[jeZek, `Wa i[ hoY^b[ pZeaedWb_j l `WpoY[. 8ƻ^[c feXojk fepdǴj[ loXhWdek
p[c_, `[`ǅ eXolWj[b[, akbjkhk, fĿǅheZk _ ^_ijeh__. Ife`ǅj[ jWa fĿǅ`[cdƽ i kô_j[ǘdþc.
J[dje aWjWbe] `[ hepZƻb[d Ze Zlek ǘǴijǅ. Fhldǅ ǘǴij lǴi i[pdǴcǅ i[ ibkôXWc_, aj[hƽ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ W][djkhW IJK:OB?D; dWXǅpǅ.
:eplǅj[ i[, `Waƽ jofo akhpĘ Ķaebo dWXǅp[`ǅ. FĿ_Xbǅôǅc[ lǴc _ ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ W fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco, aj[hƽ pW`_ĶĨk`[c[ l[ loXhWdþY^ p[cǅY^. DW`Z[j[ pZ[ jWaƽ fhWaj_Yaƽ W kô_j[ǘdƽ _d\ehcWY[ e jof[Y^ kXojelǴdǅ, pZhWlejdǅc fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, ZefhWlƻ W jWaƽ
Zefehkǘ[dǅ `Wa fĿ_ pW`_ĶĨelǴdǅ ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ feijkfelWj. L[ Zhk^ƽ ǘǴij_ aWjWbe]k dW`Z[j[ dWXǅZak Ķaeb W akhpĘ
W][djkho IJK:OB?D;, aj[hǴ XobW f[ǘb_lƻ i[ijWl[dW dW pǴabWZƻ dWĶ_Y^ Zbekêb[jþY^ pakĶ[deijǅ W ĠifƻĶdƽ ifebkfhǴY[ i dWĶ_c_
fWhjd[hiaþc_ ĶaebWc_. ıaebo W akhpo l aWjWbe]k kl[Z[dƽ ìek khǘ[do d[`[d ijkZ[djĘc W ǘ[hijlþc WXiebl[djĘc, Wb[ lĶ[c, aZe
cW`ǅ pǴ`[c hepĶǅĿ_j i_ ilƽ lpZƻbǴdǅ W eXe^Wj_j i[ e d[pWfec[dkj[bdƽ pǴô_jao W pakĶ[deij_. Cǅije feXojk, Ķaebk, akhpo, Zƽbak ijkZ_W,
jof kXojelǴdǅ, lǅpW W ZWbĶǅ feôWZWlao Ŀ[Ķǅc[ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdƻ dW cǅhk Zb[ fĿǴdǅ W fejĿ[X aWôZƽê pǴ`[cY[.
LƻĿǅc[, ô[ fhe lǴi XkZ[ aWjWbe] fĿǅdeidþ, W ô[ l dƻc dW`Z[j[ _d\ehcWY[ fejĿ[Xdƽ a hepêZdkjǅ h[Wb_pelWj ijkZ_`dǅ feXoj l pW^hWd_ǘǅ, WĨ kô Y^Y[j[ ijkZelWj Wd]b_ǘj_dk, dƻcǘ_dk, ĶfWdƻbĶj_dk, \hWdYekpĶj_dk, _jWbĶj_dk, hkĶj_dk, `WfedĶj_dk Wd[Xe ǘǅdĶj_dk. Fhe
aedahƽjdƻ`Ķǅ _d\ehcWY[ dǴi aedjWajk`j[ W fĿ_`cƻj[ feplǴdǅ a _d\ehcWj_ldǅ iY^ĘpY[ l `[Zdƽ p dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅ l FhWp[, 8hdƻ, Fbpd_,
B_X[hY_ d[Xe EbecekY_. HǴZ_ lǴi kl_Zǅc[.
HepêZdkjǅ ijkZelWj l pW^hWd_ǘǅ `[ dW lǴi, co lǴc i h[Wb_pWYǅ jeêje hepêZdkjǅ hǴZ_ fecĘô[c[.
DW i[jaǴdǅ i lǴc_ i[ jƻĶǅ jþc W][djkho IJK:OB?D;.
Budoucí kariéra, lákavé dobrodružství
Fheǘ lokôǅj ibkô[X IJK:OB?D;5
:bekêb[jƽ pakĶ[deij_
7][djkhW pW^Ǵ`_bW ǘ_ddeij fheijĿ[Zd_Yjlǅc `[Zdeê p
cW`_j[bĘ `_ô l heY[ ǼȄȄȁ `Wae i[hl_idǅ eh]Wd_pWY[ fhe ǘ[iaƽ
W ibel[diaƽ ijkZ[djo l 7kijhǴb__. FeZ dǴpl[c IJK:OB?D;
fĘieXǅ W][djkhW l Ǔ[iaƽ h[fkXb_Y[ eZ heak ǼȄȄȄ W `_ô
`[Z[dǴYjþc hea[c fhe lǴi fĿ_fhWlk`[ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak
fhe]hWcĘ W ibkô[X l[ lǅY[ d[ô fWjdǴYj_ p[cǅY^ ilƻjW.
ı_heaȏ dȍXǅZaȍ fhe]hȍcĘ ȍ ibkô[X
Ifeb[ǘdeij IJK:OB?D; i. h. e. XobW pWbeô[dW `Wae W][djkhW
if[Y_Wb_pk`ǅYǅ i[ dW ijkZ_`dǅ feXojo l 7kijhǴb__ W Xƻ^[c ilƽ
[n_ij[dY[ lþhWpdƻ hepĶǅĿ_bW ilƽ ibkôXo, ej[lĿ[bW delƽ feXeǘao
W fĿ[ZijWl_bW Y[bek ĿWZk delþY^ fhe]hWcĘ. >bWldǅ aWdY[bǴĿ l
FhWp[, aj[hǴ `[ Y[djhǴbek ifeb[ǘdeij_, XobW l fhĘXƻ^k ǘ_ddeij_
hepĶǅĿ[dW e aWdY[bǴĿ[ l 8hdƻ, Fbpd_, B_X[hY_ W EbecekY_.
IJK:OB?D; pȍ`_ĶĨk`[0
■ @Wpoaelƽ akhpo l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
■ IjĿ[Zdǅ Ķaebo l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
■ Kd_l[hp_jo l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
■ 7k fW_h feXojo l KI7 W ;lhefƻ
■ FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
■ KXojelǴdǅ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ
■ B[j[dao
■ 9[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ
■ Ib[lelƽ aWhjo ?I?9, 7B?L; W ?J?9
■ LhǴY[dǅ ZWdǅ
EieXdǅ pakĶ[deij_
Lǅc[, ô[ hepêZdkjǅ loY[ijelWj pW ijkZ_[c Ze pW^hWd_ǘǅ d[dǅ
pheldW `[ZdeZkY^ƽ, p[`cƽdW loZǴlǴj[-b_ i[ Ze Y_p_do iWc_. :ǅao
eieXdǅc pakĶ[deij[c dWĶ_Y^ pWcƻijdWdYĘ i ZbekêZeXþc_
feXojo l pW^hWd_ǘǅ i[ ZeaǴô[c[ lôǅj Ze lWĶǅ i_jkWY[, fĿ[ZWj
lǴc dWĶ[ pakĶ[deij_ W Ye d[`lǅY[ _d\ehcWYǅ e ô_lejƻ, fhǴY_ W
Y[ijelǴdǅ l jƻY^je p[cǅY^ jWa, WXo fhe lǴi fĿǅ`[pZ W pWǘǴjao l
Y_pǅ p[c_ Xobo X[p ijh[ik W pXoj[ǘdþY^ ijWheijǅ.
EieXdǅ fĿǅijkf
L[b_Y[ ZeXĿ[ lǅc[, ô[ fĿ[ZijWlo W Yǅb[ `[Zdejb_lþY^ pǴ`[cYĘ
ìek eZb_Ķdƽ. Fheje i_ aWôZƽê pǴ`[cY[ d[`fhl[ fepehdƻ
loib[Y^d[c[ W dW pǴabWZƻ `[ê fĿ[ZijWl fWa _dZ_l_ZkǴbdƻ
fĿ_fhWlk`[c[ `[ê ijkZ_`dǅ feXoj dW cǅhk. AWôZƽck
pǴ`[cY_ lôZo lƻdk`[c[ jeb_a ǘWik, aeb_a fejĿ[Xk`[.
ǽ
Ib[lȍ Ǿ % fhe ijȏbƽ ab_[djo
ȍ ǻ ȍ lǅY[ pȏ`[cYĘ
Aecfb[jdǅ i[hl_i pZȍhcȍ
FĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c lǴc fecĘô[c[ i lþXƻh[c beaWb_jo, Ķaebo
W lêZdƽê akhpk, i h[p[hlWYǅ W loijWl[dǅc b[j[dao, loijWl[dǅc dƻaj[hƽ p[ ib[lelþY^ aWh[j, pW`_Ķjƻdǅc kXojelǴdǅ
l cǅijƻ feXojk, pW`_Ķjƻdǅc Y[ijeldǅê fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, i loĿ_pelǴdǅc ijkZ[djiaƽê d[Xe jkh_ij_Yaƽê lǅpW Ze p[cǅ, aZ[
`[ je fejĿ[XW W i cde^þc ZWbĶǅc. Fhe lĶ[Y^do pǴ`[cY[ `[
dǴĶ aecfb[jdǅ Wi_ij[dǘdǅ i[hl_i pZWhcW. FĿ_ Y[ijƻ Ze 7kijhǴb_[ eZ dǴi dWlǅY pZWhcW ZeijWd[j[ _d\ehcWǘdǅ cWdkǴb
i ĿWZek fhWaj_YaþY^ hWZ W _d\ehcWYǅ e jec, Ye lĶ[ i_ fĿ[Z
eZb[j[c loĿǅZ_j, Ye i_ lpǅj i i[Xek W Ye, `Wa W aZ[ pWĿǅZ_j
fe fĿǅb[jk.
Feijȍhȏc[ i[ e lȏi _ Xƻ^[c feXojk
l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ
DWĶ[ ibkôXo iWcepĿ[`cƻ d[aedǘǅ jǅc, ô[ lǴi loĶb[c[
pW ijkZ_[c Ze pW^hWd_ǘǅ. IdWôǅc[ i[ Ŀ[Ķ_j fĿǅfWZdƽ fheXbƽco _ Xƻ^[c feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ. L jƽje iekl_ibeij_
`[ l[b_Y[ ZĘb[ô_jƽ plǴô_j, Ze `Waƽ Z[ij_dWY[ i[ lofhWlǅj[. D[àecfb[ndƻ`Ķǅ ibkôXo ìc[ iYêfd_ lǴc pW`_ij_j l
IoZd[o W F[hj^k, fheijĿ[Zd_Yjlǅc dWĶ_Y^ fWhjd[hiaþY^
W][djkh. L eijWjdǅY^ Z[ij_dWYǅY^ i[ iWcepĿ[`cƻ idWôǅc[
Xþj lǴc dǴfeceYd_ Ye d[`lǅY[, WlĶWa lĶ[ Ŀ[Ķǅc[ p dWĶǅ
fhWôiaƽ aWdY[bǴĿ[.
L ǘ[c i[ b_Ķǅc[ eZ eijȍjdǅY^ ȍ][djkh5
■ Fhe dWĶ[ ab_[djo pW`_ĶĨk`[c[ aecfb[jdǅ Wi_ij[dǘdǅ i[hl_i
eZ 7 Ze P pZWhcW.
■ Fhelepk`[c[ if[Y_Wb_pelWdþ fehjǴb e ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅY^ feXoj[Y^ l 7kijhǴb__ mmm.WkijhWb_[-ijkZ_kc.Yp.
■ EieXdǅ fĿǅijkf W fhe\[i_edǴbdǅ `[ZdǴdǅ ìek ^bWldǅ pǴiWZo W][djkho IJK:OB?D;.
■ D[kijǴb[ i[ idWôǅc[ e palWb_jŦelǴdǅ W hepĶ_ĿelǴdǅ dWĶ_Y^
ibkô[X.
■ :eZhôk`[c[ eÔY_Ǵbdǅ Y[do Ķaeb, i cde^þc_ ĶaebWc_
cǴc[ ZeêZdkjƽ plþêZdƻdƽ Y[do W if[Y_Ǵbdǅ dWXǅZao.
Feiaojk`[c[ cdeôij[ldǅ ib[lo fhe ZlW W lǅY[ pǴ`[cYĘ.
■ IbkôXo dWĶǅ fWhjd[hiaƽ W][djkhol 7kijhǴb__ ìek fhe dWĶ[
ab_[djo pZWhcW.
■ L IoZd[o fhe lǴi cĘô[c[ pW`_ij_j kXojelǴdǅ l[ ijkZ[dj-
iaþY^ Zec[Y^ W Xoj[Y^, lbWijdƻdþY^ W fhelepelWdþY^
ifeb[ǘdeijǅ dWĶ[ê pǴijkfY[.
If[Y_ȏbdǅ dȍXǅZaȍ IJK:OB?D;
L[baȏ 8h_jȏd_[
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
C_bd[h
BedZþd
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i[ idǅZWdǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
Ǽȁ Ȅǻǻ / ǽȄ ȁǻǻ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb
9ebb[][i *
8ekhd[cekj^
LWYWj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i febef[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
ǼȂ Ǽǻǻ / Ǿǽ Ȁǻǻ
;79 BWd]kW][ IYêebi
>Wij_d]i
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i febef[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
ǼȂ b[j
ǼȂ ȂȀǻ / Ǿǽ Ȅǻǻ
9;I
Mehj^_d]
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i fbdek f[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
ǼȂ ǽǻǻ / ǾǼ ǿȀǻ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb9ebb[][i **
BedZþd
LWYWj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ
i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[ho, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽǽ b[j
Ǿǽ ȄȀǻ / ȁǻ Ǿǻǻ
* FbWjǅ c_ce i[pŘdk. I[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbWj[a `[ ȁǻǻ Aǘ / jþZ[d. ** @kd_ehiaƽ feXojo Xƻ^[c b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d.
?hiae
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
;d]b_i^ _d :kXb_d *
:kXb_d
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i febef[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȃ b[j
Ǽȃ ǽȀǻ / ǾǾ ȃǻǻ
9;I
:kXb_d
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
ǽǽ ȄȀǻ / ǿǽ ȃǻǻ
9;I **
:kXb_d
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, jhWdi\[ho, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽǿ b[j
ǾǾ ǻǻǻ / ȁǽ Ȁǻǻ
* FbWjǅ l i[pŘdƻ. ** @kd_ehiaƽ feXojo Xƻ^[c b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d.
Cȍbjȍ
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
=I; *
IWd =mWdd
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ d[Xe
êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ i febef[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
ǼȀ b[j
Ǽȁ Ȅǻǻ / ǾǼ ǿǻǻ
?;BI
Ib_[cW
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l 7bXehWZW IjkZ_ei,
Zle`bĘôaelþ feae` X[p `ǅZbW, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȃ b[j
ǼȄ ȀȀǻ / Ǿȃ Ǿǻǻ
DIJI
=p_hW
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
ǼȂ b[j
ǽǾ ǾȀǻ / ǿȀ ǾȀǻ
?;BI **
Ib_[cW
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ i fbdek f[dpǅ, Waj_l_jo, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[ho, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
ǼǾ b[j
ǽǿ ȃȀǻ / ǿȄ Ȃǻǻ
* 9[dW c_ce i[pŘdk. I[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbWj[a `[ ǼǻȂȀ Aǘ / jþZ[d. ** @kd_ehiaƽ feXojo Xƻ^[c b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d.
KI7
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
B7B KI7 *
<ehj BWkZ[hZWb[
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
ǽǼ Ȅǻǻ / ǿǻ ǾȀǻ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb
9ebb[][i *
C_Wc_
LWYWj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i febef[dpǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȁ b[j
ǽǼ ǿǻǻ / ǿǻ ȂȀǻ
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
=BI *
8[hbǅd
=[d[hWb =[hcWd (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ
heZ_dƻ, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i[ idǅZWdǅ, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽȃ b[j
ǼȄ Ǽǻǻ / Ǿȁ Ǿǻǻ
=BI **
IY^cŕam_jp
=[d[hWb =[hcWd (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[ho, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
Ǽǽ b[j
ǾǾ Ǿǻǻ / ȁȁ Ȁǻǻ
* FbWjǅ c_ce i[pŘdk.
Dƻc[Yae
* FbWjǅ c_ce i[pŘdk. ** @kd_ehiaƽ feXojo Xƻ^[c b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d.
ıfȍdƻbiae
ıaebȍ
Beaȍb_jȍ
:[jȍ_bo feXojk
:ƽbaȍ feXojk
l jþZd[Y^
C_d_cȏbdǅ
lƻa
9[dȍ l Aǘ
Fheo[Yje ;ifWŦeb
7b_YWdj[,
=hWdWZW
?dj[di_l[ IfWd_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l WfWhjcǴdk,
`[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` X[p `ǅZbW, lǘ. lĶ[Y^ fefbWjaĘ
ǽ/ǿ
ǼȂ b[j
Ǽǿ ǽȀǻ / ǽǿ ǿǻǻ
Fepdȏcao0
LþĶ[ kl[Z[dƽ aWbakbWY[ d[eXiW^k`ǅ dǴabWZo dW ZefhWlk, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[ho (feakZ d[ìek kl[Z[do), lǅpW (fekp[ k KI7), Y[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ W aWf[idƽ.
Kl[Z[dƽ Y[do ìek eh_[djWǘdǅ, feǘǅjWdƽ akhp[c Z_l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 p[ Zd[ ǿ.Ǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, W cƻdǅ i feôX[c akhpĘ Y_pǅY^ cƻd.
Ǿ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo
EX[Ydȏ ȍd]b_ǘj_dȍ (=[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^), dƻcǘ_dȍ, ĶfȍdƻbĶj_dȍ, \hȍdYekpĶj_dȍ, _jȍbĶj_dȍ ȍjZ. - akhpo ìek
lêZdƽ fhe pWǘǴj[ǘdǅao Wô feaheǘ_bƽ. @iek pWcƻĿ[do
fĿ[Z[lĶǅc dW aedl[hpWY_, feib[Y^, fiWdǅ, ]hWcWj_ak
W ibeldǅ pǴieXk. DW lƻjĶ_dƻ Ķaeb `[ ceôdþ dǴijkf a[ ijkZ_k aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ. CĘô[j[ i_ pleb_j _dj[dp_jk lþkao (eZ
ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d Wô fe Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d).
pZ[ klǴZǅc[ jĿ_ d[`hepĶǅĿ[dƻ`Ķǅ0
7aȍZ[c_Yaþ i[c[ijh / 7aȍZ[c_Yaþ hea Æ ZbekêZeXþ
`Wpoaelþ fhe]hWc l ZƽbY[ `[Zdeê i[c[ijhk d[Xe Ķaebdǅê heak (ǽǻ ǘ_ Ǿǽ jþZdĘ + fhǴpZd_do).
97; (9[hj_ÔYȍj[ _d 7ZlȍdY[Z ;d]b_i^) - ĠifƻĶdƽ ibeô[dǅ
jƽje paekĶao ZeaWpk`[ feaheǘ_bek Ġhel[Ŧ pdWbeij_ Wd]b_ǘj_do. PaekĶak kpdǴlǴ lƻjĶ_dW Xh_jiaþY^ kd_l[hp_j `Wae Zebeô[dǅ pfĘieX_beij_ ijkZelWj eXeho lokǘelWdƽ l Wd]b_ǘj_dƻ.
?dZ_l_Zkȏbdǅ lþkaȍ (Ed[ je ed[) Æ `Wpoaelƽ akhpo lêZdƽ p[`cƽdW fhe cWdWô[ho W jo, aj[Ŀǅ i[ Y^jƻ`ǅ pZeaedWb_j Ye d[`hoY^b[`_. Joje akhpo ìek lþXehdƽ l aecX_dWY_
i akhpo eX[Ydƽ Wd]b_ǘj_do, dƻc., ĶfW., \h., _j. WjZ. IWc_ i_
plebǅj[ _dj[dp_jk W jƽcW lþkao.
EXYêZdǅ ȍd]b_ǘj_dȍ (8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[i C_d_]hekf), dƻc., Ķf., \h., _j. ȍjZ. Æ akhpo ìek pWcƻĿ[dƽ
dW lþkak eXYêZdǅ j[hc_debe]_[, lþpakcdƽ fhe`[ajo,
fǅi[cdþ _ l[hXǴbdǅ fhe`[l. LþkaW lƻjĶ_dek fheXǅ^Ǵ `Wae
aecX_dWY[ Zefeb[ZdǅY^ b[aYǅ eX[Ydƽ lþkao W eZfeb[ZdǅY^ b[aYǅ eXYêZdǅ lþkao.
@ȍpoaelþ akhp i fhȍYeldǅ fhȍnǅ (Bȍd]kȍ][ + ?dj[hdi^_f
/ Meha ;nf[h_[dY[) Æ fhWYeldǅ fhWn[ l[ \_hcƻ l[ LǴc_
pleb[dƽc eXehk. @[ je aecX_dWY[ _dj[dp_ldǅê `Wpoaelƽê ijkZ_W W d[fbWY[dƽ eZXehdƽ ijǴô[. Fhe]hWco ìek
khǘ[do ijkZ[djĘc i feaheǘ_bek Ġheldǅ `WpoaW.
Akhpo fhe Zƻj_ ȍ cbȏZ[ô (@kd_eh 9ekhi[, Ikcc[h
IYêeb) Æ `Wpoaelƽ akhpo fhe Zƻj_ W cbǴZ[ô eZ ȃ Ze Ǽȃ
b[j. FeXoj pW^hdk`[ `Wpoaelþ akhp, kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe ĶaebdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ Waj_l_j.
Akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[ (9;BJ7, :;BJ7, J;IEB) Æ akhpo
fhe kǘ_j[b[ pWcƻĿ[dƽ dW c[jeZ_ak lþkao. @iek pWaedǘ[dƽ c[p_dǴheZdƻ kpdǴlWdþc_ paekĶaWc_.
Akhpo fhe i[d_eho (I[d_eh 9ekhi[) - `Wpoaelƽ akhpo fhe
Zeifƻbƽ ijWhĶǅ Ȁǻ b[j. FeXoj pW^hdk`[ `Wpoaelþ akhp, kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe ĶaebdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ Waj_l_j.
Akhpo pȍaedǘ[dƽ paekĶaek Æ ìek fĿǅfhWldƽ akhpo dW
ĠifƻĶdƽ ibeô[dǅ c[p_dǴheZdƻ kpdǴlWdþY^ paekĶ[a, ZƽbaW W j[hcǅdo dǴijkfk ìek _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ.
J[ijo ȍ paekĶao p ȍd]b_ǘj_do
PaekĶao 9ȍcXh_Z][ ;IEB - fWjĿǅ c[p_ ilƻjelƻ d[`kpdǴlWdƻ`Ķǅ alWb_ÔaWY[ fhe ijkZ[djo Wd]b_ǘj_do. PaekĶao pW^hdk`ǅ lĶ[Y^do `Wpoaelƽ Zel[Zdeij_ - feib[Y^,
cbkl[dǅ, ]hWcWj_ak, ǘj[dǅ W fiWdǅ. Feikpk`ǅ iYêfdeij
aWdZ_ZǴjĘ fekôǅlWj hĘpdƽ ]hWcWj_Yaƽ lWpXo W \kdaY[
l Wkj[dj_YaþY^ ô_lejdǅY^ i_jkWYǅY^. FĿǅfhWldþ akhp jhlǴ
Ǽǻ d[Xe Ǽǽ jþZdĘ. Hepb_Ķk`[c[ fƻj Ġheldǅ dǴheǘdeij_,
ǿ
<9; (<_hij 9[hj_ÔYȍj[ _d ;d]b_i^) Æ `[ d[`hepĶǅĿ[dƻ`Ķǅ p[
lĶ[Y^ paekĶ[a 9WcXh_Z][ ;IEB. PaekĶaW `[ dW Ġheld_
ijĿ[Zdƻ feaheǘ_bþY^ W loôWZk`[ pdWbeij_ lĶ[Y^ `WpoaelþY^
iYêfdeijǅ. JWje paekĶaW i[ eXloab[ feZijkfk`[ fe Ȁǻǻ
Wô ȁǻǻ êZ_dǴY^ lþkao.
9F; (9[hj_ÔYȍj[ e\ FheÔY_[dYo _d ;d]b_i^) - d[`Zƽb[
[n_ijk`ǅYǅ W d[`dǴheǘdƻ`Ķǅ `WpoaelǴ paekĶaW l jƽje ĿWZƻ.
PdWc[dǴ loieaek Ġhel[Ŧ pdWbeijǅ W kpdǴlW`ǅ `_ _dij_jkY[
loĶĶǅê lpZƻbǴlǴdǅ l cde^W p[cǅY^, lǘ[jdƻ jƽcƻĿ lĶ[Y^
kd_l[hp_j l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__.
FeZheXdƻ`Ķǅ _d\ehcWY[ dWb[pd[j[ dW m[XelþY^ ijhǴdaǴY^0
mmm.YWcXh_Z][[ieb.eh]
PaekĶao fhe kd_l[hp_jdǅ ijkZ_kc
JE;<B (J[ij e\ ;d]b_i^ ȍi ȍ <eh[_]d Bȍd]kȍ][) Æ jekje paekĶaek `[ feZcǅdƻd lijkf dW kd_l[hp_jo l AWdWZƻ
W KI7. ǓǴij paekĶao i[ WXieblk`[ dW feǘǅjWǘ_, fheje `[
jĿ[XW plbǴĶjdǅ fĿǅfhWlW.
?;BJI (?dj[hdȍj_edȍb ;d]b_i^ Bȍd]kȍ][ J[ij_d] Ioij[c)
Æ c[p_dǴheZdƻ kpdǴlWdǴ `WpoaelǴ paekĶaW, aj[hek kpdǴlǴ lƻjĶ_dW kd_l[hp_j l KA, ?hiak, 7kijhǴb__ W dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk. ?;BJI loêZdeYk`[ lWĶ[ iYêfdeij_ ijkZelWj ǘ_
`_dWa i[ lpZƻbǴlWj l Wd]b_ǘj_dƻ. AWdZ_ZǴj_ eXZhôǅ ijkfŦelƽ êZdeY[dǅ p aWôZƽê p[ ǘjoĿ ceZkbĘ ifebk i lþib[Zdþc êZdeY[dǅc. Lþib[Z[a i[ êZdejǅ l hepc[pǅ Ǽ Wô
Ȅ XeZĘ. FeZheXdƻ`Ķǅ _d\ehcWY[ dWb[pd[j[ dW m[XelþY^
ijhǴdaǴY^0 mmm._[bji.eh] W mmm.[ji.eh]/je[\b/.
JE;?9 (J[ij e\ ;d]b_i^ \eh ?dj[hdȍj_edȍb 9ecckd_Yȍj_ed)
- paekĶaW p eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do, êZdejǅ iYêfdeij aeckd_aWY[ l fheijĿ[Zǅ c[p_dǴheZdǅê eXYêZk.
IjkZ_`dƻ fhȍYeldǅ ȍ fhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ
IjkZ_`dƻ fhȍYeldǅ ȍ fhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco
IjkZ_kc `WpoaW l pW^hWd_ǘǅ `[ pW`_ijƽ d[èilƻZǘ[dƻ`Ķǅ
c[jeZek, aj[hǴ lǴc fecĘô[ d[`[d hoY^b[ i[ pZeaedWb_j
l ZWdƽc `WpoY[. IjkZ[dj_ lƻjĶ_dek klǅjW`ǅ ceôdeij b[]Ǵbdƻ i_ Xƻ^[c feXojk fĿ_loZƻbWj. DǴabWZo dW feXoj
i[ idǅôǅ, aecfb[jdƻ feaho`ǅ, fĿǅfWZdƻ _ kĶ[jĿǅj[ d[Xe i_
loZƻbǴj[ dW Y[ijelǴdǅ fe ZWdƽ p[c_. @Wae Xedki pǅiaǴj[
pW^hWd_ǘdǅ fhWYeldǅ pakĶ[deij, aj[hek feibƽp[ lob[fĶǅj[
ilĘ` ô_lejef_i. 7 `Waƽ ìek j[Zo ceôdeij_5
L[baȏ 8h_jȏd_[
IjkZo ȍdZ Meha KA
J[dje fhe]hWc `[ lêZdþ fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ
paecX_delWj ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do i fhWYǅ, `[ `_c eZ Ǽȃ
Ze Ǿǻ b[j W cW`ǅ ijĿ[Zdƻ feaheǘ_bek pdWbeij Wd]b_ǘj_do.
Fhe]hWc IjkZo WdZ Meha cǴ Zlƻ lWh_Wdjo. Fhldǅ lWh_Wdjek `[ ijkZ_kc l ZƽbY[ eZ ǽ Ze Ǽǽ jþZdĘ dǴib[ZelWdƽ
fbWY[dek fhǴYǅ dW Ǽǽ Wô Ȁǽ jþZdĘ. FhǴY[ `[ pW`_ĶjƻdǴ l
eXehk feêij_dijlǅ, ibkô[X W aWj[h_d]k l 8ekhd[cekj^,
En\ehZk W eaebǅ. :hkêk lWh_Wdjek `[ aecX_dWY[ ijkZ_W
e _dj[dp_jƻ Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d W iekǘWidƻ fhǴY[ l eXehk feêij_dijlǅ, ibkô[X W aWj[h_d]k dW Ǽǽ Wô Ȁǽ jþZdĘ l 8ekhd[cekj^ W eaebǅ.
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b BedZed
PǴ`[cY_ e fhǴY_ l BedZþdƻ ceêk lokôǅj fhe]hWc M7J
BedZed, k aj[hƽê `[ ĠǘWijdǅaĘc feiaojdkjǴ ȁ cƻiǅǘdǅ
feZfehW fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅ fhǴY[ W d[ec[p[dþ feǘ[j _dj[hl_[m.
fhWYelWj Ǿ Wô ǿ cƻiǅY[, W fejƽ Y[ijelWj fe ZeXk d[`Zƽb[
Ǿǻ ZdĘ. ĖǘWijdǅY_ fhe]hWck pǅiaW`ǅ @-Ǽ lǅpkc, dW `[êô
pǴabWZƻ ceêk l KI7 loaedǴlWj fhWaj_Yao `Waƽaeb_ pWcƻijdǴdǅ. LƻjĶ_dW dWXǅp[dþY^ pWcƻijdǴdǅ `[ l eXbWij_
ibkô[X (êj[bo, h[ijWkhWY[, eXYêZdǅ Zeco, aWdY[bǴĿiaƽ
fhǴY[, fhel_pdǅ fheZ[`, dǴheZdǅ W pǴXWldƽ fWhao, h[ah[Wǘdǅ eXbWij_ WjZ).
AȍdȍZȍ
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b 9ȍdȍZȍ
KceôŦk`[ ǘ[iaþc eXǘWdĘc l[ lƻak Ǽȃ Wô ǾȀ b[j l AWdWZƻ b[]Ǵbdƻ fhWYelWj fe ZeXk `[Zdeê heak. 8ƻ^[c
feXojk bp[ jWaƽ ijkZelWj W je d[`Zƽb[ ȁ cƻiǅYĘ. Fhe]hWc
cǴ Zlƻ lWh_Wdjo0 8Wi_Y I[hl_Y[ - Wi_ij[dY[ i ^b[ZǴdǅc
fhǴY[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk Ze AWdWZo, <kbb I[hl_Y[ - fhǴY_ cǴj[
pW`_Ķjƻdek fĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c.
Delþ PƽbȍdZ
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b D[m P[ȍbȍdZ
Fhe]hWc, aj[hþ kceôŦk`[ cbWZþc b_Z[c eZ Ǽȃ Ze Ǿǻ
b[j i ǘ[iaþc eXǘWdijlǅc fepdWj Delþ PƽbWdZ W pǴhel[Ŧ
jWc cWn_cǴbdƻ `[Z[d hea Y[ijelWj W fhWYelWj. 8ƻ^[c
feXojk cĘô[j[ Wô Ǽǽ jþZdĘ ijkZelWj.
Fhe Z[jW_bdǅ _d\ehcWY[ e lþĶ[ kl[Z[dþY^ fhe]hWc[Y^
dWlĶj_lj[ dǴĶ m[X mmm.ijkZb_d[.Yp d[Xe dǴi aedjWajk`j[, WXoYêc i lǴc_ fheZ_iakjelWb_ lWĶ[ fĿ[ZijWlo W
ceôdeij_ W ce^b_ lǴc Zefehkǘ_j d[`lêZdƻ`Ķǅ fhe]hWc.
EFKI Ikcc[h
Fhe]hWc EFKI Ikcc[h aecX_dk`[ ahǴjaeZeXƽ ijkZ_kc Xƻ^[c fhǴpZd_d dW Ǿ jþZdo, dǴib[ZelWdƽ fhWYǅ dW
b[j_Ķj_ =Wjm_Ya fe ZeXk ȃ jþZdĘ.
L[baȏ 8h_jȏd_[, ?hiae, Delþ PƽbȍdZ, AȍdȍZȍ
EFKI Æ ZbekêZeXƽ ijkZ_kc ȍd]b_ǘj_do i fhȍYǅ
IjkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWc EFKI pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i. Fhe]hWc `[ khǘ[d pǴ`[cYĘc, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ ZbekêZeXƻ ijkZelWj Wd]b_ǘj_dk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ, fĿ_ jec fhWYelWj dW ǘǴij[ǘdþ ĠlWp[a W jǅc i_
fĿ_loZƻbWj dW ô_lejdǅ dǴabWZo Xƻ^[c feXojk. Fhe]hWc
EFKI j[Zo dWXǅpǅ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do W ]WhWdjelWdƽ kcǅijƻdǅ
Ze pWcƻijdǴdǅ.
Cȍbjȍ
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b Cȍbjȍ
FhWYeldǅ fhe]hWc, aj[hþ fheXǅ^Ǵ l eXehk feêij_dijlǅ W
Y[ijeldǅê hkY^k Xƻ^[c b[jdǅ i[pŘdo dW CWbjƻ. :ƽbaW fhe]hWck `[ ȃ Wô Ǽǽ jþZdĘ W `[ khǘ[d ijkZ[djĘc l[ lƻak eZ
Ǽȃ Ze Ǿǻ b[j.
KI7
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b KI7
Fhe]hWc Meha WdZ JhWl[b KI7 `[ akbjkhdƻ lþcƻddþ fhe]hWc, aj[hþ kceôŦk`[ ijkZ[djĘc Lı W LEı fhWYelWj
W Y[ijelWj l KI7 Xƻ^[c `[`_Y^ b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d, j`. l
eXZeXǅ c[p_ Ǽ. ǘ[hld[c W ǼȀ. Ŀǅ`d[c. ĖǘWijdǅY_ ceêk
Ȁ
KXojelȏdǅ l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ, pZhȍlejdǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, Zefhȍlȍ
KXojelȏdǅ l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ
FeakZ d[cǴj[ l cǅijƻ ijkZ_W pdǴcƽ ǘ_ fĿǅXkpdƽ, Zefehkǘk`[c[ pW`_ij_j i_ kXojelǴdǅ dW fhldǅ ǽ Wô ǿ jþZdo d[Xe Zƽb[,
`[Ķjƻ fĿ[Z eZb[j[c. EXloab[ cǴj[ dW lþXƻh p dƻaeb_a lWh_Wdj kXojelǴdǅ, i `[`_Y^ô pW`_Ķjƻdǅc LǴc hǴZ_ fecĘô[c[.
DȍXǅpǅc[ lþXƻh p dȏib[Zk`ǅYǅY^ ceôdeijǅ0
■ >eij_j[biaƽ heZ_do Æ Zefehkǘk`[c[ ijkZ[djĘc lokôǅj
dW YYW fhldǅ cƻiǅY. HeZ_dW LǴc fecĘô[ i Wab_cWj_pWYǅ
l delƽc fheijĿ[Zǅ, i[pdǴcǅ LǴi i cƻij[c W pW`_ijǅ ijhWlk. LþêZek kXojelǴdǅ l heZ_dǴY^ `[ ceôdeij aeckd_aWY[ l Y_pǅc `WpoY[, ǘǅcô i[ ijkZ_kc p_dj[dp_ldǅ. CĘô[j[
pleb_j `[ZdebĘôaelƽ d[Xe Zle`bĘôaelƽ feae`[, i[ idǅZWdǅ, febef[dpǅ ǘ_ fbdek f[dpǅ.
■ ıaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY[ - lƻjĶ_dek i[ dWY^Ǵp[`ǅ fĿǅce l aecfb[nk
Ķaebo d[Xe l `[`ǅ Xbǅpaeij_. KĶ[jĿǅj[ jWa ǘWi _ f[dǅp[ pW ZefhWlk. J[dje Zhk^ kXojelǴdǅ `[ lêZdþ fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ
i[ ZecdǅlW`ǅ, ô[ Xo `[ kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ fĿǅb_Ķ
ec[pelWbe.
■ 7fȍhjcȏdo - jo ìek lƻjĶ_dek jleĿ[do p Ǽ Wô Ǿ bĘôaelþY^
feae`Ę i[ ifeb[ǘdek akYôŦaek W ieY_Ǵbdǅc pWĿǅp[dǅc.
■ FeZdȏ`[c (I^ȍh[ 7YYecceZȍj_ed) - pW`_ĶĨk`[c[ l
7kijhǴb__ l[ ifebkfhǴY_ i dWĶǅ fWhjd[hiaek W][djkhek. @[ZdǴ i[ e kXojelǴdǅ l[ ijkZ[djiaþY^ Zec[Y^
W Xoj[Y^. L IoZd[o dWXǅpǅc[ kXojelǴdǅ l[ lǅY[ d[ô
Ǽǻ Zec[Y^ W Xoj[Y^ i Y[baelek aWfWY_jek fĿ[i Ǽǻǻ
cǅij. LoXWl[dǅ XojĘ `[ ijWdZWhZdǅ, l[ lƻjĶ_dƻ ZecĘ
`[ jWaƽ feǘǅjWǘ i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j. IjkZ[dj_ ìek
kXojelǴd_ dW feae`ǅY^ fe Zlek. E aWôZek d[cel_jeij i[ ijWhǴ felƻĿ[dǴ eieXW, aj[hǴ Ze^bǅôǅ dW feĿǴZ[a W Ŀ[Ķǅ fĿǅfWZdƽ fheXbƽco. KXojelǴdǅ I^Wh[ 7YYecceZWj_ed lǴc cĘô[c[ pW`_ij_j l IoZd[o, F[hj^k
W C[bXekhd[.
■ CbȏZ[ôd_Yaƽ êij[bo Æ b[ldƽ kXojelǴdǅ fhe ijkZ[djo
W Y[ijelWj[b[ l[ Zle`bĘôaelþY^ Wô eic_bĘôaelþY^ feae`ǅY^.
■ >ej[bo Æ dWXǅp[`ǅ iekahecǅ W loĶĶǅ Ġhel[Ŧ aec\ehjk.
■ Lbȍijdǅ kXojelȏdǅ pW`_Ķjƻdƽ k pdǴcþY^ ǘ_ fĿǅXkpdþY^.
K ZbekêZeXþY^ feXojĘ Zefehkǘk`[c[ i_ pWh[p[hlelWj
kXojelǴdǅ fekp[ dW fhldǅ ǘjoĿ_ jþZdo. 8ƻ^[c jƽje ZeXo
i_ cĘô[j[ pW`_ij_j lbWijdǅ kXojelǴdǅ. :efehkǘk`[c[ fhedW`cekj i_ lbWijdǅ Xoj W iZǅb[j ê i dƻaeb_aW ZWbĶǅc_ ijk-
ȁ
Z[djo. FeakZ i_ XkZ[j[ fhedW`ǅcWj Xoj ǘ_ WfWhjcǴd, ckiǅj[ pWfbWj_j Ǽ cƻiǅǘdǅ dǴ`[c ZefĿ[Zk + Ǽ cƻiǅǘdǅ dǴ`[c
`Wae Z[fei_j. DWfĿ. l ?hiak `[ Y[dW pW Zlekfeaeèlþ Xoj
l Y[djhk cƻijW eZ YYW Ǽǽǻǻ,- / cƻiǅY. PW ij[`dek Y[dk
`[ ceôdƽ i_ fhedW`cekj ZĘc i[ jĿ[c_ Wô ǘjoĿc_ beôd_Y[c_
l eahWèlþY^ ǘǴij[Y^ :kXb_dk.
DWXǅZak kXojelǴdǅ cĘô[j[ dW`ǅj dW m[Xk0
■ L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[ - mmm.beej.Ye.ka
■ ?hiae - mmm.ZW\j._[
■ KI7 - mmm.WfWhjc[djmehbZ.Yec,
mmm.êij[bi.Yec, mmm.ifh_d]ijh[[j.Yec
PZhȍlejdǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ
FeakZ eZ`ǅôZǅj[ dW ahWjĶǅ ZeXk d[ô ȁ cƻiǅYĘ, ckiǅj[ i_ ^hWZ_j
fel_ddƽ pZhWlejdǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ l ǓH. EZ`ǅôZǅj[-b_ dW Z[bĶǅ ZeXk
d[ô ȁ cƻiǅYĘ, cĘô[j[ i_ l ǓH fe`_Ķjƻdǅ eZ^bǴi_j W pǴhel[Ŧ
i_ ckiǅj[ pWfbWj_j fe`_Ķjƻdǅ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ. Fe dǴlhWjk Ze ǓH i[
pdelk fĿ_^bǴiǅj[ W fheaǴô[j[, ô[ ìj[ cƻb_ pWfbWY[dƽ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ. D[pǴl_ib[ dW ZƽbY[ feXojk dWĶ_c ab_[djĘc
Zefehkǘk`[c[ kpWlĿǅj fĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c Ze pW^hWd_ǘǅ Y[ijeldǅ
fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, aj[hƽ cĘô[ pW^hdelWj _ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ ijehde fefbWjaĘ ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk, pWlWpWZ[b W eZfelƻZdeij_ pW ĶaeZk.
ĖifƻĶdƻ ifebkfhWYk`[c[ i c[p_dǴheZdƻ pdǴcek fe`_ĶĨeldek 7bb_Wdp, aj[hǴ feiaojk`[ heǘdǅ jWh_\o pW l[bc_ fĿ_`Wj[bdƽ
Y[do iekǘWidƻ i[ ialƻbþc_ feZcǅdaWc_. :[jW_bo fe`_Ķjƻdǅ
dW`Z[j[ dW mmm.ijkZob_d[.Yp. LǅY[ _d\ehcWYǅ e pZhWlejdǅc
fe`_Ķjƻdǅ l p[cǅY^ ;K dW`Z[j[ dW WZh[i[ mmm.Yck.Yp.
:efhȍlȍ
Fhe dWĶ[ ab_[djo pW`_ĶĨk`[c[ Y[delƻ lþêZdƽ b[j[dao. FĿ_
aekf_ b[j[dao `[ lêZdƽ fĿ_^bƽZdekj a ZƽbY[ feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ. :e p[cǅ ;K cĘô[j[ lokôǅj `[Zdeicƻhdƽ d[Xe pfǴj[ǘdǅ
b[j[dao. FĿ[Z Z[Ôd_j_ldǅ aekfǅ b[j[dao hWZǅc[ fhecoib[j i_
`[`ǅ jof. @[Zdeicƻhdek b[j[dak Zefehkǘk`[c[ feakZ lǅj[,
ô[ pfƻj Ze ǓH Xƻ^[c dǴib[Zk`ǅYǅê heak d[fe`[Z[j[. AZoô
lǅj[, ô[ i[ Xƻ^[c heak ZecĘ feZǅlǴj[, Y[delƻ lþêZdƻ`Ķǅ
lWh_Wdjek `[ pfǴj[ǘdǅ b[j[daW. L fĿǅfWZƻ aekfƻ eXekicƻhdƽ
b[j[dao W feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ Z[bĶǅc d[ô `[Z[d hea pfǴj[ǘdǅ
b[j fhefWZd[ X[p dǴ^hWZo.
AȍbakbȍY[ Y[do feXojk, feijkf loĿ_pelȏdǅ
AȍbakbȍY[ Y[do feXojk
L dWĶ[c aWjWbe]k klǴZǅc[ Y[do, aj[hƽ ìek jejeôdƽ
i Y[dWc_ dWĶ_Y^ fWhjd[hiaþY^ Ķaeb. L cde^W fĿǅfWZ[Y^
ìek dWĶ[ Y[do d_ôĶǅ lp^b[Z[c a[ if[Y_Ǵbdǅc dWXǅZaǴc
W ib[lǴc, aj[hƽ dǴc Ķaebo Zǅao ZbekêZeXƽ W ĠifƻĶdƽ
ifebkfhǴY_ feiaojk`ǅ. K aWôZƽ Ķaebo l aWjWbe]k `[ jWXkbaW Y[d l cƻdƻ ZWdƽ p[cƻ (feakZ d[dǅ kl[Z[de `_dWa),
aZ[ ìek kl[Z[dƽ fefbWjao pW Ķaebdƽ, kXojelǴdǅ W ZWbĶǅ
fefbWjao `Wae pǴf_idƽ, fefbWj[a pW kǘ[Xd_Y[, pW pW`_Ķjƻdǅ
kXojelǴdǅ, fĿǅfbWjao pW b[jdǅ i[pŘdk, lopl[Zdkjǅ dW b[j_Ķj_
WjZ. 9[baelek Y[dk feXojk pǅiaǴj[ `Wae iekǘ[j febeô[a
kl[Z[dþY^ l jWXkbY[ dǅô[.
Febeôao Y[do feXojk
Pȏf_idƽ
ıaebdƽ pȍ akhp
Kǘ[Xd_Y[ ȍ ijkZ_`dǅ
cȍj[h_ȏbo
@[ZdehǴpelþ fefbWj[a
9[dW pW jþZ[d n feǘ[j jþZdĘ
FeZb[ Ķaebo W akhpk (k dƻaj[hþY^
Ķaeb i[ ^hWZǅ Wô l[ Ķaeb[)
FeZb[ jofk paekĶao (fekp[ feFefbȍj[a pȍ paekĶak akZ i[ fĿ_^bǴiǅj[ dW akhp pWaedǘ[dþ paekĶaek)
Fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ FeZb[ Ķaebo ( `[ZdehǴpelþ fefbWkXojelȏdǅ
j[a)
9[dW pW jþZ[d (Zb[ jofk kXojeKXojelȏdǅ
lǴdǅ) n feǘ[j jþZdĘ
Fefbȍj[a pȍ lopl[Zdk- FeakZ i_ jkje ibkôXk eX`[ZdǴj[
jǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_
( `[ZdehǴpelþ fefbWj[a)
:ȍbĶǅ fefbȍjao (dȍfĿ.
FeZb[ Ķaebo
i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍj[a)
9[baelȏ Y[dȍ pȍ
Kl[Z[dǴ l Y_pǅ cƻdƻ
feXoj
icbeklo pǴhel[Ŧ ab_[dj eXZhôǅ lĶ[Y^do fejĿ[Xdƽ \ehckbǴĿ[ W lpehelƽ cWj[h_Ǵbo fhe feZǴdǅ lǅpelƽ ôǴZeij_
ifebk i Z[jW_bdǅc loilƻjb[dǅc Y[bƽ lǅpelƽ fheXb[cWj_ao
(fbWjǅ fekp[ k p[cǅ i lǅpelek fel_ddeijǅ).
■ Ė^hWZW pǴbeô dW feXoj d[Xe Y[bƽê feXojk ab_[dj[c.
■ H[]_ijhWY[ a[ ijkZ_k dW lǴc_ loXhWdƽ Ķaeb[. PǴhel[Ŧ dW
pǴabWZƻ lWĶ_Y^ feôWZWlaĘ fhel[Z[c[ h[p[hlWY_ b[j[dao,
kXojelǴdǅ W ZWbĶǅY^ eX`[ZdWdþY^ ibkô[X.
■ :efbWj[a Y[do feXojk W eX`[ZdWdþY^ ibkô[X (b[j[daW,
Y[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ WjZ.).
■ Fe loĿǅp[dǅ feXojk dǴib[Zk`[ _d\ehcWj_ldǅ iY^ĘpaW fĿ[Z
eZb[j[c, dW aj[hƽ lǴc fĿ[ZǴc[ fejlhp[dǅ Ķaebo e fĿ_`[jǅ a[ ijkZ_k W pW`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelǴdǅ, fWi i lǅp[c, b[j[dak
W _d\ehcWǘdǅ cWdkǴb fĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c.
■ 7 fWa kô lp^Ęhk pW ZeXheZhkôijlǅc 0-).
Eijȍjdǅ dȏabȍZo dȍ feXoj
Lǅpelþ fefbȍj[a
B[j[daȍ, `ǅpZ[daȍ
9[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ
Aȍf[idƽ
Fekp[ k p[cǅ i lǅpelþc ijoa[c
9[dW Zb[ beaWb_jo W i[pŘdo
9[dW Zb[ jWh_\k
FeZb[ p[cƻ W eX`[ZdWdþY^
ibkô[X
Feijkf loĿ_pelȏdǅ ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk
l pȍ^hȍd_ǘǅ
■ 9[bþ feijkf loĿ_pelǴdǅ ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ pWǘǅdǴ l _Z[Ǵbdǅc fĿǅfWZƻ iY^Ępaek, dW aj[hƽ lǴc fehWZǅc[ i lþXƻh[c beaWb_jo, Ķaebo, lêZdƽê akhpk, kXojelǴdǅ W ZWbĶǅY^ ibkô[X, i[ijWlǅc[ lǴc aecfb[jdǅ aWbakbWY_
dǴabWZĘ. 9[bƽ loĿ_pelǴdǅ feXojk l pW^hWd_ǘǅ jhlǴ ǽ Æ ǿ
jþZdo (k p[cǅ i lǅpelek fel_ddeijǅ Zƽb[).
■ :hk^þc ahea[c `[ lofbdƻdǅ fĿ_^bǴĶao a[ ijkZ_k, feZf_i icbeklo ife`[dþ i loijWl[dǅc \Wajkho. FĿ_ feZf_ik
Ȃ
7kijhȏb_[ - ijkZ_kc, fhȏY[, Y[ijelȏdǅ
If[Y_ȍb_pelȍdþ aȍjȍbe]
lȏc hȏZ_ pZȍhcȍ pȍĶb[c[
IjkZ_kc ȍ fhȏY[ l 7kijhȏb__
DȍĶ[ ibkôXo l 7kijhȏb__
AWôZþ hea loZǴlǴc[ if[Y_Wb_pelWdþ aWjWbe] Ù7kijhǴb_[ - ijkZ_kc, fhǴY[, Y[ijelǴdǅÈ. DW eh]Wd_pelǴdǅ ijkZ_`dƻ
fhWYeldǅY^ feXojĘ l 7kijhǴb__ i[ if[Y_Wb_pk`[c[ eZ heak
ǼȄȄȁ. 7kijhǴb_[ `[ _Z[Ǵbdǅ p[cǅ, l[ aj[hƽ cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj W
pǴhel[Ŧ fhWYelWj, Y[ijelWj W fheôǅj ifekijk ZeXheZhkôijlǅ.
IjkZ_kc W fhǴY[ l 7kijhǴb__ fWjĿǅ c[p_ ǘ[iaþc_ W ibel[diaþc_ ijkZ[djo c[p_ ijǴb[ fefkbǴhdƻ`Ķǅ. IjkZ[djo bǴaǴ `[ZdWa
[nej_aW, ab_cW W fbǴô[, ZǴb[ fWa fĿǅpd_lǴ Y[dW ijkZ_W, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW Ķaeb W akhpĘ W alWb_jW WkijhWbiaƽê lpZƻbǴlǴdǅ.
:WbĶǅ lþêZo 7kijhǴb_[ ìek dǅpaƽ ô_lejdǅ dǴabWZo, fĿǅpd_lþ
akhp WkijhWbiaƽê ZebWhk, p`[ZdeZkĶ[dƽ loĿ_pelǴdǅ lǅp W
fhWYeldǅ feleb[dǅ.
■ Lopl[Zdkjǅ dW b[j_Ķj_ W eZlep Ze kXojelǴdǅ
AWjWbe] `[ hepZƻb[d Ze Zlek ǘǴijǅ. Fhldǅ ǘǴij lǴc feiaojd[
kô_j[ǘdƽ W fhWaj_Yaƽ _d\ehcWY[ e 7kijhǴb__, cƻij[Y^, ô_lejƻ l 7kijhǴb__, lǅp[Y^, ijkZ_k W fhǴY_ l 7kijhǴb__ W jWaƽ Zefehkǘ[dǅ, `Wa fĿ_ pW`_ĶĨelǴdǅ ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk l 7kijhǴb__
feijkfelWj. L[ Zhk^ƽ ǘǴij_ aWjWbe]k dW`Z[j[ dWXǅZak Ķaeb
W akhpĘ W][djkho IJK:OB?D;, aj[hǴ XobW f[ǘb_lƻ i[ijWl[dW dW pǴabWZƻ dWĶ_Y^ Zbekêb[jþY^ pakĶ[deijǅ W ĠifƻĶdƽ
ifebkfhǴY[ i dWĶ_c_ fWhjd[hiaþc_ ĶaebWc_. ıaebo W akhpo
l aWjWbe]k kl[Z[dƽ ìek khǘ[do d[`[d ijkZ[djĘc W ǘ[hijlþc WXiebl[djĘc, Wb[ lĶ[c, aZe cW`ǅ pǴ`[c hepĶǅĿ_j i_ ilƽ
lpZƻbǴdǅ W eXe^Wj_j i[ e d[pWfec[dkj[bdƽ pǴô_jao W pakĶ[deij_. Cǅije feXojk, Ķaebk, akhpo, Zƽbak ijkZ_W, jof kXojelǴdǅ, lǅpW W ZWbĶǅ feôWZWlao Ŀ[Ķǅc[ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdƻ dW cǅhk
Zb[ fĿǴdǅ W fejĿ[X aWôZƽê pǴ`[cY[. 8kZ[j[-b_ cǅj pǴ`[c e
j[dje aWjWbe] pWcƻĿ[dþ dW ijkZ_kc W fhǴY_ l 7kijhǴb__, fheiǅc aedjWajk`j[ dǴi, hǴZ_ lǴc ê pZWhcW pWĶb[c[.
■ 7i_ij[dY[ i[ pWbeô[dǅc J<D W XWdaeldǅê Ġǘjk
■ PW`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelǴdǅ I^Wh[ 7YYecceZWj_ed d[Xe >ec[ijWo
■ FefĿǅb[jelƽ Ķaeb[dǅ (pWbeô[dǅ Ġǘjk, loĿǅp[dǅ J<D, ^b[ZǴdǅ
fhǴY[ W kXojelǴdǅ, Y[ijelǴdǅ, j[b[\edelǴdǅ, dWakfelǴdǅ
WjZ.)
■ ?d\ehcWY[ e ef[hǴjeh[Y^ ceX_bdǅY^ iǅjǅ, feceY i lþXƻh[c lêZdƽê jWh_\k, fheZ[` dƻaj[hþY^ I?C aWh[j
■ ?d\ehcWY[ e b[ldƽc j[b[\edelǴdǅ Ze pW^hWd_ǘǅ W fheZ[`
fĿ[ZfbWY[dþY^ c[p_dǴheZdǅY^ j[b[\eddǅY^ aWh[j
■ FehWZ[dijlǅ W Wi_ij[dY[ fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅ fhǴY[, _d\ehcWY[ e
fhWYeldǅY^ W][djkhǴY^, cǅijdǅY^ ploYǅY^ fĿ_ WXieblelǴdǅ feêlehĘ d[Xe e feôWZWlYǅY^ dW `[Zdejb_lƽ fep_Y[,
dWXǅZaW fhWYeldǅY^ cǅij
■ ļ[Ķ[dǅ ceôdþY^ fheXbƽcĘ l[ Ķaeb[
■ FĿǅijkf dW _dj[hd[j W beaǴbdǅ j[b[\edelǴdǅ pZWhcW
■ FeiǅbǴdǅ W fĿǅ`[c \WnĘ, j_ia, aefǅhelǴdǅ
■ FehWZ[dijlǅ W aedpkbjWY[ fĿ_ fheZbkôelǴdǅ ijkZ_W W
lþXƻhk Ķaebo
■ 7i_ij[dY[ fĿ_ fheZbkôelǴdǅ ǘ_ pcƻdƻ lǅp
DȍĶ[ ibkôXo fĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c
■ FeceY fĿ_ lþXƻhk beaWb_jo feXojk l 7kijhǴb__
■ FeceY fĿ_ lþXƻhk Ķaebo W akhpk l 7kijhǴb__
■ AWbakbWY[ dǴabWZĘ dW feXoj l 7kijhǴb__
■ PǴf_i dW Ķaebk l 7kijhǴb__
■ PW`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelǴdǅ l 7kijhǴb__
■ PWĿǅp[dǅ fejlhp[dǅ e Ġ^hWZƻ akhpk [9E; (;b[Yjhed_Y
9edÔhcWj_ed e\ ;dhebc[dj)
■ FĿǅfhWlW W feZǴdǅ ôǴZeij_ e ijkZ[djiaƽ d[Xe jkh_ij_Yaƽ
lǅpkc Ze 7kijhǴb_[
■ H[p[hlWY_ W loijWl[dǅ b[j[dao Ze 7kijhǴb_[
■ LoijWl[dǅ ib[lelþY^ aWh[j ?I?9, ?OJ9 d[Xe ?J?9
■ PW`_Ķjƻdǅ Y[ijeldǅê fe`_Ķjƻdǅ Ze 7kijhǴb_[
■ FeceY fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅ fhǴY[ l 7kijhǴb__
■ PW`_Ķjƻdǅ lhǴY[dǅ ZWdǅ W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ ibkô[X
ȃ
■ FehWZ[dijlǅ _c_]hWǘdǅê W][djW W fhǴldǅaW
■ Ėǘ[jdǅ W ZWŦelƽ fehWZ[dijlǅ, lhǴY[dǅ ZWdǅ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l[ L[baƽ 8h_jȏd__
L[baȏ 8h_jȏd_[
■ AZ[ `_dZ[ Xoij[ i[ Y^jƻb_ d[`bƽf[ dWkǘ_j Wd]b_Yao d[ô l
aebƽXY[ Wd]b_ǘj_do, l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__5!
■ FĿ_ Y[ijƻ Ze 7d]b_[ ckiǅj[ feǘǅjWj i fhecƻdb_lþc feǘWiǅc W hepêZdƻ i_ d[pWfec[dekj Z[Ķjdǅa! 0-)
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ BedZþd.
■ ñ_lejdǅ dǴabWZo pW kXojelǴdǅ, ijhWlelǴdǅ W ZefhWlk i[
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c =8F ǽǻǻ / jþZ[d.
BedZþd
;d[h]_Yaƽ cƻije, l[ aj[hƽc i[ cǅiǅ Zƻ`_do W jhWZ_Y[ i[ lĶǅc
Ye `[ delƽ W lphkĶk`ǅYǅ.
9ȍcXh_Z][
Kd_l[hp_jdǅ cƻije i d[efWaelWj[bdek Wjcei\ƽhek b[ôǅYǅ dW
Ŀ[Y[ 9Wc i[l[hdƻ eZ BedZþdW.
En\ehZ
Kd_l[hp_jdǅ cƻije dW pǴfWZ eZ BedZþdW i Wh[Ǵb[c d[ìjWhĶǅ
Wd]b_Yaƽ kd_l[hp_jo.
8h_]^jed
■ Cƻdek `[ Xh_jiaǴ b_XhW. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a
ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob Ǿǻ,ǽǽ Aǘ / Ǽ =8F.
Fhldǅ Wd]b_Yaƽ fĿǅceĿiaƽ b[jel_iae, eXbǅX[dƽ d[`[d Zǅao
jeck, ô[ `[ p[ lĶ[Y^ b[jel_i[a d[`Xbǅô[ BedZþdk.
■ Fhe eXǘWdo ;K d[dǅ fĿ_ lijkfk Ze p[cƻ lǅpelǴ fel_ddeij. FeakZ Y^Y[j[ l 7d]b__ fhWYelWj, fWa `[ jĿ[XW pWh[]_ijhelWj i[ dW >ec[ EuY[ W lofbd_j \ehckbǴĿ Meha[hi
H[]_ijhWj_ed IY^[c[ (MHI).
Cƻije ô_`ǅYǅ \ejXWb[c, Wb[ jWaƽ Y[djhkc kcƻdǅ, c[Z_Ǵbdǅê
fhĘcoibk, loieaeĶaebiaƽê lpZƻbǴdǅ W eXYêZk.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao l 7d]b__0 Ǽ. Ǽ., Ǽǻ. ǿ., ǼǾ. ǿ., ǿ. Ȁ., ǽȀ. Ȁ.,
ǾǼ. ȃ., ǽȀ. W ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao l[ Iaejiak0 Ǽ. W ǽ. Ǽ.,
Ǽǻ. ǿ., ǼǾ. ǿ., ǿ. Ȁ., ǽȀ. W ǽȃ. Ǽǽ.
DǴp[l eXbWij_ ife`k`ǅYǅ jĿ_ cƻijW - JehgkWo, FW_]djed
W 8h_n^Wc. DWY^Ǵpǅ i[ l `_êpǴfWZdǅ ǘǴij_ 7d]b_[, eXbWij_
dWpþlWdƽ Wd]b_YaǴ h_l_ƽhW.
CȍdY^ȍij[h
JehXȍo
FhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco l[ L[baƽ 8h_jȏd__
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b BedZed
PǴ`[cY_ e fhǴY_ l BedZþdƻ ceêk lokôǅj fhe]hWc
M7J BedZed, k aj[hƽê `[ ĠǘWijdǅaĘc feiaojdkjǴ ȁ
cƻiǅǘdǅ feZfehW fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅ fhǴY[ W d[ec[p[dþ feǘ[j _dj[hl_[m.
IjkZo ȍdZ Meha KA
EFKI Ikcc[h
AhWjĶǅ lWh_Wdjek fhe]hWck EFKI `[ EFKI Ikcc[h,
Yeô `[ ahǴjaeZeXƽ ijkZ_kc Xƻ^[c fhǴpZd_d dW Ǿ
jþZdo, dǴib[ZelWdƽ fhWYǅ dW b[j_Ķj_ =Wjm_Ya fe ZeXk
ȃ jþZdĘ. Kcǅijƻdǅ Ze fhǴY[ `[ ij[`dƻ `Wae e fhe]hWck
EFKI ]WhWdjelWdƽ.
Fhe]hWc IjkZo WdZ Meha KA `[ ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ
fhe]hWc. ıaebW lǴc pW`_ijǅ fbWY[dek fhǴY_ Zb[ Ġheldƻ lWĶǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do. IjkZ[dj_ eXloab[ fhWYk`ǅ `Wae feceYdǴ iǅbW l akYôd_, feaeìaƽ, ǘǅĶdǅY_, h[Y[fǘdǅ,
XWhcWd_.
EFKI
IjkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWc EFKI l ieXƻ pW^hdk`[
ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do W fhǴY_. @[ pW`_ĶĨelǴd Ķaebek AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i. Fhe]hWc `[ khǘ[d pǴ`[cYĘc, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ ZbekêZeXƻ ijkZelWj Wd]b_ǘj_dk
l pW^hWd_ǘǅ, fĿ_ jec fhWYelWj W jǅc i_ fĿ_loZƻbWj dW
ô_lejdǅ dǴabWZo Xƻ^[c feXojk, Y[ijelǴdǅ WjZ. :ƽbaW
fhe]hWck `[ Ȁ, ȁ d[Xe Ȅ cƻiǅYĘ. 8ƻ^[c jƽje ZeXo
ijkZk`[j[ lǴc_ pleb[dþ akhp W iekǘWidƻ cǴj[ eZ
Ķaebo pW`_Ķjƻdek fhǴY_ dW febel_ǘdǅ ĠlWp[a. Kcǅijƻdǅ Ze fhǴY[ `[ ]WhWdjelWdƽ. LƻjĶ_dek `Z[ e fhǴY_ l
eXehk feêij_dijlǅ. LǅY[ _d\ehcWYǅ e jecje fhe]hWck dW`Z[j[ k Ķaebo AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dW
ijhWdƻ Ǽǻ.
Ȅ
Aȍfbȍd ?dj[hdȍj_edȍb 9ebb[][i - ȍZkbji
BedZþd, 9ȍcXh_Z][, En\ehZ, 8ekhd[cekj^, Jehgkȍo, ;Z_dXkh]^, CȍdY^[ij[h
DȏĶ j_f!
D M
Cȍn./fhĘc. feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ Ķaeb[0
BedZþd 9el[dj =WhZ[d0
ǿǾǻ / ǽȃǻ
BedZþd B[_Y[ij[h IgkWh[0
ǾȀǻ / ǽȀǻ
En\ehZ0
ǾȀǻ / ǽǽǻ
8ekhd[cekj^0
Ȁǻǻ / ǾǾǻ
9WcXh_Z][0
Ǿǻǻ / Ǽȁǻ
;Z_dXkh]^0
Ǿȁǻ / Ǽǽǻ
CWdY^[ij[h
ǼȀǻ / Ǽǻǻ
Cȍn./fhĘc. feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ jĿǅZƻ0
lĶ[Y^dW Y[djhW0
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
DȏheZdeijdǅ ibeô[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ0
BedZþd0 ǿǿ% 7i_[, ǾȂ% ;lhefW, Ȅ% @_ôdǅ
7c[h_aW, Ǽǻ% EijWjdǅ
En\ehZ0 ȁȀ% ;lhefW, ǼǾ% 7i_[, Ǽǻ% @_ôdǅ
7c[h_aW, Ǽǽ% EijWjdǅ
8ekhd[cekj^0 ȀȂ% ;lhefW, ǽǻ% 7i_[, ǿ%
@_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW, ǼȄ% EijWjdǅ
9ȍcXh_Z][0 ǿǾ% ;lhefW, Ǽȁ% 7i_[, ǼȀ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW, ǽȁ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ȁ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb (lĶ[Y^dȍ cƻijȍ)0
ceZ[hdǅ kǘ[Xdo, _dj[hd[j pZWhcW, m_Ô, feǘǅjWǘelƽ W ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[Xdo, ijkZeldW
W akYôdƻ (BedZed B[_Y[ij[h I.) , ad_êldW,
aWlǴhdW, pW^hWZW (9Wc., En\., ;Z_d.), j[hWiW (Bed. 9el[dj =WhZ[d), fWj_e (8ekhd.)
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaeb (lĶ[Y^dȍ cƻijȍ)0
Y[beilƻjelƻ kpdǴlWdƽ Ķaebo i Zbekêb[jþc_
pakĶ[deijc_, Ķ_heaƽ if[ajhkc akhpĘ W fhe]hWcĘ, beaWb_jW, lþXehdǴ alWb_jW, ifeae`[dǅ
ijkZ[dj_
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i (A?9) `[ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[ i lǅY[ d[ô Ȃǻ b[jþc_ pakĶ[deijc_ l[ lþkY[ `WpoaĘ. A?9 dWXǅpǅ akhpo
l[ ǿǻ Z[ij_dWYǅY^ ilƻjW W `[ Ķf_ǘaek l[ ilƽc eXehk. IjkZ[dj_ eY[dǅ
fĿ[Z[lĶǅc l[baþ lþXƻh akhpĘ, alWb_ÔaelWdƽ b[ajeho W kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaeb l
WjhWaj_ldǅY^ beaWb_jǴY^. A?9 `[ Wah[Z_jelǴd 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W `[ ǘb[d[c
eh]Wd_pWY[ ;D=B?I> KA.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebo A?9 ìek l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij d[Xe l `[`_Y^ jƻidƽ Xbǅpaeij_. L BedZþdƻ ìek Zlƻ Y[djhW Æ fhldǅ i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ Ȁ c_d. Y^Ęp[ eZ 9el[dj =WhZ[d
W eXYêZĘ dW En\ehZ Ijh[[j, Zhk^ƽ `[ l ihZY_ cƻijW, c[p_ B[_Y[ij[h
IgkWh[ W JhW\Wb]Wh IgkWh[. L En\ehZk `[ ĶaebW l ceZ[hdǅ l_belƽ ǘjlhj_,
Ǽǻ c_dkj p Y[djhW, l 9WcXh_Z][ l ab_Zdƽ h[p_Z[dǘdǅ ǘjlhj_, ǽǻ c_dkj
Y^Ęp[ eZ Y[djhW, ĶaebW l 8ekhd[cekj^ `[ l[ M[ijXekhd[, Ǽǻ c_dkj
eZ Y[djhW _ fbǴô[. L JehgkWo `[ A?9 fek^ƽ Ǿ c_dkjo Y^Ęp[ eZ Y[djhW
cƻijW. L ;Z_dXkh]^k iǅZbǅ ĶaebW l ]h[]eh_Ǵdiaƽ XkZelƻ l delƽ ǘǴij_
cƻijW. L CWdY^[ij[hk `[ d[`delƻ`Ķǅ ĶaebW A?9 W iǅZbǅ l[ Y[djhk cƻijW
dW En\ehZ Ijh[[j.
Akhpo ȍ kXojelȏdǅ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dWXǅpǅ l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak
`WpoaelþY^ akhpĘ, lêZdþY^ fhe lĶ[Y^do lƻaelƽ aWj[]eh_[ W `Wpoaelƽ
Ġheldƻ. L dǴXǅZY[ ìek jhWZ_ǘdǅ akhpo eX[Ydƽ ȍd]b_ǘj_do l dƻaeb_aȍ
_dj[dp_jȏY^0 LȍYȍj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǻǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) - f[h\[ajdǅ pfĘieX
`Wa paecX_delWj ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do i Zeleb[dek, =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^
(ǻǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + Ȁ b[aYǅ ijhkajkhelȍdƽê iȍceijkZ_ȍ) W ?dj[di_l[
;d]b_i^ (ǻǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + ȁ leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ + Ȁ b[aYǅ ijhkajkhelȍdƽê iȍceijkZ_ȍ). K leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ cĘô[j[ loXǅhWj p0 ÙLeYWXkbWho,
9khh[dj 7W_hi, BeYWb 9kbjkh[ d[Xe ;d]b_i^ \eh 8ki_d[iiÈ. FĿ_ ijhkajkhelWdƽc ijkZ_k cǴj[ fĿǅijkf a[ lĶ[c lþkaelþc cWj[h_ǴbĘc, _dj[hWaj_ldǅc fhe]hWcĘc W cǴj[ ceôdeij
iWceijkZ_W. A?9 cǴ l dWXǅZY[ _ akhpo i[ pWcƻĿ[dǅc dW eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_dk 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ W akhpo
fĿ_fhWlk`ǅYǅ dW c[p_dǴheZdǅ paekĶao <9;, 97; ȍ ?;BJI. Fhe jo, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ kZƻbWj Ye d[`lƻjĶǅ feahea ìek
lêZdƽ akhpo Ed[ je ed[, aZo fheXǅ^Ǵ lþkaW `[d c[p_ ijkZ[dj[c W b[ajeh[c. C[p_ ZbekêZeXƽ akhpo
fWjĿǅ0 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h ȍ 7YȍZ[c_Y O[ȍh dWXǅpǅYǅ ceôdeij ZbekêZeXƽê ijkZ_W dW Ȁ d[Xe Ȅ cƻiǅYĘ. Fhe jo, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`_ paecX_delWj `Wpoaelþ akhp i fhWYǅ `[ jk fhe]hWc Efki Ǿ, ǿ, Ȃ l ZƽbY[ Ȁ, ȁ d[Xe
Ȅ cƻiǅYĘ. <b[n_X_bdƻ`Ķǅ lWh_Wdjek `[ fhe]hWc Efki ;khe If[Y_ȍb, aj[hþ aecX_dk`[ c_d_cǴbdƻ ȁ jþZdĘ
Wd]b_ǘj_do W ȁ cƻiǅYĘ fhǴY[. PWcƻijdWlWj[b[, fĿ[lǴôdƻ l eXehk feêij_dijlǅ, pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW. Fhe]hWco
EFKI ìek khǘ[dƽ fhe ijĿ[Zdƻ feaheǘ_bƽ Wd]b_ǘj_dǴĿ[ i ZeXhþc_ aeckd_aWǘdǅc_ pdWbeijc_. KXojelǴdǅ
pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, aj[hƽ ìek l BedZþdƻ hepZƻb[dƽ Zb[ pŘd. L dWXǅZY[ ìek jWaƽ
Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY[ W WfWhjcǴdo.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
LWYWj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) *
?;BJI (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) **
?;BJI (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) ***
JE;<B WdZ 7YWZ[c_Y ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) ****
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h, Efki Ȁ (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh, Efki Ȅ (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Efki ȁ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Efki ;khe If[Y_Wb (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ (Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdo Ǽ - ǽ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdo Ǽ - ǽ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdo Ǿ - ǿ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdo Ǿ - ǿ
H[i_Z[dY[ / 7fWhjc[dj, ZlekbĘôaelþ f., X[p `ǅZbW, pŘdW Ǽ
H[i_Z[dY[ / 7fWhjc[dj, `[ZdebĘôaelþ f., X[p `ǅZbW, pŘdW Ǽ
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ȁ, Ǽǻ jþZdĘ
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d l =8F
ıaebo c_ce BedZþd
ıaebo l BedZþdƻ
ǼǿȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȁȀ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȄȀ
ǽǻȀ
ǼǿȀ
ǼȁȀ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȄȀ
ǽǻȀ
ǽ - Ǽȁ jþZdĘ
-
ǽǻȀ
ǼǿȀ
ǼȀȀ
ǼǽȂ
ǼǾȄ
ǽȁ jþZdĘ
ǼǿǼ
ǼǿǼ
Ǿǽ - Ȁȃ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ȁǻǻ
Ǽǽȁǻ / akhp
Ȁǻǻ
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ.Ǽ., ǽǽ.Ǿ., Ǽǽ.Ȅ.
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǼ. ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ.
BedZþd
Jehgkȍo
9ȍcX., En.
8ekhd.
CȍdY^.
;Z_d.
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȄȀ
Ǽǽǻ
ǼǿȀ
ǽǾǻ
ǽǿȀ
Ǽǽǻ
-
ǼǼǻ
ǼǾǻ
ǼȀȀ
ȄȀ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǽȀ
ǼǿȀ
ȄȀ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǾǻ
ǼȃȀ
ǼȃȀ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ.Ǽ., Ǽǽ.ǿ., ǽǼ.ȁ.,
ǽȁ.Ȃ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǼ.
ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ., Ǽȃ. Ǽǻ.
ǼǿȀ
ǼȀȀ
ǼǽȂ
ǼǾȄ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǿ.Ǽ., ǽǽ.Ǿ, ǼǾ.ǿ.,
ǽǼ.ȁ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
ǿ.Ǽ. - Ǽǿ.ȁ. W ǽǾ.ȃ. - Ǽȃ.Ǽǻ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek ieXejk
Fefbȍjao ȍ ZȍbĶǅ _d\ehcȍY[0
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F ȀȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F ǻ, lhȍjdȏ pȏbe^ȍ dȍ kXojelȏdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_0 =8F ǼȀǻ, lhȍjdȏ pȏbe^ȍ dȍ kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǽȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ kǘ[Xd_Y[0 <9; =8F Ǿǻ, 97; =8F
ǿǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 eZ =8F ȃǻ Ze =8F ǼȀǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 >ec[ijWo b[jdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a =8F ǽǻ / jþZ[d, H[i_Z[dY[ / 7fWhjc[dj b[jdǅ
fĿǅfbWj[a =8F Ǽǻ / jþZ[d, >ec[ijWo lǴdeǘdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a =8F ǿȀ / jþZ[d, if[Y_Ǵbdǅ Z_[jW =8F Ǿǻ / jþZ[d.
B[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ. ȁ. - ǽȃ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, LȏdeY[0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* @[d 9WcXh_Z][ W ;Z_dXkh]^. ** @[d BedZed B[_Y[ij[h IgkWh[, BedZed 9el[dj =WhZ[d, 8ekhd[cekj^, En\ehZ. *** @[d BedZed, En\ehZ, 8ekhd[cekj^.****@[d BedZed B[_Y[ij[h IgkWh[.
Ǽǻ
Aȍfbȍd ?dj[hdȍj_edȍb 9ebb[][i - `kd_ehi
BedZþd, Iȍb_iXkho, Jehgkȍo, 8ȍj^, 8ekhd[cekj^
J
ĖleZ
BedZþd 8ki^[o0 ǼǾǻ / Ǽǻǻ
BedZþd A_d]ijed0 ǼȀǻ /Ǽǽǻ
IWb_iXkho0 ȁȀǻ /ȁǻǻ
JehgkWo0 ǽǻǻ / Ǽȃǻ
8Wj^0 ǾǾǻ / Ǿǻǻ
8ekhd[cekj^0 ǽǿǻ / ǽǽǻ
ǼȀ / ǼǾ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽǽ - ǼȂ b[j
D[`pȍijekf[dƻ`Ķǅ dȏheZdeij_0
BedZþd 8ki^[o0 Ǿȃ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǼȂ% ǓǅdW,
ǼǼ% @Wfediae, ȃ% ?jǴb_[
BedZþd A_d]ijed0 Ǿȃ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǼȄ%
?jǴb_[, Ǽȃ% Jkh[Yae, Ȃ% <hWdY_[, ȁ% Fehjk]Wbiae
Iȍb_iXkho0 ǽȃ% ?jǴb_[, ǽȁ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ȃ%
Hkiae, ȁ% @Wfediae, Ȁ% Jkh[Yae
Jehgkȍo0 ǽȃ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ǽȃ% ılþYWhiae,
Ǽȃ% Hkiae, Ȁ% :Ǵdiae, ǿ% Febiae
8ȍj^0 ȀǾ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǼȀ% ?jǴb_[, ȃ% <hWdY_[, ȃ% @Wfediae, Ȃ% 8hWpǅb_[
8ekhd[cekj^0 ǿǽ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǼȀ% IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, Ǽǿ% Hkiae, ȁ% ?jǴb_[, ǿ% Jkh[Yae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb (lĶ[Y^dȍ cƻijȍ)0
ceZ[hdǅ kǘ[Xdo, _dj[hd[j pZWhcW, m_Ô, feǘǅjWǘelƽ W ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[Xdo, ijkZeldW
W akYôdƻ , ad_êldW, aWlǴhdW, pW^hWZW
Y[beilƻjelƻ kpdǴlWdǴ ĶaebW i Zbekêb[jþc_
pakĶ[deijc_, Ķ_heaƽ if[ajhkc akhpĘ W fhe]hWcĘ, beaWb_jW, lþXehdǴ alWb_jW, ifeae`[dǅ
ijkZ[dj_
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_d.
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i (A?9) cǴ l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ dƻaeb_a Y[dj[h,
aj[hƽ i[ if[Y_Wb_pk`ǅ dW akhpo fhe `kd_eho. 7XieblelǴdǅ `Wpoaelƽê akhpk
l pW^hWd_ǘǅ `[ fhe cbWZƽ ijkZ[djo d[pWfec[dkj[bdþc pǴô_ja[c. DWkǘǅ i[
`Wpoa W pǴhel[Ŧ fepdW`ǅ akbjkhk W pfĘieX ô_lejW l Y_pǅ p[c_. B[aY[ Wd]b_ǘj_do
ìek l[Z[do jWa, WXo Xobo pǴXWldƽ W dWlǅY ìek fhe ijkZ[djo eh]Wd_pelWdƽ
WjhWaj_ldǅ Waj_l_jo W [nakhp[, lĶ[ feZ Ze^b[Z[c pakĶ[dþY^ b[ajehĘ. A?9 cǴ
Wah[Z_jWY_ 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b.
Beaȍb_jȍ
BedZþd 8ki^[o - `kd_ehiaƽ Y[djhkc lpZǴb[dƽ eZ Y[djhW BedZþdW fek^þY^
ǽǻ c_dkj lbWa[c.
BedZþd A_d]ijed - ^_ijeh_Yaƽ cƻije dW Ŀ[Y[ J[cô_, lpZǴb[dƽ ǽǻ ac eZ
BedZþdW.
Iȍb_iXkho - ^_ijeh_Yaƽ cƻije feXbǅô Wd]b_Yaƽ dǴheZdǅ fWcǴjao Ijed[^[d][.
Jehgkȍo - pdǴcƽ fĿǅceĿiaƽ b[jel_iae eXbǅX[dƽ c[p_ jkh_ijo, ĶaebW `[ fek^þY^ Ȁ c_dkj eZ Y[djhW cƻijW.
8ȍj^ - cƻije pdǴcƽ ]h[]eh_Ǵdiaek WhY^_j[ajkhek W ahǴidek fĿǅheZek. ıaebW `[ fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW.
8ekhd[cekj^ - fWjĿǅ c[p_ d[pdǴcƻ`Ķǅ b[jel_iae i dǴZ^[hdþc_ fbǴô[c_, pǴhel[Ŧ dWXǅpǅ 8ekhd[cekj^ _ akbjkhdǅ W ifehjeldǅ loô_jǅ.
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dWXǅpǅ l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ akhpo fhe `kd_eho eZ
ĠfbdþY^ pWǘǴj[ǘdǅaĘ Wô fe l[bc_ feaheǘ_bƽ. D[pǴb[ôǅ j[Zo dW jec, pZW lWĶ[
Zǅjƻ j[fhl[ i Wd]b_ǘj_dek pWǘǅdǴ, ǘ_ pZW kô `[ l Wd]b_ǘj_dƻ pZWjdƽ. DW lþXƻh ìek
b[jdǅ akhpo l _dj[dp_jƻ ǼȀ êZ_d / jþZ[d (Ybȍii_Y `kd_eh Yekhi[), l _dj[dp_jƻ
ǽǽ,Ȁ êZ_d / jþZ[d (_dj[di_l[ `kd_eh Yekhi[) ǘ_ akhpo pWaedǘ[dƽ YWcXh_Z]iaþc_ paekĶaWc_ (OB;, A;J, F;J) 9ȍcXh_Z][ `kd_eh Yekhi[. 9WcXh_Z]iaƽ
paekĶao alWb_Ôak`ǅ pdWbeij ijkZ[djĘ l eXbWij_ feib[Y^k, cbkl[dǅ, ǘj[dǅ W fiWdǅ.
J[ijelǴdǅ OB; (Oekd] B[hd[hi ;d]b_i^) i_ cĘô[j[ pleb_j l[ lĶ[Y^ Y[djh[Y^
Ķaeb AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i W j[ij i[ aedǴ l jþZd[Y^ eZ ǼǼ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ.,
ǽȀ.Ȃ. W ȃ.ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ. PaekĶak A;J (A[o ;d]b_i^ J[ij) W F;J (Fh[b_c_dWho ;d]b_i^ J[ij) `[ ceôdƽ WXieblelWj l
Y[djh[Y^ BedZþd 8ki^[o W A_d]ijed, 8Wj^, 8ekhd[cekj^, IWb_iXkho W JehgkWo l j[hcǅdk ǽȄ.Ȃ.ǽǻǼǻ. AWfbWd
?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ if[Y_Ǵbdǅ akhp fhe `kd_eho ;d]b_i^ ȍdZ <eejXȍbb Yekhi[, aj[hþ aecX_dk`[
lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do i \ejXWb[c. J[dje akhp fheXǅ^Ǵ l IWb_iXkho l j[hcǅdk eZ Ǽ.ȃ. - Ǽǿ.ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ. LǅY[ _d\ehcWYǅ
LǴc hǴZ_ feZǴc[ l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^. Ahecƻ `_ô pc_ŦelWdþY^ b[jdǅY^ akhpĘ ìek l dWXǅZY[ jWaƽ p_cdǅ W
l[b_aedeǘdǅ akhpo. L[ lĶ[Y^ akhp[Y^ i[ fekôǅlW`ǅ kǘ[Xd_Y[ if[Y_Wb_pelWdƽ dW lþkak `kd_ehĘ. L Y[dƻ lĶ[Y^
akhpĘ `[ jWaƽ pW^hdkje cdeôijlǅ Waj_l_j W [nakhpǅ. Feǘ[j Waj_l_j W [nakhpǅ i[ b_Ķǅ Zb[ beaWb_jo, lôZo `[ je lĶWa
d[`cƽdƻ Ȁ Waj_l_j / jþZ[d, Ǽ Y[beZ[ddǅ lþb[j W ǽ fĘbZ[ddǅ lþb[jo. C[p_ Waj_l_jo fWjĿǅ ifehjo, jþcelƽ ^ho, kcƻdǅ,
ZhWcW, Ôbcelƽ deY_, alǅpo, Z_iaejƽao W ZWbĶǅ. DW lþb[jo i[ lohǴôǅ a[ pdǴcþc fWcǴjaǴc l eaebǅ. E ijkZ[djW
`[ feijWhǴde Xƻ^[c Y[bƽê feXojk. 8ƻ^[c Waj_l_j cW`ǅ `kd_eĿ_ ceôdeij fheYl_ǘ_j pdWbeij_, aj[hƽ i[ dWkǘ_b_ l
êZ_dǴY^ Wd]b_ǘj_do. KXojelǴdǅ pǴl_iǅ dW jofk akhpk, aj[hþ i_ loX[h[j[. L dWXǅZY[ ìek `Wa akhpo i kXojelǴdǅc
l heZ_dƻ, jWa akhpo i kXojelǴdǅc l[ ijkZ[djiaþY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^.
9[dȍ pȍ akhp l =8F
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǻ jþZdo
Ǽ jþZdo
ǽ jþZdo
ǼǿȀǻ
ǼȄǻǻ
BedZed 8ki^[o 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ȄȄȀ
BedZed A_d]ijed 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[)
ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
ǼǽǿȀ
Ǽȃǿǻ
ǽǿǼǻ
ȃȄȀ
ȄȂȀ
ǼǼȁȀ
ǼǽǿȀ
ǼǽȄǻ
ǼǿǼǻ
ǼȁȄȀ
ǼȃǼȀ
ǼȁǿȀ
ǼȃǻȀ
ǽǽǿȀ
ǽǿǻȀ
ȃȄȀ
ǼǽȄǻ
ǼȁǿȀ
IWb_iXkho 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
IWb_iXkho ?dj[di_l[ @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǽ,Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
IWb_iXkho 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[)
IWb_iXkho ?dj[di_l[ @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǽ,Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[)
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
JehgkWo 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
ǽ - Ǽǻ jþZdĘ
8Wj^ 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȄǼȀ
ǼǾǽȀ
ǼȁȄȀ
ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
ȄǼȀ
ȄȄȀ
ǼǼǾȀ
ǼǽǼȀ
ǼǾǽȀ
ǼǿǿȀ
ǼȁȁȀ
ǼȂȃȀ
ǼȁȄȀ
ǼȃȀȀ
ǽǼȄȀ
ǽǾȀȀ
8ekhd[cekj^ 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
8ekhd[cekj^ ?dj[di_l[ @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǽ,Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo)
8ekhd[cekj^ 9bWii_Y @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[)
8ekhd[cekj^ ?dj[di_l[ @kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǽ,Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[)
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǼǼ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǽȀ.Ȃ.,
Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ.
ǿ.Ȃ.,ǼǼ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǽȀ.Ȃ.,
Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ.
ȁ.ȁ., ǼǾ.ȁ., ǽǻ.ȁ.,
ǽȂ.ȁ., ǿ.Ȃ.,ǼǼ.Ȃ.,
Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ.
ǼǾ.ȁ.ǽǻ.ȁ., ǽȂ.ȁ.,
Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ, ǽǼ.ȃ.
ǽǻ.ȁ., ǽȂ.ȁ., ǿ.Ȃ.,ǼǼ.Ȃ.,
Ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǽȀ.Ȃ., Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ..
Ǽ.ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ
9[dȍ pȍ^hdk`[0 `Wpoaelþ akhp Zb[ _dj[dp_jo, kXojelǴdǅ i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe]hWc Waj_l_j W [nakhpǅ, Y[hj_ÔaǴj, kǘ[Xd_Y[, pǴf_idƽ, ǽǿ êZ_delek b_dak feceY_. 9[dȍ d[pȍ^hdk`[0 b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[ho, Y[ijeldǅ
fe`_Ķjƻdǅ, pfǴj[ǘdǅ b[j[dak Ze 7d]b_[.
:ȍbĶǅ fefbȍjao0 b[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍdi\[ho (eXƻ Y[ijo) p b[j_Ķjƻ >[ȍj^hem0 BedZþd 8ki^[o, BedZþd A_d]ijed, IWb_iXkho =8F ȄȀ, JehgkWo =8F ǼǽȀ, 8Wj^, 8ekhd[cekj^ =8F ǼǼǻ. p b[j_Ķjƻ =ȍjm_Ya0 BedZþd
A_d]ijed =8F ǼǼȀ, IWb_iXkho =8F ǼǻȀ, JehgkWo =8F ǼǾȀ, 8Wj^ =8F Ǽǽǻ.
9[dȍ pȍ [njhȍ deY l kXojelȏdǅ0 BedZþd 8ki^[o, IWb_iXkho, JehgkWo, 8Wj^, 8ekhd[cekj^ =8F ǿǻ, BedZþd A_d]ijed =8F Ȁǻ, Fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 OB; =8F ǽȀ, A;J W F;J =8F ǾȀ.
ǼǼ
C_bd[h IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^
BedZþd
DȏĶ j_f!
D M
Cȍn. / fhĘc. feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ Ķaeb[0
Ǽȃǻ / Ǽǻǻ
Cȍn. / fhĘc. feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ jĿǅZƻ0
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^
Ǽǽ / Ǽǻ
9WcXh_Z][
Ȃ/Ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ȁȀ% ;lhefW
Ǽǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ǽǻ% 7i_[
ǼǾ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽǻ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ad_êldW, ijkZeldW, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i _dj[hd[j[c pZWhcW, ijkZ[djiaǴ aWlǴhdW, m_Ô
ĖleZ
LbWijdǅa[c Ķaebo `[ C_bd[helW heZ_dW, `[`ǅô pakĶ[deij_ i `Wpoaelek lþkaek fĿ[iW^k`ǅ ǾȀ
b[j. @[ Wah[Z_jelǴdW 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W ǘb[d[c WieY_WY[ ;d]b_i^ KA. ıaebW fWjĿǅ c[p_
ĠifƻĶdƽ Ķaebo l fĿǅfhWlƻ dW 9WcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao. FedZƻbdǅ l[ǘ[ho feĿǴZǴ ĶaebW klǅjWYǅ l[ǘǅh[a fhe delƽ ijkZ[djo. DWXǅpǅ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc W lǅa[dZelƽ lþb[jo.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l WjhWaj_ldǅ ǘǴij_ BedZþdW - M_cXb[Zedk pdǴcƽc `Wae Y[djhkc ilƻjelƽê j[d_ik. IekǘǴijǅ `[ WjhWaj_ldǅ l[id_YaǴ pǴijWlXW, ô_lƽ cƻijiaƽ Y[djhkc W fWha. 8kZelW ije`ǅ l ab_Zdƽ l[Zb[`Ķǅ kb_Y_ ȁǻǻ c[jhĘ eZ ijWd_Y[ M_cXb[Zed. 9[ijW Ze Y[djhW BedZþdW lpZǴb[dƽê Ǽǻ a_bec[jhĘ jhlǴ p^hkXW ǽǻ c_dkj. DW efWǘdek ijhWdk `[pZǅ lbWao
l ahǴjaþY^ _dj[hlWb[Y^ Ze fheibkbþY^ cǅij l @_ôdǅ 7d]b__. DWfĿǅabWZ Y[ijW Ze 8h_]^jedk d[Xe 9Wdj[hXkho jhlǴ `[Zdk
êZ_dk. ıaebW cǴ ǼȂ ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dþY^ kǘ[X[d, ad_êldk i lþkaelþc_ cWj[h_Ǵbo W aWlǴhdk.
Akhpo dW Ķaeb[ C_bd[h ìek lokǘelǴdo l cWbþY^ iakf_daǴY^ i cWn_cǴbdǅc feǘj[c Ǽǽ ijkZ[djĘ. DW
hepZǅb eZ `_dþY^ Ķaeb b[aY[ jhlǴ ȁǻ c_dkj. C_bd[h IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^ i[ if[Y_Wb_pk`[ dW akhpo fhe Zeifƻbƽ
=[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ ȍ dȍ akhpo pȍaedǘ[dƽ YȍcXh_Z][iaþc_ paekĶaȍc_ <9;, 97;, 9F; ȍ ?;BJI. KXojelǴdǅ
dWXǅpǅ ĶaebW l f[ǘb_lƻ loXǅhWdþY^ êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^. LƻjĶ_dW heZ_d `[ fĿǅce l[ M_Xb[Zedk W `[ eZ
Ķaebo idWZde ZeiWô_j[bdǴ fƻĶao. ıaebW cǴ jWaƽ ilek h[p_Z[dY_ B_X[hjo <_[bZi.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
kcǅijƻdǅ l Y[djhk M_cXb[Zedk, c[dĶǅ ĶaebW
i fĿǴj[biaek Wjcei\ƽhek, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc fhe
lebdþ ǘWi, alWb_jdǅ akhpo, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ,
ifeae`[dǅ ijkZ[dj_, êc[ijWo l Xbǅpaeij_ Ķaebo
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^, ?;BJI
(ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_d.
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǽ b[aYǅ /jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h <9; (ǽǽ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, ?;BJI
(ǽǽ b[aYǅ /jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǿ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȅ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǿ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȅ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ / Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ / Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ *
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[ *
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
B_X[hjo <_[bZi H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l =8F
Ǽǽǻ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǻȀ
ǼȂǻ
ǼȀȃ
ǼȀǻ
ǼǻȀ
ǼȀǻ
ǼȀǻ
Ȁǻǻ
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l =8F
Ǽǻǻ
ǼǾǻ
ǼǼǻ
ǼȀǻ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
ǽȄ.ȁ. - ǽȂ.ȃ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Fefbȍjao ȍ ZȍbĶǅ _d\ehcȍY[
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F Ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǽǻ (fbWjǅ i[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk, l[ Ķaeb[), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_ >[ȍj^hem, =ȍjm_Ya, Ijȍdij[Z0 =8F ȂȀ / `[ZdW Y[ijW, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9;, 97;, 9F;0
=8F Ǽǽǻ ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ. * Fekp[ fĿ_ kXojelǴdǅ Zlek ijkZ[djĘ dW`[Zdek.
;d]b_i^ ǻǹǹǹ
8ekhd[cekj^
D
ǽǻǻ / Ǽǻǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ǼȀ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǼǾ% Dƻc[Yae, Ǽǽ% <hWdY_[, Ǽǻ% ǓH, Ȁ% >ebWdZiae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽǻ %
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ kǘ[Xdo, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij fhe ijkZ[djo
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
beaWb_jW, Y[dW, Waj_l_jo, ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;d]b_i^ ǽǻǻǻ XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǽ. FWjĿǅ c[p_ delƻ`Ķǅ, ceZ[hdǅ Ķaebo heZ_ddƽê jofk. @[ Wah[Z_jelǴdW 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b. ıaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc c_ceĶaebdǅY^
Waj_l_j. ıaebW ;d]b_i^ ǽǻǻǻ i[ ahecƻ abWi_Yaƽ lþkao Wd]b_ǘj_do pWcƻĿk`[ _ dW ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW iǅZbǅ fĿǅce l Y[djhk 8ekhd[cekj^ dW <_h LWb[ HeWZ. 8ekhd[cekj^ `[ d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅ
Xh_jiaƽ b[jel_iae i ahǴidþc_ fbǴô[c_, ceôdeijǅ ifehjeldǅê loô_jǅ W Xe^Wjþc deǘdǅc ô_lej[c. @Z[ e fhǴpZd_delek Z[ij_dWY_, aZ[ cĘô[j[ ahǴidƻ ife`_j ijkZ_kc i Zeleb[dek. AZ[
`_dZ[ Xoij[ l 7d]b__ dWĶb_ Ǽǻ ac fǅiǘ_jþY^ fbǴôǅ5
ıaebW ;d]b_i^ ǽǻǻǻ dWXǅpǅ ahecƻ abWi_Yaþ akhpĘ eX[Ydƽ Wd]b_ǘj_do =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) jWaƽ ijkZ_`dƻ fhWYeldǅ fhe]hWco. Fhe _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fĿǅijkf W _dj[dp_ldǅ
ijkZ_kc `[ lêZdþ akhp Ed[ je ed[. ĖifƻĶdƽ ìek jWaƽ akhpo aecX_delWdƽ i fhWYǅ jpl. IjkZo ȍdZ Meha
ǘ_ 8ekhd[cekj^ Meha. Fhe]hWc IjkZo WdZ Meha kceôŦk`[ ijkZ[djĘc fe eZijkZelǴdǅ akhpk Wd]b_ǘj_do
dWijekf_j dW fbWY[dek fhWYeldǅ fep_Y_ W je dW Ǽǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ. Fhe]hWc 8ekhd[cekj^ Meha ife`k`[ ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do e _dj[dp_jƻ Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d W iekǘWidƻ fhǴY_ dW Ǽǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ. FhǴY_ pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW l eXeh[Y^
>ej[b ȏ 9Wj[h_d] l En\ehZk W 8ekhd[cekj^. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
IjkZo WdZ Meha
8ekhd[cekj^ Meha
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
ǿ jþZdo
ȁ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽȁ jþZdĘ
ǽȁ jþZdĘ
ǼǼǻ
ǼȀǻ
ȁǻǻ
ǽǻǻ
ǼȀǻ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼǾǻ
ȀȀ
ǿȀ
ǾȀ
Ȅǻ
ǼǼǻ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F Ȃǻ , fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F Ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 BedZþd >[Wj^hem
=8F ǼǼǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, BedZþd =Wjm_Ya =8F Ǽǽǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, BedZþd IjWdij[Z =8F ǼȀǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, Bkjed =8F ǼǾǻ /
`[Zdk Y[ijk, Iekj^^Wcfjed =8F ȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, 8ekhd[cekj^ =8F Ǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
Ǽǽ
9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i
BedZþd, Mehj^_d]
D M U
BedZþd
ǼȀǻ / ȃǻ
Mehj^_d]
ǽǻǻ / Ǽǻǻ
Ǽǿ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǽ - ǼȂ b[j
Ȁǿ% ;lhefW
ǽǻ % 7i_[
ȁ % @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǽǻ % EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
BedZþd0 ǼǼ kǘ[X[d, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij,
feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c a _dj[hd[jk
pZWhcW, ad_êldW, feib[Yêlƽ Y[djhkc, fhecǅjWYǅ kǘ[XdW, pW^hWZW W l[daeldǅ 88G ,m_Ô
Mehj^_d]0 ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij i l[baefbeĶdek eXhWpelaek, feǘǅjWǘelǴ cǅijdeij,
ad_êldW, ijebdǅ j[d_i, jĿ_ pW^hWZo, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
jhWZ_Y[, alWb_jW, WjhWaj_ldǅ beaWb_jo, fĿǅ`[cdǅ
W f[ǘk`ǅYǅ pWcƻijdWdY_, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ W pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, ceZ[hdǅ loXWl[dǅ, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc
c_ceĶaebdǅY^ Waj_l_j, X[pf[ǘdƽ beaWb_jo
ĖleZ
ıaebW 9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȂȁ l ?hiak. EZ jƽ ZeXo ej[lĿ[bW Zlƻ delƽ Ķaebo
l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ W lofhWYelWbW i[ c[p_ fh[ij_ôdǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo `Wa l ?hiak jWa l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__. 9;I
dWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk akhpĘ fĿ_ fĿǴj[biaƽ Wjcei\ƽĿ[. IfekijW ijkZ[djĘ fĿ_Y^Ǵpǅ dW pǴabWZƻ Zefehkǘ[dǅ
W êZdƻ i[ `_Y^ dW 9;I pdelk lhWYǅ. Loieaþ ijWdZWhZ akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ pW`_ijǅ, ô[ ǘWi ijhǴl[dþ dW
Ķaeb[ XkZ[ êZdejdþ W fĿǅ`[cdþ. ıaebW `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W `[ ǘb[d[c ;d]b_i^ KA.
Beaȍb_jȍ
9;I iǅZbǅ l BedZþdƻ l[ M_cXb[Zedk, fĿ[Zcƻijǅ fheibWl[dƽc j[d_i[c, aj[hƽ `[ eZ Y[djhW BedZþdW lpZǴb[dƽ ǽǻ
c_dkj `ǅpZo lbWa[c. ıaebW `[ i_jkelWdǴ h[p_Z[dǘdǅ ǘjlhj_ fek^þY^ Ǽǻ c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ lbWaelƽ pWijǴlao M_cXb[Zed. L[ Mehj^_d]k 9;I iǅZbǅ l[ l_ajeh_Ǵdiaƽ XkZelƻ, fǴh c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ dǴZhWôǅ, Y[djhW cƻijW W feXĿ[ôǅ.
DW 9;I cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]ab_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (aecX_dȍY[ =; ȍ 8;),
fĿ_fhȍlelȍj i[ dȍ YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao (<9;, 97;, 9F;) ǘ_ ?;BJI d[Xe ȍXieblelȍj akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[
ȍd]b_ǘj_do J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]. PW`ǅcWlþc ZbekêZeXþc akhp[c `[ Ckbj_ :[ij_dWj_ed 9ekhi[, `[êô ZƽbaW `[
ǽǿ jþZdĘ W `[ aecX_dWYǅ Ǽǽ jþZdĘ l BedZþdƻ / Mehj^_d]k W Ǽǽ jþZdĘ l :kXb_dk d[Xe Ǿȁ jþZdĘ i aecX_dWYǅ
lĶ[Y^ jĿǅ cƻij. CǴj[ jWa ceôdeij fepdWj L[baek 8h_jǴd__ _ ?hiae. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^
heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ, l[ Mehj^_d]k i fbdek f[dpǅ, l[ ZlekbĘôaelþY^ d[Xe `[ZdebĘôaelþY^ feae`ǅY^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ Æ ȃ jþZdĘ
<9;, 97;, 9F; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ȅ , Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
?;BJI (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
ǽǿ jþZdĘ
Ǿȁ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǼȂǻ
-
ǽ jþZdo
ǾǾȀ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ȁ.Ȃ., Ǽǽ.Ȃ., ǼȄ.Ȃ.,
ǽȁ.Ȃ., ǽ.ȃ., Ȅ.ȃ.,
Ǽȁ.ȃ., ǽǾ.ȃ., Ǿǻ.ȃ.
ǼǼ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǽǻ. Ȅ.
BedZþd0 ǼȄ. ǿ.
Mehj^_d]0
ǼȀ.ǽ., Ȅ. ȃ.
ǽȃ. ȁ., Ǽǽ. Ȃ., Ǿ.ȃ.
ǼǼȂ
ǼǼȂ
ǿǽǻ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿǻȁ
Ǽǿ.ȁ., ǽǼ.ȁ., ǽȃ.ȁ.,
Ȁ.Ȃ., Ǽǽ.Ȃ., ǼȄ.Ȃ.,
ǽȁ.Ȃ., ǽ.ȃ., Ȅ.ȃ..
BedZþd Mehj^_d]
ǼǽȀ
Ǽǻȃ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼǼȀ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[*
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[*
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
-
Ǽȃǻ
ǿ jþZdo
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d] (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ckbj_ :[ij_dWj_ed 9ekhi[
(ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
êc[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, fbdǴ
f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
BedZþd Mehj^_d]
Ǽǿǻ
Ǽǽǻ
Ǽȃǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F Ȁǻ, pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F Ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǽǻ (^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 BedZþd =8F ȃǻ
p >[Wj^hem W =Wjm_Ya, Mehj^_d] =8F ȃǻ p =Wjm_Ya, =8F ǼǻȀ p >[Wj^hem.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* L[ Mehj^_d]k fbdǴ f[dp[.
;79 Bȍd]kȍ][ IYêebi
BedZþd, >ȍij_d]i, ;Z_dXkh]^
D
BedZþd0 Ȁǻ / Ȁǻ
>Wij_d]i0 ǽǻǻ / ȁǻ
;Z_dXkh]^0 ǽȀǻ / Ǽǻǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȂ b[j
BedZþd0 ǾȀ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǾȀ% Hkiae, ǽǻ%
?jǴb_[, Ȅ% KahW`_dW, Ǽ% EijWjdǅ
>Wij_d]i0 ǽȀ% ?jǴb_[, ǽǻ% Ǔ[iae, Ǽǽ% Febiae, Ǽǻ% Dƻc[Yae, Ǽǻ% ıfWdƻbiae
;Z_dXkh]^0 Ǿǻ% ıfWdƻbiae, ǽǿ% Dƻc[Yae,
ǼǼ% ?jǴb_[, ȁ% IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, Ȁ% ılþYWhiae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
BedZþd0 Ǽ%
>Wij_d]i0 ǽǻ%
;Z_dXkh]^0 Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeboè0
lĶ[Y^dW Y[djhW cW`ǅ fheijehdƽ kǘ[Xdo, loXWl[dƽ feǘǅjWǘ_ i fĿ_fe`[dǅc dW _dj[hd[j W m_Ô,
akYôŦaW, jl cǅijdeij W pW^hWZW.
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW W eieXdǅ fĿǅijkf a[ ijkZ[djĘc, lĶ[Y^dW Y[djhW ìek kcǅijƻdǴ l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;79 BWd]kW][ IYêebi dWXǅpǅ ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do l fĿǅ`[cdƽc ijkZ_`dǅc fheijĿ[Zǅ, aZ[ fejaǴj[ ijkZ[djo p lǅY[ d[ô ǿȀ p[cǅ ilƻjW. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j. ıaebW `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ
8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W `[ ǘb[d[c ;d]b_i^ KA.
Beaȍb_jȍ
;79 BWd]kW][ IYêebi cǴ l 7d]b__ jĿ_ Y[djhW l >Wij_d]i, ;Z_dXkh]^k W fĿ[i bƽje ej[lǅhǴ Ķaebk l BedZþdƻ.
L >Wij_d]i iǅZbǅ ĶaebW l Y[djhk cƻijW. L ;Z_dXkh]^k cǴ Ķaebk l ]h[]eh_Ǵdiaƽ XkZelƻ dW Gk[[d Ijh[[j l
Y[djhk cƻijW. ıaebW l BedZþdƻ `[ l Xbǅpaeij_ ijWd_Y[ c[jhW BedZed 8h_Z][ W `[ j[Zo Xbǅpae lĶ[c fWcǴjaǴc.
DW ĶaebǴY^ ;79 BWd]kW][ IYêebi cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj eX[Ydek Wd]b_ǘj_dk =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ ȍ akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ dȍ YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao <9; ȍ 97;. ıaebW l BedZþdƻ `[ ej[lĿ[dǴ fekp[ l ǘ[hl[dY_ W ifhdk W lokǘk`[ fekp[ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ ȍ ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^. AWôZþ ijkZ[dj
pǅiaǴlǴ WkjecWj_Yao ǘb[dijlǅ l[ IjkZ[dj B[Whd_d] 9[djh[, aZ[ cǴ fĿǅijkf a lþkaelþc cWj[h_ǴbĘc W cĘô[
i[ lƻdelWj iWceijkZ_k. KXojelǴdǅ pW`_ĶĨk`[ ;79 Xkǈ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ ǘ_ ĶaebdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^
(Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - Ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
ǿ jþZdo
ȃ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, iZǅb[dþ feae`, febef[dp[
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, fbdǴ f[dp[
;Z_d. >ȍij. BedZþd*
ǼȂȀ
ǼǿȂ
ǽǻȀ
ǼȁȀ
ǼǾȂ
ǼȄȀ
ǼȀȀ
Ǽǽȁ
ǽǽǻ
ǼȃȄ
ǽǿȄ
ǽǼȀ
Ǽȃǿ
ǽǿȀ
ǽǼǻ
ǼȂȃ
ǼȂǿ
Ǽǿǿ
ǽǾȁ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǼǾ
ǽǼǾ
ǽǻȀ
ǽǻȀ
;Z_d. >ȍij. BedZþd
ǼǾǻ
ȄȄ
ǼȀȀ
Ǽǽǿ
ǽǿȂ
Ǿǿǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ.Ǽ., Ǽ.ǽ., Ǽ.Ǿ., ǽȄ.Ǿ.,
ǽȁ.ǿ., ǽǿ.Ȁ., ǿ.Ȃ.**,
ǽ.ȃ.**, Ǿǻ.ȃ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.,
ǽȀ.Ǽǻ., ǽǽ.ǼǼ.
ǼȀ.ǽ., ǼȂ.Ȁ., ȃ.ǼǼ.
Ǽȃ.Ǽ., ǼȄ.ǿ., ǼǼ.Ǽǻ.
ǽǽ.Ǿ., ǼǾ.Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F ǿȀ , pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;Z_dXkh]^ =8F ǾȄ / `[Zdk Y[ijk,
=bWi]em =8F ǼǼǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, >[Wj^hem =8F ǼǻȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, =Wjm_Ya =8F ȂȀ, IjWdij[Z =8F Ǽǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fĿǅfbȍjao0 akhpo l >Wij_d]i W ;Z_dXkh]^k b[jdǅ i[pŘdW =8F Ǿǻ / jþZ[d, êc[ijWo l ;Z_dXkh]^k b[jdǅ i[pŘdW =8F Ǽǻ / jþZ[d ,
b[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ.ȁ. - ǽȁ.ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ. ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* ıaebW l BedZþdƻ `[ ej[lĿ[dǴ fekp[ Xƻ^[c bƽjW (ǘ[hl[d[Y, ihf[d) **DǴijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo fhe BedZþd.
ǼǾ
B7B ;d]bȍdZ
JehXȍo, BedZþd, Jȍkjed, Jȍl_ijeYa, M_dY^[ij[h
D J M U
JehXWo0 ȁȃǻ / Ǿǻǻ
BedZþd0 ǼǾǻ / ȂȀ
ǼȀ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǼ - ǼȂ b[j (Ikcc[h IYêeb)
Ǽǽ - ǼȂ b[j (@kd_eh 9ekhi[)
ȃǼ% ;lhefW
ȁ% 7i_[
Ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ǽ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǼǼ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
JehXWo0 ǾǼ feêZbdþY^ kǘ[X[d, ijkZeldW
loXWl[dǴ feǘǅjWǘ_ i fĿǅijkf[c a _dj[hd[jk
pZWhcW, aWlǴhdW, ad_âkf[Yjlǅ, pW^hWZW,
fWj_e, m_Ô
BedZþd0 ǼǼ feêZbdþY^ kǘ[X[d, ?J kǘ[XdW i
m_Ô pZWhcW, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, fƻadǴ beaWb_jW, loieaǴ
alWb_jW, lþkaW l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_d. (`kd_eĿ_ ǿȀ c_d.)
ĖleZ
ıaebW l JehXWo XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃǿ. ıaebW B7B l BedZþdƻ XobW
ej[lĿ[dW l b[Zdk heak ǽǻǼǻ. EXƻ Ķaebo ìek iekǘǴijǅ c[p_dǴheZdǅ
lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[ B7B, ìek ǘb[d[c ;d]b_i^ KA W ìek Wah[Z_jelǴdƽ 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b. L Y[djh[Y^ JWkjed, JWl_ijeYa W M_dY^[ij[h cǴ
B7B ilǴ `kd_ehiaǴ Y[djhW, if[Y_Wb_pelWdǴ fhe lþkak `kd_ehĘ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
JehXȍo0
CeZ[hdǅ XkZelW Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ab_Zdƽ h[p_Z[dǘdǅ ǘjlhj_ FW_]djed.
L ZeiW^k ìek h[ijWkhWY[, eXYêZo W ahǴidƽ fbǴô[.
BedZþd0
IǅZbǅ l ceZ[hdǅ XkZelƻ l Jm_Ya[d^Wck, `[d ǽȀ c_dkj lbWa[c eZ Y[djhW BedZþdW. ıaebW a[ loXWl[dW ǼǼ feêZbdþc_ kǘ[XdWc_ i m_\_.
Jȍkjed, Jȍl_ijeYa, M_dY^[ij[h0
9[djhW fhe `kd_ehiaƽ akhpo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ dW `_êpǴfWZƻ 7d]b_[.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (Ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (Ǽȃ + Ȅ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ \eh 7YWZ[c_Y Fkhfei[i (Ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ \eh 7YWZ[c_Y Fkhfei[i (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[,
Waj_l_jo)
Ikcc[h IYêeb (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ/ jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d] (Ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
IjkZ[djiaǴ H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
H[p_Z[dY[ >kdj[hi BeZ][, iZǅb[dþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
H[p_Z[dY[ >kdj[hi BeZ][, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
Ikcc[h^_bb >ej[b, i[ idǅZWdǅ
B7B dWXǅpǅ fhlejĿǅZdǅ lþkak, aj[hǴ `[ aecX_dWYǅ jhWZ_ǘdǅY^ c[jeZ
W d[`delƻ`ĶǅY^ lokǘelWYǅY^ j[Y^d_a, fheXǅ^Ǵ l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^ l[
ifebkfhǴY_ i alWb_ÔaelWdþc_ b[ajeho. @Z[ e abWi_Yaƽ akhpo `Wae =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ (Ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) ǘ_ ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d).
L[baþ pǴ`[c `[ jWaƽ e fĿǅfhWlk dW YWcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao <9;, 97;,
9F; (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d). L dWXǅZY[ Ķaebo ìek akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[ J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]. LĶ[Y^do akhpo ìek Zefbdƻdƽ e l[baþ lþXƻh Waj_l_j
W [nakhpǅ fhe lĶ[Y^do lƻaelƽ iakf_do. KXojelǴdǅ `[ ceôdƽ pW`_ij_j
l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ l `[ZdebĘôaelþY^ d[Xe ZlekbĘôaelþY^ feae`ǅY^ i febef[dpǅ d[Xe l h[p_Z[dYǅY^ i lbWijdǅc ijhWlelǴdǅc. C[p_
l[bc_ eXbǅX[dƽ akhpo fhe cbǴZ[ô fWjĿǅ @kd_eh 9ekhi[, Yeô `[ =[d[hWb
;d]b_i^ e _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d ZefbdƻdǴ e Waj_l_jo W kXojelǴdǅ
i fbdek f[dpǅ. Joje akhpo ìek fhe pǴ`[cY[ l[ lƻak eZ Ǽǽ Ze ǼȂ b[j.
KXojelǴdǅ `[ Xkǈ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe l h[p_Z[dYǅY^. E
ijkZ[djo `[ ZeXĿ[ feijWhǴde eZ Y^lǅb[, aZo fĿ_ijWdek dW b[j_Ķj_ Wô Ze
eaWcô_ak dǴlhWjk pfƻj Ze ǓH. :WbĶǅ ceôdeijǅ fhe cbWZĶǅ ijkZ[djo `[
b[jdǅ ĶaebW Ikcc[h IYêeb (akhp e _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, Z[ddǅ
Waj_l_jo, kXojelǴdǅ i fbdek f[dpǅ). Ikcc[h IYêeb `[ fhe ijkZ[djo l[
lƻak eZ ǼǼ Ze ǼȂ b[j. KXojelǴdǅ `[ pW`_Ķjƻde l h[p_Z[dYǅY^ W je Xkǈ l
JWkjedk, JWl_ijeYak fĿǅfWZdƻ l[ M_dY^[ijhk .
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
BedZþd
JehXȍo
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǼȃȀ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǽȀ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǼȀ
ǽȁȀ
ǼǿȀ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼǾȀ
ǼȃȀ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǽȀ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ȃ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǿȀ
ǽǼǻ
ȃ j.0 ǼǼ. Ǽ., ǼȄ. ǿ., ǼǼ. ǼǼ.,
Ǽǽ j.0 ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
-
Ǽǿǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǿ. Ǽ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽȂ. Ȅ.
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
-
ǿǿǻ
ǼǾ.ȁ. - ǽȄ.ȃ.
ǽ jþZdo
ȁȂȀ
ȀȂȀ
Ȃ.Ȃ., ǽǼ.Ȃ., ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǿ.ȃ., ǼǼ.ȃ.
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǼȄȀ
BedZþd
JehXȍo
dǅpaȏ i.
loieaȏ i.
dǅpaȏ i.
loieaȏ i.
ǼǿȂ
ǼȁǼ
ǼǻȀ
ǼǼȄ
ǼȁǼ
ǼȂȀ
ǼǼȄ
ǼǾǾ
ǼȀǿ
Ǽȁȃ
Ȅȃ
Ǽǽȁ
ǼǼǽ
Ǽǿǻ
ǾǼȀ
ǾǿǾ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F Ǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 BedZþd eZ =8F ȀȀ - ǼǼȀ, JehXȍo eZ =8F ȄȀ - ǽǼǻ, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 lþkaW loieaǴ
i[pŘdW0 BedZþd =8F ǼȀ / jþZ[d, JehXWo =8F Ȁǻ / jþZ[d (d[fbWjǅ fhe akhpo jhlW`ǅYǅ Zƽb[ d[ô ǽǿ jþZdĘ).
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 BedZþd0ǿ. Ȃ. Æ ǽȄ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, JehXWo0 ǼǾ. ȁ. - ǽȄ.ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 BedZþd Ǽ. Ǽ. Æ Ǿ. Ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǿǻ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, JehXWo Ǽ. Ǽ. - Ǽǽ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǿǻ. ȃ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
Ǽǿ
;khef[ȍd 9[djh[
BedZþd, 8h_]^jed, 9ȍcXh_Z][
DȏĶ j_f!
D J M
S
BedZþd0
ǿǼǻ / ǽǼǻ
8h_]^jed0
Ǿǽǻ / ǼȄǻ
9ȍcXh_Z][0
ǽǻǻ / Ǽǿǻ
BedZþd0
Ǽǽ / ȃ
8h_]^jed0
Ǽǽ / ǼǼ
9ȍcXh_Z][0
Ǽǿ / ǼǼ
C_d_ =hekf0
ȁ/ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȃ b[j (Ǽȁ b[j c_ce i[pŘdk)
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǾ -ǼȂ b[j
BedZþd0 ǼǾ% Aeh[W, Ǽǽ% ?jǴb_[, Ǽǻ% Jkh[Yae, ȃ% AebkcX_[, ȃ% ıfWdƻbiae
8h_]^jed0 Ǽȁ% Aeh[W, Ȅ% ıfWdƻbiae, ȃ%
<hWdY_[, ȃ% Jkh[Yae, Ȃ% ılþYWhiae
9ȍcXh_Z][0 Ǽǽ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ȅ% ?jǴb_[, Ȃ%
IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, Ȃ% Aeh[W, ȁ% ılþYWhiae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, feǘǅjWǘelƽ Y[djhkc i _dj[hd[j[c, m_Ô, ad_êldW, aWlǴhdW
(`[d BedZþd W 8h_]^jed)
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
beaWb_jo, alWb_jW, fĿǅ`[cdǴ W fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, eieXdǅ fĿǅijkf, Õ[n_X_b_jW, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
;khef[Wd 9[djh[ (;9) `[ `[ZdW p d[`kpdǴlWdƻ`ĶǅY^ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb l[ L[baƽ
8h_jǴd__. CWbþ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ iakf_dǴY^ pW`_ĶĨk`[ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fĿǅijkf W hoY^bƽ pb[fĶ[dǅ Ġheldƻ Wd]b_ǘj_do. AWôZǴ ĶaebW ;9 cǴ ǽǿ-êZ_delek >[bf B_d[. PW
alWb_jk ;9 cbklǅ \_h[cdǅ ab_[dj_ `Wae ìek0 7;=, 9h[Z_j Ik_ii[, Dea_W, LeZW\ed[,
:W_cb[h 9^hoib[h, F_h[bb_, DelWhj_i W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ ifeb[ǘdeijǅ d[cƽdƻ plkǘdþY^ `c[d. ıaebo ;9 ìek Wah[Z_jelǴdo 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W ǘb[do ;d]b_i^ KA.
Beaȍb_jȍ
BedZþd
;9 l BedZþdƻ `[ l ab_Zdƽ kb_Y_ fĿǅce l Y[djhk 9el[dj =WhZ[d. L Xbǅpaeij_
`[ ^d[Z dƻaeb_a ijWd_Y c[jhW, cdeê jkh_ij_YaþY^ WjhWaYǅ, ckp[ǅ, Z_lWZ[b
W eXYêZĘ.
8h_]^jed
ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l[ jĿ[Y^ ][eh]_ǴdiaþY^ XkZelǴY^ d[ZWb[ae eXbǴpaelƽ fbǴô[, aZ[ lƻjĶ_dW ijkZ[djĘ jhǴlǅ fĿ[ijǴlao. A HeoWb FWl_b_ed W 8h_]^jed F_[h
Ze`Z[j[ pW Ǽǻ c_dkj.
9ȍcXh_Z][
ıaebW XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃǾ. DWY^Ǵpǅ i[ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽ XkZelƻ p heak
Ǽȃǽǻ kcǅijƻdƽ l Y[djhk cƻijW. DW dǴcƻijǅ CWha[j IgkWh[ `[ je cƽdƻ d[ô
Ǽǻǻ c[jhĘ, a[ A_d]¡i 9ebb[][ 9^Wf[b Ǿ c_dkjo. CWbǴ ĶaebW i fĿǴj[biaek Wjcei\ƽhek dWXǅpǅ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc.
ıaebW dWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ. IjkZelWj pZ[ cĘô[j[0 =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ C_d_]hekf lêZdþ fhe jo,
aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ l ahǴjaƽ ZeXƻ ZeiǴ^dekj l[baƽê feaheak l eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_dƻ,
fĿǅfhWldƽ akhpo dW YWcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao <9;, 97;, 9F;, ?;BJI ȍ JE;<B.
D[`_dj[dp_ldƻ`Ķǅ \ehck ijkZ_W eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do dWXǅpǅ akhp <kbb ?cc[hii_ed, aZo WXieblk`[j[ ǿǻ b[aYǅ Ed[ je ed[ W ZǴb[ ijhǴlǅj[ ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d Waj_l_jWc_ i[ ilþc b[ajeh[c.
C[p_ if[Y_Wb_peldWƽ akhpo fWjĿǅ I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (fhe Zeifƻbƽ ijkZ[djo ijWhĶǅ Ȁǻ b[j, akhp `[ Zefbdƻd
e Waj_l_jo W akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc), akhpo fhe cbǴZ[ô jpl. b[jdǅ `kd_ehiaƽ akhpo @kd_eh 9ekhi[ l BedZþdƻ,
9WcXh_Z][ W l 8h_]^jedk. Joje akhpo ìek fhe cbǴZ[ô eZ ǼǾ Ze ǼȂ b[j W dWXǅpǅ f[h\[ajdǅ fĿǅb[ô_jeij
`Wa paecX_delWj ijkZ_kc `WpoaW i Xe^Wjþc ZefheleZdþc fhe]hWc[c Waj_l_j. 7Ĩ kô `Z[ e fbWlXk dW
beǈY[ fe Ŀ[Y[ l 9WcXh_Z][, dǴakfo ǘ_ [nakhp[ Ze BedZþdW W dW `_dǴ pW`ǅcWlǴ cǅijW 7d]b_[. LĶ[Y^do
ZefheleZdƽ Waj_l_jo ìek feĿǴZWdo feZ Ze^b[Z[c pakĶ[dþY^ kǘ_j[bĘ. KXojelǴdǅ `[ l Y[dƻ akhpk W
`[ Xkǈ l êc[ijWo d[Xe l h[p_Z[dY_.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97;, 9F; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii C_d_]hekf (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?;BJI, JE;<B (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) *
<kbb ?cc[hi_ed (ǿǻ + ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo i fbdek
f[dpǅ, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[p_Z[dY[ i fbdek
f[dpǅ, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), Waj_l_jo)
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
BedZþd
9ȍcXh_Z][
8h_]^jed
ǽ Æ Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽ Æ Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ , ǼǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ , ǼǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽ Æ ǽ jþZdo
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
ǼȄȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǽȀǻ
ǽǼǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǼǻ
ǿǻǻ
ǽȂȀ
ǿȂǻ
ǽǾȀǻ
ǼȃȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǼȄȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȄȀ
ǽȁǿ
ǿǽǻ
ǽǽȀǻ
ǼȃȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǼȄȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȄȀ
ǾȀǻ
ǽȁǿ
ǿǽǻ
ǽǽȀǻ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǿǿǻ
ǿȄȀ
ǿȄȀ
BedZþd0 ǼǼ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǽȀ.Ȃ.,
Ǽ.ȃ., ȃ.ȃ., ǼȀ.ȃ., ǽȃ.ȃ.
9WcXh_Z][0 ǽǻ.ȁ, ǽȂ.ȁ., ǿ.ȃ.,
ǼǼ.ȃ., Ǽȃ.ȃ., ǽǼ.ȃ., 8h_]^jed0 ǽȂ.ȁ.,
ǿ.ȃ., ǼǼ.ȃ., Ǽȃ.ȃ., ǽǼ.ȃ., ǽȃ.ȃ.
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
-
ȁǽȀ
ȀǽȀ
ǿ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ., ǽȀ.Ȃ., Ǽ.ȃ., ȃ.ȃ. Ǽǿ.ȃ.
ǽ jþZdo
-
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, (BedZþd pŘdo Ǽ - ǽ)
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, (BedZþd pŘdo Ǿ - ǿ)
Ikf[h_eh >ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i lbWijdǅ aekf[bdek, febef[dp[
;Yedeco H[i_Z[dY[, Zlek / jĿǅbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW, (BedZþd pŘdW ǽ)
;Yedeco H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW, (BedZþd pŘdW ǽ)
IjWdZWhZ H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, (BedZþd pŘdW Ǿ)
Ikf[h_eh H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW (BedZþd pŘdW Ǽ)
ǾȄȃ
BedZþd 9ȍcXh_Z][ 8h_]^jed
ǼȄȀ
ǼǾǽ
ǼǽȂ
ǼȀȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǼȄȀ
ǽǼǻ
Ǽǽȁ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǼȄ
ǼȂǽ
ǼȀǿ
ǼȂȀ
Ǽȃǽ
ǽǻǾ
ǼȁȄ
ǼȄȁ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǽǻ.Ȁ., ǼǾ.Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F ǿǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F Ǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 eZ =8F ȁȀ Ze =8F ǽǻȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, i[pŘddǅ
fĿǅfbȍjao0 akhpo - fĿǅfbWj[a =F: Ǿǻ / jþZ[d l[ loieaƽ i[pŘdƻ, kXojelǴdǅ0 =8F ǽǼ / jþZ[d (fekp[ êc[ijWo l 8h_]^jedk W 9WcXh_Z][). 9[dȍ akhpk pȍ^hdk`[0 kǘ[Xd_Y[ W lþkaelƽ cWj[h_Ǵbo,
ZefbŦaelƽ Wd]b_Yaƽ Waj_l_jo W mehaiêfo, klǅjWYǅ Waj_l_jo W fĿǅijkf dW _dj[hd[j.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽǻ. ȁ. - Ǽȃ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. - ǼȄ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǼȄ. Ȅ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ - Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* JE;<B0 fekp[ BedZþd W 8h_]^jed, L 9WcXh_Z][ dǴijkf aWôZƽ fhldǅ fedZƻbǅ. L 8h_]jedk dǴijkf ?;BJI0 ǿ.Ǽ., Ǽ.Ǿ., ǽȁ.ǿ., ǽǼ.ȁ., Ǽȁ.ȃ., ǼǼ.Ǽǻ., JE;<B0 Ǽ.ǽ., ǽȄ.Ǿ., ǽǿ.Ȁ., ǼȄ.ȁ., ǼǾ.Ȅ. W ȃ.ǼǼ.ǽǻǼǻ.
ǼȀ
;cXȍiio 9;I
BedZþd, En\ehZ, 9ȍcXh_Z][, 8h_]^jed, >ȍij_d]i
D J M
BedZþd0
ǿǻǻ / ǽǽȀ
En\ehZ0
ǾȀǻ / Ǽȃǻ
9WcXh_Z][0
ǾȀǻ / ǼȀǻ
8h_]^jed0
ǿǻǻ / Ǽȃǻ
>Wij_d]i0
ǽǻǻ / Ǽȁǻ
=;,8; 9ȍcXh_Z][
BedZþd
ǼȀ / ǼǾ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǽ
En\ehZ
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǻ
9WcXh_Z][
ǼȀ / ǼǾ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǽ
8h_]^jed
ǼȀ / ǼȀ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǽ
>Wij_d]i
ǼȀ / Ǽǿ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǿ - Ǽȃ b[j
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
BedZþd0 ad_êldW, aWlǴhdW W ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ
cǅijdeij, ad_âkf[Yjlǅ, h[p_Z[dY[ dW Ġp[cǅ
Ķaebo, m_Ô
En\ehZ0 ad_êldW W ijkZeldW, lƻZ[YaǴ bWXehWjeĿ, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij i JL, :L:,
l_Z[[c, m_Ô
9ȍcXh_Z][0 ǽ ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[Xdo, aWlǴhdW, ad_êldW, m_Ô
8h_]^jed0 ǿ ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ W feǘǅjWǘelƽ
cǅijdeij_, fheijehdǴ ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij,
aWlǴhdW, m_Ô
>ȍij_d]i0 ǽ ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhW, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij, aWlǴhdW, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fh[ij_ôdǅ W Y[beilƻjelƻ kpdǴlWdǴ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ
eh]Wd_pWY[, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ W pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ,
ceZ[hdǅ W fheijehdƽ kǘ[Xdo, ialƻbƽ loXWl[dǅ, fĿǅ`[cdǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc
ifehjeldǅY^ W akbjkhdǅY^ Waj_l_j
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_dkj
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
ĖleZ
;cXWiio 9;I `[ ǘb[d[c eh]Wd_pWY[ IjkZo =hekf ?dj[hdWj_edWb, eh]Wd_pWY[ iZhkôk`ǅYǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[ l eXbWij_ lþkao `WpoaĘ, eZXehdþY^
akhpĘ, ijĿ[ZeĶaebiaƽê W kd_l[hp_jdǅê ijkZ_W fe Y[bƽc ilƻjƻ. ;cXWiio
9;I pW`_ĶĨk`[ lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do l ǼȄ Z[ij_dWYǅY^ l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__, KI7,
7kijhǴb__ W dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk. AWôZǴ ĶaebW eh]Wd_pk`[ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ
W ifehjeldǅ fhe]hWc ifebk i aecfb[ndǅ dWXǅZaek akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ.
IjkZ[dj_ ìek ifeae`[d_ d[`[d i lþkaek, Wb[ jWaƽ i fhe\[i_edǴbdǅ fƽǘ_,
aj[hek `_c l[ ĶaebǴY^ ;cXWiio 9;I lƻdk`ǅ. Ahecƻ WaWZ[c_Yaƽê fehWZY[ pZ[ cW`ǅ ijkZ[dj_ a Z_ifep_Y_ ǽǿ êZ_delek >[bf B_d[. ;cXWiio
9;I l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ 8h_j_i^ 9ekdY_b W `[ ǘb[d[c ;d]b_i^ KA. L heY[ ǽǻǻȂ ;cXWiio 9;I pǅiaWbW eZ ǘWief_ik BWd]kW][
JhWl[b CW]Wp_d[ Y[dk pW d[`b[fĶǅ Ķaebk l aWj[]eh__ Ŀ[jƻpYĘ Ķaeb.
Beaȍb_jȍ
LĶ[Y^do Ķaebo ;cXWiio 9;I ìek l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij, p[ aj[hþY^ i[ b[^Y[
ZefhWlǅj[ aWcaeb_l, W i[ idWZdþc fĿǅijkf[c a eXYêZĘc, h[ijWkhWYǅc W Y[djhĘc pǴXWlo. L[ lĶ[Y^ ĶaebǴY^ `[ X[pZhǴjelƽ fĿ_fe`[dǅ
a _dj[hd[jk, jWaô[ ijkZ[dj_ cW`ǅ fĿǅijkf a[ ifekijƻ edb_d[ lþkaelþY^
fhe]hWcĘ.
IjkZ_kc dW Ķaeb[ ;cXWiio 9;I `[ [\[aj_ldǅ, b[aY[ ìek hepcWd_jƽ,
ZodWc_Yaƽ W kǘ_j[bƽ cW`ǅ ahecƻ alWb_ÔaWY[ jWaƽ ifekijk pakĶ[deijǅ
i lþkaek Wd]b_ǘj_do. DW lĶ[Y^ ĶaebǴY^ cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ d[Xe ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^. DW YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao (ǻȁ b[aYǅ /
jþZ[d) lǴi fĿ_fhWlǅ l BedZþdƻ (<9;), 8h_]^jedk (<9;, 97;), En\ehZk
W 9WcXh_Z][ (<9;, 97;, 9F;), fĿǅfhȍlȍ dȍ paekĶao ?;BJI fheXǅ^Ǵ
l BedZþdƻ, En\ehZk W 9WcXh_Z][, akhpo 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ cĘô[j[
ijkZelWj l BedZþdƻ W 8h_]^jedk. L fĿǅfWZƻ, ô[ Y^Y[j[ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ ijhǴl_j WaWZ[c_Yaþ hea, dW ;cXWiio 9;I bp[ ijkZelWj Wd]b_ǘj_dk W if[Y_Wb_pelWdƽ fĿ[Zcƻjo Zb[ lþXƻhk pW d[`b[fĶǅ ceôdek Y[dk. @Z[ e fhe]hWco
7YȍZ[c_Y O[ȍh - WaWZ[c_Yaþ hea (ǾǾ jþZdĘ) d[Xe 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h
- WaWZ[c_Yaþ i[c[ijh (ǽǽ jþZdĘ). Akhpo dWXǅp[`ǅ fhe]h[i_ldǅ ijkZ_kc
Wd]b_ǘj_do l _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + ȃ leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ, Yeô ceêk
Xþj dWfĿ.0 9kbjkh[ WdZ IeY_[jo, <_bc IjkZ_[i, C[Z_W IjkZ_[i, ?;BJI Fh[fWhWj_ed, H[i[WhY^ WdZ Fh[i[djWj_ed Ia_bbi, 8ki_d[ii 9ecckd_YWj_ed,
Kd_l[hi_jo IjkZ_[i WjZ. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe l h[p_Z[dYǅY^. 8ƻ^[c bƽjW dWXǅpǅ ĶaebW ;cXWiio 9;I akhpo
fhe `kd_eho Ikcc[h IYêeb. IjkZ[dj_ i[ jWa dWkǘǅ `Wpoa W pǴhel[Ŧ
fepdW`ǅ 7d]b__, d[XeĨ l hǴcY_ akhpk ìek _ Waj_l_jo lǘ[jdƻ [nakhpǅ W lþb[jĘ Ze pdǴcþY^ cǅij. E fhe]hWc ijkZ[djĘ i[ ijWhW`ǅ Xƻ^[c Y[bƽê Zd[
pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ. L Y[dƻ fhe]hWck Ikcc[h IYêeb `[ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do,
kXojelǴdǅ l êc[ijWo ǘ_ h[p_Z[dY_ i fbdek f[dpǅ W Waj_l_jo.
:ƽbaȍ
8h_]^jed En\ehZ 9ȍcXh_Z][
Ǽȃȃ
Ǽȃȃ
Ǽȃȃ
ǼȂǾ
ǼȂǾ
ǼȂǾ
ǼȁȀ
ǼȁȀ
ǼȁȀ
ǽȀȁ
ǽȀȁ
ǽȀȁ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǿȃ
ǽȂȁ
ǽȂȁ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ Æ ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ Æ ǼȄ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ Æ ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
BedZþd
Ǽȃȃ
ǼȂǾ
ǼȁȀ
ǽȀȁ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽȂȁ
?;BJI (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ, Ǽǻ jþZdĘ
ǾǻǼ
-
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h IYêeb *
Ikcc[h IYêeb **
ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǾǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽ- ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǼȁȀ
ǼȀȁ
ȀȄȀ
ǼȀȂ
ǼȀǻ
ȀǾǻ
ȁȁȀ
?;, 8; (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW ***
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW ***
BedZþd
ǼȀǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȄȃ
ǽǾǼ
ǽȂȁ
ǽȂȁ
ǼȁȀ
ǼȁȀ
ǼȀȁ
ǼȀȁ
ȀǼǻ
Ȁǽǽ
ȀȂǻ
ȁǻǻ
8h_]^jed En\ehZ 9ȍcXh_Z][
Ǽǻȃ
Ǽǽȃ
Ǽǽȃ
ǼǾǽ
ǼȀǽ
ǼȀǽ
ǽȀȄ
ǼȂǽ
Ǿǻȃ
ǽǽǼ
Ǽȁȁ
>ȍij_d]i
ǼȂǽ
Ǽȁǽ
Ǽǿȃ
ǽǽȂ
ǽǼǾ
ǼȃȀ
ǿȃǻ
>ȍij_d]i
ȄǾ
ǼǼǾ
-
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ . Ȅ.
BedZþd0 ǿj.0aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
En\ehZ0 Ǽǻj.0 ȁ.ǿ., Ȁ.Ȃ.
9WcXh_Z][0 Ǽǻj.0 ǿ.Ǽ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
ǿ.Ǽ., Ȁ.ǿ., Ȁ.Ȃ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
ǽȂ.ȁ., ǿ.Ȃ., ǼǼ.Ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ȃ.,
ǽȀ.Ȃ., Ǽ.ȃ., ȃ.ȃ., ǼȀ.ȃ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 =8F ȃǼ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 =8F ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 =8F ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 eZ =8F ȁȄ Ze ǼȄǿ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9;, 97;, 9F;, ?;BJI0 =8F ǼǼȄ,
i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 h[p_Z[dY[ - loieaǴ i[pŘdW0 =8F ǽȁ / jþZ[d, êc[ijWo - loieaǴ i[pŘdW =8F ǽǼ / jþZ[d, heec h[j[dj_ed \[[0 êc[ijWo =8F Ȁǻ, h[p_Z[dY[ =8F Ǽǻǻ.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ. ȁ. Æ Ǽǿ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǽȀ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǼȀ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
* L Y[dƻ fhe]hWck `[ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do, Waj_l_jo W kXojelǴdǅ l êc[ijWo i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe `kd_eho l[ lƻak Ǽǿ - Ǽȃ b[j. ** L Y[dƻ fhe]hWck `[ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do, Waj_l_jo W kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe `kd_eho l[ lƻak Ǽȁ - Ǽȃ b[j.*** L 8h_]^jedk `[ l Y[dƻ febef[dp[.
Ǽȁ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l ?hiak
?hiae
:kXb_d
■ EZ`[ǈj[ pW ijkZ_[c Wd]b_ǘj_do Ze ?hiaW, p[b[dƽê eijhelW i dǴZ^[hdek fĿǅheZek W Xe^Wjek akbjkhek.
■ Fepd[`j[ cǅijdǅ eXolWj[b[, ^hZƽ dW ilĘ` a[bjiaþ fĘleZ W
pW`Zƻj[ i_ Ze jhWZ_ǘdǅ _hiaƽ êifĘZao.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ :kXb_d.
>bWldǅ cƻije ?hiaW i c_b_ed[c eXolWj[b lopWĿk`[ plbǴĶjdǅ W jW`[cdek
Wjcei\ƽhk, `[ je cƻije fbdƽ êifĘZ[a W pǴhel[Ŧ cƻije kcƻdǅ W akbjkho, aZ[ ô_`ǅ l[bc_ ej[lĿ[dǅ W ZeXheihZ[ǘdǅ b_Zƽ.
9eha
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c ;KH Ǿǻǻ / jþZ[d.
■ Cƻdek `[ [khe. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ
Xob ǽȁ,ȃǿ Aǘ / Ǽ ;KH.
■ Fhe eXǘWdo ;K d[dǅ fĿ_ lijkfk Ze p[cƻ lǅpelǴ fel_ddeij. ?hiae d[kfbWjŦk`[ ôǴZdǴ ec[p[dǅ fĿǅijkfk dW jh^
fhǴY[ fhe eXǘWdo Ǔ[iaƽ h[fkXb_ao. Fhe pǅiaǴdǅ fhǴY[ l
?hiak j[Zo d[XkZ[j[ fejĿ[XelWj fhWYeldǅ feleb[dǅ.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao l ?hiak0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǼȂ. Ǿ., Ǽǻ. ǿ., ǼǾ. ǿ., ǿ. Ȁ., Ǽ.
ȁ., Ǿ. ȃ., ǽȀ. Ǽǻ., ǽȀ. Ǽǽ., ǽȁ. Ǽǽ.
:hk^ƽ d[`lƻjĶǅ cƻije ?hiaW i fefkbWYǅ ǼȂǻ ǻǻǻ eXolWj[b. B[ôǅ dW
`_êpǴfWZƻ ?hiaW dW Ŀ[Y[ B[[. @[ je
kd_l[hp_jdǅ cƻije i Xe^Wjþc WhY^[ebe]_Yaþc, akbjkhdǅc W kcƻb[Yaþc ZƻZ_Yjlǅc. @[ pZ[ Z_lWZbe, ef[hW, cdeê ckp[ǅ
W jWaƽ cdeê cWb[XdþY^ êifĘZ[a i ǘWijþc_ aedY[hjo
jhWZ_ǘdǅ _hiaƽ b_Zelƽ ^kZXo.
=ȍbmȍo
JĿ[jǅ d[`lƻjĶǅ _hiaƽ cƻije i fefkbWYǅ eaebe Ȃǻ ǻǻǻ eXolWj[b,
b[ôǅ dW pǴfWZdǅc feXĿ[ôǅ dW Ŀ[Y[ 9ehh_X. @[ je kd_l[hp_jdǅ
cƻije i Xe^Wjþc akbjkhdǅc W fĿǅheZdǅc ZƻZ_Yjlǅc, Zǅao
aj[hƽck `[ dWpþlǴde Ù8[dǴjao PǴfWZkÈ.
;d]b_i^ _d :kXb_d
:kXb_d
D
ȁȀǻ / Ȁǻǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
ǾȀ% ;lhefW
ǽȀ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǽǻ% 7i_[
ǽǻ% EijWjdǅ
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
fheijehdƽ W ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j,
ad_êldW, akYôŦaW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Zbekêb[jǴ jhWZ_Y[, beaWb_jW Ķaebo l Y[djhk
:kXb_dk, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j Xƻ^[c Y[bƽê heak, Y[dW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_dkj
ĖleZ
;d]b_i^ _d :kXb_d XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃȁ, `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ ?h_i^ :[fWhjc[dj e\ ;ZkYWj_ed WdZ IY_[dY[ W pW ZeXk ilƽê fĘieX[dǅ i_ l eXehk lþkao Wd]b_ǘj_do loXkZelWbW l[b_Y[
ZeXhƽ `cƽde W fĿ_lǅjWbW ijkZ[djo p lǅY[ `Wa ǿǻ p[cǅ ilƻjW.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW iǅZbǅ l Y[djhk :kXb_dk l ]h[]eh_Ǵdiaƽ XkZelƻ dW C[hh_ed IgkWh[. FWcǴjao `Wae
Jh_d_jo 9ebb[][ ǘ_ DǴheZdǅ ^_ijeh_Yaƽ ckp[kc ìek ZeibelW pW he^[c. ıaebW `[ loXWl[dǴ
fheijehdþc_ W ilƻjbþc_ kǘ[XdWc_ i ceZ[hdǅc loXWl[dǅc. IWcepĿ[`ceijǅ `[ jWaƽ feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j. IjkZ[dj_ ceêk jWaƽ lokôǅj ad_êldo W fĘ`ǘ_j i_
kǘ[Xd_Y[ ǘ_ ZlZ.
ıaebW ;d]b_i^ _d :kXb_d dWXǅpǅ lþkak eX[Ydƽ Wd]b_ǘj_do =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ l dƻaeb_aW ĠheldǅY^ eZ pWǘǴj[ǘdǅak fe l[bc_ feaheǘ_bƽ. IWcepĿ[`ceijǅ ìek jWaƽ akhpo eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^. L dWXǅZY[
ìek jWaƽ l[bc_ fefkbǴhdǅ akhpo fĿ_fhWlk`ǅYǅ dW YWcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao <9;, 97; ȍ ?;BJI. KXojelǴdǅ
pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW l f[ǘb_lƻ loXǅhWdþY^ êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) ǽ - ǿȃ jþZdĘ
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽǼ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ
<9;, 97;, ?;BJI (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d l ;KH
Ǽǻǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǼȀǻ
Ǽǽǻ
LoieaǴ i[pŘdW DǅpaǴ i[pŘdW
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȂǻ
ǼȄǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ.,
ǼǾ. Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ , fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH Ȁǻ , kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 :kXb_d ;KH Ǽǻǻ.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǘ[hl[d[Y W ihf[d, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 pǴĿǅ Wô ǘ[hl[d, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǻȄ Æ Ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǼȂ
Aȍfbȍd ?dj[hdȍj_edȍb 9ebb[][i
:kXb_d
D M
ǽȀǻ / ǼȀǻ
ǼȀ / ǼǾ
ĖleZ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i `[ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[, aj[hǴ i[ pWXþlǴ lþkaek `WpoaĘ `_ô
Ȃǻ b[j. ıaebW l ?hiak `[ Wah[Z_jelǴdW C;?tH;BI7 W 79;BI.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i l :kXb_dk i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW l WjhWaj_ldǅ ǘjlhj_ J[cfb[
8Wh l[ ijWhƽ ]h[]eh_Ǵdiaƽ XkZelƻ i lþ^b[Z[c dW Ŀ[ak B_[o.
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaƽ if[ajhkc `WpoaelþY^ akhpĘ W fhe]hWcĘ. @[ZdǴ i[ e akhpo
eX[Ydƽ Wd]b_ǘj_do l dƻaeb_aW _dj[dp_jǴY^0 LȍYȍj_ed ;d]b_i^, =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ ȍ ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, akhpo
fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a[ paekĶaȏc <9; ȍ ?;BJI, ZbekêZeXƽ akhpo 7YȍZ[c_Y O[ȍh (7O), 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h
(7I) ȍ ijkZ_`dƻ fhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco EFKI. Fhe cWdWô[ho ìek lêZdƽ akhpo 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ d[Xe
Ed[ je ed[. LǅY[ Z[jW_bdǅY^ _d\ehcWYǅ e akhp[Y^ dW`Z[j[ k Ķaebo AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i KA dW
ijhWdƻ Ǽǻ.
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ȁǻ% ;lhefW
ǽǻ % @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǼȀ% 7i_[
Ȁ% EijWjdǅ
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo
Ǽǽ kǘ[X[d, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[XdW, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, ad_êldW,
ijkZeldW, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Y[beilƻjelǴ eh]Wd_pWY[, beaWb_jW, lþXehdǴ
alWb_jW, dǴheZdeijdǅ ibeô[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ
:ƽbaȍ
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8; (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
<9; (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǼȀ
?;BJI (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ȁ, Ǽǻ jþZdĘ
ǽǼȀ
7I, EFKI Ȁ (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7I, EFKI Ȁ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7O, EFKI Ȅ (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7O, EFKI Ȅ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
ǼȁȀ
ǼȃȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdW Ǽ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW, febef[dp[
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdW ǽ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[, pŘdW ǽ
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
ǼȀȃ
ǼȃȀ
ǼǾȁ
ǼȀǼ
Ȃǻǻ
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
ǼȄȀ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ.,
ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
Ǽǻj.0 ǿ. Ǽ., Ǽǽ. ǿ.,
ǽǼ. ȁ., ǽȁ. Ȃ., ǽȂ. Ȅ.,
Ȁj.0 ǾǼ. Ȁ., Ȁ. Ȃ.
ǿ. Ǽ.*, ǽǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ.*, ǽǼ.
ȁ.*, ǽȂ. Ȅ.*, Ǽȃ. Ǽǻ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǽǿȀ
ǼǾȀ
ǼȂǻ
ǽǻȀ
ǽǼȀ
aWôZek ieXejk
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ȃȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kXojelȏdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_0 ;KH ǽǻǻ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j), kǘ[Xd_Y[0
;KH ǾȀ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j), k 9WcXh_ZiaþY^ akhpĘ ;KH Ǿǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ȃǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ
paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[. I[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 >ec[ijWo b[jdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a ;KH Ǿǻ / jþZ[d, H[p_Z[dY[ b[jdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a ;KH
Ǽǻ / jþZ[d, >ec[ijWo lǴdeǘdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a ;KH ȁǻ / jþZ[d, if[Y_Ǵbdǅ Z_[jW ;KH Ȁǻ / jþZ[d. B[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ. ȁ. - ǽȃ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ,
LȏdeY[0 ǽǿ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* DǴijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo dW 7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh / EFKI Ȅ.
9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i
:kXb_d
D J M U
ǿȀǻ / ǽǽǻ
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^0
Ǽǿ / Ǽǻ
9WcXh_Z][0
Ǽǿ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǿ - ǼȂ b[j
Ȁǻ% ;lhefW (?jǴb_[, ıfWdƻbiae)
Ǿǻ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae, Aeh[W)
ǽǻ % @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ȁ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo
ǽȀ kǘ[X[d, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c a _dj[hd[jk, m_Ô , l_Z[e cǅijdeij,
ad_êldW, aWlǴhdW i fbWpcelek JL, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij, ijĿ[Ķdǅ pW^hWZW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
jhWZ_Y[, alWb_jW, kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaebo l Y[djhk, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ W pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc
c_ceĶaebdǅY^ Waj_l_j, ceZ[hdǅ loXWl[dǅ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȀȀ c_d.
DȏĶ j_f!
ĖleZ
9[djh[ e\ ;d]b_i^ IjkZ_[i XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȂȁ W pW lǅY[ d[ô Ǿǻ b[j i[ lofhWYelWbW c[p_
d[`fh[ij_ôdƻ`Ķǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo l[ L[baƽ 8h_jǴd__ W ?hiak. DWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk akhpĘ l fĿǴj[biaƽ W eieXdǅ Wjcei\ƽĿ[. 9;I `[ ǘb[d[c C;?tH;BI7 , ;7GK7BI, 7BJE W 79;BI.
Beaȍb_jȍ
9;I i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk :kXb_dk dW ij[`dƽ kb_Y_ `Wae Jh_d_jo 9ebb[][ W :kXb_d 9Wijb[. ıaebW
cǴ Zlƻ XkZelo lpZǴb[dƽ eZ i[X[ `[d fek^ƽ Zlƻ c_dkjo Y^Ęp[. EXƻ XkZelo ìek delƻ ph[delelWdƽ W dWXǅpǅ fhe ijkZ[djo pǴp[cǅ l feZeXƻ feêZbdþY^ kǘ[X[d, aWlǴhdo i fbWpcelek
j[b[l_pǅ, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅê Y[djhW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j.
ıaebW 9;I dWXǅpǅ Ķa_heaƽ if[ajhkc akhpĘ, aj[hƽ pW^hWdk`[ akhpo0 =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, Ed[ je ed[, YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ akhpo (<9;, 97;, 9F;), akhp ?;BJI, akhpo fhe `kd_eho ȍ
kǘ_j[b[ ȍd]b_ǘj_do. Akhpo fhe `kd_eho fheXǅ^W`ǅ Xƻ^[c bƽjW eZ ǼȀ.ǘ[hldW Ze ǽǼ. ihfdW fhe ijkZ[djo l[ lƻak
eZ Ǽǿ Ze ǼȂ b[j. Fhe]hWco pW^hdk`ǅ lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do, Waj_l_jo, [nakhp[ W kXojelǴdǅ i fbdek f[dpǅ. KXojelǴdǅ
ĶaebW dWXǅpǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ l[ iZǅb[dþY^ feae`ǅY^ d[Xe l I^Wh[ >eki[ 9h[ij\_[bZ.
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?;BJI (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
ǼȁȀ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǽǻ
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ȅ, ǼǾ jþZdĘ
ǼȁȀ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ Æ Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
ǽȃȃ
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ + =eb\ (=; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
ȀǾǻ
ǿȂǻ
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǼǼ. Ǽ. (97; ǿ.Ǽ.),
ǼȀ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
(Ġdeh - Ŀǅ`[d)
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽȃ. ȁ., Ǽǽ. Ȃ., Ǿ.ȃ..
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ȀȀǻ
Ǽǿ.ȁ. - ǽǻ.ȃ.
ǽ - Ǿ jþZdo
Ȃǽȃ
Ȁ.Ȃ., Ǽǽ.Ȃ., Ǿ.ȃ.
KXojelȏdǅ
I^Wh[ >eki[ 9h[ijÕ_[Z, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
I^Wh[ >eki[ 9h[ijÕ_[Z, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
ǼȂȀ
ǽǻȀ
ǼȀȀ
ǼȄȁ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ȁȀ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH Ǿǻ (^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[), lopl[Zdkjǅ
dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ȁȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk. ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
Ǽȃ
7jbȍdj_Y Bȍd]kȍ][ =ȍbmȍo
=ȍbmȍo
D M U
ǽȃȃ / Ǽȁǻ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǻ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
ǽȁ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ǽȁ% ılþYWhiae, Ǽǽ% Aeh[W,
Ǽǻ% ?jǴb_[, Ǽǻ% Dƻc[Yae, Ȃ% 8hWpǅb_[, ǼȄ%
EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ǽǿ kǘ[X[d, m_Ô, F9 kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW
_dj[hd[j pZWhcW, Y[djhkc fhe iWceijkZ_kc, aWlǴhdW, ijĿ[Ķdǅ j[hWiW, ad_êldW, ad_âkf[Yjlǅ, X[pXWh_ƽhelþ fĿǅijkf
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, alWb_jW lþkao, ceZ[hdǅ
ĶaebW, fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, beaWb_jW, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW fhe]hWcĘ fhe lebdþ ǘWi
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
7jbWdj_Y BWd]kW][ =WbmWo XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǿ. @[ je ijĿ[Zdƻ l[baǴ ĶaebW i l[bc_ fĿǴj[biaek Wjcei\ƽhek.
H[if[aj i_ pǅiaWbW p[`cƽdW fhe loieaþ ijWdZWhZ W _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fĿǅijkf a[ ijkZ[djĘc. LĶ_Y^d_ kǘ_j[bƽ cW`ǅ
kd_l[hp_jdǅ lpZƻbǴdǅ W lƻjĶ_dW p d_Y^ _ Zbekêb[jek fhWn_ i lþkaek Wd]b_ǘj_do. ıaebW `[ ǘb[d[c C;?tH;BI7
Beaȍb_jȍ
8kZelW Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW, l jƻidƽ Xbǅpaeij_ ^bWldǅ kb_Y[ W fekêk c_dkjk eZ ;oh[ IgkWh[. 7B= `[ ceZ[hdǅ, ZeXĿ[ loXWl[dǴ ĶaebW i[ ilƻjbþc_ kǘ[XdWc_, fheijehdek ^Wbek, aWlǴhdek W feǘǅjWǘelek kǘ[Xdek i ad_êldek. 8ƻ^[c fĿ[ijǴl[a cW`ǅ ijkZ[dj_ ceôdeij lokôǅj j[hWio i lþ^b[Z[c dW eY[Ǵd.
DW 7B= cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj akhpo eX[Ydƽ ȍd]b_ǘj_do =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, Zƽb[ fȍa akhp 8ki_d[ii
;d]b_i^, akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a c[p_dȏheZdǅc paekĶaȏc <9;, 97; ȍ akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[ ȍd]b_ǘj_do J[ȍY^[h
Jhȍ_d_d]. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe WfWhjcǴd[Y^ l Y[djhk cƻijW. ıaebW feĿǴZǴ
Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j `Wae dWfĿǅabWZ `[ZdeZ[ddǅ lþb[jo, ]eb\, `ǅpZW dW aed_, j[d_i W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ Waj_l_j.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
<9;, 97; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǻ, ǼǾ jþZdĘ
DǅpaǴ
LoieaǴ
i[pŘdW
i[pŘdW
ǼȄȀ
ǼȂǻ
ǼȀȀ
ǼȀȀ
ǼǿȀ
ǼǿȀ
ǽǿǻ
ǽǼȀ
ǼȄǻ
ǼȄǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǿǻ
ǽǼȀ
ǼȂǻ, ǼȀȀ
Ikcc[h <9; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ jþZdo
ǽǿǻ
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d] (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
ǿǻǻ
LoieaǴ
DǅpaǴ
i[pŘdW
i[pŘdW
KXojelȏdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
(ǽǽ.Ǿ. - ǼȀ.Ǽǻ.)
ǿ. Ǽ., ǼȀ. Ǿ.*,
ǼǾ. Ȅ. *
ǽǼ.ȁ., Ǿ.ȃ.
Ȃ.ȁ., ǽȃ.ȁ.,
Ǽǽ.Ȃ., ǽȁ.Ȃ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǽǼȀ
ǼȄǻ
aWôZek ieXejk / d[Zƻb_
7jbWdj_Y IYêeb 7fWhjc[dj, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
7jbWdj_Y IYêeb 7fWhjc[dj, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǽǻȀ
ǼǾǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼȀǻ
aWôZek ieXejk
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH Ǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[ 9ȍcXh_Z][ Fh[f.0 ;KH ȁǻ,
lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 :kXb_d ;KH ǼȀǻ, =ȍbmȍo0 ;KH ǾȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9; ;KH ǼȁȀ, 97; ;KH
ǼȂȀ Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0Ǿ. Ȃ. Æ ǽǿ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ǽ. Æ ǽ. Ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǽȀ. Ȅ. Æ ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ.
ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ. * Fekp[ ǼǾ jþZ[ddǅ akhpo.
9eha ;d]b_i^ 9ebb[][
9eha
D M U
ǽȂǻ / Ȅǻ
Ǽǻ / Ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȂ b[j
ȃǻ % ;lhefW (ıfWdƻbiae, <hWdY_[, ?jǴb_[, Dƻc[Yae, Febiae)
Ǽǻ % 7i_[ (@Wfediae, Aeh[W, ǓǅdW)
Ȁ % @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (F[hk, L[d[pk[bW, ;alǴZeh, 8hWpǅb_[)
Ȁ% EijWjdǅ (IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, ?phW[b)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ǼȄ kǘ[X[d, _dj[hd[j, ad_êldW, Y[djhkc fhe
iWceijkZ_kc, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij, ijkZ[djiaƽ a_de, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
dǅpaþ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ jĿǅZƻ, eieXdǅ fĿǅijkf, Waj_l_jo fhe lebdþ ǘWi, Wjcei\ƽhW Ķaebo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_d.
B[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍdi\[h ȍ Ǽ + Ǻ
jþZ[d ȍd]b_ǘj_do (eZ b_ijefȍZk Ze ZkXdȍ) pZȍhcȍ!
ĖleZ
9eha ;d]b_i^ 9ebb[][ (9;9) XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȂȃ. @[ je ĶaebW heZ_ddƽê jofk i fĿǴj[biaek Wjcei\ƽhk. LĶ_Y^d_ pWcƻijdWdY_ Ķaebo cW`ǅ Xe^Wjƽ
pakĶ[deij_ i[ ijkZ[djo p hĘpdþY^ p[cǅ W hĘpdƽê lƻak. Kǘ_j[bƽ cW`ǅ kd_l[hp_jdǅ lpZƻbǴdǅ pWcƻĿ[dƽ fhe lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do. ıaebW `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ _hiaþc
c_d_ij[hijl[c Ķaebijlǅ W `[ ǘb[d[c C;?tH;BI7, ?7J;<B (?h_i^ 7iieY_Wj_ed
e\ J[WY^_d] ;d]b_i^ Wi <eh[_]d BWd]kW][) W 9eha 9^WcX[h e\ 9ecc[hY[.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW iǅZbǅ l[ Zlek XkZelǴY^. DW`Z[j[ `[ l Y[djhk 9ehak dW XĿ[^k Ŀ[ao B[[.
EXƻ XkZelo dWXǅpǅ fbdþ aec\ehj, jWaô[ i[ pZ[ XkZ[j[ Yǅj_j `Wae ZecW.
9;9 dWXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^,
Ed[ je ed[ ȍ akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a[ YȍcXh_Z][iaþc paekĶaȏc <9;, 97; ȍ
9F;. ıaebW `[ if[Y_Wb_ijek dW lþkak akhpĘ C_b_jȍho ;d]b_i^ (D7JE IJ7D7=
ǿǹǹǺ) ȍ 7l_ȍj_ed ;d]b_i^ (?97E 9EKHI; ǻȂǺ). Joje fhe]hWco i[ i[jWlk`ǅ
dW cǅhk W Y[do ìek dW loôǴZǴdǅ. 9;9 dWXǅpǅ lĶ[c ijkZ[djĘc pZWhcW fĿǅijkf Ze edb_d[ ioijƽck [-B[Whd_d], aj[hþ fecǴ^Ǵ Zefbd_j abWi_Yaek lþkak.
ıaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc lþb[jĘ W Waj_l_jo, WXo ijkZ[dj_ fĿ_ ijkZ_k Wd]b_ǘj_do fepdWb_ ?hiae, 9eha _ `[ê eXolWj[b[. KXojelǴdǅ `[ eh]Wd_pelǴde l
êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǼȄȀ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǿȀ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǼǼȀǻ
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǻ + ǽ b[aY[ / jþZ[d) Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǼȄȃ, ǽǻǽ
KXojelȏdǅ
ǼȁȀ
I^Wh[Z 7fWhjc[dj, lǅY[bĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǼǾǻ
H[i_Z[dj_Wb 7fWhjc[dj, lǅY[bĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǼǾǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
(pǴĿǅ Æ ǘ[hl[d)
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
(ǘ[hl[d Æ ihf[d)
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ȁȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǾȀ, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 >ec[ijWo loieaǴ
i[pŘdW ;KH ǼȀ / jþZ[d, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍd\[ho0 if[Y_Ǵbdǅ WaY[ - b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[h p :kXb_dk Ze 9ehak pZWhcW.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǘ[hl[d - ihf[d, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 b[Z[d - alƻj[d, pǴĿǅ - fhei_d[Y, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
ǼȄ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo dȍ Cȍbjƻ
Cȍbjȍ
■ AZ[ `_dZ[ Xoij[ bƽf[ ife`_b_ Zeleb[dek k ceĿ[ i[ ijkZ_[c Wd]b_ǘj_do d[ô dW ahǴidƽc, [nej_Yaƽc eijhelƻ l[
IjĿ[ZeceĿǅ5 CWbjW, je `[ pahǴjaW ǘ_hƽ ceĿ[, ibkdY[, fbǴô[ ZeXhƽ `ǅZbe W [nej_Yaƽ b[jdǅ \[ij_lWbo.
■ AZe ^b[ZǴ l bƽjƻ `_ijƽ ibkdY[, dWb[pd[ `[` dW CWbjƻ. L bƽjƻ i[
j[fbejo feôXk`ǅ aeb[c Ǿǻ 9[bi_W W l p_cƻ ab[iW`ǅ dW ǼȀ
9[bi_W.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ LWbb[jW.
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c ;KH ǽȀǻ / jþZ[d.
■ CWbjW `[ ǘb[diaþc ijǴj[c ;K, W fheje fhe eXǘWdo ;K
d[dǅ fĿ_ lijkfk Ze p[cƻ lǅpelǴ fel_ddeij.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǼȄ. Ǿ., ǽǼ. Ǿ., ǾǼ. Ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., ǼȀ. ȃ., ȃ.
Ȅ., ȃ. Ǽǽ., ǼǾ. Ǽǽ., ǽȀ. Ǽǽ.
ǽǻ
Lȍbb[jjȍ
>bWldǅ cƻije, aj[hƽ i[ felWôk`[ pW f[hbk h[d[iWdY[. DWY^Ǵpǅ i[ pZ[ pW^hWZo 8WhhWYYW dWXǅp[`ǅYǅ d[pWfec[dkj[bdþ
fWdehWcWj_Yaþ fe^b[Z dW L[baþ fĿǅijWl, aWj[ZhǴbk Il. @WdW
(kahþlW`ǅYǅ Xe^Wjijlǅ p ZeX cWbjƽpiaþY^ hojǅĿĘ) W l[baeb[fþ
FWbǴY L[bc_ijhW.
Ib_[cȍ ȍ Ij. @kb_ȍd¡i
I ǽǻ ǻǻǻ eXolWj[b `[ d[`lƻjĶǅc jkh_ij_Yaþc ijĿ[Z_ia[c CWbjo. @[ je l_Xhk`ǅYǅ W lphkĶk`ǅYǅ ceZ[hdǅ cƻije i cdeôijlǅc
eXYêZĘ, XWhĘ, h[ijWkhWYǅ W êj[bĘ. DW i[l[hk i[ a[ Ib_[cƻ
fĿ_fe`k`[ eXbǅX[dƽ ijĿ[Z_iae Ij. @kb_Wd¡i i kcƻb[ loXkZelWdek fǅi[ǘdek fbǴôǅ l[ ǘjlhj_ FWY[l_bb[.
=p_hȍ
=p_hW `[ ceZ[hdǅ cƻije, aj[hƽ i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ dW i[l[helþYêZdǅc feXĿ[ôǅ CWbjo c[p_ cƻijo Ci_ZW W Ib_[cW. DǴXĿ[ôǅ l
=p_Ŀ[ `[ ibWldƽ fhe ilĘ` dǴZ^[hdþ lþ^b[Z dW pZƻdƽ ^hWZXo
^bWldǅê cƻijW LWbb[jW, aj[hƽ `[ l deY_ ahǴidƻ eilƻjb[dƽ.
Ij. Fȍkb¡i 8ȍo
:hk^ƽ jkh_ij_Yaƽ ijĿ[Z_iae CWbjo. Ij. FWkb¡i 8Wo `[ ^_ijeh_Yaƽ iǅZbe i fWcǴjaWc_ W i cde^W aWlǴhdWc_, êifĘZaWc_
W hoXǴhdWc_.
;khef[ȍd 9[djh[
Ij. @kb_ȍdËi
D J M S
Ȅǻǻ / ǾȀǻ
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^
Ǽǽ / ȃ
C_d_ =hekf
ȁ/ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j ( dǅpaǴ i[pŘdW), Ǽȃ b[j (loieaǴ
i[pŘdW)
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǾ - ǼȂ b[j (@kd_eh 9ekhi[), Ǽȁ - ǽǻ b[j
(@kd_eh 9ekhi[ <h[[ijob[)
Ȃȁ % ;lhefW (?jǴb_[, <hWdY_[, ıfWdƻbiae, Dƻc[Yae, ılþYWhiae)
ǼǾ % 7i_[ (@Wfediae, ǓǅdW, Aeh[W)
ǿ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ȃ% EijWjdǅ (IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, Jkh[Yae, Hkiae)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo Cȍbjȍ0
ȀȄ ilƻjbþY^ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d, m_Ô, Y[djhkc fhe ijkZ_kc i JL, l_Z[[c W fĿǅijkf[c
a _dj[hd[jk, ad_êldW, ijĿ[Ķdǅ j[hWiW, _dj[hd[jelǴ aWlǴhdW, ǘb[dijlǅ l fbǴôelƽc abkXk pZWhcW
W l[ Ôjd[ii pW plþêZdƻdƽ Y[do
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
dǴheZdeijdǅ ibeô[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ, cWbƽ jĿǅZo, loXWl[dǅ, Waj_l_jo, lþXehdǴ alWb_jW lþkao, ifeae`[dǅ ijkZ[dj_, pZWhcW klǅjWYǅ l[ǘ[Ŀ[, ǘb[dijlǅ l
fbǴôelƽc abkXk (fekp[ l bƽjƻ, ahecƻ d[Zƻb W
ijǴjdǅY^ ilǴjaĘ), plþêZdƻdƽ Y[do Ze Ôjd[ii
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
DȏĶ j_f !
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;9 dW CWbjƻ XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǼ W cǴ h[decƽ alWb_jdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[. C[p_ fĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo fWjĿǅ cWbƽ iakf_dao, he\[i_edWb_jW, ceZ[hdǅ W alWb_jdǅ pǴp[cǅ, alWb_jW kǘ_j[bĘ
W lþkao. AWôZǴ ĶaebW ;9 cǴ jWaƽ ǽǿ êZ_delek >[bf B_d[. PW
alWb_jk ;9 êleĿǅ ab_[dj_ p Ôh[c `Wae ìek0 7;=, 9h[Z_j Ik_ii[,
Dea_W, LeZW\ed[, :W_cb[h 9^hoib[h, F_h[bb_, DelWhj_i W cde^W
ZWbĶǅY^ ifeb[ǘdeijǅ d[cƽdƻ plkǘdþY^ `c[d.
Beaȍb_jȍ
;9 dW CWbjƻ `[ i_jkelǴdW l Ij. @kb_WdËi, iǅZbǅ l[ Zlek ceZ[hdǅY^
XkZelǴY^. L eaebǅ `[ ifekijW aWlǴh[d, feêZbdƻ ZeiWô_j[bdǴ `[
_ pWijǴlaW WkjeXkik.
;9 `[ d[`lƻjĶǅ ĶaebW dW CWbjƻ, aj[hǴ dWXǅpǅ d[àefc[bndƻ`Ķǅ if[ajhkc akhpĘ W fhe]hWcĘ eZ akhpĘ fhe cbǴZ[ô, Zeifƻbƽ, cWdWôƽho Wô fe akhpo fhe i[d_eho. Ahecƻ akhpĘ =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^,
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ ȍ 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, akhpĘ fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅY^ a[
paekĶaȏc <9;, 97;, 9F;, JE;<B ȍ ?;BJI, dȍXǅpǅ ;9 jȍaƽ
if[Y_ȍb_pelȍdƽ akhpo C_d_]hekf, 8ki_d[ii C_d_]hekf, Ed[ je
ed[, <kbb ?cc[hi_ed (ǽǹ b[aYǅ + ǺǾ b[aYǅ i kǘ_j[b[c c_ce Ķaebk), I[d_eh 9ekhi[ ȍ akhpo fejȏfƻdǅ F7:?. L Y[dƻ akhpĘ ìek
pȍ^hdkjƽ kǘ[Xd_Y[, ȍaj_l_jo ȍ mehaiêfo l ȍd]b_ǘj_dƻ, klǅjȍYǅ
l[ǘ[Ŀ[, fĿǅijkf a _dj[hd[jk ȍ ǘb[dijlǅ l fbȏôelƽc abkXk Ķaebo
(fekp[ l bƽjƻ). Fhe Zƻj_ ȍ cbȏZ[ô ;9 dȍXǅpǅ @kd_eh 9ekhi[ l[
Zlek lWh_WdjǴY^ - i kXojelǴdǅc l êc[ijWo ǘ_ i kXojelǴdǅc l
h[p_Z[dY_. L Y[dƻ `[ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ
i fbdek f[dpǅ, fhe]hWc Waj_l_j W jhWdi\[ho. Fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ
Y^jƻ`ǅ pWôǅj WZh[dWb_delƽ Waj_l_jo `[ jk @kd_eh 7Zl[djkh[. Akhpo
ìek fhe ijkZ[djo l[ lƻak eZ ǼǾ Ze ǼȂ b[j W `[ i ǽǿ êZ_delþc
Ze^b[Z[c. FeZeXdek ijhkajkhk akhpk dWXǅpǅ _ @kd_eh <h[[ijob[.
J[dje akhp `[ fhe ijkZ[jdo eZ Ǽȁ Ze ǽǻ b[jo W `[ X[p Ze^b[Zk. ;9
pW`_ĶĨk`[ kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, l heZ_dǴY^ i[ iWceijWjdek jeWb[jek W aekf[bdek (Ikf[h_eh >ec[ijWo), WfWhjcǴd[Y^ W h[p_Z[dYǅY^ W Zlek Wô fƻj_ ^lƻpZ_ǘaelþY^ êj[b[Y^ l[
pZǴb[deij_ Ȁ Wô Ǽǻ c_dkj eZ Ķaebo.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B, ?;BJI (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ/ jþZ[d)
C_d_]hekf (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo i fbdek f[dpǅ,
Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[p_Z[dY[ i fbdek f[dpǅ,
@kd_eh 7Zl[djkh[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), **** êj[b, fbdǴ f[dp[, WZl[djkh[ Waj_l_jo)
@kd_eh <h[[ijob[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ/ jþZ[d), h[p_Z[dY[, febef[dp[,
Waj_l_jo)
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽ -Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻ, ǼǾ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ
Dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ
ǽǽǻ
ǼȁȀ
ǼǾȀ
ǼǾȀ
ǽȄȀ
ǽǿǻ
Ǽȃǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǼǾȀ
ǼǾȀ
ǾǽȀ
ǽȂǻ
ǾǾȀ
ǽȃǻ
ǾȁȀ
ǾǼǻ
ǽǼǻǻ
ǿǽȀ
ǾȂǻ
ǾȁǾ
ǾȁǾ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ.Ǽ., ǽǽ.Ǿ., ǼǾ.Ȅ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǿ. Ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ., Ǽȃ. Ǽǻ.
ǿȂǾ
-
ǿȂȀ
-
ȃǻȃ
-
Ǿ.Ȃ., Ǽǻ.Ȃ., ǼȂ.Ȃ., ǽǿ.Ȃ., ǾǼ.Ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ.
ȀǾǻ
-
ǽȁ.ȁ., Ǿ.Ȃ., Ǽǻ.Ȃ., ǼȂ.Ȃ., ǽǿ.Ȃ.,
ǾǼ.Ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ., ǽǼ.ȃ., ǽȃ.ȃ.
Ǽǽ.ȁ., ǼȄ.ȁ., ǽȁ.ȁ., Ǿ.Ȃ., Ǽǻ.Ȃ., ǼȂ.Ȃ.,
ǽǿ.Ȃ., ǾǼ.Ȃ., Ȃ.ȃ., Ǽǿ.ȃ., ǽǼ.ȃ., ǽȃ.ȃ.
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
KXojelȏdǅ
Ikf[h_eh êc[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW, febef[dp[
;Yedeco H[i_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
;Yedeco H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
I^Wh[Z 7fWhjc[dji, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
I^Wh[Z 7fWhjc[dji, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ
Dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ
Ǽȃǽ
ǼȀǿ
ǽȀȄ
ǽǻǾ
ǾǽȄ
ǽȂǾ
Ǽȁȃ
ǼǼǽ
ǽȂǾ
ǼȄȁ
ǼȃȄ
ǼǾǾ
Ǿǻȃ
ǽǾǼ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ǿǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǼȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk. L Y[dƻ akhpk `[ pȍ^hdkje0 kǘ[Xd_Y[, klǅjȍYǅ l[ǘ[Ŀ[, ȍaj_l_jo ȍ mehaiêfo, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍdi\[ho (fĿ_ kXojelȏdǅ eZ ;9), ǘb[dijlǅ l fbȏôelƽc abkXk, lhȍjdþ Z[fep_j H[p_Z[dY[, I^ȍh[Z 7f.0 ;KH Ȁǻ.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǼȄ. ȁ. Æ Ǽȃ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ǽ. Æ Ǽȃ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǼȄ. Ȅ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ - Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
ǽǼ
=ȍj[mȍo IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^
Iȍd =mȍdd
D M
Ǽǻǻ / Ȁǻ
bƽje0 ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
p_cȍ0 ȃ / ǿ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȀ b[j
Ȅȁ % ;lhefW (?jǴb_[, ıfWdƻbiae, Febiae, Dƻc[Yae,
CWǈWhiae)
ǽ % 7i_[
ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, AebkcX_[, C[n_ae)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ȁ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo
Ǽǻ ilƻjbþY^ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d i ceZ[hdǅ
WkZ_el_pkǴbdǅ j[Y^d_aek, fĿǅijkf dW _dj[hd[j
pZWhcW, aWlǴhdW, ad_êldW, j[hWiW, pW^hWZW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
eieXdǅ fĿǅijkf, feae`[ W kǘ[Xdo ìek ab_cWj_pelǴdo, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc, lþXehdǴ
Y[dW, kcǅijƻdǅ l ab_Zdƽ beaWb_jƻ, h[p_Z[dY[
l jƻidƽ Xbǅpaeij_ Ķaebo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
DȏĶ j_f !
ĖleZ
=Wj[mWo IYêeb e\ ;d]b_i^ (=I;) `[ cWbǴ heZ_ddǴ ĶaebW, l[ aj[hƽ i[ lĶ_Y^d_ pdW`ǅ. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ alWb_jdǅ akhp
pW fĿǅpd_lƽ Y[do. Lp^b[Z[c a l[b_aeij_ Ķaebo pWhkǘk`[
_dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fĿǅijkf W lþkak l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^. L[
Ķaeb[ `[ ijkZ[djĘc a Z_ifep_Y_ d[fĿ[jhô_jǴ Wi_ij[dǘdǅ ibkôXW. L[baek lþêZek Ķaebo `[ lbWijdǅ h[p_Z[dY[
i `ǅZ[bdek ^d[Z l[Zb[ Ķaebo. ıaebW feĿǴZǴ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ W ifehjeldǅ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j W lǅa[dZelƽ lþb[jo.
C[p_ d[èXbǅX[dƻ`Ķǅ fWjĿǅ eX`[lelǴdǅ cWbjiaþY^ fbǴôǅ
i 88G, `[ZdeZ[ddǅ d[Xe lǅa[dZelƽ lþb[jo dW eijhel
=epe W 9ec_de d[Xe fhe^bǅZaW ^_ijeh_YaþY^ cƻij LWb[jW W CZ_dW.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW W h[p_Z[dY[ iǅZbǅ l ceZ[hdǅY^ XkZelǴY^ loijWlƻdþY^ p Xǅbƽê fǅiaelY[. DWY^Ǵp[`ǅ i[ l ab_Zdƽ l_belƽ ǘjlhj_ IWd =mWdd, lpZǴb[dƽ `[d ǼȀ c_dkj fƻĶao eZ
jkh_ij_Yao fefkbǴhdǅY^ Z[ij_dWYǅ Ij. @kb_Wdi, FWY[l_bb[
W ahǴidƽê pǴb_lk If_debW 8Wo. L jƽje ǘǴij_ CWbjo dW`Z[j[ Y[djhkc pǴXWlo, cdeê h[ijWkhWYǅ, aWlǴh[d, XWhĘ
W eXYêZĘ.
Akhpo dW Ķaeb[ =I; ìek eh]Wd_pelǴdo fhe pWǘǴj[ǘdǅao Wô feaheǘ_bƽ Wd]b_ǘj_dǴĿ[. Kǘ_j[bƽ ìek
alWb_\_aelWdǅ fhe lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do W cW`ǅ Zbekêb[jek fhWn_. Leb_j cĘô[j[ p[ Zlek _dj[dp_j eX[Ydƽ
Wd]b_ǘj_do =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, Zȏb[ Ķaebȍ dȍXǅpǅ akhpo 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, Ed[ je
ed[, if[Y_ȍb_pelȍdƽ akhpo Ed[ je ed[ 8ki_d[ii ȍ akhpo fhe i[d_eho. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[
l ceZ[hdǅ h[p_Z[dY_, lpZǴb[dƽ Ȁǻ c[jhĘ eZ Ķaebo, d[Xe l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^. @[b_aeô i[ ĶaebW
dWY^Ǵpǅ l h[p_Z[dǘdǅ l_belƽ ǘjlhj_, êij_j[biaƽ heZ_do ìek fĿ[lǴôdƻ lpZǴb[dƽ Ǽǻ c_dkj fƻĶao eZ
Ķaebo. FĿ[ije Zefehkǘk`[c[ lokôǅj kXojelǴdǅ l[ Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY_, aj[hǴ `[ aec\ehjdƻ loXWl[dW
(Ǽȃ beôd_Y, ǿ ifeb[ǘ[diaƽ cǅijdeij_ i j[b[l_pǅ W _dj[hd[j[c, ȃ aekf[b[d, j[hWiW, `ǅZ[bdW, j[b[\ed) W
pW^hdk`[ febef[dp_ (Xe^Wjƽ idǅZWdƻ W l[ǘ[Ŀ[ h[if. eXƻZo).
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
Ed[ je ed[ 8ki_d[ii (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ + Ǽǻ iekahecþY^ b[aYǅ 8ki_d[ii / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo / h[p_Z[dY[ i febef[dpǅ, jhWdi\[ho)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, Zle`bĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
H[p_Z[dY[, Zle`bĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ Dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ
ǾǼǻ
ǽȂǻ
ǿǿǾ
ǾȂǼ
ǾȂǻ
ǿǾǻ
ȀǽȀ
ǿȁǻ
ȂȃǼ
Ȁǿȁ
ȃȄȁ
ȀȃǾ
Ȁǻȁ
ǿȀǻ
Ǿǻǻ
9[dȍ l ;KH
PW^hdkjW l Y[dƻ akhpk
PW^hdkjW l Y[dƻ akhpk
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽȃ.Ǿ., ǽǾ.Ȁ., Ǽ.Ǽǻ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, fĿǅfbȍj[a pȍ fbdek f[dp_0 ;KH Ȁǻ / jþZ[d, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǿǻ / eXƻ Y[ijo. 9[dȍ akhpk pȍ^hdk`[0 lþkak,
kXojelǴdǅ i febef[dpǅ, kǘ[Xd_Y[.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǽ. ȁ. Æ Ǿǻ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǾǼ. Ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǽ. Ȅ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ. ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 Ǽ.Ǽǽ.ǽǻǻȄ - ǾǼ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ.
ǽǽ
DIJI ;d]b_i^ Bȍd]kȍ][ ?dij_jkj[
=p_hȍ
D M J S
ȁǻǻ / Ǽǻǻ
=[d[hWb, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^0 ȃ / ȁ
Ikcc[h =[d[hWb WdZ ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^0 ǼȀ / Ǽǿ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^0 Ȁ / ǿ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 ǼȂ b[j
Ȅǻ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, ıfWdƻbiae, ?jǴb_[, <hWdY_[)
Ȁ% 7i_[
Ȁ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǿ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
Ǽȁ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d, ad_êldW i feǘǅjWǘ_, _dj[hd[j[c W m_Ô, aWdjþdW, ibkddǴ j[hWiW W
pW^hWZW, fbǴôelþ abkX
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
jhWZ_Y[, eÔY_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc fhe YWcXh_Z][iaƽ
paekĶao, alWb_jW, Y[dW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
DIJI ;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ ?dij_jkj[ `[ `[Zdek p d[`Zƽb[
fĘieX_YǅY^ Ķaeb dW CWbjƻ. I jhWZ_Yǅ fĿ[i ǿȂ b[j XobW
DIJI pWabǴZW`ǅYǅc ǘb[d[c <;BJEC (<[Z[hWj_ed e\
;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ J[WY^_d] Eh]Wd_pWj_edi e\ CWbjW).
ıaebW ĠpY[ ifebkfhWYk`[ i Kd_l[hi_jo e\ CWbjW W `[
e\_Y_Ǵbdǅc Y[djh[c fhe YWcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao dW
CWbjƻ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW DIJI ;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ ?dji_jkj[ iǅZbǅ l[ cƻijƻ =p_hW. ıaebW `[ `[d Ȁ c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ h[p_Z[dY[, ǼȀ
c_dkj eZ >_X[hd_W H[i_Z[dY[ ȏ >eij[b W ǽǻ c_dkj eZ
jkh_ij_Yao pdǴcƽ Ib_[co W feXĿ[ôǅ. L[ Ķaeb[ `[ Ǽȁ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d. IWcepĿ[`ceijǅ `[ jWaƽ fĿǅijkf Ze
ad_êldo W _dj[hd[j pZWhcW. DIJI dWXǅpǅ lĶ[c ijkZ[djĘc fĿǅijkf Ze kǘ[Xdo i Ǽǽ feǘǅjWǘ_, l[ aj[hƽ ceêk
lokôǅlWj a iWceijkZ_k jpl. 97BB fhe]hWco (9ecfkj[h
7ii_ij[Z BWd]kW][ B[Whd_d]). FĿ[ijǴlao ceêk ijkZ[dj_ jhǴl_j dW ibkddƽ j[hWi[ ǘ_ dW Ķaebdǅ pW^hWZƻ. DIJI
cǴ jWaƽ lbWijdǅ fbǴôelþ abkX W XWpƽd fĿǅce l[ Ķaebdǅ
h[p_Z[dY_.
DIJI dWXǅpǅ efhWlZk Ķ_heaþ lþXƻh akhpĘ l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^ W feZ l[Z[dǅc alWb_\_aelWdþY^ b[ajehĘ. @Z[ e
Y[beheǘdǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ l[ jĿ[Y^ _dj[dp_jȏY^
(ǻǹ, ǻǾ ȍ Ǽǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d). Dȍ bƽje cȏ Ķaebȍ l dȍXǅZY[
if[Y_ȏbdǅ Ikcc[h =; fhe]hȍc, aZo a[ abȍi_Yaƽ lþkY[
fĿ_XkZ[ ǿ ȍaj_l_j jþZdƻ. Fhe pȏ`[cY[ e eXYêZdǅ ȍd]b_ǘj_dk ìek jk akhpo 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ W je l[ Zlek
_dj[dp_jǴY^ (ǽǻ d[Xe Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d). Fhe kǘ_j[b[ Wd]b_ǘj_do `[ lêZdþ if[Y_Wb_pelWdþ akhp J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d].
DIJI d[pWfecǅdǴ Wd_ dW ijWhĶǅ ijkZ[djo W dWXǅpǅ `_c
I[d_eh 9ekhi[, fhe ijkZ[djo l[ lƻak Ȁǻ+. J[dje akhp `[
Zefbdƻd e Waj_l_jo. Fhe j[[dW][ho `[ pZ[ if[Y_Wb_pelWdþ akhp @kd_eh 9ekhi[. L Y[dƻ akhpk `[ akhp
=[d[hWb[ ;d]b_i^ e _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, Waj_l_jo, kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ ǘ_ êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ i
fbdek f[dpǅ. J[dje akhp `[ fhe ijkZ[djo l[ lƻak eZ Ǽǿ Ze ǼȂ b[j. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ kXojelǴdǅ Xkǈ êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY_ d[Xe êj[b[Y^. Fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ lokô_`ǅ kXojelǴdǅ eZ DIJI
dWXǅpǅ ĶaebW pfǴj[ǘdǅ jhWdi\[h pZWhcW!
Ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ
Dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ
ǽǽǻ
ǼȂǻ
ǽȁǻ
ǽǻȀ
ǽȄȀ
ǽǾȀ
ǽȄǻ
ǽǾǻ
ǾȄȀ
ǾǾȀ
ǼȃȀ
ǼȃȀ
Ǿǽǻ
Ǿǽǻ
ǼȁȀ
ǽǼǻ
ǽǿȀ
-
9;BJ7(ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
ǾȀȁ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǽȄȀ
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[,
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[i_Z[dY[, fbdǴ f[dp[,
ǽ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ (Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h =[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ + ȁ Waj_l_j / jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h =[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ + ȁ Waj_l_j / jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ + ȁ Waj_l_j / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, i[ idǅZWdǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, `[Zdeaelþ feae`, i[ idǅZWdǅ
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽǼ. ȁ. - ǼȂ. Ȅ.
Ǽ.ǽ., ȃ.ǽ., ǼȀ.ǽ., ǽǽ.ǽ., Ǽ.ǼǼ.,
ȃ.ǼǼ., ǼȀ.ǼǼ., ǽǽ.ǼǼ.
Ǽ.Ǿ., ȃ.Ǿ., ǼȀ.Ǿ., ǽǽ.Ǿ., ǼȄ.ǿ., ǽȁ.ǿ.,
Ǿ.Ȁ., Ǽǻ.Ȁ., ǼȂ.Ȁ., ǽǿ.Ȁ., ǾǼ.Ȁ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.,
ǿ.Ǽǻ., ǼǼ.Ǽǻ., Ǽȃ.Ǽǻ., ǽȀ.Ǽǻ., Ǽ.ǼǼ.
ǿȂǿ
ǽǼ. ȁ. - ȁ. Ȅ.
ȀǾǻ
Ǻ. Ǻ. - ǻǿ. ǻ.
ǻȀ. ǻ. - Ǻȁ. ǿ.
ǺȂ. Ȁ. - ǺȀ. Ȃ.
Ǽǹ. Ǻǹ. - ǼǺ. Ǻǻ. Ǻȁ. Ȃ. - ǻȂ. Ǻǹ
ǼȁǼ
Ǽȃǽ
ǽǽǿ
ǼȄȁ
ǽǼȂ
ǽȄǿ
ǼǼǽ
ǼȀǿ
ǽǿȀ
ǼȀǿ
ǽǾȃ
ǾȂǼ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǾǼ / eXƻ Y[ijo, loieaǴ i[pŘdW ǾȀ / eXƻ Y[ijo (fĿ_ pWXeeaelǴdǅ kXojelǴdǅ eZ DIJI `[
pfǴj[ǘdǅ b[j_Ķjdǅ jhWdi\[h pZWhcW). Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽǼ. ȁ. Æ ǼȂ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǽǻ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǽȃ. Ȅ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ. ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽȀ. Ǽǽ. - ǽȁ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǽǾ
?dij_jkj[ e\ ;d]b_i^ Bȍd]kȍ][ IjkZ_[i
Ib_[cȍ, =^ȍ`di_[b[c
D J M S
Cȍbjȍ0
ȁȄǻ / Ǿǻǻ
=epe0
ȂȀ / ȁǻ
=;, 8;
Ǽǻ / Ȃ
?;BJI, 9WcXh_Z][
ȁ/ǿ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȃ b[j
Meha fbWY[c[dj0 Ǽȃ - Ǿǻ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǾ - Ǽȃ b[j
Ȅǿ % ;lhefW
Ǿ % 7i_[
ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ǽ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǿ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ ab_cWj_pelWdƽ kǘ[Xdo, _dj[hd[jelǴ aWlǴhdW, aWlǴhdW, j[hWiW, ad_êldW, ad_âkf[Yjlǅ,
ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿ[i ǽȀ b[j pakĶ[deijǅ, dǅpaþ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[
jĿǅZƻ, ab_cWj_pelWdƽ kǘ[Xdo, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ
fhe]hWc, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW ?dij_jkj[ e\ ;d]b_i^ BWd]kW][ IjkZ_[i (?;BI)
XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃȀ W `[ ǘb[d[c c[p_dǴheZdǅ eh]Wd_pWY[ B7B. B7B cǴ Ķaebo jWaƽ l 7d]b__, @_êW\h_Yaƽ h[fkXb_Y[ W KI7. ?;BI dWXǅpǅ akhpo fhe
Zeifƻbƽ, cWdWô[ho, i[d_eho _ cbǴZ[ô. @[ ǘb[d[c
<;BJEC (WieY_WY[ cWbjiaþY^ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb) W
fWjĿǅ c[p_ d[`lƻjĶǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo dW CWbjƻ. IekǘǴijǅ lĶ[Y^ akhpĘ ìek ZefheleZdƽ Waj_l_jo W eh]Wd_pWY[ lebdƽê ǘWik. ?;BI dWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk
Waj_l_j0 fejǴfƻdǅ, fWhW]b_Z_d], j[d_i, m_dZikh\_d],
lþb[jo beZǅ, i `[`_Y^ô eh]Wd_pWYǅ lǴc fehWZǅ lijĿǅYdþ
f[hiedǴb Ķaebo. ıaebW cǴ l fhelepk jWaƽ ǽǿ êZ_delek >[bf b_d[.
Beaȍb_jȍ
?;BI `[ l[ Ib_[cƻ Xbǅpae feXĿ[ôǅ W ^bWldǅê cƻijW
LWbb[jjW. >bWldǅ XkZelW Ķaebo cǴ Ǿǻ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d, aWlǴhdk, ad_êldk W m_Ô pZWhcW.
DW eijhĘlak =epe cǴ ?;BI Ķaebk l =^W`di_[b[c
i lþ^b[Z[c dW fĿǅijWl C]Whh, aWc aWôZþY^ ǽǻ c_dkj fĿ_`ǅôZǅ jhW`[ajo p CWbjo.
ıaebW dWXǅpǅ l[baþ lþXƻh _dj[dp_j lþkao k lĶ[eX[Ydƽ
W eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do. DWXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^
(ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
C_d_]hekf (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) W 8ki_d[iii C_d_]hekf
(ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d). Fhe pǴ`[cY[ e fĿǅfhWlk dW YWcXh_Z][iaƽ paekĶao ìek l dWXǅZY[ akhpo <9;, 97;,
9F; dW ȃ jþZdĘ l _dj[dp_jƻ Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d. L Y[dƻ
akhpĘ ìek pȍ^hdkjƽ kǘ[Xd_Y[, _dj[hd[j, klǅjȍYǅ l[ǘ[Ŀ[, ǘb[dijlǅ l fbȏôelƽcabkXk ȍ lþb[j beZǅ. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l ab_cWj_pelWdþY^, ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dþY^ kǘ[XdǴY^ i dǅpaþc feǘj[c ijkZ[djĘ feZ l[Z[dǅc
alWb_ÔaelWdþY^ b[ajehĘ. ıaebW ?;BI dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ if[Y_Ǵbdǅ akhpo fhe i[d_eho W fhe `kd_eho. I[d_eĿ_ i[ ceêk
pĘǘWijd_j ZlekjþZ[ddǅê akhpk I[d_eh 9ekhi[, aZ[ ife`ǅ lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do W Waj_l_jo dWfĿ. fhe^bǅZaW ^bWldǅê
cƻijW CWbjo ǘ_ lþb[j dW eijhel =epe W ZWbĶǅ. @kd_ehiaƽ akhpo @kd_eh 9ekhi[, aj[hƽ ìek l dWXǅZY[ Xƻ^[c L[b_aedeY W l bƽjƻ, ìek _Z[Ǵbdǅ aecX_dWYǅ ijkZ_W Wd]b_ǘj_do i Waj_l_jWc_. L Y[dƻ fhe]hWck `[ ǽǻ b[aYǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do pW
jþZ[d, ǿ eZfeb[Zdǅ Waj_l_jo, Ȃ l[ǘ[hdǅY^ Waj_l_j W `[Z[d lþb[j pW jþZ[d W kXojelǴdǅ l heZ_dƻ ǘ_ h[p_Z[dY_. Fhe
cbWZƽ ijkZ[djo `[ pW`_Ķjƻd Y[beZ[ddǅ fhe]hWc lǘ[jdƻ bǴaWlþY^ lþb[jĘ W ZWbĶǅY^ Waj_l_j, aj[hƽ cĘô[ dWXǅZdekj
`[dec CWbjW. ?;BI dWXǅpǅ ilþc ijkZ[djĘc jWaƽ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak kXojelǴdǅ. LoXhWj i_ cĘô[j[ kXojelǴdǅǅ
l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ ǘ_ lokôǅj Y[delƻ lþêZdƽ Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY[ :Woi ?dd, aj[hǴ `[ delƻ ph[delelWdǴ.
:Ǵb[ ìek l dWXǅZY[ WfWhjcǴdo 7bXehWZW IjkZ_ei ǘ_ êj[bo, aj[hþY^ `[ l Xbǅpaeij_ Ķaebo êZdƻ.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
<9;, 97;, 9F;, ?;BJI (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
C_d_]hekf (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h / O[Wh (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + Waj_l_jo)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[p_Z[dY[, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
KXojelȏdǅ
;n[Ykj_l[ >ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW, feb.
7bXehWZW IjkZ_ei, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
7bXehWZW IjkZ_ei, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
:Woi ?dd H[i_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
:Woi ?dd H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ȃ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽȁ+ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ
Dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ
ǼȄǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽǽȀ
ǽȀȀ
Ǽǿǻ
ǽǻǻ
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǽȀ
ǽȀǻ
ǼǻȀ
ǽȁȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǿȁǾ
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ȀȃǾ
Ǻ. Ǻ - ǻȁ. Ǽ. ȍ
ǻȂ. Ǽ. - Ǻǻ. ǿ. ȍ
ǺǼ. ǿ. - ǺǺ. Ȃ.
ǻǽ. Ǻǹ. - ǼǺ. Ǻǻ
Ǻǻ. Ȃ. - ǻǼ. Ǻǹ
ǼǽȀ
ǼȀǾ
ǼȂǽ
ǼǽȀ
ǼȀǾ
ǽȀȀ
ǽȁǻ
ǽȁǻ
ǽȁǻ
ȁȀ
ǼǽǼ
ǼȀȄ
ȃȁ
Ǽǿȁ
ǽǻǽ
Ȃǽ
ǼǼǽ
ǼȀȄ
Ȃǽ
ǼǼǽ
ǽǻǽ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǼǼ. Ǽ., ǼȄ. ǿ., ǼǼ. Ǽǻ..
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ȃ. ǽ., Ȁ. ǿ., ǼȂ.Ȁ., ǼǼ.Ǽǻ, ȃ.ǼǼ.
ǼȀ. Ǿ., ǼȂ. Ȁ., Ǽǿ. ȁ., ǿ. Ǽǻ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ǿǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH Ǿǻ / Zlƻ Y[ijo,
9[dȍ akhpk pȍ^hdk`[0 klǅjȍYǅ l[ǘ[Ŀ[, kǘ[Xd_Y[, m_Ô, lþb[j beZ_, ǘb[dijlǅ l fbȏôelƽc abkXk. 9[do ìek pȍ ijkZ_kc l[ Ib_[cƻ, Y[do pȍ ijkZ_kc l =^ȍ`di_[b[c dȍ =epk lȏc feiaojd[c[ l dȍĶ_Y^
aȍdY[bȏĿǅY^.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǽǿ. ȁ. Æ Ǽǻ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ǽ. Æ ǼǾ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǼǼ. Ȅ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
ǽǿ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo dȍ Delƽc PƽbȍdZk
Delþ PƽbȍdZ
■ Delþ PƽbWdZ bǴaǴ aWôZeheǘdƻ ifekijk ZeXheZhk^Ę,
aj[Ŀǅ i[ Y^jƻ`ǅ dWkǘ_j Wd]b_ǘj_dk W pǴhel[Ŧ Y[ijelWj W fepdǴlWj ahǴido jƽje p[cƻ.
■ Delþ PƽbWdZ `[ lþhWpdƻ p[cƻZƻbiaek p[cǅ, aZ[ dW aWôZƽê ǘbelƻaW fĿ_fWZǴ ǽǻ elYǅ.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ M[bb_d]jed.
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c DP: ǽǻǻ / jþZ[d.
■ Cƻdek `[ delepƽbWdZiaþ ZebWh DP:. Akhp ǓD8 a
ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob ǼǾ,ǾǻȀ Aǘ / Ǽ DP:.
■ Fhe feXojo Z[bĶǅ d[ô Ǿ cƻiǅY[ `[ jĿ[XW i_ loĿǅZ_j ijkZ[djiaƽ lǅpkc. ǓH cǴ i Delþc PƽbWdZ[c pWl[Z[dW
jWaƽ jpl. Meha_d] >eb_ZWo lǅpW, Zǅao d_cô bp[ dW DP
fhWYelWj W Y[ijelWj fe ZeXk `[Zdeê heak.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǽ. Ǽ., ǽȁ. Ǽ., ȁ. ǽ., Ǽǻ. ǿ., ǼǾ. ǿ., Ǽ. ȁ.,
ǽȁ. Ǽǻ., ǼǾ. ǼǼ., ǽȀ. Ǽǽ., ǽȃ. Ǽǽ.
M[bb_d]jed
>bWldǅ cƻije Delƽê PƽbWdZk `[
felWôelǴde pW Y[djhkc lpZƻbWdeij_
W akbjkho Zǅao l[baƽck feǘjk ckp[ǅ,
ad_êl[d, Z_lWZ[b, h[ijWkhWYǅ W aWlǴh[d.
7kYabȍdZ
DelepƽbWdZiaƽ l[baecƻije i fefkbWYǅ fĿ[i c_b_Řd eXolWj[b W d[`lƻjĶǅ
fĿǅijWl dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk. @Z[ e
eXYêZdǅ W akbjkhdǅ Y[djhkc Delƽê PƽbWdZk.
9^h_ijY^khY^
D[`lƻjĶǅ cƻije @_ôdǅê eijhelW `[ ^_ijeh_Yaþc, akbjkhdǅc W ijkZ[djiaþc
Y[djh[c. C[p_ bǴaWZbW fhe jkh_ijo fWjĿǅ il[p[dǅ ^_ijeh_Yaek
jhWclW`ǅ, d[Xe bWdelaW dW Cekdj 9Wl[dZ_i^.
Gk[[dijemd HǴ` boôWĿĘ, idemXeWhZ_ijĘ W lĶ[Y^ lopdWlWǘĘ ifehjĘ, WĨ kô
WZh[dWb_delþY^, d[Xe ab_Zdƻ`ĶǅY^ `Wae ìek fheY^Ǵpao ǘ_
lo`ǅôǈao dW aeb[ Ze eaebdǅ êhdWjƽ ahW`_do.
FhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍc Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b dȍ Delƽc PƽbȍdZk
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b D[m P[ȍbȍdZ
FhǴY[ dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk `[ kceôdƻdW cbWZþc b_Z[c i
ǘ[iaþc eXǘWdijlǅc W lƻa[c Ze Ǿǻ b[j, fheijĿ[Zd_Yjlǅc
fhe]hWck Meha_d] >eb_ZWo IY^[c[. J[d kceôŦk`[ cbWZþc Ǔ[Y^Ęc fepdWj Delþ PƽbWdZ W pǴhel[Ŧ jWc cWn_cǴbdƻ `[Z[d hea Y[ijelWj W fhWYelWj. :[Wj_bo e fhe]hWck
dW`Z[j[ dW m[Xk mmm.ijkZob_d[.Yp.
LoĿǅp[dǅ lǅp
ñǴZeij_ e Meha_d] >eb_ZWo lǅpW i[ feZǴlW`ǅ ed-b_d[ dW m[Xk
_c_]hWǘdǅê ĠĿWZk DP. I loĿǅp[dǅc lĶ[Y^ \ehcWb_j W lǅp iWcejdþY^ LǴc XkZ[c[ Wi_ijelWj. Fe fĿǅb[jk dW Delþ PƽbWdZ
ckiǅj[ _c_]hWǘdǅc fhWYeldǅaĘc Zebeô_j c_d. DP: ǿǽǻǻ
(êjeleij, Y[ijeldǅ Ķ[ao, d[Xe lþf_i p Ġǘjk i fbWj[Xdǅ aWhjek), Y[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ dW ZeXk feXojk W pfǴj[ǘdǅ b[j[dak.
ǽȀ
7kYabȍdZ, 9^h_ijY^khY^
DȏĶ j_f!
D M
Ǿǻǻ / Ǽȃǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
Ȁǻ% 7i_[
ǼȄ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǼȀ% ;lhefW
Ǽȁ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
eXƻ Ķaebo AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i
cW`ǅ feǘǅjWǘelƽ kǘ[Xdo i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, ifeb[ǘ[diaek cǅijdeij W fheijeho dW
XWhX[gk[
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
alWb_jdǅ lþkaW pW fĿǅpd_lƽ Y[do, jhWZ_Y[,
kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaeb l Y[djhk cƻijW, lþXehdƽ ibkôXo fhe ijkZ[djo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i (A?9) `[ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[ i lǅY[ d[ô Ȃǻ b[jþc_ pakĶ[deijc_ l[ lþkY[ `WpoaĘ. A?9 dWXǅpǅ akhpo l[ ǿǻ Z[ij_dWYǅY^ ilƻjW W `[ Ķf_ǘaek l[
ilƽc eXehk. IjkZ[dj_ eY[dǅ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc l[baþ lþXƻh akhpĘ, alWb_ÔaelWdƽ b[ajeho W kcǅijƻdǅ
Ķaeb l WjhWaj_ldǅY^ beaWb_jǴY^. L 9^h_ijY^khY^ `[ A?9 d[ìjWhĶǅ `Wpoaelek Ķaebek lĘX[Y, W jWaƽ l 7kYabWdZk fWjĿǅ c[p_ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo i ZbekêZeXek jhWZ_Yǅ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
@Wa l 7kYabWdZk jWa l 9^h_ijY^khY^ ìek Ķaebo AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i l Y[djhk cƻijW i lþXehdek
ZefhWldǅ Zeijkfdeijǅ. L 7kYabWdZk `[ ĶaebW i_jkelǴdW Ze `[Zdƽ p d[`fefkbǴhdƻ`ĶǅY^ eXbWijǅ, kcǅijƻdƽ
c[p_ dǴZ^[hdþ fWha :ecW_d W hkĶdek eXbWij D[mcWha[j, fbdek aWlǴh[d, eXYêZĘ W XWhĘ. L 9^h_ijY^khY^ `[ ĶaebW l jƻidƽ Xbǅpaeij_ dǴcƻijǅ 9Wj^[ZhWb IgkWh[, aj[hƽ `[ ihZY[c cƻijW.
L dǴXǅZY[ ìek jhWZ_ǘdǅ akhpo eX[Ydƽ ȍd]b_ǘj_do l dƻaeb_aȍ _dj[dp_jȏY^0 LȍYȍj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǻǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
W ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǻȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + Ȁ b[aYǅ ijhkajkhelȍdƽê iȍceijkZ_ȍ). FĿ_ ijhkajkhelWdƽc iWceijkZ_k cǴj[ fĿǅijkf a[ lĶ[c lþkaelþc cWj[h_ǴbĘc, _dj[hWaj_ldǅc fhe]hWcĘc W kǘ[Xdǅc cWj[h_ǴbĘc. :Ǵb[ cW`ǅ
ijkZ[dj_ ceôdeij ijkZelWj jWaƽ fĿǅfhWldƽ akhpo a[ YȍcXh_Z][iaþc paekĶaȏc <9; ȍ 97;, Wb[ _ akhpo eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^. Fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ cW`ǅ pǴ`[c e ZbekêZeXƻ`Ķǅ ijkZ_kc ìek l dWXǅZY[
fhe]hWco 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h / O[ȍh. KXojelǴdǅ pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ W WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
ǽǻ + jþZdĘ
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d
l DP:
ǽǽȀ
ǽȂȀ
ǽȁǻ
<9;, 97; (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽȂȀ
EFKI (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽȂȀ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
ǽȀǻ
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǿȂ
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
KXojelȏdǅ
7fWhjcǴd, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d l DP:
7kYabȍdZ
9^h_ijY^khY^
ǽǼȀ
ǽǻǻ
ǼȄȀ
ǾǾǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ.,
ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
Ȁ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ.,
ǽǼ. ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ., Ǽȃ. Ǽǻ.
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǼ.
ǿ. Ǽ., Ǽǽ. ǿ.,
ǽǼ. ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek ieXejk
Pȏf_idƽ0 DP: ǼȄȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 DP: ǼȄȀ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 DP: ǼǾǻ (fekp[ k YWcXh_Z]iaþY^ akhpĘ
<9;, 97;), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 DP: ȄȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ.
Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
;cXȍiio 9;I
7kYabȍdZ
D M
ǾȀǻ / Ǿǻǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
Ȁǻ% 7i_[,
ǽǻ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǼȀ% ;lhefW
ǼȀ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij,
ad_êldW, fĿǅijkf a _dj[hd[jk
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
alWb_ÔaelWdǅ W pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, fheijehdƽ
kǘ[Xdo, ialƻbƽ loXWl[dǅ, ceôdeij aecX_dWY[ ijkZ_W l hĘpdþY^ cƻij[Y^ 7kijhǴb_[ W Delƽê PƽbWdZk, fĿǅ`[cdǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, Xe^Wjþ
fhe]hWc ifehjeldǅY^ W akbjkhdǅY^ Waj_l_j,
Y[dW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_dkj
ĖleZ
;cXWiio 9;I `[ ǘb[d[c eh]Wd_pWY[ IjkZo =hekf ?dj[hdWj_edWb, eh]Wd_pWY[ iZhkôk`ǅYǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[
l eXbWij_ lþkao `WpoaĘ, eZXehdþY^ akhpĘ W kd_l[hp_jdǅê ijkZ_W. ;cXWiio 9;I pW`_ĶĨk`[ lþkak Wd]b_ǘj_do
l ǼȄ Z[ij_dWYǅY^, aedahƽjdƻ l jƻY^je p[cǅY^0 7kijhǴb_[, L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[, KI7 W Delþ PƽbWdZ. AWôZǴ ĶaebW
eh]Wd_pk`[ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ W ifehjeldǅ fhe]hWc ifebk i aecfb[ndǅ dWXǅZaek akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ.
IjkZ[dj_ ìek ifeae`[d_ d[`[d i lþkaek, Wb[ jWaƽ i fhe\[i_edǴbdǅ fƽǘ_, aj[hek `_c l[ ĶaebǴY^ ;cXWiio
9;I lƻdk`ǅ. Ahecƻ WaWZ[c_Yaƽê fehWZY[ pZ[ cW`ǅ ijkZ[dj_ a Z_ifep_Y_ ǽǿ êZ_delek >[bf B_d[.
Beaȍb_jȍ
;cXWiio 9;I l 7kYabWdZk `[ i_jkelWdǴ l Y[djhk cƻijW dW AWhWd]W^Wf[ HeWZ l Xbǅpaeij_ J^[ Kd_l[hi_jo
e\ 7kYabWdZ, a_d, Z_lWZ[b, eXYêZĘ, h[ijWkhWYǅ W i[ idWZdþc fĿǅijkf[c a ^hecWZdƽ ZefhWlƻ.
IjkZ_kc dW Ķaeb[ ;cXWiio 9;I `[ [\[aj_ldǅ, b[aY[ ìek hepcWd_jƽ, ZodWc_Yaƽ W kǘ_j[bƽ cW`ǅ ahecƻ alWb_ÔaWY[ jWaƽ ifekijk pakĶ[deijǅ i lþkaek Wd]b_ǘj_do. DW Ķaeb[ cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj =[d[hȍb
;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ ȍ 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^. Fhe pǴ`[cY[ e akhp pWaedǘ[dþ c[p_dǴheZdǅ paekĶaek `[ jk akhp ?;BJI. Akhp ?;BJI i[ iabǴZǴ p =[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) W ȃ b[aYǅ pW jþZ[d
pWcƻĿ[dþY^ dW fĿǅfhWlk dW paekĶak ?;BJI. Fhe pǴ`[cY[ e _dj[dp_ldǅ ijkZ_kc `[ l dWXǅZY[ akhp
Ed[ je ed[. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ W l h[p_Z[dY_. H[p_Z[dY[ Kd_beZ][
`[ l Y[djhk cƻijW, l fƻĶǅ lpZǴb[deij_ eZ Ķaebo. H[p_Z[dY[ `[ ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dǴ W ijkZ[dj_ ceêk
lokôǅlWj _ XWpƽd ǘ_ fei_beldk.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^
(ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?;BJI (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ǽȃȁ
Ǽȃǽ
ǼȂȀ
ǽǾȃ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǾǼ
Ǿǿǻ
ǼǿȄǻ
KXojelȏdǅ
H[i_Z[dY[ Kd_beZ][, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
H[i_Z[dY[ Kd_beZ][, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǽǿȀ
ǽȁȀ
ǽǻǻ
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 DP: ǽȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 DP: ǾǼǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 DP: ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 DP: ǼǼȀ / `[Zdk
Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 ?;BJI DP: Ǿǿǻ.
ǽȁ
D[m P[ȍbȍdZ Bȍd]kȍ][ 9[djh[i
7kYabȍdZ, 9^h_ijY^khY^, M[bb_d]jed
D M U
7kYabWdZ0
ǾȀǻ / ǽȃǻ
9^h_ijY^khY^0 Ǽȃǻ / ǼȀǻ
M[bb_d]jed0
Ȅǻ / ȁǻ
7kYabWdZ0
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
9^h_ijY^khY^0
ǼȀ / Ǽǻ
M[bb_d]jed0
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
7kYabWdZ0 ǿȀ% 7i_[, Ǽȃ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW,
ǼȀ% ;lhefW, ǽǽ% EijWjdǅ
9^h_ijY^khY^0 ǽǾ% Aeh[W, ǼȂ% IWkZiaǴ
7hǴX_[, ǼȀ% ǓǅdW, Ǽǽ% 8hWpǅb_[, Ǽǻ% @Wfediae
M[bb_d]jed0 ǾȀ% 7i_[ (Aeh[W, ǓǅdW, @Wfediae), ǽǻ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, Dƻc[Yae,
<hWdY_[), ǽǻ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, Ǔ_b[),
ǽȀ% EijWjdǅ (IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ze Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
fheijehdƽ kǘ[Xdo, ad_êldW, lpZƻbǴlWYǅ
Y[djhkc, feǘǅjWǘelƽ kǘ[Xdo i lebdþc fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, fheijehdǴ ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ
cǅijdeij, f_d]fed]elþ ijĘb, akYôdƻ
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿǅpd_lƽ Y[do lp^b[Z[c a loieaƽ alWb_jƻ Ķaebo, febe^W Ķaeb l Y[djhk cƻijW, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fĿǅijkf.
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_dkj
ǽ + Ǻ jþZ[d ȍd]b_ǘj_do
pZȍhcȍ fhe Zhô_j[b[ M>L!
ĖleZ
ıaebo D[m P[WbWdZ BWd]kW][ 9[djh[i (DPB9) Xobo pWbeô[do l heY[ ǼȄȃǿ. 8ƻ^[c ilƽ
[n_ij[dY[ i_ loXkZelWb_ ZeXhek felƻij W l iekǘWidƽ ZeXƻ fWjĿǅ c[p_ d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅ `Wpoaelƽ
Ķaebo dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk. LĶ[Y^do jĿ_ Ķaebo dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk ìek pdǴco ilek fĿǅ`[cdek heZ_ddek Wjcei\ƽhek. @iek Wah[Z_jelǴdo delepƽbWdZiaek lbǴZek (DPG7) W cW`ǅ
Wah[Z_jWY_ fhe lpZƻbǴlǴdǅ kǘ_j[bĘ Wd]b_ǘj_do eZ ;ZkYWj_ed D[m P[WbWdZ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
DW Delƽc PƽbWdZk cǴ DPB9 Ķaebo l d[`lþpdWcdƻ`ĶǅY^ cƻij[Y^ - 7kYabWdZk, 9^h_ijY^khY^ W M[bb_d]jedk. PWjǅcYe l 7kYabWdZk i[ XkZelW Ķaebo dWY^Ǵpǅ dW j_Y^ƽ kb_Y_ l Y[djhk cƻijW, l[ M[bb_d]jedk W 9^h_ijY^khY^ ìek Ķaebo fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW l[ ǘjlhjǅY^
fbdþY^ aWlǴh[d, h[ijWkhWYǅ W eXYêZĘ.
ıaebo DPB9 dWXǅp[`ǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk akhpĘ. Akhpo fheXǅ^W`ǅ l Ķ[ij_ hĘpdþY^ ĠheldǅY^ eZ ĠfbdþY^
pWǘǴj[ǘdǅaĘ fe feaheǘ_bƽ W fƻj_jþZ[dǅY^ XbeYǅY^ (ahecƻ <9;. 97; W 9;BJ7). Dȍ lþXƻh ìek akhpo eX[Ydƽ ȍd]b_ǘj_do =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, eXYêZdǅ ȍd]b_ǘj_do 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, fĿǅfhȍldƽ akhpo
pȍaedǘ[dƽ c[p_dȏheZdƻ kpdȏlȍdþc_ paekĶaȍc_ <9;, 97;, ?;BJI ȍ JE;<B ȍ akhp fhe kǘ_j[b[
ȍd]b_ǘj_do 9;BJ7. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ pW`ǅcWlþ fhe]hWc DPB9 9?JO B?DA, aj[hþ `[ lêZdþ fhe
pǴ`[cY[, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ fepdWj Y[bþ Delþ PƽbWdZ W hepbeô_j i_ ijkZ_kc Ze lĶ[Y^ jĿǅ cƻij. FĿ_ ijkZ_k ǿ
jþZdo l 7kYabWdZk, ǿ jþZdo l 9^h_ijY^khY^ W ǿ jþZdo l[ M[bb_d]jedk ĶaebW pW`_ijǅ ǽ fĿ[b[jo c[p_
cƻijo pZWhcW. ıaebW jWaƽ Wi_ijk`[ fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅ fhǴY[ W pW`_ĶĨk`[ fhe]hWc Wk fW_h. DPB9 pW`_ĶĨk`[
kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?;BJI (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97; (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
9;BJ7 (ǽǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȁ - Ǿǻ jþZdĘ
7kYab. 9^h_ij. M[bb.
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
Ȁ jþZdĘ
ǽȀǻ
-
-
Ȁ.Ǽ., ȃ.ǽ.,
ǼȀ.Ǿ.,ǼȄ.ǿ., ǽǿ.Ȁ.,
ǽȃ.ȁ., ǽ.ȃ., ȁ.Ȅ.,
ǼǼ.Ǽǻ., ǼȀ.ǼǼ.
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
ǽȃǻ
ǽȄȀǻ
ǽȃǻ
-
-
Ȁ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
ǼȄ.ǿ., ǼȀ.ǼǼ., ǼǾ.Ǽǽ.
KXojelȏdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǽǽǻ
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 DP: ǽǻǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 DP: Ǽȃǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 DP: ȁȀ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j), k YWcXh_Z][iaþY^
akhpĘ <9;, 97; DP: Ǽǻǻ, JE;<B DP: ȃǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 7kYabWdZ P: Ǽǻǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, 9^h_ijY^khY^ W M[bb_d]jed DP: Ȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, <9; W 97; DP: ǽȄǻ, ?;BJI DP: Ǿǿǻ, JE;<B KI:
ǼǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ
789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^
Gk[[dijemd
D M
ǿȂ / ǾȀ
Ǽǻ / ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ǿǽ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae)
ǽȄ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae)
ǽǻ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[)
Ȅ% EijWjdǅ (IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[)
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǿ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, ad_êldW, akYôŦaW, cǅijdeij i j[b[l_pǅ W ZlZ, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
cWbǴ ĶaebW i _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅc fĿǅijkf[c a[ ijkZ[djĘc, Y[dW, beaWb_jW, ceôdeij ifehjeldǅê loô_jǅ (lǘ[jdƻ WZh[dWb_delþY^ ifehjĘ)
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȁǻ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW 789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^ XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǿ W fWjĿǅ c[p_ alWb_jdǅ Ķaebo heZ_ddƽê
jofk. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l cWbþY^ iakf_daǴY^ feZ l[Z[dǅc alWb_ÔaelWdþY^ W pakĶ[dþY^ b[ajehĘ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^ iǅZbǅ l Gk[[dijemdk, aj[hþ fWjĿǅ c[p_ `[Zde p d[`lo^b[ZǴlWdƻ`ĶǅY^
cǅij dW Delƽc PƽbWdZk. Gk[[dijemd `[ ijĿ[Z_iae fhe boôelǴdǅ, jkh_ij_ak W WZh[dWb_delƽ
ifehjo. ıaebk 789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^ dW`Z[j[ fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW. L Xbǅpaeij_ i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ
Y[djhǴbdǅ WkjeXkielǴ pWijǴlaW, eXYêZo, XWdaW, feĶjW W aWlǴhdo. P[ Ķaebo `[ ahǴidþ lþ^b[Z
dW eaebdǅ êho W `[p[he MWaWj_fk.
789 9ebb[][ e\ ;d]b_i^ dWXǅpǅ Ķ_heaek ĶaǴbk akhpĘ eZ =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ W 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^.
8ki_d[ii akhp `[ lokǘelǴd l[ \ehcƻ Ed[ je ed[. Akhpo =[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ bp[ aecX_delWj i
hĘpdþc_ Waj_l_jWc_ `Wae `[ boôelǴdǅ, idemXeWhZ_d], ]eb\ WjZ. (;d]b_i^ + 7Zl[djkh[ 7Yj_l_j_[i, ;d]b_i^ + Ia_ / IdemXeȍhZ_d], ;d]b_i^ + =eb\). PW`ǅcWlek aecX_dWY_ ijkZ_W W fhǴY[ dWXǅpǅ akhp ;d]b_i^ + Meha FbȍY[c[dj. 8ƻ^[c jeêje akhpk ijkZk`[j[ akhp =[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ W cǴj[
eZ Ķaebo pW`_Ķjƻdek feceY fĿ_ ^b[ZǴdǅc fhǴY[ l feZeXƻ fĿǅfhWlo 9L, fĿǅfhWlo dW _dj[hl_[m W pW`_Ķjƻdǅ Ǿ
_dj[hl_[m i[ pWcƻijdWlWj[b_. J[dje akhp `[ fekp[ fhe Zhô_j[bƽ fbWjdþY^ Meha_d] >eb_ZWo lǅp.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ 8ki_d[ii (Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + Meha FbWY[c[dj
;d]b_i^ + 7Yj_l_j_[i (ǼȀ + Ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + =eb\ (ǼȀ + Ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + Ia_ /IdemXeWhZ*(ǼȀ + Ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
7fWhjcǴd, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁ jþZdĘ
ȁ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǼǾ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l DP:
ǽȂǻ
ǾȂǻ
Ǿȁǻ
ǾǾǻ
Ȃǻǻ
ǾȂǻ
ȀȂǻ
ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l DP:
ǽǽǻ**
ǽǼǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
eZ Ŀǅ`dW - alƻjdW
ǽǼ.ȁ. - Ǿ.Ȅ.
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 DP: ǽǻǻ, pW`_Ķjƻdǅ _dj[hl_[m DP: ǽǻǻ (cWn. Ǿ _dj[hl_[m), fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 DP: Ǽȃǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 DP: ȃǻ (fekp[ k YWcXh_Z]iaþY^ akhpĘ <9; W ?;BJI), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 DP: ȄȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ
paekĶao0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
*9[dW pW^hdk`[ ǾahǴj jþZdƻ boôelǴdǅ ǘ_ idemXeWhZ_d] lǘ[jdƻ ia_ fWik l ia_ Wh[Ǵbk 9ehed[j F[Wa, aj[hƽ `[ lpZǴb[dƽ ǽȀ
c_dkj eZ Ķaebo 789.
** L p_cdǅ i[pŘdƻ fĿǅfbWj[a DP: ǽǻ / jþZ[d. P_cdǅ i[pŘdW0 ǽȄ.Ȁ. - ǽ.Ǽǻ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǽȂ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l KI7
KI7
■ LopaekĶ[`j[ i_ ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do l `[Zdec p Ȁǻ ijǴjĘ
ilƻjelƽ l[bceY_ KI7.
■ L KI7 cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj Xkǈ dW i[l[hk, aZ[ `[ Y^bWZdƻ`Ķǅ W lb^ǘǅ feǘWiǅ d[ô l ;lhefƻ, d[Xe dW `_^k, aj[hþ b[ôǅ
l fĿǅ`[cdƽc ikXjhef_Yaƽc W jhef_Yaƽc fǴik.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ MWi^_d]jed :.9.
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c KI: ǽȀǻ / jþZ[d.
■ Cƻdek `[ ZebWh KI:. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a
ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob Ǽȃ,Ȃȃ Aǘ / Ǽ KI:.
<ehj BȍkZ[hZȍb[
<ehj BWkZ[hZWb[ i[ ǼȀǻ ǻǻǻ eXolWj[b_ `[ lpZǴb[de ǽǻ c_b eZ C_Wc_
W Ǿǻ c_b eZ FWbc 8[WY^. Ǔ[aǴ LǴi
pZ[ Ȅǻǻ c_b fbǴôǅ W fĿ[i Ǿǻ ǻǻǻ `[p[h.
D[m Oeha
D[`lþpdWcdƻ`Ķǅ W d[`b_ZdWjƻ`Ķǅ cƻije KI7 fWjĿǅ a d[`lo^b[ZǴlWdƻ`Ķǅc
jkh_ij_Yaþc Z[ij_dWYǅc dW ilƻjƻ.
Bei 7d][b[i
:hk^ƽ d[`lƻjĶǅ cƻije KI7, `[ pdǴcƽ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc lþheXek ÔbcĘ l >ebbomeeZk.
Iȍd <hȍdY_iYe
■ FĿ_ ijkZ_k Ze Ǽȃ êZ. / jþZ[d cǴ ǓH i KI7 X[plǅpelþ
ijoa, ijWǘǅ i[ fekp[ pWh[]_ijhelWj (;IJ7). FĿ_ _dj[dp_ldƻ`Ķǅc ijkZ_k `[ jĿ[XW loĿǅZ_j ijkZ[djiaƽ lǅpkc <Ǽ.
DWY^Ǵpǅ i[ dW pǴfWZdǅc feXĿ[ôǅ l ibkddƽ AWb_\ehd__ W `[
pdǴcƽ ilþc ceij[c =ebZ[d =Wj[ 8h_Z][.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǼȄ. Ǽ., Ǽȁ. ǽ., ǽȀ. Ȁ., ǿ. Ȃ., Ȃ. Ȅ., Ǽǽ.
Ǽǻ., ǽȁ. ǼǼ., ǽȂ.ǼǼ., ǽȀ.Ǽǽ.
8eijed `[ epdWǘelǴd pW ^bWldǅ cƻije lpZƻbǴlǴdǅ W dWXǅpǅ
fĿǅb[ô_jeij_, `Wa ife`_j fepdǴlWYǅ feXoj i[ ijkZ_[c.
8eijed
FhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco l KI7
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b KI7
Fhe]hWc Meha WdZ JhWl[b KI7 `[ akbjkhdƻ lþcƻddþ fhe]hWc, aj[hþ kceôŦk`[ ijkZ[djĘc fhWYelWj W Y[ijelWj
l KI7 Xƻ^[c `[`_Y^ b[jdǅY^ fhǴpZd_d, j`. l eXZeXǅ c[p_
Ǽ.ǘ[hld[c W ǼȀ. Ŀǅ`d[c. ĖǘWijdǅY_ ceêk fhWYelWj c_d_cǴbdƻ Ǿ cƻiǅY[, cWn_cǴbdƻ ǿ cƻiǅY[, W fejƽ Y[ijelWj fe
ZeXk d[`Zƽb[ Ǿǻ ZdĘ.
Fhe]hȍc pȍ^hdk`[
■ Aecfb[jdǅ i[hl_i IJK:OB?D; fĿ_ loĿ_pelǴdǅ fhe]hWck
■ ElƻĿ[dǅ `WpoaelþY^ pdWbeijǅ W ifbdƻdǅ lĶ[Y^ feZcǅd[a
fhe ĠǘWij dW M7J KI7
■ Lǅpelek Zeakc[djWY_ :I-ǽǻǼȄ, Wi_ij[dY_ fĿ_ feZǴdǅ
ôǴZeij_ e lǅpkc
■ FehWZ[dijlǅ fhe dWb[p[dǅ fhǴY[ W kXojelǴdǅ
■ PW`_Ķjƻdǅ fhǴY[ fheijĿ[Zd_Yjlǅc 99? ZWjWXǴp[ (@eX 8eWhZ)
■ ıaeb[dǅ e fhe]hWck M7J KI7 fĿ[Z eZb[j[c
■ FĿǅhkǘaW M7J KI7 fhe aWôZƽê ĠǘWijdǅaW fhe]hWck
■ ǽǿ êZ_delǴ feceY l dekp_ W Ze^b[Z fheijĿ[Zd_Yjlǅc
99?
ǽȃ
LoĿǅp[dǅ lǅp
ĖǘWijdǅY_ fhe]hWck pǅiaW`ǅ @-Ǽ lǅpkc, dW `[êô pǴabWZƻ
ceêk l KI7 loaedǴlWj fhWaj_Yao `Waƽaeb_ pWcƻijdǴdǅ.
LƻjĶ_dW dWXǅp[dþY^ pWcƻijdǴdǅ `[ l eXbWij_ ibkô[X0 êj[bo,
h[ijWkhWY[, eXYêZdǅ Zeco, aWdY[bǴĿiaƽ fhǴY[, fhel_pdǅ
fheZ[`, dǴheZdǅ W pǴXWldǅ fWhao, h[ah[Wǘdǅ eXbWij_ WjZ.
Aȍfbȍd ?dj[hdȍj_edȍb 9ebb[][i - I. 8ȍhXȍhȍ, B. 7., I. <., I. :_[]e, 9^_Yȍ]e,
D. O., 8eijed, I[ȍjjb[, FehjbȍdZ, Mȍi^_d]jed, C_ȍc_, F^_bȍZ[bf^_ȍ, IȍYhȍc[dje
DȏĶ j_f!
D M
IWdjW 8WhXWhW
ǾȀǻ/ǽǻǻ
Bei 7d][b[i
ǿǻǻ/ȃȀ
IWd <hWdY_iYe
ǿȀǻ/ǼȀǻ
IWd :_[]e
ǼȄǻ/Ǽǽǻ
9^_YW]e
Ǽǽǻ/ȃȀ
DO ;cf_h[
ȁȀǻ/ǿȀǻ
DO C_Zjemd
ȀȂǻ/ǿȀǻ
DO ;Wij L_bbW][
ǽȀǻ/ǼȀǻ
ǼȀ/Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
Iȍdjȍ 8ȍhXȍhȍ0 Ǿȁ% ǓǅdW, ǼǼ% ılþYWhiae,
Ǽǻ% Aeh[W, ȃ% @Wfediae, ȃ% 8hWpǅb_[
Bei 7d][b[i0 ǾȀ% ǓǅdW, ǽǽ% @Wfediae, ǼǾ%
Aeh[W, Ǽǻ% JW_mWd, Ȃ% <hWdY_[
Iȍd <hȍdY_iYe0 ǽǽ% Aeh[W, Ǽȃ% ǓǅdW, Ȅ% @Wfediae, Ȃ% <hWdY_[, ȁ% JW_mWd
Iȍd :_[]e0 ǽȂ% Aeh[W, Ǽǿ% ılþYWhiae, Ǽǽ%
IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[, ȃ% @Wfediae, ȁ% 8hWpǅb_[
9^_Yȍ]e0 ǼȄ% Aeh[W, Ǽǿ% IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[,
Ȅ% Jkh[Yae, Ȃ% 8hWpǅb_[, ȁ% <hWdY_[
D[m Oeha ;cf_h[0 ǽȂ% Aeh[W, ǼȀ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ǽǻ% @Wfediae, ȃ% <hWdY_[, ȁ% Dƻc[Yae
D[m Oeha ;ȍij L_bbȍ][0 ǽȁ% Aeh[W, Ǽǽ%
@Wfediae, Ȃ% <hWdY_[, ȁ% Jkh[Yae, Ȁ%
JW_mWd
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ZeXĿ[ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, ad_êldW, ^Ŀ_Ķjƻ, fbWl[Yaþ XWpƽd, jƻbeYl_ǘdW (fekp[ l IWdjW 8WhXWhW, B.7., 9^_YW]e,8eijed), m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
c[p_dǴheZdǅ _dij_jkY[, lêZdƽ fhe dǴheǘdƽ
ab_[djo, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW Z[ij_dWYǅ, Zbekêb[jǴ
jhWZ_Y[
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i `[ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[, aj[hǴ dWXǅpǅ Ȃǻ b[j pakĶ[deijǅ i[ lpZƻbǴlǴdǅc W Ķaebo fe Y[bƽc ilƻjƻ. LþXƻh[c AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i i[ fĿ_fe`ǅj[ a j_iǅYĘc ijkZ[djĘ,
aj[Ŀǅ `_ô p[ pakĶ[deijǅ AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i
fhe\_jk`ǅ. AlWb_\_aelWdǅ W fĿǴj[bĶjǅ kǘ_j[bƽ cej_lk`ǅ ijkZ[djo a [\[aj_ldǅck ijkZ_k, aj[hƽ l[Z[ a `[`_Y^ hoY^bƽck pb[fĶelǴdǅ `WpoaelþY^ iYêfdeijǅ. AWôZþ ijkZ[dj
eXZhôǅ fe kaedǘ[dǅ ijkZ_W AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i 9[hj_\_YWj[, aj[hþ Zeakc[djk`[ ZeiWô[dþ feahea
W Ġhel[Ŧ Wd]b_ǘj_do. D[`[d kǘ_j[bƽ, Wb[ _ eijWjdǅ pWcƻijdWdY_ Ķaebo ìek fhe\[i_edǴbelƽ i eieXdǅc fĿǅijkf[c
a[ ijkZ[djĘc. AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i `[ l KI7
Wah[Z_jelǴd 799;J W `[ ǘb[d[c eh]Wd_pWYǅ 77?;F, J;IEB W D7<I7.
Beaȍb_jȍ
Iȍdjȍ 8ȍhXȍhȍ Æ ĶaebW b[ôǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW l ahǴidƽc
fĿǅceĿiaƽc aWcfkik kd_l[hp_jo I899, `[d fǴh c_dkj
eZ fbǴô[. Bei 7d][b[i Æ ĶaebW `[ kcǅijƻdW dW M^_jj_[h
9ebb[][, aj[hǴ cǴ lod_aW`ǅYǅ h[fkjWY_. ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l fĿǅcƻijiaƽ ǘjlhj_ M^_jj_[h, lþYêZdƻ eZ B.7..
:WbĶǅ aWcfki `[ l[ ǘjlhj_ M[ijmeeZ. Iȍd <hȍdY_iYe Æ ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ihZY_ cƻijW l fǴjƽc fWjĿ[
eXYêZdǅê Y[djhW. Iȍd :_[]e Æ ĶaebW `[ kcǅijƻdW l eXbǅX[dƽc h[ah[Wǘdǅc b[jel_iak BW @ebbW, fekp[
Ȁ c_dkj eZ Ġj[iĘ W XǅbþY^ fǅiǘ_jþY^ fbǴôǅ FWY_\_ak. 9^_Yȍ]e Æ ĶaebW `[ kcǅijƻdW fĿǅce l Y[djhk, Zhk^Ǵ
dW ?bb_de_i ?dij_jkj[ e\ J[Y^debe]o, fǴh c_dkj lbWa[c Ze Y[djhW. D[m Oeha Æ lþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l ȁǾ. fWjĿ[
;cf_h[ IjWj[ 8k_bZ_d], i dǴZ^[hdþc lþ^b[Z[c. AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][ cǴ l DO `[Ķjƻ _ ZWbĶǅ
Zlƻ Y[djhW W je l ;Wij L_bbW][ W C_Zjemd. I[ȍjjb[ - d[`delƻ`Ķǅ ĶaebW AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i,
iǅZbǅYǅ l Y[djhk I[Wjjbk. C_ȍc_Æ ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l dǴZ^[hdƽ ǘjlhj_ 9ehWb =WXb[i, aj[hǴ `[ pdǴcǴ Zǅao
cde^W ^_ijeh_Yaþc fWcƻj_êZdeij[c. L Xbǅpaeij_ Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ d[`lƻjĶǅ XejWd_YaǴ pW^hWZW l KI7,
ǽǽ fWhaĘ W ǾǾ j[d_ielþY^ akhjĘ. ? eijWjdǅ Ķaebo AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i ìek pfhWl_bW l Y[djh[Y^
cƻij, dƻaj[hƽ l Xbǅpaeij_ fbǴôǅ.
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i dWXǅpǅ l KI7 Ķ_heaƽ if[ajhkc `WpoaelþY^ akhpĘ, lêZdþY^ fhe
lĶ[Y^do lƻaelƽ aWj[]eh_[ W `Wpoaelƽ Ġheldƻ. @iek je akhpo LȍYȍj_ed ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
=[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǻǹ b[aYǅ =; + ȁ leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ
+ Ȁ b[aYǅ iȍceijkZ_ȍ / jþZ[d). K leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ cĘô[j[ loXǅhWj p0 LeYWXkbWho, 9khh[dj 7W_hi, BeYWb
9kbjkh[ d[Xe 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^. FĿ_ ijhkajkhelWdƽc iWceijkZ_k cǴj[ fĿǅijkf a[ lĶ[c lþkaelþc cWj[h_ǴbĘc, _dj[hWaj_ldǅc fhe]hWcĘc W kǘ[Xdǅc cWj[h_ǴbĘc. C[p_ ZbekêZeXƽ fhe]hWco fWjĿǅ 7YȍZ[c_Y
I[c[ij[h / O[ȍh. A?9 dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ akhp pWaedǘ[dþ c[p_dǴheZdǅ paekĶaek JE;<B W akhp pWcƻĿ[dþ dW
eXYêZdǅ j[hc_debe]__ 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǻǹ b[aYǅ =; + ȁ b[aYǅ 8; + Ȁ b[aYǅ iȍceijkZ_ȍ / jþZ[d).
FĿ_ ijkZ_k 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ i[ pZeaedWbǅj[ l aeckd_aWY_ fĿ_ eXYêZdǅY^ `[ZdǴdǅY^, l i[ijWlelǴdǅ
eXYêZdǅY^ Zef_iĘ WjZ. Fhe]hWc `[ khǘ[d fhe c_d_cǴbdƻ ijĿ[Zdƻ feaheǘ_bƽ Wd]b_ǘj_dǴĿ[. A?9
dWXǅpǅ akhpo 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ l IWd <hWdY_iYk W D[m Oehak. Fhe pǴ`[cY[ e _dj[dp_ldǅ lþkak dWXǅpǅ
A?9 akhp Ed[ je ed[, Xƻ^[c aj[hþY^ i[ b[ajeh pWcƻĿǅ fĿ[idƻ dW lWĶ[ fejĿ[Xo. KXojelǴdǅ `[ ceôdƽ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ W l h[p_Z[dYǅY^ X[p ijhWlo. Aecfb[jdǅ Y[do W dWXǅZak
kXojelǴdǅ LǴc hǴZ_ feiaojd[c[ l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^.
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d l KI:
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȃ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B (ǽǻ + ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽǻ + Ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽȃ + Ȃ + b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, Zle`bĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW*
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW*
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ - Ǽȁ jþZdĘ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ıaebo ahecƻ DO
D[m Oeha
ǽǿǻ
ǽȀȀ
ǾǻȀ
ǾǻȀ
ǾǻȀ
ǽǽȀ
ǽǿȃ
ǽǼǾ
ǽǾȀ
ȁǻǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȁȀ
ǾǼȀ
ǾǼȀ
ǾǼȀ
ǽǽȀ
ǽǿȃ
ǽǼǾ
ǽǾȀ
ȁǻǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǼ.
ǿ. Ǽ., Ǽǽ. ǿ., ǽǼ. ȁ., ǽȂ. Ȅ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
Ǽȁǻ - ǽǾǻ
ǽǻȀ - ǽȄȀ
ǼǽȀ - ǿǻǻ
ǽǻȀ - ȁȀǻ
aWôZek ieXejk
Pȏf_idƽ0 KI: ǼǼǻ,fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 KI: ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 KI: Ȁǻ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j, ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 eZ KI: ȁǻ Ze ǽȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0
>ec[ijWo b[jdǅ fĿǅfbWj[a0 KI: ǽȀ / jþZ[d.
B[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ. ȁ. Æ ǽȃ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
* L dƻaj[hþY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^ `[ l Y[dƻ ijhWlW.
ǽȄ
;cXȍiio 9;I
8eijed, <j. BȍkZ[hZȍb[, Bei 7d][b[i, D[m Oeha, Iȍd :_[]e, Iȍd <hȍdY_iYe, I[ȍjjb[
D J M
ĖleZ
;cXWiio 9;I `[ ǘb[d[c eh]Wd_pWY[ IjkZo =hekf ?dj[hdWj_edWb. ıaebo ;cXWiio 9;I dWXǅp[`ǅ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak akhpĘ W kXojelǴdǅ. ;cXWiio 9;I l KI7 `[ ǘb[d[c 799;J. L heY[ ǽǻǻȂ
;cXWiio 9;I pǅiaWbW eZ ǘWief_ik BWd]kW][ JhWl[b CW]Wp_d[
eY[dƻdǅ pW d[`b[fĶǅ Ķaebk l aWj[]eh__ Ŀ[jƻpYĘ Ķaeb.
8eijed
<j. BWkZ[hZWb[
Bei 7d][b[i
D[m Oeha
IWd :_[]e
IWd <hWdY_iYe
I[Wjjb[
Ǿǻǻ / Ǽǻǻ
ǼȀǻ / Ǽǻǻ
ǼȀǻ / ȁǻ
ȁǻǻ / ǿȃǻ
ǽȀǻ / Ǽǽǻ
Ǽȃǻ / Ǽǻǻ
ǼȀǻ / ȃǻ
Beaȍb_jȍ
LĶ[Y^do Ķaebo ;cXWiio 9;I ìek kcǅijƻdo l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij, p[
aj[hþY^ i[ b[^Y[ ZefhWlǅj[ aWcaeb_l W i[ idWZdþc fĿǅijkf[c
a eXYêZĘc, h[ijWkhWYǅc W Y[djhĘc pǴXWlo.
Akhpo
=; / 8;
9WcXh_Z][
JE;<B
:_fbecW
ǼȀ / ǼȀ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǽ
ǼȀ / ǼȀ
Ǽȁ / Ǽȁ
Dȍ ĶaebȏY^ ;cXȍiio 9;I cĘô[j[ ijkZelȍj akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (DO, 8E, I:, I<),
YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ akhpo <9; ȍ 97; (<B, DO, I:, I<), JE;<B
ȍ JE;?9 (DO, 8E, I:, I<). L fĿǅfWZƻ, ô[ Y^Y[j[ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ ijhǴl_j WaWZ[c_Yaþ hea, dW ;cXWiio bp[ ijkZelWj Wd]b_ǘj_dk
W if[Y_Wb_pelWdƽ fĿ[Zcƻjo Zb[ lþXƻhk pW plþêZdƻdek Y[dk.
@Z[ e fhe]hȍco 7YȍZ[c_Y O[ȍh - ȍaȍZ[c_Yaþ hea (ǼǼ jþZdĘ)
d[Xe 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h - ȍaȍZ[c_Yaþ i[c[ijh (ǻǻ jþZdĘ).
Akhpo dWXǅp[`ǅ fhe]h[i_ldǅ ijkZ_kc Wd]b_ǘj_do l _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ
b[aYǅ + ȃ leb_j[bdþY^ b[aYǅ jþZdƻ, Yeô ceêk Xþj dWfĿ.0 9kbjkh[
WdZ IeY_[jo, <_bc IjkZ_[i, C[Z_W IjkZ_[i, ?;BJI Fh[fWhWj_ed, H[i[WhY^ WdZ Fh[i[djWj_ed Ia_bbi, 8ki_d[ii 9ecckd_YWj_ed, Kd_l[hi_jo IjkZ_[i WjZ. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ d[Xe
l h[p_Z[dYǅY^. 8ƻ^[c bƽjW dWXǅpǅ ĶaebW ;cXWiio 9;I akhpo fhe `kd_eho Ikcc[h IYêeb. IjkZ[dj_ i[
jWa dWkǘǅ `Wpoa W pǴhel[Ŧ fepdW`ǅ 7c[h_ak, d[XeĨ l hǴcY_ akhpk ìek _ Waj_l_jo lǘ[jdƻ [nakhpǅ W lþb[jĘ
Ze pdǴcþY^ cǅij. E fhe]hWc ijkZ[djĘ i[ ijWhW`ǅ Xƻ^[c Y[bƽê Zd[ pakĶ[dǅ kǘ_j[bƽ. L Y[dƻ akhpk Ikcc[h IYêeb `[ Wd]b_ǘj_dW l _dj[dp_jƻ ǼȀ b[aYǅ pW jþZ[d, kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ i fbdek f[dpǅ W Waj_l_jo.
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǽ - Ǽȃ b[j
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc, ceZ[hdǅ W ZeXĿ[
loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij,
l[ lĶ[Y^ ĶaebǴY^ `[ X[pZhǴjelƽ fĿ_fe`[dǅ
a _dj[hd[jk
8eijed0 aWlǴhdW, Wjb[j_Yaƽ Y[djhkc i fei_beldek, \ejXWbelƽ ^Ŀ_Ķjƻ W j[d_ielƽ akhjo
I[ȍjjb[0 jƻbeYl_ǘdW, ^h_Ķjƻ, ]eb\, XWpƽd,
Z_lWZbe W aedY[hjdǅ ^WbW, kd_l[hp_jdǅ ad_âkf[Yjlǅ,
B. 7.0 aWlǴhdW W ad_êldW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Ǿǻ b[jǴ jhWZ_Y[, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ W pakĶ[dǅ
kǘ_j[bƽ, ceZ[hdǅ W fheijehdƽ kǘ[Xdo, ialƻbƽ
loXWl[dǅ, fĿǅ`[cdǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc ifehjeldǅY^ W akbjkhdǅY^ Waj_l_j
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_dkj
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^
(ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B, JE;?9 (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97; (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ikcc[h IYêeb*
KXojelȏdǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW **
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW **
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ Æ ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȁ jþZdĘ
Ȃ Æ ǼǼ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǾǾ jþZdĘ
c_d. jþZ[d
DO
ǽȂǿ
ǽȀǿ
ǽǾǽ
ǾǿȀ
ǾǽǾ
ǽȄǿ
ǿǻȀ
Ǿȃǻ, ǾǿȀ
ǽǽȃ
ǽǽǿ
ǼǻǿȀ
DO
Ǿȁǻ
ǾǾǻ
ǿȄǻ
8E
ǽǿǾ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǽȁ
ǾǻȂ
ǽȄǿ
ǽȃȀ
ǾȁǼ
ǽǽȃ
ǽǽǾ
ǼǻǿȀ
8E
ǽȂǻ
ǾǽȀ
ǾǿȀ
ȀȀȀ
B7
I:
I<
ǽǿǾ
ǽǿǾ
ǽǿǾ
ǽǾȀ
ǽǾǿ
ǽǾǿ
ǽǽȁ
ǽǽȁ
ǽǽȁ
ǾǼǼ
ǾǻȂ
ǾǻȂ
ǽȄȃ
ǽȄǿ
ǽȄǿ
ǽȄǿ
ǽȃȀ
ǽȃȀ
Ǿȁȁ
ǾȁǼ
ǾȁǼ
ǾǾȀ
ǾǾȀ
ǽǽǼ
ǽǽȃ
ǽǾǽ
ǽǽǾ
ǽǼȂ
ǽǽȂ
ǼǻǿȀ
ȄȄȀ
ǼǻǿȀ
B7
I:
I<
ǽȀȀ
ǽǿǻ
ǽȂǻ
Ǿǽǻ
ǾǻȀ
ǾǾǻ
ǽȁǻ
ǽǻȀ
ǽȂȀ
ǽȁȀ
-
I;
ǽǾȀ
ǽǽȁ
ǽǼȂ
ǽȄȃ
ǽȃȄ
ǽȃȀ
ǾȀǻ
ǽǾǼ
ǽǼȄ
ǼǻǽȀ
I;
ǽǿȀ
ǽȂȀ
ǽȄȀ
ǾȄȀ
<B
ǽǾǻ
ǽǽȁ
ǽǼȂ
ǽȄȃ
ǽȃȄ
ǽȃȀ
ǾȀǻ
ǾǾȀ
ǽǼȁ
ǽǻǾ
ȄȄȀ
<B
ǽȁȀ
ǾǻȀ
ǽȂǻ
ǿȁǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
ǿ.Ǽ., Ȁ.ǿ., Ȁ.Ȃ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 KI: ǼǿȄ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 KI: ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 KI: ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 eZ KI: ȁȀ Ze ǽǻǿ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9;, 97; KI: ǿǽǽ, JE;<B KI: ǼȂǻ,
JE;?9 KI: ȂȀ, I[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 h[p_Z[dY[ loieaǴ i[pŘdW KI: ǿǻ / jþZ[d (fekp[ DO W 8eijed).
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ȃ. Æ Ǿ. Ǽǻ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ Ǿ. Ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǿ. Ǽǻ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
* L Y[dƻ fhe]hWck `[ akhp Wd]b_ǘj_do =; (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_ i fbdek f[dpǅ, Waj_l_jo fhe `kd_eho l[ lƻak Ǽǽ - Ǽȃ b[j.
** L IWd <hWdY_iYk `[ l Y[dƻ febef[dp[, l[ <j. BWkZ[hZWb[ `[ lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW.
Ǿǻ
;khef[ȍd 9[djh[
8eijed, Iȍd :_[]e, D[m Oeha
D J M
8eijed0
Ǽȃǻ / ȁǻ
Iȍd :_[]e0
ǽǽǻ / Ǽǻǻ
D[m Oeha0
ǽǽǿ / ȃǻ
8eijed0
Ǽǿ / ǼǾ
Iȍd :_[]e0
Ǽǻ / Ȅ
D[m Oeha0
Ǽǿ / Ǽǿ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j (loieaǴ i[pŘdW Ǽȃ b[j)
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǿ - Ǽȃ b[j
`kd_eĿ_ \h[[ijob[0 Ǽȁ - ǽǻ b[j
8eijed0
ǼȂ% Aeh[W, Ǽǽ% ıfWdƻbiae, ȃ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW, Ȃ% Jkh[Yae, ȁ% ?jǴb_[
Iȍd :_[]e0
ǽǻ% ılþYWhiae, ǼȂ% Aeh[W, Ȅ% ?jǴb_[, Ȁ%
@Wfediae, Ȁ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
D[m Oeha0
Ǽȃ% Aeh[W, ǼǾ% ?jǴb_[, Ǽǽ% @Wfediae, ȃ%
Jkh[Yae, Ȃ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
feǘǅjWǘelƽ kǘ[Xdo i m_Ô, WkZ_e, ad_êldW W
pŘdW fhe ijkZ[djo, l IWd :_[]k jWaƽ j[hWiW i
lþ^b[Z[c dW eY[Ǵd.
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ W Waj_l_j, WjhWaj_ldǅ
febe^W lĶ[Y^ Ķaeb ;9
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;9 `[ `[Zdek p d[àlWb_jdƻ`ĶǅY^ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[XdǴY^ W
i[ pakĶ[dþc_ b[ajeho.
Beaȍb_jȍ
8eijed - ĶaebW iǅZbǅ l Xbǅpaeij_ Y[djhW 8eijedk. Iȍd :_[]e - ĶaebW iǅZbǅ l ceZ[hdǅ ǘjlhj_ BW @ebbW, `[d
fǴh c_dkj eZ fbǴô[. P XkZelo Ķaebo `[ dǴZ^[hdþ lþ^b[Z dW FWY_\_Yaþ eY[Ǵd. D[m Oeha - ĶaebW l D[m
Oehak i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ dW J_c[i IgkWh[, `[d fǴh c_dkj eZ 8heWZmWo[ ǘ_ ;cf_h[ IjWj[ 8k_bZ_d].
Akhpo
;9 dȍXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ ȍ ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ akhpo <9;, 97;, 9F; ȍ ?;BJI ȍ JE;<B.
Fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ loôWZk`ǅ ijkZ_kc Ķ_jƽ dW cǅhk, ;9 dWXǅpǅ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ lþkak l akhp[Y^ Ed[ je ed[ W
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ C_d_]hekf. Fhe cbWZĶǅ ijkZ[djo ìek `kd_ehiaƽ akhpo @kd_eh 9ekhi[ ȍ @kd_eh <h[[ijob[.
KXojelǴdǅ dWXǅpǅ ;9 l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, h[p_Z[dYǅY^ W WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
8E
I:
DO
ǽȂȀ
ǽȂȀ
Ǿǽǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȄǻ
ǾȀǻ
ǾȀǻ
ǿǼȀ
Ǿǽǻ
Ǿǽǻ
Ǿȃǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
Ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
<9;, 97;, 9F;, (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
-
Ǿǽǻ
Ǿȃǻ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ǾȀǻ
ȀȀǻ
ǾȀǻ
ȀȀǻ
ǿǼȀ
ȁǼǻ
-
ǿ.Ǽ., ǽǾ.
Ǿ., ǼǾ.Ȅ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǽǻȃȃ
-
-
ǽȁ.ȁ. - Ǽǿ.ȃ.
-
-
ȄȁǾ
Ǿ.Ȃ. - Ǽǿ.ȃ.
?;BJI, JE;<B (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
@kd_eh <h[[ijob[ (=; ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d,
êij[b, febef[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
ȁȂǻ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
8E
I:
DO
ǽǽȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽȀȀ
ǽȃȀ
ǽȃȀ
ǾǼǻ
Ȁǽǻ
ǽǽȀ
ǽȁǻ
ǿǾǻ
ǾȃȀ
ǾǼǻ
ǾǼǻ
KXojelȏdǅ
7fWhjcǴdo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
7fWhjcǴdo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek
ieXejk
Pȏf_idƽ0 KI: ǼȀǻ, @kd_eh 9ekhi[ KI: ȃǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 KI: ȃǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 KI: ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ
b[j_Ķj_0 8eijed KI: Ǽǻǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, IWd :_[]e KI: ȄȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, D[m Oeha KI: ǼǾǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk. L Y[dƻ akhpk
ìek pȍ^hdkjo kǘ[Xd_Y[ ȍ lþkaelƽ cȍj[h_ȏbo, ȍd]b_Yaƽ ȍaj_l_jo ȍ mehaiêfo ȍfĿǅijkf a _dj[hd[jk.FĿǅfbWjao l[ loieaƽ
i[pŘdƻ0 kXojelǴdǅ KI: ǽȀ / jþZ[d. L 7fWhjcǴd[Y^ i[ ^hWZǅ lhWjdþ Z[fep_j KI: ǼȀǻ. LoieaǴ i[pŘdW0ǼȄ.ȁ. - Ǽȃ.Ȅ.ǽǻǼǻ.
B7B KI7
<j. BȍkZ[hZȍb[, 8eYȍ Hȍjed
D J M
ǽǻǻ / ȃȀ
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^
Ǽǽ / Ȅ
9WcXh_Z][
Ǽǽ / ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǾ - Ǽȃ b[j
Ȃǻ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, <hWdY_[, 8[b]_[,
?jǴb_[, Ǔ[iae)
ȃ% 7i_[ (Aeh[W, @Wfediae, J^Wìae)
ȃ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, F[hk)
ǽ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW (AWdWZW)
Ǽǽ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǿ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j
pZWhcW, ǽ `Wpoaelƽ bWXehWjeĿ[, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ
cǅijdeij, fĘ`ǘeldW aeb W Wkj, l h[p_Z[dY_ XWpƽd, `WYkpp_, fei_beldW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ W Waj_l_j, febe^W Xbǅpae
fbǴô[
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW B7B KI7 XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǽ. @[ iekǘǴijǅ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[ B7B. AlWb_jdǅ
lþkaW aecX_dk`[ jhWZ_ǘdǅ c[jeZo i d[`delƻ`Ķǅc_ j[Y^d_aWc_, fheXǅ^Ǵ l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW l[ <j. BȍkZ[hZȍb[ iǅZbǅ dW `[Zdƽ p ^bWldǅY^ kb_Y dWfhej_ pWijǴlY[ cƻijiaƽ ZefhWlo. L eaebǅ `[
ifekijW eXYêZĘ, abkXĘ, h[ijWkhWYǅ W aWlǴh[d. 8eYȍ Hȍjed `[ fĿǅceĿiaƽ b[jel_iae feXbǅô <j. BWkZhZWb[, aZ[ fheXǅ^W`ǅ `kd_ehiaƽ akhpo.
Akhpo
B7B KI7 dWXǅpǅ Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc akhpĘ, kXojelǴdǅ W Waj_l_j fhe lebdþ ǘWi. ıaebȍ dȍXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, JE;<B, JE;?9, Ed[ je ed[, <9; ȍ 97;. L
dȍXǅZY[ ìek jȍaƽ b[jdǅ akhpo fhe `kd_eho, aj[hƽ ìek eh]ȍd_pelȏdo l 8eYȍ Hȍjed dȍ cǅijdǅ iekahecƽ kd_l[hp_jƻ. Akhpo, kXojelǴdǅ W ifehjel_Ķjƻ ìek l `[Zdec aecfb[nk. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ W ĶaebdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^ W WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
JE;<B, JE;?9 (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (=; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[p_Z[dY[, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
Ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d
l KI:
ǽȁǼ
ǽǿǻ
ǽǾǻ
ǾȀǾ
ǾǽȀ
ǾǼǼ
ǾȄȀ
ȁǻǻ
ǿ jþZdo
ǿǽȀ
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǾȄǻ
aWôZƽ Ǿ. fedZƻbǅ
l cƻiǅY_
ǽȄ. Ǿ., ǽǻ. Ȅ..
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǼǻȀȀ
ǽȃ.ȁ. - ǽ.ȃ.
KXojelȏdǅ
BW Gk_djW ?dd IjkZ[dj >ej[b, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
BW Gk_djW ?dd IjkZ[dj >ej[b, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d
l KI:
ǽǻǾ
ǽǾǼ
ǽǾǼ
ǿǼǾ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 KI: Ǽǽǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 KI: ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 KI: ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 C_Wc_ KI: Ȅǻ
/ `[Zdk Y[ijk, <j. BWkZ[hZWb[ KI: ǿȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 IjkZ[dj >ej[b0 `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` KI: ǼȃȄ /
jþZ[d, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae` KI: ǼǼȄ / jþZ[d. Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǽ. Ǽ. - Ǽȃ. ǿ. W Ǽǽ. Ǽǽ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǼȄ. ǿ. Æ ǼǼ.
Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽȂ. Ǽǽ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǾǼ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l AȍdȍZƻ
AȍdȍZȍ
■ Lokô_`j[ jhWZ_ǘdǅ feêij_ddeij_ W lijĿǅYdeij_ a Y_p_dYĘc
W `[ǈj[ ijkZelWj Ze AWdWZo. ĖY^lWjdǴ fĿǅheZW W lod_aW`ǅYǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ ioijƽc l[Zek a `Widƽck pǴlƻhk, ô[
AWdWZW kifeae`ǅ _ jo d[`dǴheǘdƻ`Ķǅ ijkZ[djo.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ EjjWlW.
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c 97: Ǿǻǻ / jþZ[d.
■ Cƻdek `[ aWdWZiaþ ZebWh 97:. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[`
ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob ǼȂ,Ȅǿ Aǘ / Ǽ 97:.
■ Fhe eXǘWdo ǓH XobW l heY[ ǽǻǻȄ pWl[Z[dW lǅpelǴ fel_ddeij. I loĿǅp[dǅc lǅp lǴc hǴZ_ fecĘô[c[.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., Ǽȁ.ǽ., Ǽǻ.ǿ., ǼǾ.ǿ., Ǽȃ. Ȁ., Ǽ.Ȃ., Ǿ. ȃ.,
Ȃ. Ȅ., Ǽǽ.Ǽǻ., ǼǼ.ǼǼ., ǽȀ.Ǽǽ., ǽȁ.Ǽǽ. ǽȃ.Ǽǽ.
LȍdYekl[h
FĿǅijWldǅc cƻije l `_êpǴfWZdǅ ǘǴij_ 8h_jiaƽ AebkcX_[ `[
Zecel[c lǅY[ d[ô ǽ c_b. eXolWj[b. Ife`[dǅ fĿǅ`[cdƽê
feZd[Xǅ W dǴZ^[hdƽ iY[dƽh_[ jleĿ[dƽ ceĿ[c W êhWc_
i _Z[Ǵbdǅc_ feZcǅdaWc_ fhe boôWĿ[ p dƻ` ZƻbǴ `[Zde p d[`lǅY[ dWlĶjƻlelWdþY^ cǅij I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_ao.
M^_ijb[h
D[`lo^b[ZǴlWdƻ`Ķǅ ijĿ[Z_iae p_cdǅY^ ifehjĘ l I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_Y[,
lpZǴb[dƽ ǽ êZ_do `ǅpZo eZ LWdYekl[hk. :ƻ`_Ķjƻ PE> ǽǻǼǻ.
Jehedje
D[`lƻjĶǅ aWdWZiaƽ cƻije i lǅY[ d[ô Ȁ c_b_Řdo eXolWj[b, b[ôǅYǅ dW XĿ[^k `[p[hW EdjWh_W l fhel_dY__ EdjWh_e. @[ akbjkhdǅ
W [aedec_Yaek c[jhefebǅ AWdWZo.
Cedjh[ȍb
Cedjh[Wb `[ fe FWĿǅô_ Zhk^þc d[`lƻjĶǅc \hWdYekpiao êleĿǅYǅc cƻij[c dW ilƻjƻ. IjkZelWj pZ[ cĘô[j[ Wd]b_ǘj_dk
d[Xe \hWdYekpĶj_dk.
FhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍco l AȍdȍZƻ
Meha ȍdZ Jhȍl[b 9ȍdȍZȍ
EZ Ŀǅ`dW ǽǻǻȂ `[ dW pǴabWZƻ ZeêZo c[p_ Ǔ[iaek h[fkXb_aek W AWdWZek kceôdƻde cbWZþc b_Z[c i ǘ[iaþc eXǘWdijlǅc loY[ijelWj Ze AWdWZo l hǴcY_ fhe]hWck Meha_d]
>eb_ZWo IY^[c[. CbWZǅ b_Zƽ jWaje ceêk ijhǴl_j ĠôWidþY^
Ǽǽ cƻiǅYĘ l AWdWZƻ. Ceêk jWc fhWYelWj, fepdǴlWj AWdWǈWdo W `[`_Y^ ô_lejdǅ ijob, kd_aǴjdǅ fĿǅheZdǅ ahǴio, aj[hƽ
d[dW`Zek d_aZ[ `_dZ[. :ǅao jeckje fhe]hWck ĠǘWijdǅY_ pǅiaW`ǅ c[p_dǴheZdǅ fhWYeldǅ pakĶ[deij_, loZƻbW`ǅ i_ f[dǅp[ dW
Y[ijelǴdǅ ǘ_ ijkZ_kc, fepdW`ǅ cǅijdǅ akbjkhk W iWcepĿ[`cƻ
9WdWZ_Wd mWo e\ b_\[.
Ǿǽ
Lȍh_ȍdjo fhe]hȍck0
■ IjȍdZȍhZ I[hl_Y[ Æ fhǴY_ ^b[ZǴj[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk Ze AWdWZo l[ ifebkfhǴY_ i eh]Wd_pǴjeh[c fhe]hWck. DǴijkf `[
aZoaeb_l Xƻ^[c heak.
■ <kbb I[hl_Y[ Æ fhǴY_ cǴj[ pW`_Ķjƻdek fĿ[Z eZ`[pZ[c
Ze AWdWZo. DǴijkf `[ aZoaeb_l Xƻ^[c heak. FeZcǅdaek fhe fĿ_`[jǅ Ze fhe]hWck `[ c_d_cǴbdƻ kff[h _dj[hc[Z_Wj[ Ġhel[Ŧ Wd]b_ǘj_do.
:[jW_bdǅ _d\ehcWY[ e fhe]hWck Meha WdZ JhWl[b 9WdWZW
dW`Zj[ dW m[Xk mmm.ijkZob_d[.Yp.
LȍdYekl[h, Jehedje
D M
LȍdYekl[h0 ȁǻǻ / ȀȀǻ
Jehedje0 ǿǻǻ / Ǿǻǻ
ǼȀ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
Ǿǻ% 7i_[
ǽȀ% ;lhefW
ǽȀ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ǼȀ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ȁ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ, alWb_jdƻ loXWl[dƽ jĿǅZo, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ
feǘǅjWǘelƽ Y[djhkc i _dj[hd[j[c, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ
cǅijdeij, l[daeldǅ j[hWiW (LWdYekl[h), m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
c[p_dǴheZdǅ _dij_jkY[, loieaǴ alWb_jW lþkao,
dǴheZdeijdǅ ibeô[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i `[ c[p_dǴheZdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[, aj[hǴ cǴ ilƻjelƽ h[decƽ. L AWdWZƻ fĘieXǅ ǽǻ b[j. AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i l AWdWZƻ fĘieXǅ feZ dǴpl[c FWY_ÔY BWd]kW][
?dij_jkj[.
Beaȍb_jȍ
LȍdYekl[h Æ ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW, feXbǅô ibWldƽ HeXied Ijh[[j, IjWdb[ofWhak W fbǴôǅ.
Jehedje Æ ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW, l Xbǅpaeij_ cde^W h[ijWkhWYǅ, aWlǴh[d W Kd_l[hi_jo e\ Jehedje.
DWXǅZaW Ķaeb AWfbWd ?dj[hdWj_edWb 9ebb[][i l AWdWZƻ pW^hdk`[ Ķ_heaƽ if[ajhkc `WpoaelþY^ akhpĘ
W ceZ[hdǅY^ lþkaelþY^ fhe]hWcĘ0 =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, JE;<B,
;d]b_i^ \eh 7YȍZ[c_Y ;d]b_i^ (ǺǾ b[aYǅ JE;<B + ǻǹ b[aYǅ ijhkajkhelȍdƽê ijkZ_ȍ), YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ
akhpo <9;, 97;, 9F; (Ǽǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d + ǽ b[aY[ i[c_dȏĿ[), 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h, 7YȍZ[c_Y O[ȍh,
Ed[ je ed[ ȍ ijkZ_`dƻ fhȍYeldǅ fhe]hȍc EFKI ǿ. KXojelǴdǅ ĶaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ l f[ǘb_lƻ loXǅhWdþY^
êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ W WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
9[dȍ pȍ jþZ[d l 97:
Ǿǻǻ
ǽȄǻ
ǾȄȀ
ǾȂǻ
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
=[d[hWb ;d]b_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B (ǾȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ \eh 7YWZ[c_Y Fkhfei[i (ǾȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
ǽ - ǼǼ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ - ǼȄ jþZdĘ
ǿ - Ǽȁ jþZdĘ
Ǿǻǻ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ȃ jþZdĘ
Ǽǻǻǻ
Ǿǻǻ
<9;, 97;,9F; (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǻ, Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǿǻǻ
Efki ȁ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ijh (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽǿ jþZdĘ
ǽǻ jþZdĘ
Ǿǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǿȁ
ǽȁȀ
ǽȀǻ
KXojelȏdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǼȄȀ
ǽǾǻ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
aWôZek ieXejk
7fWhjc[dj, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǿ.Ǽ., Ǽȃ.Ǽ., Ǽ.ǽ.,
Ǽȁ.ǽ., Ǽ.Ǿ., ǼȀ.Ǿ.,
ǽȄ.Ǿ., Ǽǽ.ǿ.,
ǽȁ.ǿ.,Ǽǻ.Ȁ., ǽȀ.Ȁ.,
Ȃ.ȁ., ǽǼ.ȁ., Ȁ.Ȃ.,
ǼȄ.Ȃ., Ǿ.ȃ., Ǽȁ.ȃ.,
Ǿǻ.ȃ., ǼǾ.Ȅ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.,
Ǽǽ.Ǽǻ., ǽȀ.Ǽǻ.,
ȃ.ǼǼ., ǽǽ.ǼǼ., ȁ.Ǽǽ.
Ǽǻj.0ǿ.Ǽ., Ȁ.ǿ., ǽȂ.Ȅ.
Ǽǽj.0 ǽǽ.Ǿ.,
ǼǾ.Ȅ.
ǿ.Ǽ.*, ǽǽ.Ǿ.,
Ǽǽ.ǿ.*, ǽǼ.ȁ.*,
ǽȂ.Ȅ.*, Ǽȃ.Ǽǻ.
Pȏf_idƽ0 97: ǼǼǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 97: ǽǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 97: ȃȀ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j, ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[) k
YWcXh_Z]iaþY^ akhpĘ 97: ȁȀ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 97: ȂȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fĿǅfbȍjao0 êc[ijWo l b[jdǅ i[pŘdƻ 97: ǽȀ
/ jþZ[d, b[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȁ.Ȃ. - ǽȃ.ȃ.ǽǻǼǻ.*DǴijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo dW 7YWZ[c_Y O[Wh.
IjkZo ;d]b_i^ _d 9ȍdȍZȍ
LȍdYekl[h, Jehedje
D M
LWdYekl[h0
ǾȀǻ / ǼȂȀ
Jehedje0
Ȁǻǻ / ǽȀǻ
=;, 8;
Ǽǿ / Ǽǻ
9WcXh_Z][, ?;BJI, JE;<B
Ǽǿ/ Ȅ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
Jehedje0 ǽȄ% Aeh[W, Ǽȁ% 8hWpǅb_[, Ǽǿ% @Wfediae, Ǽǽ% C[n_ae
LWdYekl[h0 ǽȀ% Aeh[W, Ǽȁ% 8hWpǅb_[, Ǽȁ% @Wfediae, Ǽǻ% IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
LWdYekl[h0 Ǽ%
Jehedje0 ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij,
ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[XdW, JL, X_b_WhZ, aWlǴhdW
ĖleZ
If[Y_ȏbdǅ dȍXǅZaȍ
ǽ + Ǻ, ȁ + ǻ jþZdo
ȍd]b_ǘj_do pZȍhcȍ!
ıaebo IjkZo ;d]b_i^ _d 9WdWZW l[ LWdYekl[hk W Jehedjk lpd_abo l heY[ ǽǻǻǼ. EZ
jƽ ZeXo i[ `[`_Y^ dWXǅZaW hepheijbW l Ķ_heaþ lþXƻh akhpĘ, Waj_l_j W kXojelǴdǅ. I;9 `[
ǘb[d[c 9WdWZ_Wd ;ZkYWj_edWb D[jmeha.
Beaȍb_jȍ
LȍdYekl[h - ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk LWdYekl[hk, Ǽǻ c_dkj eZ IjWdb[o FWhak W fĿǅijWlk.
Jehedje - pZ[ I;9 iǅZbǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW dW ;]b_djed 7l[dk[. ıaebW `[ delƻ ph[aedijhkelWdǴ W dWXǅpǅ ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, ifeb[ǘ[diaƽ cǅijdeij_ W feǘǅjWǘelƽ
kǘ[Xdo. 9[djhkc l Jehedjk `[ lƻjĶǅ W `[ j[Zo _ Y[djhǴbek fhe eXƻ Ķaebo.
L dȍXǅZY[ `[ Ķ_heaȏ Ķaȏbȍ akhpĘ eZ =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ (ǺǾ, ǻǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǻǾ,
Ǽǹ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǻǾ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), Ed[ je ed[, fĿǅfhȍldƽ akhpo dȍ paekĶao
JE;<B, ?;BJI, <9; ȍ 97;. KXojelǴdǅ dWXǅpǅ I;9 l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ l `[Zde W ZlekbĘôaelþY^
feae`ǅY^ i fbdek f[dpǅ.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JE;<B (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ȃ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
<9;, 97; (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
alWb_jdǅ lþkaW, lþXƻh ijkZ_`dǅY^ fhe]hWcĘ, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc
?;BJI (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ȃ jþZdĘ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_d.
KXojelȏdǅ
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
>ec[ijWo, Zle`bĘôaelþ feae`, fbdǴ f[dp[
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, fbdǴ f[dp[
9[dȍ pȍ akhp l 97:
ǽj.
ȁj.
Ǻǻj.
ȂȃȀ
ǼȀǾǻ
ǽǽȄȀ
Ȅȁǽ
ǼȃȄǻ
ǽȃǾȁ
ǼǼǿǽ
ǽǽǿǿ
ǾǾȁȁ
ǼǽȃȀ
ǽȀǾǻ
ǾȂȄǿ
ǼȃȂǻ
ȁȀǻ
-
-
ǾǿȃȀ
-
-
ǾǿȃȀ
-
ǽȂǽǻ
-
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
eZ ǼǼ.Ǽ. aWôZþY^
Ǽǿ ZdĘ
ǼȀ. Ǿ., Ȃ. ȁ., Ȃ.
Ȅ. ȁ.Ǽǽ.
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
ǽǽ.ǽ., ǼȄ.ǿ., Ǽǿ.ȁ.,
Ȅ.ȃ., ǿ.Ǽǻ., ǽȄ.ǼǼ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
Ǽȃǻ
ǽǻǻ
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 97: Ǽǻǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 97: ǽǻǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[, k akhpĘ pWaedǘ[dþY^ paekĶaek (<9;, 97;, ?;BJI) 97: Ǽǻǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 97: Ǽǻǻ/ `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9;, 97; 97:
ǽȄǻ, ?;BJI 97: ǽȀǻ.
ǾǾ
JȍcmeeZ
LȍdYekl[h, M^_ijb[h
D J M
LWdYekl[h0
ǼȂȀ / Ǽǽǻ
M^_ijb[h0
Ǽǻǻ / ȁǻ
=[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^0
ǼȀ / ǼǼ
8;, <9;, 97;0
Ǽǽ / ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 ǼȂ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 ǼǾ - ǼȂ b[j
LȍdYekl[h0
ǾȀ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae, Aeh[W)
ǾȀ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, 8[b]_[, ıfWdƻbiae,
Dƻc[Yae)
ǽȀ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, C[n_ae)
Ȁ% eijWjdǅ (IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[)
M^_ijb[h0
Ȁǻ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, ıfWdƻbiae, 8[b]_[)
Ǿǻ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae)
ǽǻ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, 7h][dj_dW, 9^_b[)
DȏĶ j_f!
ĖleZ
ıaebW XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǾ. @[ pdǴcW fe Y[bƽc ilƻjƻ W cǴ lþXehdƽ pWijekf[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ. Loieaek alWb_jk lþkao pWhkǘk`[ `[`ǅ Wah[Z_jWY[ k c[p_dǴheZdǅ WieY_WY[ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb ?7B9. LĶ_Y^d_
b[ajeĿ_ cW`ǅ kd_l[hp_jdǅ lpZƻbǴdǅ d[Xe Y[hj_ÔaǴj J;IEB. LþkaW `[ pWcƻĿ[dǴ ^bWldƻ dW aedl[hpWY_ W `[
fekôǅlǴde dƻaeb_a Zhk^Ę kǘ[Xd_Y.
Beaȍb_jȍ
LȍdYekl[h Æ ijĿ[Zdƻ l[baǴ ĶaebW i loieaþc ijWdZWhZ[c, eieXdǅc fĿǅijkf[c, fĿǅce l Y[djhk LWdYekl[hk, `[d `[Z[d Xbea eZ ibWldƽ dǴakfdǅ kb_Y[ HeXied Ijh[[j. ıaebW cǴ fheijehdƽ kǘ[Xdo i ǼȀ feǘǅjWǘ_ W
lbWijdǅ h[ijWkhWY_.
M^_ijb[h Æ `[ d[`lo^b[ZǴlWdƻ`Ķǅ Y[djhkc p_cdǅY^ ifehjĘ l I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_Y[. M^_ijb[h `[ lpZǴb[dþ Ǽǽǻ ac
eZ LWdYekl[hk W ǿǻ ac eZ feXĿ[ôǅ FWY_Ôak. ıaebW l[ M^_ijb[hk dWXǅpǅ ilþc ijkZ[djĘc lþkak l ilƻjbþY^
kǘ[XdǴY^ i Ǽǻ feǘǅjWǘ_ i fĿ_fe`[dǅc dW _dj[hd[j. L p_cƻ JWcmeeZ dWXǅpǅ aecX_dWY_ lþkao Wd]b_ǘj_do
i boôelǴdǅc (idemXeWhZ_d][c). I`[pZelao ìek dƻaeb_a c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ Ķaebo.
Lþkaȍ akhpĘ =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^ fheXǅ^ȏ l Ȁ ĠheldǅY^, Ķaebȍ Zȏb[ dȍXǅpǅ akhpo ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, YȍcXh_Z][iaƽ akhpo <9; ȍ 97;, iekahecƽ b[aY[ i kǘ_j[b[c Ed[ je ed[ ȍ fhe feaheǘ_bƽ
boôȍĿ[ ȍd]b_ǘj_dk i boôelȏdǅc d[Xe idemXeȍhZ_d][c l[ M^_ijb[hk (Ia_ ȍdZ IdemXeȍhZ_d] ?dijhkYjeh 9[hj_ÔYȍj[) i ceôdeijǅ pǅiaȍj Y[hj_Ôaȏj _dijhkajehȍ. C[p_ if[Y_Ǵbdǅ ibkôXo fWjĿǅ X[pfbWjdƽ eieXdǅ
ZekǘelǴdǅ fhe ijkZ[djo pWfiWdƽ Ze ǿ jþZ[ddǅê d[Xe Z[bĶǅê akhpk W X[pfbWjdƽ jþZ[ddǅ i[c_dǴĿ[ fhe
ZeXhelebd_Yaƽ WaY[. ıaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ d[Xe fbdek f[dpǅ.
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ ceZ[hdǅ kǘ[Xdo, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW
i ǼȀ feǘǅjWǘ_, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij, aWlǴhdW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, X[pfbWjdƽ ZekǘelǴdǅ
W i[c_dǴĿ[ fhe ZeXhelebd_Yaƽ WaY[, lþXehdƽ
dǴheZdeijdǅ ibeô[dǅ, WjhWaj_ldǅ beaWb_jo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
LWdYekl[h0 Ȁǻ c_d.
M^_ijb[h0 ȁǻ c_d.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do l[ LȍdYekl[hk
<9;, 97; (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do l[ M^_ijb[hk
;c]b_i^ + Ia_ ?dijhkYjeh 9[hj_YWj[ (ǼȀ + Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + IdeXeWhZ ?dijhkYjeh 9[hj_ÔYWj[
(ǼȀ + Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ jþZdo
ȄȀǻ
ǼǼǽǻ
Ǽǽǽǻ
ȃ jþZdĘ
ǼȄǻǻ
ǽǽǿǻ
ǽǿǿǻ
-
ǽǾȂǻ
9[dȍ pȍ akhp l 97:
Ǽǽ jþZdĘ Ǽȁ jþZdĘ
ǽȂǿȀ
Ǿȁȁǻ
ǾǽȀȀ
ǿǾǿǻ
ǾȀȁǻ
ǿȂȀǻ
ȁȀǻ
ǾǿȀǻ
-
ǼǼȃȀ
P_cdǅ i[pŘdȍ
ǽ jþZdo
ǿ jþZdo
ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȃȃǻ
ǼȀǾǻ
ǽȃȀǻ
-
ǽǿ jþZdĘ
ȀǽȃȀ
ȁǾȁǻ
ȁȄǽǻ
ZWbĶǅ j.
ǽǽǻ
ǽȁǾ
ǽȄǻ
-
-
-
B[jdǅ i[pŘdW
ǽ jþZdo
ǿ jþZdo
ȃ jþZdĘ
ȁǼǻ
ǼǼȄǻ
ǽǽǿǻ
ȂȀǻ
Ǽǿȁǻ
ǽȂȃȀ
ȃȂȀ
ǼȂǽǻ
ǾǾǻǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ȃj.0 Ǽȃ.Ǽ.,ǼȄ.ǿ., Ǽǽ.Ǽǻ
Ǽǽ j.0 ǽǽ.Ǿ., ǼǾ.Ȅ.
ǿ.Ǽ., Ȁ.Ȃ., ǽ.ȃ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ȁȀǻ
ǼǿȃȀ / ǽ jþZ[ddǅ akhp pWaedǘ[dþ paekĶaek 9I?7 b[l[b Ǽ
Ǿǻ.ǼǼ, ǿ.Ǽ., Ǽȃ.Ǽ., ȃ.Ǿ.
Ǿǻ.ǼǼ., ǼǼ.Ǽ.,
ǼȀ.ǽ., ǼȀ.Ǿ.
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[ *
LȍdYekl[h
ǼȄȀ
-
M^_ijb[h
P_cdǅ i[pŘdȍ
B[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ
ǽȃǻ
ǾǼȀ
ǽǽǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
LȍdYekl[h0 Pȏf_idƽ0 97: ǼǼȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 97: ǼȄȀ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 97: ȂȀ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 97: Ȅǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao0 <9;, 97;0 97: ǽǽȀ.
M^_ijb[h0 Pȏf_idƽ0 p_cdǅ i[pŘdW0 97: ǼȀȀ, b[jdǅ i[pŘdW0 97: ǼǼǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 97: ǽǼȀ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 97: ȁȀ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 97: ǼȁȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao pȍ
paekĶao0 <9;0 97: ǽǽȀ.
M^_ijb[h - p_cdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȄ. ǼǼ. Æ Ǿǻ. ǿ. ǽǻǼǻ, b[jdǅ i[pŘdȍ0 Ǿ. Ȁ. Æ ǽȁ. ǼǼ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. Æ ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ. Ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
*L[ M^_ijb[hk fbdǴ f[dp[.
Ǿǿ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l @_êȍ\h_Yaƽ h[fkXb_Y[
@_êȍ\h_Yaȏ h[fkXb_aȍ
■ @7H `[ d[`loifƻb[`Ķǅ p[cǅ 7\h_ao. ĖĿ[ZdǅY^ `WpoaĘ `[ pZ[
Y[ba[c ǼǼ, d[`ǘWijƻ`_ i[ lĶWa l @_êW\h_Yaƽ h[fkXb_Y[ êleĿǅ Wd]b_Yao W `[ je _ `Wpoa ijǴjdǅ WZc_d_ijhWj_lo. I jeb_aW
dǴheZdeijc_ W [jd_ao i[ l `_dƽ p[c_ `[d jWa d[i[jaǴj[.
■ @_êW\h_YaǴ h[fkXb_aW b[ôǅ dW `_ôdǅ febeaekb_ W cǴ jWa eXhǴY[dǴ heǘdǅ eXZeXǅ d[ô ìc[ ploabǅ k dǴi. CĘô[j[ fheje fheôǅj dWĶ[ p_cdǅ cƻiǅY[ l j[fb[ k 7jbWdjiaƽê d[Xe
?dZ_Yaƽê eY[Ǵdk.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c i[ iǅZb[c fWhbWc[djk `[ AWfiaƽ cƻije.
■ Cƻdek @_êW\h_Yaƽ h[fkXb_ao `[ hWdZ. D[dǅ lĶWa lebdƻ
icƻd_j[bdþ, fheje i[ fĿ_ Y[ijƻ Ze p[cƻ fekôǅlǴ p[`cƽdW KI: d[Xe ;KH, aj[hþc_ i[ fĿǅce fbWjǅ d[Xe
i[ icƻdǅ l XWdY[ ǘ_ icƻdǴhdƻ. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[`
ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob ǽȁ,ȃǿ Aǘ / Ǽ ;KH.
■ Fhe feXojo Ze Ǿ cƻiǅYĘ d[dǅ fejĿ[XW ôǴZWj e lǅpkc, fĿ_
ijkZ_k Z[bĶǅc d[ô Ǿ cƻiǅY[ i[ loĿ_pk`[ ijkZ[djiaƽ lǅpkc.
FeZheXdeij_ jþaW`ǅYǅ i[ ôǴZeij_ e lǅpW lǴc hǴZ_ feZǴc[
l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., Ǽǻ. ǿ., ǼǾ. ǿ, ǽȂ. ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., Ǽȁ. ȁ., Ǽǻ.
ȃ., ǽǿ. Ȅ.,Ǽȁ. Ǽǽ., ǽȀ.Ǽǽ., ǽȁ. Ǽǽ.
9ȍf[ Jemd
@[Zde p d[ahǴidƻ`ĶǅY^ W d[`pW`ǅcWlƻ`ĶǅY^ l[baecƻij dW
ilƻjƻ cǴ a_bec[jho fWd[diaþY^ fǅi[ǘdþY^ fbǴôǅ, d[ifeǘ[j
l_d_Y W `[ loijWlƻdƽ fĿǅce k ĠfWjǅ Ijebelƽ êho, d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅ Zec_dWdjo cƻijW. HĘpdeheZǴ \WkdW W \bŘhW, aj[hek
d[dW`Z[j[ d_aZ[ `_dZ[ dW ilƻjƻ! L b[jeĶdǅc heY[ i[ l ǘ[hldk l AWfiaƽc cƻijƻ feĿǴZǴ c_ijhelijlǅ ilƻjW l[ \ejXWb[. AWfiaƽ cƻije i[ jWa ijWd[ c[aek lĶ[Y^ ifehjeldǅY^
\WdekĶaĘ.
B7B Iekj^ 7\h_Yȍ
9ȍf[ Jemd
D M
ǽǻǻ / ȂȀ
Ǽǻ / ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
Ǿǻ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, Dƻc[Yae)
ǽȀ% @. 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[)
ǾȀ% 7i_[ (@_ôdǅ Aeh[W, IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[)
Ȅ% 7\h_aW
Ǽ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij i l[baek iWj[b_jdǅ j[b[l_pǅ, cǅijdeij dW ifeb[ǘ[diaƽ ^ho (i akb[ǘdǅa[c), _dj[hd[j pZWhcW,
XWpƽd, ad_êldW, pW^hWZW, XWhX[Yk[, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
c[p_dǴheZdǅ _dij_jkY[, loieaǴ alWb_jW lþkao
W ibkô[X, Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ fhe]hWc, ibeô[dǅ ijkZ[djĘ, h[p_Z[dY[ l[ Ķaeb[
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW B7B Iekj^ 7\h_YW XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǾ. ıaebW `[ iekǘǴijǅ c[p_dǴheZdǅê Ŀ[jƻpY[ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb B7B, aj[hƽ ìek ǘb[do c[p_dǴheZdǅY^ WieY_WYǅ pWhkǘk`ǅYǅY^ alWb_jk lþkao _ eijWjdǅY^
ibkô[X. ıaebW feiaojk`[ loieaek alWb_jk lþkao l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW l 9ȍf[ Jemd i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ihZY_ cŘZdǅê I[W Fe_djk, feXbǅô cW]_Yaƽ Ijebelƽ êho, Y[djhW W pdǴcþY^ fbǴôǅ 9b_\jed W 9Wcfi 8Wo.
ıaebȍ dȍXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, 8ki_d[ii ;d]b_i^, akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a[ paekĶaȏc JE;<B
ȍ ?;BJI. Pȍ pcǅdak `_ijƻ ije`ǅ _ akhpo ;d]b_i^ + >_ijeho, ;d]b_i^ + M_d[ ȍ ;d]b_i^ + =eb\. A[ lĶ[c akhpĘc i_ bp[
eX`[ZdWj fhe]hWc IW\Wh_ l hepiW^k Ǿ - ǽǻ ZdĘ. LǅY[ _d\ehcWYǅ pǅiaǴj[ l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^. KXojelǴdǅ `[ ceôdƽ
pleb_j Xkǈ l êij_j[biaƽ heZ_dƻ d[Xe l `[Zdƽ p[ ĶaebdǅY^ h[i_Z[dYǅ.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ȃ jþZdĘ
?;BJI, JE;<B (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ jþZdo
;d]b_i^ + >_ijeho (ǽǻ + ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + M_d[ (ǽǻ + ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
;d]b_i^ + =eb\ (ǽǻ + ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[,
H[i_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
ǽ jþZdo
LI
DI
ǽǻǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǽȂǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǾǼǻ
ǽȃǻ
ǽȂȀ
ǽȂȀ
Ǿǿǻ
Ǿǽǻ
Ǿǿǻ
Ǿǽǻ
ǾȄȀ
ǾȂȀ
LI
DI
ǽǾȃ
ǽǼǻ
Ȅȃ
ȃǿ
Ǽȁȃ
Ǽǿǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
aWôZƽ fhldǅ
fedZƻbǅ l cƻiǅY_
aWôZƽ ǘjlhjƽ
aWôZƽ fhldǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH Ǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǽǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk,
l fĿǅfWZƻ kXojelǴdǅ eZ Ķaebo ìek eXW jhWdi\[ho pZWhcW, Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ (LI)0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽ., Ȁ. ȁ. Æ ǾǼ. Ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, Dǅpaȏ
i[pŘdȍ (DI)0 Ǽ. ǽ. Æ ǿ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǽ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽȀ. Ǽǽ. Æ ǽȁ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǾȀ
;khef[ȍd 9[djh[
9ȍf[ Jemd
D M
Ǽǿǻ / Ǽǻǻ
Cȍn. / fhĘc.feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ jĿǅZƻ0
Ǽǻ / Ȅ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ǼǾ% 8hWpǅb_[
ǼǾ% Aeh[W
Ǽǽ% IWkZiaǴ 7hǴX_[
Ȅ% Jkh[Yae
Ȃ% ılþYWhiae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo 0
ǼȀ fbdƻ loXWl[dþY^ kǘ[X[d, kǘ[XdW fhe iWceijkZ_kc, ad_êldW, aWlǴhdW, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿǅpd_lƽ Y[do lp^b[Z[c a loieaƽ alWb_jƻ Ķaebo,
lþkaW l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^, kcǅijƻdǅ l Y[djhk
cƻijW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;9 9Wf[ Jemd XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǽǻǻǽ W cǴ l @7H h[decƽ alWb_jdǅ lpZƻbǴlWYǅ _dij_jkY[. CWbþ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ iakf_dǴY^ pW`_ĶĨk`[, ô[ `[ ijkZ[djĘc lƻdelǴdW _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ fƽǘ[.
Beaȍb_jȍ
;9 9Wf[ Jemd `[ l Y[djhk cƻijW. :ǅao kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaebo cW`ǅ ijkZ[dj_
idWZdþ fĿǅijkf a eXYêZĘc, aWlǴhdǴc, feĶjƻ, XWhĘc W h[ijWkhWYǅc. FeakZ pZ[ XkZ[j[ ijkZelWj, jWa fhe LǴi XkZ[ `_ijƻ fĿǅ`[cdƽ, ô[
cdeê jĿǅZ cǴ lþ^b[Z dW Ijebelek êhk. IjkZ[dj_ cW`ǅ a Z_ifep_Y_
ad_êldk, feǘǅjWǘelek kǘ[Xdk W ifeb[ǘ[diaek cǅijdeij i JL.
ıaebW ;9 dȍXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb ;d]b_i^, ?dj[di_l[ ;d]b_i^, akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a[ paekĶaȏc <9;, 97;, 9F;, ?;BJI ȍ JE;<B.
Fhe ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ loôWZk`ǅ _dj[dp_ldƻ`Ķǅ ijkZ_kc ;9 dWXǅpǅ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅ lþkak Ed[ je ed[ W akhp 8ki_d[ii C_d_]hekf pWcƻĿ[dþ
dW lþkak eXYêZdǅ Wd]b_ǘj_do l cWbƽ iakf_dƻ. L Y[dƻ akhpĘ ìek
pȍ^hdkjo kǘ[Xd_Y[ ȍ lþkaelƽ cȍj[h_ȏbo, fĿǅZȍldƽ ȍd]b_Yaƽ ȍaj_l_jo ȍ mehaiêfo, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍdi\[ho (fekp[ feakZ `[ kXojelȏdǅ
pȍ`_ĶĨ[dƽ eZ Ķaebo), klǅjȍYǅ eXƻZ, fĿǅijkf a _dj[hd[jk ȍ plþêZdƻdƽ Y[do \_jd[ii ȍ ^[ȍbj^ abkXk. Fhe pf[ijĿ[dǅ feXojk eh]Wd_pk`[ ĶaebW jĿǅZ[ddǅ lþb[j Ǽ :ȍo Iȍ\ȍh_. C[p_ ZWbĶǅ bǴaWlƽ Waj_l_jo
fWjĿǅ fepehelǴdǅ l[bhoX, fejǴfƻdǅ i ôhWbeao, Xkd][[ `kcf_d] ǘ_
lþb[jo dW Ijebelek êhk. KXojelǴdǅ `[ `_ô jhWZ_ǘdƻ dWXǅp[de l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ d[Xe l fefkbǴhdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^
X[p ijhWlelǴdǅ ǘ_ i febef[dpǅ.
Akhpo ȍd]b_ǘj_do
<9;, 97;, 9F; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
<9;, 97;, 9F;, (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?;BJI, JE;<B (Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)*
Ed[ je ed[ (Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)*
Ǿ :Wo IW\Wh_ (dkjde aecX_delWj i akhp[c Wd]b_ǘj_do)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae` (fekp[ fĿ_ ǽ pǴ`[cYǅY^), febef[dp[,
Ikf[h_eh êc[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, lbWijdǅ aekf[bdW, febef[dp[
Ikf[h_eh h[i_Z[dY[, Zlek / jĿǅbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
Ikf[h_eh h[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
;Yedeco h[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
;Yedeco h[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, febef[dp[
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ȃ jþZdĘ
ȃ - ǽǾ jþZdĘ
Ȅ, ǼǾ jþZdĘ
Ȅ, ǼǾ jþZdĘ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǿ Zdo
Ǽȃǻ
Ǽǿǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǼȃȀ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼȃȀ
Ȃǻ
Ǿǿǻ
ǼȂȀǻ
ǽȂǻ
ǽȁȀ / akhp
Ǽǽȁ
ǼǿȂ
ǽǽǿ
Ǽǽȁ
Ǽȁȃ
Ǽǽȁ
ǼȂȂ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǿ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ǿ., ǼǾ. Ȅ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǼȀ.ǽ., ǼȀ.Ǿ., ǼȄ.Ȃ., Ǽȁ.ȃ., Ǽȃ.Ǽǻ., ǼȀ.ǼǼ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ǿǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH Ǿǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH Ǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, fefbȍjao0 lhWjdþ Z[fep_j ;KH Ǽǻǻ (h[p_Z[dY[), fĿǅfbWj[a l êc[ijWo
Xƻ^[c c_ijhelijlǅ ilƻjW l[ \ejXWb[ (ȁ.ȁ. - Ǽȃ.Ȃ.) ;KH Ȃǻ. L h[p_Z[dY_ i[ ^hWZǅ lhWjdþ Z[fep_j ;KH Ǽǻǻ.
L Y[dƻ akhpĘ ìek pȍ^hdkjo kǘ[Xd_Y[ ȍ lþkaelƽ cȍj[h_ȏbo, fĿǅZȍldƽ ȍd]b_Yaƽ ȍaj_l_jo ȍ mehaiêfo, b[j_Ķjdǅ jhȍdi\[ho (fekp[ feakZ `[ kXojelȏdǅ pȍ`_ĶĨ[dƽ eZ Ķaebo), klǅjȍYǅ eXƻZ, fĿǅijkf a _dj[hd[jk ȍ
plþêZdƻdƽ Y[do \_jd[ii ȍ ^[ȍbj^ abkXk.
Ǿȁ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l Dƻc[Yak
8[hbǅd
Dƻc[Yae
■ @[ZdW p [aedec_Yao d[`loifƻb[`ĶǅY^ p[cǅ ilƻjW, pǴhel[Ŧ jWaƽ p[cƻ i Xe^Wjek akbjkhdǅ jhWZ_Yǅ, cde^W ^_ijeh_Yaþc_ fWcǴjaWc_ W jkh_ij_Yaþc_ WjhWaY[c_.
■ FeǘWiǅ l Dƻc[Yak `[ e jheY^k Y^bWZdƻ`Ķǅ d[ô k dǴi.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ 8[hbǅd.
■ Cƻdek `[ ;KH. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ
>bWldǅ cƻije i`[ZdeY[dƽê Dƻc[YaW ijǴb[ pĘijǴlǴ p[b[dþc cƻij[c i hepiǴ^bþc_ fWhao, fhec[dǴZWc_ W leZdǅc_
fbeY^Wc_.
<hȍda\khj dȍZ Ce^ȍd[c
@[ `_ô eZ ilƽê pWbeô[dǅ l[ ijĿ[Zelƻak [lhefiaþc ÔdWdǘdǅc W eXYêZdǅc Y[djh[c. :d[i `[ <hWda\khj Zecel[c
lĶ[Y^ ^bWldǅY^ fheZ[`dǅY^ l[b[jh^Ę.
Cd_Yêl
@[ ^bWldǅc cƻij[c 8WlehiaW b[ôǅYǅc dW ĠfWjǅ 7bf. DW`Z[j[
pZ[ ef[ho, Z_lWZbW, ckp[W, a_dW W jWaƽ ifehjeldǅ W dǴakfdǅ
Y[djhW.
H[][diXkh]
■ Fhe Y[ijelǴdǅ Ze Dƻc[YaW d[ìek fhe eXǘWdo ǓH fejĿ[XW lǅpW.
H[][diXkh] i kd_aǴjdǅc ijĿ[Zelƻaþc Y[djh[c fWjĿǅ c[p_
d[àhǴidƻ`Ķǅ dƻc[YaǴ cƻijW.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǽǼ. Ǿ., ǽǿ. Ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., Ǽǽ. Ȁ., Ǿ. Ǽǻ.,
ǽȀ. Ǽǽ., ǽȁ. Ǽǽ. Cd_Yêl dWlǅY0 ȁ. Ǽ., ǽǽ. Ȁ., ǼȀ. ȃ.
<hWda\khj dWlǅY0 ǽǽ. Ȁ., H[][diXkh] dWlǅY0 ǽǽ. Ȁ.,
ǼȀ. ȃ.
>WcXkha `[ Zhk^ƽ d[`lƻjĶǅ cƻije Dƻc[YaW W d[`lƻjĶǅ dƻc[Yaþ fĿǅijWl. DWY^Ǵpǅ i[ pZ[ `[ZdW p d[`lƻjĶǅY^ dƻc[YaþY^ kd_l[hp_j W `[ pZ[ cdeê lþpdWcdþY^ fhĘcoibelþY^ feZd_aĘ.
>ȍcXkh]
>eh_pedj[
H[][diXkh]
D M U
ȃǻ / Ȁǻ
Ǽǻ / Ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȂ b[j
Ȃǻ % ;lhefW
ǼȀ% 7i_[
Ȃ% I. 7c[h_aW
Ȁ% @. 7c[h_aW
Ǿ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽǻ %
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
XkZelW l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk cƻijW i ȃ kǘ[XdWc_, h[p_Z[dY[ l[ ij[`dƽ XkZelƻ i[ ǾȂ feae`_
ĖleZ
>eh_pedj[ dWXǅpǅ alWb_jdǅ lþkak, eieXdǅ W fĿǴj[biaek Wjcei\ƽhek. LƻjĶ_dW ijkZ[djĘ fĿ_Y^Ǵpǅ dW
pǴabWZƻ Zefehkǘ[dǅ fĿ[ZYêpǅY^ ab_[djĘ. ıaebW eh]Wd_pk`[ Ķ_heaþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j `Wae dWfĿ. êZ_do dƻc[Yaƽ ^_ijeh_[, feb_j_ao W b_j[hWjkho, [nakhp[ i fhĘleZY[c, l_Z[e l[ǘ[ho, akb_dǴĿiaƽ Waj_l_jo W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ Waj_l_j.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW _ `[`ǅ h[p_Z[dY[ `[ i_jkelǴdW l Y[djhk cƻijW, aj[hƽ fWjĿǅ c[p_ fWcǴjao KD;I9E.
>eh_pedj[ dWXǅpǅ eX[Ydek dƻcǘ_dk l[ Zlek _dj[dp_jǴY^ - ǽǻ W ǽǻ+Ǽǻ b[aYǅ l c_d_iakf_dƻ / jþZ[d,
ZǴb[ _dj[dp_ldǅ akhp i ǽǻ b[aY[c_ dƻcǘ_do W Ȁ êZ_dWc_ if[Y_Wb_pelWdþY^ `WpoaelþY^ êZ_d - fĿ[abȍZo, eXYêZdǅ dƻcǘ_dȍ, dƻcǘ_dȍ fhe jkh_icki W ZWbĶǅ. IWcepĿ[`ceijǅ `[ _ fĿǅfhWlW dW paekĶak J[ij:ȍ<. KXojelǴdǅ i_ bp[ loXhWj p dǴib[Zk`ǅYǅY^ ceôdeijǅ0 Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY[ i fĿǅcþc fĿǅijkf[c Ze Ķaebo
( `[Zde ǘ_ ZlekbĘôaelƽ feae`[, lþ^hWZdƻ fhe d[akĿǴao), êij_j[biaǴ heZ_dW W kd_l[hp_jdǅ h[p_Z[dY[.
Akhpo dƻcǘ_do
=[d[hWb =[hcWd (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd
(ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ l c_d_iakf_dƻ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd
(ǽǻ + Ȁ _dZ_l_ZkǴbdǅY^ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
J[ij:W<
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
9[dȍ pȍ akhp l ;KH
ǻ j.
ǽ j. ZȍbĶǅ j.
Ǿȃǻ
ȁȁǻ
ǼǾǻ
ȃǻǻ
ǼȀǻǻ
Ǿǿǻ
ǽǽǻ
9[dȍ l ;KH
ǻ j.
ǽ j. ZȍbĶǅ j.
Ǿȁǻ
Ȃǽǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǿȃǻ
Ȅȁǻ
ǽǿǻ
Ǿǻǻ
Ȁǻǻ
Ǽǻǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǿǻǻ
ȃǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
eZ ǿ.Ǽ. aWôZþY^ Ǽǿ ZdĘ
Ǽȃ. Ǽ., ǽȄ. Ǿ.,
ǽȀ. Ȁ., ǽȀ. Ǽǻ.
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW cWbƽ Ķaebo, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ
kǘ_j[bƽ, kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaebo W h[p_Z[dY[ l Y[djhk,
Xe^Wjþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, lþkaW l cWbþY^ iakf_dǴY^
KXojelȏdǅ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 lþkaW loieaǴ i[pŘdW0
;KH ǽȀ / jþZ[d (d[fbWjǅ fhe akhpo Z[bĶǅ d[ô ǼǼ jþZdĘ).
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ȁ. Ȃ. Æ ǽȂ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǿ. Ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǽȃ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ..
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
ǾȂ
=BI IfhȍY^[dp[djhkc
8[hbǅd
D J M
ǿǻǻ / ǽȀǻ
Ǽǽ / Ǽǽ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
Ǽǽ% ılþYWhiae
Ǽǻ% ıfWdƻbiae
Ȅ% <hWdY_[
Ȅ% ?jǴb_[
Ȁ% @Wfediae
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ȃ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
XkZelW l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk cƻijW i ǿǻ kǘ[XdWc_, l[baǴ pW^hWZW, aWlǴhdW, h[ijWkhWY[, JL
cǅijdeij i :L: fĿ[^hǴlWǘ[c, ad_êldW, Zlƻ
h[p_Z[dY[ i Ȁǻ WfWhjcǴdo.
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW, c[p_dǴheZdǅ Wah[Z_jWY[, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, kcǅijƻdǅ Ķaebo,
fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, pZWhcW i[c_dǴĿ[ dƻc[Yaƽ
^_ijeh_[, Ôbck d[Xe ^kZXo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
ıaebW =BI IfhWY^[dp[djhkc XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃǾ W feijkf[c ǘWik i[ ijWbW
`[Zdek p fĿ[ZdǅY^ `WpoaelþY^ _dij_jkYǅ l Dƻc[Yak. @[ ǘb[d[c cde^W eh]Wd_pWYǅ
iZhkôk`ǅYǅY^ alWb_jdǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo ;7GK7BI, ?7B9, <?O JE, <7:7< W 7BJE. =BI
`[ e\_Y_Ǵbdǅc Y[djh[c fhe feĿǴZǴdǅ paekĶ[a ÙJ[ij :[kjiY^ Wbi <h[cZiY^fhWY^[È.
AlWb_\_aelWdǅ W fĿǴj[bĶjǅ kǘ_j[bƽ i[ idWôǅ kZhôelWj fĿ_ lokǘelǴdǅ feêZelek Wjcei\ƽhk W fecǴ^W`ǅ ijkZ[djĘc, WXo ZeiǴ^b_ Ye d[`lƻjĶǅY^ feaheaĘ l kôǅlǴdǅ `WpoaW.
Beaȍb_jȍ
=BI IfhWY^[dp[djhkc iǅZbǅ eZ heak ǽǻǻȁ l delƽ beaWb_jƻ, l ceZ[hdǅ ǘjlhj_ Fh[dpbWk[h 8[h], fheibkbƽ cde^W ]Wb[h_[c_, abkXo, XWho W cŘZdǅc_ eXYêZo. ıaebW
iǅZbǅ l fƻj_ ph[delelWdþY^ ^_ijeh_YaþY^ XkZelǴY^.
Dƻcǘ_dk pZ[ cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj l[ Zlek _dj[dp_jǴY^ =[d[hȍb =[hcȍd W ?dj[di_l[ =[hcȍd. :Ǵb[ cĘô[j[
ijkZelWj akhpo Ed[ je ed[ d[Xe aecX_dWYǅ lþkao l[ iakf_dƻ i b[aYǅ Ed[ je ed[. L dWXǅZY[ `[ _ eXYêZdǅ dƻcǘ_dW 8ki_d[ii =[hcȍd. C[p_ dWXǅZak fWjĿǅ _ if[Y_Ǵbdǅ ǿ jþZ[ddǅ ahkp pWaedǘ[dþ paekĶaek
J[ij:ȍ<. =BI dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ akhpo fhe `kd_eho. @kd_ehiaƽ akhpo fhe cbǴZ[ô l[ lƻak eZ Ǽǿ Ze ǼȂ b[j pW^hdk`ǅ l Y[dƻ akhp dƻcǘ_do l _dj[dp_jƻ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), kXojelǴdǅ l h[p_Z[dY_, fbdek f[dp_ W Waj_l_jo (Ǿ
Waj_l_jo Z[ddƻ W ǽ [nakhp[ jþZdƻ). ıaebW pW`_ĶĨk`[ Ķ_heaek dWXǅZak kXojelǴdǅ. @[ ceôdƽ pleb_j kXojelǴdǅ
l[ Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY_ (`[Zde W ZlekbĘôaelƽ feae`[) d[Xe l f[ǘb_lƻ loXǅhWdþY^ êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^
i febef[dpǅ, i[ idǅZWdǅ d[Xe X[p `ǅZbW i ceôdeijǅ fekô_jǅ akYôdƻ.
Akhpo dƻcǘ_do
ǻ j.
ǽ j.
Ǻǻ j. ZȍbĶǅ j.
ǽȁǻ
Ȁǽǻ Ǽǿȃǻ Ǽǻǻ
:ƽbaȍ
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii =[hcWd (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
ǿȃǻ
Ȅȁǻ
ǽȂǽǻ
ǼȄǻ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ j.
ǼǽȄǻ
ǽȀȄǻ
-
ȁǽǻ
J[ij:W< (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ jþZdo
-
Ȅȁǻ
-
-
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (== (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), h[ǽ jþZdo
p_Z[dY[, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
H[p_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǼǼ.Ǽ., ǽǽ.Ǿ.,
Ǽǻ.Ȁ., ǽǼ.ȁ.,
Ǿǻ.ȃ., ǼǼ.Ǽǻ.
Ǽǽǿǻ (8[hbǅd), ǼǾǼǻ
(Cd_Yêl)
9[dȍ l ;KH
ǻ j.
ǽ j.
Ǻǻ j. ZȍbĶǅ j.
ǾǽȀ
ȁǿȃ Ǽȃȃǻ
ǼȀǿ
ǿǻǾ
ȂȃǾ ǽǼȃǾ ǼȂȀ
ǾȄǻ
ȃǼǻ ǽǾȂȃ ǼȄȁ
Ȃǽȃ ǼȀǼǽ ǿǿǽǿ
Ǿȁǿ
ǽȂ.ȁ.-ǽǽ.ȃ.
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, h[p_Z[dY[0 lhȍjdþ Z[fep_j (^hȍZǅ i[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk) ;KH
Ǽǻǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ (k akhpk ;nWc Fh[fWhWj_ed J[ij:W< ;KH ǽǻ), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk,
i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 akhpo ;KH ǾȀ / jþZ[d, >ec[ijWo ;KH ǾȀ / jþZ[d, H[p_Z[dY[ ;KH Ȃǻ / jþZ[d, fefbȍjao pȍ
paekĶao0 J[ij:W< ;KH ǼȀǻ.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȃ. ȁ. Æ ǼǾ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǽȂ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ǽǿ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
:?: :[kjiY^ ?dij_jkj
8[hbǅd, <hȍda\khj, Cd_Yêl, >ȍcXkh]
D J M U
8[hbǅd0
ǽȀǻ / ǼȀǻ
<hȍda\khj0
ǼȀǻ/ ȂȀ
Cd_Yêl0
ǽǻǻ / ȂȀ
>ȍcXkh]0
ǼǽȀ / ȂȀ
ǼȀ / ǼǼ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 ǼȂ b[j
`kd_eĿ_0 Ǽǽ - Ǽȁ b[j
8[hbǅd0 ǿȃ% ;lhefW, Ǽǻ% 7i_[,Ǽǻ% I[l[hdǅ
7c[h_aW, ȃ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW, ǽǿ% EijWjdǅ
<hȍda\khj0 Ǿǿ% ;lhefW, Ȅ% 7i_[, ǼȀ% @_ôdǅ
7c[h_aW, ǿǽ% EijWjdǅ
Cd_Yêl0 Ȁǻ% ;lhefW, Ǽǻ% 7i_[, Ǽȁ% @_ôdǅ
7c[h_aW, ǽǿ% EijWjdǅ
>ȍcXkh]0 ǾȂ% ;lhefW, Ǽǻ% 7i_[, ǼǼ% @_ôdǅ
7c[h_aW, ǿǽ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ kǘ[Xdo, ad_êldW, Y[djhkc fhe iWceijkZ_kc, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[XdW i ȁ feǘǅjWǘ_
i _dj[hd[j[c, _dj[hd[jelǴ aWlǴhdW i ȁ Æ Ǽǻ
feǘǅjWǘ_, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij i eXǘ[hijl[dǅc, aWdY[bǴĿ fhe ijkZ[djo Æ ijkZ[djiaƽ aWhjo, cWfo, Y[ij. fhĘleZY[, WjZ., ijĿ[Ķdǅ j[hWiW
(c_ce <hWda\khjk), m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
jhWZ_Y[, alWb_jW, WjhWaj_ldǅ beaWb_jo, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, Waj_l_j W kXojelǴdǅ
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
Ǿȃ
ĖleZ
:?: :[kjiY^ ?dij_jkj i[ pWXþlǴ lþkaek dƻcǘ_do l Dƻc[Yak `_ô lǅY[ d[ô ǾȀ b[j. ıaebW i_ lofhWYelWbW
lþXehdek felƻij, `[ `[Zdek p d[`b[fĶǅY^ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb i lþkaek dƻcǘ_do. :?: `[ ǘb[d[c dƻaeb_aW eh]Wd_pWYǅ iZhkôk`ǅYǅY^ alWb_jdǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo p Y[bƽê ilƻjW, ìek je0 ;7GK7BI, <W:W<, <?OJE
W 7BJE, `[ Y[djh[c fhe feĿǴZǴdǅ paekĶ[a J[ij:W<.
Beaȍb_jȍ
8[hbǅd Æ ĶaebW `[ kcǅijƻdW l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk cƻijW `[d ǼȀ c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ 8hWdZ[dXkhiaƽ XhǴdo,
l ceZ[hdǅ XkZelƻ i l[baek ijĿ[Ķdǅ j[hWiek. <hȍda\khj Æ XkZ[j[ ijkZelWj l idWZde Zeijkfdƽc IWYî[d^Wki[dk, `[Zdƽ p d[`^[pǘǅY^ ǘjlhjǅ <hWda\khjk. Cd_Yêl Æ ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW l Xbǅpaeij_ ^bWldǅê dǴZhWôǅ. LĶ[Y^dW ckp[W, Ebocf_ìaþ fWha W Wd]b_YaǴ pW^hWZW ìek idWZde Zeijkfdƽ.
CĘô[j[ pZ[ eZfeǘǅlWj d[Xe ^hǴj ijebdǅ j[d_i dW ijĿ[Ķdǅ j[hWi[. >ȍcXkh] - ĶaebW iǅZbǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW,
Xbǅpae hWZd_Y[ W @kd]\[hdij_[] fhec[dǴZo. L Xbǅpaeij_ `[ ifekijW XWhĘ W aWlǴh[d.
ıaebW dWXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb =[hcȍd d[Xe ?dj[di_l[ =[hcȍd l aecX_dWY_ i akhp[c Ed[ je ed[, 8ki_d[ii =[hcȍd, J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d] ȍ akhpo fhe `kd_eho eZ Ǽǽ b[j. Akhpo fhe `kd_eho pW^hdk`ǅ lþkak (ǼȀ
b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), Waj_l_jo, kXojelǴdǅ i fbdek f[dpǅ W cǅijdǅ ZefhWlk W fheXǅ^Ǵ l 7iY^W\\[dXkh]k. ıaebW
dWXǅpǅ kXojelǴdǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, ifeb[ǘdþY^ Zec[Y^ W êij[b[Y^.
Akhpo dƻcǘ_do
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - ǿȃ
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd (ǽǿ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
jþZdĘ
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd (ǽȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii =[hcWd (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ-ǿ
jþZdo
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d] (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
@kd_eh 9ekhi[ (== (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo, ǽ jþZdo
jhWdi\[ho)
ǻ j.
Ǿȃǻ
ǿȁǻ
Ȁȁǻ
Ǽȁȃǻ
ȂȂǻ
KXojelȏdǅ
>eij[b, Bem 8kZ][j, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
>eij[b, >_]^[h IjWdZWhZ, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
ǽ j.
ǿ j.
ȁ j.
Ȃǿǻ
ǼǼǻǻ
Ǽǿȁǻ
ȃȃǻ
ǼǾǻǻ
ǼȂǽǻ
Ǽǻȃǻ Ǽȁǻǻ
ǽǼǽǻ
ǾǾȁǻ
ǼȀǿǻ
ȀȂȀ
ZȍbĶǅ j.
ǼǼȀ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼȂǻ
-
ȃǾǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
ǽȂ.ȁ. - ǾǼ.Ȃ.
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
ǼȄȀ
ǽǾǻ
ǼȀǻ
ǽǾǻ
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǼȀ -Ǿǻ ( ^hWZǅ i[ l[ Ķaeb[), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH
Ȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 lþkaW0 ;KH ǽȀ / jþZ[d l[ loieaƽ i[pŘdƻ. Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȃ. ȁ. Æ ǽȂ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ,
dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǽȂ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǽȃ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l Hȍaekiak
Hȍaekiae
■ IjkZ[djo bǴaǴ HWaekiae ilek fĿ[ahǴidek Wbfiaek ahW`_dek, hepb[^bþc_ êhiaþc_ bekaWc_ W ǘ_ijþc_ Wbfiaþc_
fhWc[do.
■ C_beldǅY_ ifehjĘ i_ l HWaekiak kô_`ǅ boôelǴdǅ, idemXeWhZ_d], jkh_ij_ak W Yoabejkh_ij_ak. DW ilƽ i_ fĿ_`Zek _ eXZ_lelWj[bƽ ^_ijeh_[ W fWcǴj[a .
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ LǅZ[Ŧ.
■ Cƻdek `[ [khe. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob
ǽȁ,ȃǿ Aǘ / Ǽ ;KH.
■ HWaekiae `[ ǘb[diaek p[cǅ ;K W lǅpW fheje d[ìek fhe
eXǘWdo ǓH fejĿ[XW.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǽǿ. Ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., Ǽǽ. Ȁ., ǽǽ. Ȁ., ǼȀ. ȃ., ȃ.
Ǽǽ., ǽǽ. - ǽȁ. Ǽǽ.
LǅZ[Ŧ
8[pf[ǘdƽ cƻije i lþXehdek _d\hWijhkajkhek, dWXǅp[`ǅYǅ lĶ[
Ye i_ `[d fhe `Wpoaelþ feXoj cĘô[j[ fĿǴj. CĘô[j[ dW i[X[
d[Y^Wj fĘieX_j ^_ijeh__ d[Xe d[fecǅ`[`ǅYǅ ahǴik lWbǘǅaĘ, b[ôƽhdǅ dǴakfdǅ loY^Ǵpao ǘ_ fheijƻ ibWZaþ ô_lej c[p_ aWlǴhdWc_ W l_ddþc_ Ķ[dao, ijǴdao i abeXǴiWc_, abkXo W êifĘZaWc_.
7Yj_b_d]kȍ 7YȍZ[co
LǅZ[Ŧ
D M U
Ǿǻǻ / ǼȀǻ
ĖleZ
7Yj_b_d]kW 7YWZ[co XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃȃ W `[ pdǴcǴ `Wae l[b_Y[ ĠifƻĶdǴ `WpoaelǴ ĶaebW
i fĿǅ`[cdþc ijkZ_`dǅc fheijĿ[Zǅc W ceZ[hdǅc loXWl[dǅc. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ Xe^Wjþ akbjkhdǅ
fhe]hWc fhe lebdþ ǘWi. @[ ǘb[d[c WieY_WYǅ ?7B9 W 9Wcfki 7kijh_W.
Beaȍb_jȍ
IjWdZWhZ0
Ǽǽ / ȃ
?dj[di_l[0
ȃ/Ȁ
ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ab_Zdƽ kb_Y_ l Y[djhk LǅZdƻ l Xbǅpaeij_ 8[bl[Z[hk W IjǴjdǅ ef[ho. @[ kcǅijƻdW
l jĿǅfeZbWôdǅ delƻ efhWl[dƽ XkZelƻ l[Zb[ fWhak.
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ȂȀ% ;lhefW (?jǴb_[, Febiae)
ǽǻ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW (KI7)
Ȁ% 7i_[
DW Ķaeb[ 7Yj_b_d]kW 7YWZ[co cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj =[d[hȍb =[hcȍd l dƻaeb_aW _dj[dp_jǴY^ d[Xe i[ pWcƻĿ_j dW 8ki_d[ii =[hcȍd. A Z_ifep_Y_ ìek akhpo fhe kǘ_j[b[ (J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]), fĿǅfhWldƽ akhpo dW
c[p_dǴheZdƻ kpdǴlWdƽ paekĶao (Y[hj_\_aȏjo0 ŋij[hh[_Y^[_iY^[i IfhȍY^Z_fbec, P[hj_\_Yȍj :[kjiY^
\ěh @k][dZb_Y^[, EI:-C_jj[bijk\[), dƻcǘ_dW l aecX_dWY_ i ^kZXek =[hcȍd ȍdZ Cki_Y (Ǽ b[aY[ lþkao pfƻlk d[Xe ^ho dW ^kZ[Xdǅ dǴijhe` dW aedp[hlWjeĿ_ W Ǽ Wô Ǿ fĿ[Zcƻjo pW jþZ[d). LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ
l fhlejĿǅZdƻ loXWl[dþY^ kǘ[XdǴY^ i d[`ceZ[hdƻ`Ķǅ j[Y^d_aek. ıaebW dWXǅpǅ l[baþ lþXƻh kXojelǴdǅ
l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, WfWhjcǴd[Y^ d[Xe l[ Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY_ i ceôdeijǅ fekô_jǅ akYôdƻ.
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
ȃ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo l Y[djhk LǅZdƻ, _dj[hd[jelǴ aWlǴhdW i[ ǼȂ feǘǅjWǘ_ i _dj[hd[j[c,
ad_êldW, l_Z[e, m_Ô
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdǅ ĶaebW, alWb_jdǅ lþkaW, WjhWaj_ldǅ fhe]hWc fhe lebdþ ǘWi
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
9[dȍ l ;KH
ǽ j.
ZȍbĶǅ j.
ȂǻȂ
ǼǾǽ
ǼǼȀȀ
ǽǿǿ
Akhpo dƻcǘ_do
:ƽbaȍ
=[d[hWb =[hcWd (ǽǻ + Ȁ akbjkhdǅY^ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ =[hcWd (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ l c_d_iakf_dƻ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
ǻ j.
ǿǿǾ
ȁȁȂ
8ki_d[ii =[hcWd (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
ȁȁȂ
-
-
ǽ jþZdo
ǽȄȀ
-
-
-
ȄǽȂ
ǼȃȂ
=[hcWd + Cki_Y (ǽǻ + Ǽ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
ǿ Æ Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
Ǽ - Ǽǽ
jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
7Yj_b_d]kW H[i_Z[dY[, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
7Yj_b_d]kW H[i_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
>ec[ijWo / H[i_Z[dY[*, 7fWhjc[dj, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
>ec[ijWo / H[i_Z[dY[*, 7fWhjc[dj, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
Ǽǻǽǻ / jþZ[d
9[dȍ pȍ
jþZ[d l ;KH
ǼǾȃ
Ǽȃǿ
Ǽǻǿ
Ǽȁǿ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
Ǿ. Ȁ., Ǽǽ. Ȃ.,
ǽ. ȃ., ǽǾ. ȃ.
ǽȄ.Ǿ., Ǽǽ.
Ȃ., ǽȁ. Ȃ.
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lhȍjdþ Z[fep_j dȍ abǅǘ[0 ;KH Ǽǻǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_ / dȏZhȍôǅ0 ;KH Ǿȁ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 kXojelǴdǅ ;KH ǿǼ / jþZ[d.
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽȂ. ȁ. Æ ǽȃ. ȃ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽ. Ǽ. Æ ǽȁ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǽȄ. ȃ. Æ ǾǼ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽȀ. Ǽǽ. Æ ǽȁ.
Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
* Fekp[ l ǘ[hl[dY_ W ihfdk.
ǾȄ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l[ ıfȍdƻbiak ȍ 7c[h_Y[
ıfȍdƻbiae
■ IjkZ[djo bǴaǴ dW ıfWdƻbiak ibkdY[, ceĿ[, fǅi[a W j[cf[hWc[djdǅ ıfWdƻbƽ. ıfWdƻbiae `[ p[cƻ fĿ[aofk`ǅYǅ
Xe^Wjek akbjkhek, ^_ijeh_ǅ W kcƻdǅc.
■ ıfWdƻbiae eY[dǅ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc c_beldǅY_ j[fbW. L bƽjƻ pZ[
j[fbejo ZeiW^k`ǅ fĿ[i Ǿǻ 9[bi_W.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ CWZh_Z.
■ ıfWdƻbiae `[ ǘb[diaek p[cǅ ;K W lǅpW fheje d[ìek fhe
eXǘWdo ǓH fejĿ[XW.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., Ȅ. ǿ., Ǽǻ. ǿ, Ǽ. Ȁ., ǼȀ. ȃ., ǼȄ. ȃ., ȃ. Ȅ.,
Ǽǽ. Ǽǻ., ǽ. ǼǼ., Ȃ. Ǽǽ., ȃ. Ǽǽ.
8ȍhY[bedȍ
Aeicefeb_jdǅ W [aedec_Yao d[`loifƻb[`Ķǅ cƻije ıfWdƻbiaW. Cƻijiaƽ fbǴô[ i Xǅbþc fǅia[c ZƻbW`ǅ p 8WhY[bedo `[Zde
p d[`WjhWaj_ldƻ`ĶǅY^ cƻij ijĿ[Zep[cǅ.
ǿǻ
CȍZh_Z
@[ ^bWldǅc cƻij[c ıfWdƻbiaW i[ ǿ c_b_edo eXolWj[b. B[ôǅ l
][e]hWÔYaƽc ijĿ[Zk ıfWdƻbiaW, `[ iǅZb[c lbǴZo W h[p_Z[dYǅ
ahǴbeliaƽ heZ_do.
=hȍdȍZȍ
Cƻije dW ĠfWjǅ êh I_[hhW D[lWZW `[ l[ ıfWdƻbiak jĿ[jǅc
d[`lƻjĶǅc kd_l[hp_jdǅc cƻij[c.
Cȍbȍ]ȍ
Cǅije, aZ[ cĘô[j[ ife`_j ijkZ_kc i Zeleb[dek. DW`Z[j[
pZ[ fĿ[ahǴidƽ fbǴô[, ^_ijeh_YaǴ Y[djhW ǘ_ ifekijo eXY^ĘZaĘ, aWlǴh[d W h[ijWkhWYǅ.
CȍbbehYȍ
CWbbehYW `[ d[`lƻjĶǅ p 8Wb[ǴhiaþY^ eijhelĘ. ñ_`[ pZ[ Ǽ c_b_ed eXolWj[b W Zǅao ǘ_bƽck Y[ijeldǅck hkY^k CWbbehak aWôZeheǘdƻ dWlĶjǅlǅ Ǽǽ c_b_edĘ jkh_ijĘ.
7b_Yȍdj[
7b_YWdj[, lo^bǴĶ[dƽ ĶfWdƻbiaƽ b[jel_iae, e aj[hƽc i[ jlhZǅ,
ô[ d_aZo d[ifǅ. 7b_YWdj[ fĿ[alWfk`[ ilƽ dǴlĶjƻldǅao fĿ[Z[lĶǅc c_n[c ĶfWdƻbiaþY^ akbjkh, aj[hƽ i[ fhecǅjbo ^Wblƻ Ze
cǅijdǅ WhY^_j[ajkho.
?> Ifȍ_d
8ȍhY[bedȍ, CȍZh_Z, Fȍbcȍ Z[ CȍbbehYȍ, Fbȍoȍ Z[b 9ȍhc[d, 8e]ejȍ
DȏĶ j_f!
D J M S
ĖleZ
8ȍhY[bedȍ0
Ǿǻǻ / ǼȀǻ
Fȍbcȍ Z[ CȍbbehYȍ0
ǽǻǻ / Ǽǻǻ
8e]ejȍ0
Ǽǽǻ / Ȁǻ
Ǽǻ / Ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 Ǽȁ (AebkcX_[ Ǽȃ b[j)
`kd_eĿ_0ǼǾ - ǼȂ b[j (JWhhW]edW)
8ȍhY[bedȍ0 Ȃȁ% ;lhefW, ȁ% 7i_[, Ǽǿ% I[l[hdǅ
7c[h_aW,ǿ% EijWjdǅ
Fȍbcȍ Z[ CȍbbehYȍ0 ȄǾ% ;lhefW, Ǿ% I[l[hdǅ
7c[h_aW, Ǽ% 7i_[, Ǿ% EijWjdǅ
8e]ejȍ0 Ȁǿ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[, ?jǴb_[), Ǿȁ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW, Ǿ% 7i_[, Ȃ%
EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
ceZ[hdǅ kǘ[Xdo, _dj[hd[j, ad_êldW, ijkZeldW,
8ȍhY[bedȍ Æ XWh, j[hWiW
Fbȍoȍ Z[b 9ȍhc[d Æ pW^hWZW, XWh, h[ijWkhWY[,
j[hWiW, CWZh_Z - l_Z[e YbkX, YW\ƽ XWh
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaeb0
WjhWaj_ldǅ beaWb_jo, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ
Beaȍb_jȍ
8ȍhY[bedȍ
ı[ij_fWjhelǴ XkZelW Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW d[ZWb[ae FbWpW 9WjWbkdoW, d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅê dǴcƻijǅ l 8WhY[bedƻ. IjkZ[djĘc `[ a Z_ifep_Y_ ǿǻ ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d W jWaƽ jof_Yaþ ĶfWdƻbiaþ XWh i j[hWiek.
CȍZh_Z
ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ceZ[hdǅ XkZelƻ l Y[djhk cƻijW W dWXǅpǅ ilþc ijkZ[djĘc aec\ehj W ibkôXo loieaƽ alWb_jo. Feiaojk`[ jWaƽ lþkak `_dþY^ `WpoaĘ, Yeô ZǴlǴ ijkZ[djĘc
fĿǅb[ô_jeij fheYl_ǘ_j i_ ĶfWdƻbĶj_dk i heZ_bþc_ cbklǘǅc_.
Fȍbcȍ Z[ CȍbbehYȍ
ıaebW `[ i_jkelǴdW fĿǅce l Y[djhk cƻijW dW FbWpW Z[ 9ehj, d[`lƻjĶǅc W d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅc dǴcƻijǅ. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l[ ǽǻ kǘ[XdǴY^ ǿ fWjhelƽ XkZelo.
Fbȍoȍ Z[b 9ȍhc[d
FbWoW Z[b 9Whc[d `[ jkh_ij_Yaþc Y[djh[c dW CWoiaƽ h_l_ƽĿ[ l C[n_ak, dW feXĿ[ôǅ
AWh_Xiaƽê ceĿ[. ıaebW `[ i_jkelǴdW l iWcejdƽc Y[djhk cƻijW, fekp[ fǴh c_dkj
Y^Ęp[ eZ fbǴô[, XWhĘ, h[ijWkhWYǅ W eXYêZĘ. CǴ ahǴidek pW^hWZk fbdek [nej_YaþY^
ijhecĘ W heijb_d, aZ[ ceêk ijkZ[dj_ h[bWnelWj.
8e]ejȍ
>bWldǅ cƻije AebkcX_[. ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk ǘjlhj_ BW 9WdZ[bWl_W. Ahecƻ lþkao
ĶfWdƻbĶj_do ĶaebW dWXǅpǅ jWaƽ akhpo Wd]b_ǘj_do.
Jȍhhȍ]edȍ
Cƻije i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ fekêk êZ_dk Y[ijo WkjeXki[c ǘ_ lbWa[c eZ 8WhY[bedo. JWhhW]edW `[ _Z[Ǵbdǅ beaWb_jek fhe `kd_ehiaƽ akhpo W b[jdǅ a[cfo.
ıaebo ?dj[hdWj_edWb >eki[ dWXǅp[`ǅ Y[bek ĿWZk akhpĘ feǘǅdW`[ eX[Ydek ǘ_ eXYêZdǅ ĶfȍdƻbĶj_dek,
fĿ[i akhpo fhe i[d_eho, `kd_eho ȍô fe fĿǅfhȍldþ akhp dȍ paekĶak :;B;. L[bc_ WjhWaj_ldǅ ìek aecX_delWdƽ akhpo ĶfWdƻbĶj_do W d[`hĘpdƻ`ĶǅY^ Waj_l_j `Wae `[ dWfĿ. lWĿ[dǅ, \bWc[dYe, b_j[hWjkhW, akbjkhW,
cWha[j_d], cŘZdǅ Z[i_]d d[Xe fejǴfƻdǅ. KXojelǴdǅ Ķaebo dWXǅpǅ l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, ijkZ[djiaþY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^, WfWhjcǴd[Y^ d[Xe êj[b[Y^.
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ȀȀ c_dkj
Akhpo ĶfȍdƻbĶj_do
IjkZelWj dW ?dj[hdWj_edWb >eki[ pdWc[dǴ ijkZelWj dW `[Zdƽ p d[`lƻjĶǅY^ W d[àlWb_jdƻ`ĶǅY^ iǅjǅ `WpoaelþY^ Ķaeb (ǼǿȀ Ķaeb l[ Ȁǻ p[cǅY^). =WhWdY_ alWb_jo ZǴlW`ǅ Ȁǻ b[jƽ
pakĶ[deij_ W ijWj_iǅY[ ifeae`[dþY^ ijkZ[djĘ fe Y[bƽc ilƻjƻ. ıaebo l[ ıfWdƻbiak
W 7c[h_Y[ ìek kcǅijƻdo l[ l[bc_ WjhWaj_ldǅY^ beaWb_jǴY^, kceôŦk`ǅYǅ ijkZ[djĘc
d[`[d pZeaedWbelWj i[ l `WpoY[, Wb[ jWaƽ fepdWj akbjkhk ZWdƽ p[cƻ W delƽ fĿǴj[b[
p Y[bƽê ilƻjW.
:ƽbaȍ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
8ȍhY[bedȍ
FZC
CȍZh_Z *
FZ9
8e]ejȍ
Ǽ Æ ǿ jþZdo
Ȁ Æ Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽǽ Æ ǽǾ jþZdĘ
ǽǿ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ Æ Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽǻȀ
ǼȄǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂǻ
ǽȁȀ
ǽǻȀ
ǼȄǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂǻ
-
ǼȄȂ
Ǽȃǿ
ǼȂȄ
ǼȂǻ
ǽȄǽ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǻǻ
ǼȄǻ
Ǽȃǻ
-
ǽǽǻ
ǽǻǻ
ǽǻǻ
ǽǻǻ
-
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
:;B; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǿ jþZdo
ǽǼǻ
-
ǼȁǾ
-
-
80 ǽȁ. ǿ., ǽȁ. Ȃ., ǽȀ. Ǽǻ.,
CWZh_Z0 aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
8ki_d[ii IfWd_i^ (ǽǻ / Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
ǽǾȀ / ǾȀǾ
-
ǼȁǾ
-
-
ǽǽǾ
ǿǻǻ
ȁǿǻ (JWhhW]edW)
ǽǽǾ
ǿǻǻ
ǽǿǿ
Ǿȁǻ
Ǿǻǻ
Ǿǻǻ
-
-
-
-
=[d[hWb IfWd_i^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ IfWd_i^ (ǽȂ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
Ǽ Æ Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
Ikcc[h 9Wcf (=I (ǼȀ b[aYǅ/ jþZ[d),êǽ Æ ȁ jþZdĘ
c[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, idǅZWdƻ
>ec[ijWo, febef[dp[
H[p_Z[dY[, iZǅb[dþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
H[p_Z[dY[, iZǅb[dþ feae`, febef[dp[
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘô. feae`, idǅZWdƻ
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘô. feae`, febef[dp[
7fWhjcǴd, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`
7fWhjcǴd, iZǅb[dþ feae`
8ȍhY[bedȍ
FZC
CȍZh_Z
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȃǼ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǼȀ
ǽǽȀ
ǼȄȀ
ǽǽǻ
ǽǿȀ
ǽȀǼ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǾǼǻ
ǽȃǼ
ǼȄȀ
ǼȄȀ
ǼǿȀ
Ǽȁǽ
FZ9
8e]ejȍ
ǽǼǻ
Ǽǿǻ
ǽǿȀ
Ǽȁǻ
ǼȄȁ
ǽȁȁ
ǽȁȁ
ǾǾȁ
ǽȃǻ
ǼȄȁ
-
80 ǽǽ. ǽ., Ǽǽ. Ȃ., ǼȀ.
ǼǼ., CWZh_Z0 fhldǅ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽȃ.ȁ., Ȁ.Ȃ., Ǽǽ.Ȃ.,
ǼȄ.Ȃ., ǽȁ.Ȃ.
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, CȍZh_Z0 ;KH ȁǽ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, FbWoW Z[b 9Whc[d, 8e]ejW0 YYW KI: ǾȀ ( ^hWZǅ i[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk).
Lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 8WhY[bedW ;KH ȃǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, CWbbehYW ;KH ȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, CWZh_Z ;KH Ȁȃ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, FbWoW Z[b 9Whc[d KI: ȂȀ KI: / `[Zdk Y[ijk, 8e]ejW KI: Ǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk.
eijȍjdǅ fefbȍjao0 l kXojelǴdǅ i[ ^hWZǅ lhWjdþ Z[fep_j ;KH ǽǻǻ.
* CWZh_Z Æ _dj[dp_jW akhpĘ `[0 =I, 8I0 ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, ?I0 ǾȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, :;B; Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d, I[d_eh 9ekhi[0 ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d .
ǿǼ
Fheo[Yje ;ifȍŢeb
7b_Yȍdj[, =hȍdȍZȍ, 8ȍhY[bedȍ, CȍZh_Z
D U J
7b_YWdj[
=hWdWZW
8WhY[bedW
CWZh_Z
ǼȄǻ / Ȃǻ
ȃǻ / Ǿǻ
Ǽǽǻ / ȁǻ
ȃǻ / ǿǻ
=[d[hWb IfWd_i^
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d]
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Zeifƻbǅ0 ǼȂ b[j
Ǽǻ / Ȁ
Ǽǻ / Ǿ
7b_YWdj[0 ȃȀ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, ?jǴb_[,
ılƽZiae, Febiae, <hWdY_[), ȃ% 7i_[, Ǿ%
I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW, Ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
=hWdWZW0 ȃȀ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, ?jǴb_[,
ılƽZiae, Febiae, <hWdY_[), ȃ% 7i_[, Ǿ%
I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW, Ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
8WhY[bedW0 ȂǼ% ;lhefW (HWaekiak, <hWdY_[,
?jǴb_[), Ǽǽ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae), Ȅ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW, ȃ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
CWZh_Z0 ȃȄ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, <hWdY_[,
?jǴb_[, 7d]b_[, D_pep[ciae), ȃ% I[l[hdǅ
7c[h_aW, ǽ% 7i_[,Ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ze Ȁ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
LĶ[Y^dW Y[djhW ìek loXWl[dW fheijehdþc_
kǘ[XdWc_, ad_êldek i feǘǅjWǘ_ W fĿǅijkf[c
dW _dj[hd[j
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
Y[dW, loieaþ ijWdZWhZ, l[baǴ Õ[n_X_b_jW, ifeae`[dǅ ijkZ[dj_, kcǅijƻdǅ l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
CWZh_Z, 8WhY[bedW0 ȀȀ c_d.
7b_YWdj[, =hWdWZW0 Ȁǻ c_d.
ĖleZ
Fheo[Yje ;ifWŢeb eh]Wd_pk`[ lþkak ĶfWdƻbĶj_do eZ heak ǼȄȄȃ. EZ jƽ ZeXo i[ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ aWôZeheǘdƻ ploĶk`[ ^bWldƻ Zǅao Zefehkǘ[dǅ eZ fĿ[ZYêpǅY^ ab_[djĘ. Kǘ_j[bƽ cW`ǅ kd_l[hp_jdǅ lpZƻbǴdǅ
W pakĶ[deij_ i lþkaek `WpoaĘ. IjkZ[dj_ cW`ǅ ceôdeij pĠǘWijd_j i[ cde^W lþb[jĘ W Waj_l_j d[`[d l 7b_YWdj[ W =hWdWZƻ, Wb[ _ l eaebǅ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
7b_Yȍdj[ Æ ĶaebW `[ l j_Y^ƽ kb_Y_ ^d[Z pW Y[djhǴbdǅc jhô_Ķjƻc. @[ Ȁǻ c lpZǴb[dǴ eZ dǴakfdǅ pŘdo W YYW
Ǽǻ c_d. fƻĶao eZ fbǴôǅ jkh_ij_Yaƽê h[iehjk 9eijW 8bWdYW.
=hȍdȍZȍ Æ efƻj `[ l j_Y^ƽ kb_Y_ l Y[djhk cƻijW, Ǿ Xbeao eZ aWj[ZhǴbo.
8ȍhY[bedȍ Æ ĶaebW `[ l Y[djhk cƻijW, ǽǻ c_dkj eZ fbǴô[. L heY[ ǽǻǻǾ XobW ph[aedijhkelWdǴ W dodǅ jWa
dWXǅpǅ ceZ[hdǅ W WjhWaj_ldǅ Z[i_]d.
CȍZh_Z Æ _ jWje ĶaebW `[ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽ XkZelƻ l Y[djhk cƻijW i[ idWZdek Zeijkfdeijǅ pW`ǅcWlþY^ cǅij
`Wae Fk[hjW Z[b Ieb d[Xe FbWpW CWoeh.
Akhpo fheXǅ^W`ǅ l _dj[dp_jǴY^ ǽǻ, ǽȀ W Ǿǻ b[aYǅ jþZdƻ. DW F; i[ cĘô[j[ fĿ_fhWl_j _ dW paekĶak :;B; ǘ_
pĠǘWijd_j i[ akhpk fhe kǘ_j[b[ (J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]) ĶfWdƻbĶj_do. Fhe cbWZƽ ijkZ[djo l[ lƻak eZ Ǽǿ - ǼȂ
b[j dWXǅpǅ ĶaebW l bƽjƻ fhe]hWc Ikcc[h 9ȍcf. KXojelǴdǅ `[ pW`_ĶĨelǴde l[ iZǅb[dþY^ WfWhjcǴd[Y^
l `[Zde ǘ_ ZlekbĘôaelþY^ feae`ǅY^, l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ l `[Zde ǘ_ ZlekbĘôaelþY^ feae`ǅY^ i febef[dpǅ d[Xe fbdek f[dpǅ. KXojelǴdǅ `[ pfhWl_ZbW l fƻĶǅ lpZǴb[deij_ eZ Ķaebo.
:ƽbaȍ
7b_Yȍdj[,
8ȍhY[bedȍ CȍZh_Z
=hȍdȍZȍ
ǼǼȀ
Ǽǿǻ
ǼǼȀ
ǽǾǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼǼȀ
ǼȄǻ
?dj[di_l[ IfWd_i^ (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:;B; (7, =0Ǿǻ, 80 ǽǻ, C0 ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (7, =0 ǽȀ, 8, C0 ǽǻ b[aYǅ
/ jþZ[d)
Ǽǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
ȄȀ
ǼǼǻ
ǼǾȀ
ǽ jþZdo
ǽǿȀ
-
-
Ikcc[h 9Wcf (=I (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, fbdǴ f[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
ǽ jþZdo
ǿȀǻ
-
-
KXojelȏdǅ
7fWhjcǴd, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
7fWhjcǴd, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
7b_Yȍdj[
=hȍdȍZȍ
8ȍhY[bedȍ
CȍZh_Z
Ǽǽȁ
ǼǿȂ
ȁȀ
ȂȀ
Ǽǽȁ
ǼǿȂ
Ȃǻ
ȃȀ
ǼȀȀ
ǼȂȀ
Ǽǻǻ
Ǽǽǻ
ǼȀȀ
ǼȃȀ
ǼǻȀ
Ǽǽǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
7, =0 ǽ n
cƻiǅǘdƻ,
l bƽjƻ ǘWijƻ`_
8, C0 aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
7. ǽȄ. Ǿ.
=. ȁ. Ȅ.
ǘ[hl[d[Y
- ihf[d
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ȁǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[ ;KH Ǿǻ (lhWjdþ Z[fep_j), lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0
7b_YWdj[0 ;KH ǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, =hWdWZW ;KH ǾȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, CWbW]W ;KH Ǽǿǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, 8WhY[bedW ;KH ȁȀ /
`[Zdk Y[ijk, CWZh_Z ;KH ȀȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ - Ȅ. Ǽ.ǽǻǼǼ.
* Fekp[ fhe fǴh d[Xe ZlW ijkZ[djo fĿ_`ǅôZƻ`ǅYǅ ifeb[ǘdƻ.
CȍbȍYȍ ?dij_jkje
Cȍbȍ]ȍ
D M S
ǾȀǻ / ǽǻǻ
Ǽǻ / ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
Ȃǻ% ;lhefW
Ǽǻ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ǽǻ% 7i_[,
Ǽǻ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ǽȀ kǘ[X[d, ijkZeldW, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc,
XWh, h[ijWkhWY[, jWd[ǘdǅ ijkZ_e, a_de, akYôŦaW,
fhǴZ[bdW, l[daeldǅ j[hWio, pW^hWZW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
loieY[ alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, Ķ_heaþ lþXƻh akhpĘ
W kXojelǴdǅ, beaWb_jW, fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_dkj
ĖleZ
CWbWYW ?dij_jkje fWjĿǅ c[p_ kpdǴlWdƽ Ķaebo i Zbekêb[jek jhWZ_Yǅ. L[ ıfWdƻbiak fĘieXǅ dW jh^k lpZƻbǴlǴdǅ `_ô ǾȀ b[j. L Wh[Ǵbk Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ ijkZ[djiaǴ h[p_Z[dY[ 9bkX >_ifǴd_Ye (ǼǼǻ feae`Ę), h[ijWkhWY[ ǘ_ jWd[ǘdǅ ijkZ_e. ıaebW `[ Wah[Z_jelWdǴ ?dij_jkje 9[hlWdj[i W `[ ǘb[d[c eh]Wd_pWYǅ0 ;7GK7BI,
?7B9 W EB;.
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ Ǽǻ c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ fbǴô[ W ǼȀ c_d. WkjeXki[c Ze Y[djhW cƻijW. @[ _Z[Ǵbdǅc cǅij[c
fhe ijkZ_kc ĶfWdƻbĶj_do.
ıaebW dWXǅpǅ l[baþ lþXƻh akhpĘ. Ahecƻ pǴabWZdǅY^ W _dj[dp_ldǅY^ akhpĘ ĶfWdƻbĶj_do (=[d[hȍb Ifȍd_i^
ȍ ?dj[di_l[ Ifȍd_i^) pZ[ cĘô[j[ ijkZelWj _ aecX_delWdƽ akhpo (dȍfĿ. `ȍpoa + lȍĿ[dǅ d[Xe jȍd[Y),
fĿǅfhWlW dW paekĶak :;B;, 8ki_d[ii Ifȍd_i^, I[d_eh 9ekhi[, Ed[ je ed[ W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^.
?dj[di_l[ IfWd_i^ (ǽǿ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ IfWd_i^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
8ki_d[ii IfWd_i^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:;B; (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
IfWd_i^ + :WdY[ (ǽǻ + Ǽǻ b[aY[ jWdY[)
IfWd_i^ \eh Jekh_ic (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:ƽbaȍ
ǽ - ǿǻ jþZdĘ
ǽ Æ Ǽȁ
jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - Ǽǽ jþZdĘ
ǿ jþZdo
Ǽ - ǽ jþZdo
ǽ jþZdo
ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
KXojelȏdǅ
IjkZ[dj 7fWhjc[dji*, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
IjkZ[dj 7fWhjc[dji*, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
IjkZ[dj 7fWhjc[dji**, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
IjkZ[dj 7fWhjc[dji**, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
9bkX >_ifǴd_Ye, X[p `ǅZbW (bp[ ZefbWj_j idǅZWdƻ, febef[dp[ d[Xe fbdǴ f[dp[)
ǻ j.
Ǿȁǽ
ǿǾǽ
ǿȁǾ
ȃȂȄ
9[dȍ l ;KH
ǽ j.
ǿ j. ZȍbĶǅ j.
ȁȄȀ
ȄȄȁ
Ǽǿǿ
ȃǽǼ ǼǼȂǻ
ǼȂȀ
ȃȂǼ Ǽǽǿȁ
ǼȃȄ
ǼȁȀȀ
ǿǽǻ / jþZ[d
Ȃǿȁ / akhp
ǾǼȀ / jþZ[d
ǿǿȃ / akhp
ȀȃȀ / ǽ jþZdo
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
dW
loôǴZǴdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
ǽǼǻ
ǼȃȄ
ǼǽǼ
ȃǼ
Ǽȃǽ
ǼǼȂ
Ǽǿǻ Æ ǿȄȂ / jþZ[d
Zb[ jofk feae`[
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȃǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_ l Cȍbȍp[0 ;KH ȃǻ / eXƻ
Y[ijo, fĿǅfbȍjao pȍ loieaek i[pŘdk fhe lĶ[Y^do jofo kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǿȄ / jþZ[d. AbkX >_ifȏd_Ye - Z[fep_j0 ;KH Ǽǻǻ (^hWZǅ
i[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk). Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǼǾ. ȁ. Æ Ǽȃ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ǽ. Æ Ǽǽ. ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǼȄ. Ȅ. Æ Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ, Ķaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0
ǼȄ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
*Ǿǻ c_d. eZ Ķaebo, ZeXhƽ loXWl[dǅ, Xbǅpae cƻijiaƽ ZefhWlo. **Ǽǻ c_d. eZ Ķaebo, aec\ehjdƻ`Ķǅ loXWl[dǅ, ab_cWj_pWY[, XWpƽd.
ǿǽ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l[ <hȍdY__
<hȍdY_[
FȍĿǅô
■ <hWdY_[ `[ p[cǅ lǅdW, cŘZo, ĠifƻĶdþY^ \_bcelþY^ aec[Z_ǅ.<hWdY__ eY[dǅ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc c_beldǅY_ ZeXhƽê `ǅZbW.
<hWdYekpiaǴ akYôdƻ `[ c[p_dǴheZdƻ lo^bǴĶ[dǴ.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ FWĿǅô.
feôXk`ǅ aeb[c ;KH ǾȀǻ / jþZ[d.
■ <hWdY_[ fWjĿǅ Ze ;K W lǅpW fheje d[ìek fhe eXǘWdo ǓH
fejĿ[XW.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǼǾ. ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., ȃ. Ȁ., ǽǼ. Ȁ., Ǽǿ. Ȃ., ǼǼ.
ǼǼ., ǽȀ. Ǽǽ.
L FWĿǅô_ i[ dWY^Ǵp[`ǅ fWcǴjao idWZ p[ lĶ[Y^ WhY^_j[ajed_YaþY^ ibe^Ę. DǴXĿ[ôǅ Ŀ[ao I[_do eZ Beklhk Wô a ;_\\[belƻ lƻô_ `[ pWfiǴde dW I[pdWck ilƻjelƽê ZƻZ_Yjlǅ
KD;I9E.
D_Y[
Jkh_ij_Yaƽ b[jel_iae D_Y[ b[ôǅ dW `_^k <hWdY_[ l Fhel[dY[
c[p_ 9Wdd[i W CedWa[c dW 7pkhelƽc feXĿ[ôǅ IjĿ[Zep[cdǅê ceĿ[. D_Y[ fĿ_jW^k`[ jkh_ijo ijǴb[ ceZhek eXbeêk, Y^bWZ_lþc ceĿiaþc lǴda[c, cWb[Xdþc_ kb_ǘaWc_ W
fĿǅ`[cdþc_ aWlǴhdWc_.
9ȍdd[i
9Wdd[i `[ pdǴc[ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc Zǅao ibWldƽck Ôbcelƽck \[ij_lWbk. B[ôǅ dW <hWdYekpiaƽ h_l_ƽĿ[, aj[hǴ `[ d[`pdǴcƻ`Ķǅc
W d[`hecWdj_ǘjƻ`Ķǅc cǅij[c l ;lhefƻ.
<hȍdY[ Bȍd]k[
FȍĿǅô, D_Y[
D J M
FWĿǅô0 ǿǻǻ / ǾȀǻ
D_Y[0 ǽǻǻ / ȁǻ
Ǽǽ / ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȂ b[j
FWĿǅô0 Ǽǿ% @Wfediae, Ǽǽ% 8hWpǅb_[, ǼǼ% Dƻc[Yae, Ǽǻ% ılƽZiae, Ȅ% ıfWdƻbiae
D_Y[0 ǼȂ% Dƻc[Yae, ǼǼ% ılƽZiae, Ȅ% Hkiae,
ȃ% ıfWdƻbiae, Ȃ% 8hWpǅb_[
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǿ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
fheijehdƽ W ab_cWj_pelWdƽ kǘ[Xdo, aWlǴhdW,
ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ Y[djhkc i WkZ_e bWXehWjeĿǅ, _dj[hd[j pZWhcW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaeb0
jhWZ_Y[, alWb_jW, lþXehdǴ beaWb_jW, Ķ_heaǴ dWXǅZaW akhpĘ, Õ[n_X_b_jW Zǅao hWddǅ, eZfeb[Zdǅ W
l[ǘ[hdǅ lþkY[
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
<hWdY[ BWd]k[ fWjĿǅ c[p_ Ķaebo i Zbekêk jhWZ_Yǅ. L FWĿǅôǅ XobW ĶaebW pWbeô[dW
l heY[ ǼȄȂȁ W e Ǽȃ b[j fepZƻ`_ l heY[ ǼȄȄǿ ej[lĿ[be <hWdY[ BWd]k[ Ķaebk jWaƽ
l D_Y[. B[jei ibWlǅ Ǿǿ b[j eZ ilƽê pWbeô[dǅ. 8ƻ^[c jƽje ZeXo `_ô fĿ_lǅjWbW j_iǅY[
ijkZ[djĘ p lǅY[ d[ô Ǽǻǻ p[cǅ ilƻjW. Lþkak l[Zek alWb_ÔaelWdǅ b[ajeĿ_, aj[Ŀǅ cW`ǅ i lþkaek \hWdYekpĶj_do
fhe Y_p_dY[ Xe^Wjƽ pakĶ[deij_.
Beaȍb_jȍ
FȍĿǅô0 ıaebW iǅZbǅ feXbǅô 9^Wcfi ;boi[ƽi dW dǴcƻijǅ L_YjehW >k]W, `[d aeki[a eZ ;_\[bbelo lƻô[.
D_Y[0 ıaebW iǅZbǅ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk D_Y[, `[d ǼȀ c_dkj Y^Ęp[ eZ fbǴô[ W fek^þY^ Ȁ c_dkj a lbWaelƽ
ijWd_Y_.
<hWdY[ BWd]k[ dWXǅpǅ akhpo eX[Ydƽ \hWdYekôĶj_do l[ jĿ[Y^ _dj[dp_jǴY^ W je =[d[hȍb <h[dY^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), ?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) W ?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d). Akhpo `[ ceôdƽ ijkZelWj
l hWddǅ, eZfeb[Zdǅ ǘ_ l[ǘ[hdǅ lþkY[. HWddǅ lþkaW `[ eZ Ġj[hþ Ze fǴjak. KXojelǴdǅ pW`_ĶĨk`[ ĶaebW <hWdY[
BWd]k[ l heZ_dǴY^ ǘ_ ĶaebdǅY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^.
Akhpo \hȍdYekpĶj_do
=[d[hWb <h[dY^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, i febef[dpǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, i febef[dpǅ
H[p_Z[dY[, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, i[ idǅZWdǅ*
:ƽbaȍ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȅ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȅ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - ȃ jþZdĘ
Ȅ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
Ǽ - ǿ jþZdo
FȍĿǅô
D_Y[
ǽǻǻ
ǼȄǻ
Ǽȃǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽǾǻ
ǽǽǻ
ǿǻǻ
Ǿȃǻ
Ǿȁǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǿǻǻ
ǽȃȀ
ǽȂǻ
Ȁǽǻ
FȍĿǅô
D_Y[
ǽȂǼ
ǽǼȂ
ǽǾȄ
ǽǻǾ
ǽȃǽ
ǽǿȀ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ǿǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ȁǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH Ǿǽ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 FWĿǅô ;KH Ȃǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, D_Y[ ;KH ǽȃ / `[Zdk Y[ijk. ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 D_Y[ - ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ - Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ, FWĿǅô - ej[lĿ[de _ fĿ[i LǴdeY[.
* L D_Y[ `[ h[p_Z[dY[ fekp[ l eXZeXǅ eZ Ǽ. Ǽ. - ȃ. Ȁ. W ǽȁ. Ȅ. - ǾǼ. Ǽǽ.ǽǻǼǻ, X[p idǅZWdƻ.
ǿǾ
?> D_Y[
D_Y[
D M U S
ǼȀǻ / ǿǻ
Ǽǻ / ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
ǼȂ b[j
ılþYWhiae
ılƽZiae
L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[
Dƻc[Yae
@Wfediae
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ab_cWj_pelWdƽ kǘ[X[do, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW
i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, Y[djhkc fhe iWceijkZ_kc, m_Ô, l[daeldǅ j[hWiW, pW^hWZW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
beaWb_jW, alWb_jW, fĿǅ`[cdǅ W alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ,
dǅpaþ feǘ[j ijkZ[djĘ l[ jĿǅZƻ, jhWZ_Y[, fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
?> D_Y[ `[ iekǘǴijǅ eh]Wd_pWY[ ?dj[hdWj_edWb >eki[ MehbZ Eh]Wd_pWj_ed, aj[hǴ i[ iabǴZǴ p[ ǼǿȀ Ķaeb l Ȁǻ p[cǅY^ ilƻjW. LĶ[Y^do Ķaebo ?> pWhkǘk`ǅ alWb_jk W ifeae`[deij ijkZ[djĘ. ?> D_Y[ XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȃǿ. ıaebW cǴ eZ ilƽê pWbeô[dǅ ij[`dƽ l[Z[dǅ,
aj[hƽ ZXǴ dW loieaek alWb_jk lþkao W dW eieXdǅ fƽǘ_ e ijkZ[djo. ıaebW jWaƽ eh]Wd_pk`[
Ķ_heaþ fhe]hWc Waj_l_j l D_Y[ _ eaebǅ (9Wdd[i, IW_dj Jhef[p, Cedj[ 9Whbe WjZ.).
Beaȍb_jȍ
ıaebW ?> D_Y[ i[ l heY[ ǽǻǻȄ fĿ[ijƻêlWbW Ze fh[ij_ôdǅ eXYêZdǅ Ķaebo ?F7= dW 8ekb[lWhZ
9WhWXWY[b, aeki[a eZ =Wh_XWbZ_ê dǴcƻijǅ W `[d aeki[a eZ fbǴô[.
ıaebW dWXǅpǅ lþkak =[d[hȍb <h[dY^ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d) W ?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ /
jþZ[d). Lþkak l[ iakf_dƻ cĘô[j[ paecX_delWj _ i b[aY[c_ Ed[ je ed[ (ǽǻ b[aYǅ =< + ǿ eZfeb[Zdǅ Ed[
je ed[ / jþZ[d). Jkje lWh_Wdjk `[ ceôdƽ ijkZelWj _ _dj[dp_ldƻ`_. IWcepĿ[`ceijǅ ìek fĿǅfhWldƽ akhpo dW
paekĶao :;B< ȍ :7B< (=< + eZfeb[Zdǅ fĿǅfhWlW dW paekĶao). L dWXǅZY[ ìek _ ZlekjþZ[ddǅ akhpo fhe
kǘ_j[b[ J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]. I[d_eĿ_ ceêk lokôǅj I[d_eh 9ekhi[, l `[êô Y[dƻ ìek _ Waj_l_jo, kXojelǴdǅ W
jhWdi\[ho. KXojelǴdǅ bp[ `_ô jhWZ_ǘdƻ leb_j p êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_d i febef[dpǅ ǘ_ `[ZdebĘôaelþY^ ijkZ_ǅ X[p
ijhWlo.
:ƽbaȍ
=[d[hWb <h[dY^ (ǽǻ + ǿ iekahecƽ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
:;B< 7Ǽ, 7ǽ, 8Ǽ (ǽȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
:;B< 8ǽ, :7B< (ǽǽ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
9[dȍ l ;KH
ǻ j.
ǽ j.
ȁ j.
ZȍbĶǅ j.
ǿȀǻ
ȀȄǻ
ȃȀǻ
ȀȄǻ
ȁȀǻ
Ȅǻǻ
ǼǼȃǻ
ǼȂǻǻ
ǼǼȃǻ
ǼǾǻǻ
Ǽȁȃǻ
ǽǽǻǻ
Ǿǽȃǻ
ǽǽǻǻ
ǽǿȃǻ
ǼȄǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȀǻ
ǽȄǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
dW
loôǴZǴdǅ
ǽÆǿ
jþZdo ǽǻǻǻ ǿǻǻǻ
J[WY^[h JhW_d_d] (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo Ȃǻǻ
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (=< (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d), êc[ijWo, ǽ - Ȁǽ
Ǽǿǻǻ ǽȂǻǻ
febef[dp[, Waj_l_jo, jhWdi\[ho)
jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
Ŀǅ`[d - ZkX[d alƻj[d - pȏĿǅ
Ǽȁȃ
ǼȄǽ
ǽǿȀ
ǽȃǻ
aWôZƽ
fedZƻbǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
aWôZek
d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH ǿȀ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǾȀ fhe êc[ijWo, ;KH ȁǻ fhe kXojelǴdǅ l WfWhjcǴd[Y^, êj[bk
W ijkZ_[Y^, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǽȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk (fekp[ fĿ_ kXojelǴdǅ l êc[ijWo), lhȍjdþ
Z[fep_j l h[i_Z[dY_0 ;KH ǼȀǻ (^hWZǅ i[ fe fĿǅ`[pZk).
Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 alƻj[d - pǴĿǅ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 Ŀǅ`[d Æ ZkX[d, ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ Ǿ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
;iYȍfȍZ[ 9ȍdd[i
9ȍdd[i
D M U S
Ȁǻ / ǾȀ
ȃ/ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȃ b[j
ǿȀ% ;lhefW (ılþYWhiae, ıfWdƻbiae)
ǼȀ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[, AebkcX_[)
Ȁ% 7i_[ (@Wfediae, Aeh[W)
Ȁ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW (KI7, AWdWZW)
Ǿǻ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ȁ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ilƻjbƽ W ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ jĿǅZo, _dj[hd[j
YW\ƽ, ifeb[ǘ[diaǴ cǅijdeij
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
eieXdǅ fĿǅijkf a[ aWôZƽck ijkZ[djel_, fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW cWbƽ Ķaebo, Ķaebdǅ h[p_Z[dY[ i ǽ
XWpƽdo
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
ǿȀ c_dkj
ĖleZ
ıaebW ;iYWfWZ[ 9Wdd[i `[ cWbǴ ĶaebW i fĿǅ`[cdek heZ_dek Wjcei\ƽhek. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l ceZ[hdǅY^ W ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[XdǴY^. IjkZ[dj_ cW`ǅ a Z_ifep_Y_ jWaƽ _dj[hd[jelek aWlǴhdk.
Beaȍb_jȍ
9Wdd[i `[ cƻije dW `_êlþYêZƻ <hWdY_[. @Z[ e l[bc_ WjhWaj_ldǅ beaWb_jk dW <hWdYekpiaƽ h_l_ƽĿ[. 9Wdd[i b[ôǅ l dǴZ^[hdƽc pǴb_lk W `[ eXabef[de êhWc_. 9Wdd[i `[ pdǴcƽ d[`[d feĿǴZǴdǅc ibWldƽê \_bcelƽê \[ij_lWbk, Wb[ jWaƽ
bknkidǅc_ eXYêZo, h[ijWkhWY[c_ W Wjcei\ƽhek cWbƽê ijĿ[ZeceĿiaƽê cƻijW. ıaebW ;iYWfWZ[ i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ fǴh
aheaĘ eZ fbǴô[. :e Y[djhW cƻijW `[ je jWaƽ Xbǅpae, fek^þY^ fǴh c_dkj WkjeXki[c.
ıaebW ;iYWfWZ[ 9Wdd[i dWXǅpǅ akhpo =[d[hȍb <h[dY^ l _dj[dp_jƻ ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d ǘ_ ?dj[di_l[ <h[dY^ l _dj[dp_jƻ
Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d (ǽǻ b[aYǅ =< + Ǽǻ b[aYǅ pWcƻĿ[dþY^ dW <h[dY^ WdZ =Wijhedeco, B_l[ <h[dY^, <h[dY^ WdZ 9kbjkh[,
<h[dY^ WdZ 9_d[cW). L Y[dƻ akhpĘ `[ m[bYec[ fWhjo, fĘbZ[ddǅ [nakhp[ W `[ZdW l[ǘ[hdǅ Waj_l_jW jþZdƻ. Fhe l[bc_
cej_lelWdƽ ijkZ[djo, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ kZƻbWj Ye d[`lƻjĶǅ feahea ìek jk akhpo Ed[ je ed[ W Ed[ je ed[ 8ki_d[ii. Fhe
kǘ_j[b[ ìek l dWXǅZY[ akhpo J[ȍY^[h Jhȍ_d_d]. Fhe ijkZ[djo Ȁǻ+ `[ jk akhp I[d_eh 9ekhi[. ıaebW ;iYWfWZ[ 9Wdd[i
pW`_ĶĨk`[ ilþc ijkZ[djĘc kXojelǴdǅ l heZ_dǴY^, h[p_Z[dYǅY^, WfWhjcǴd[Y^ W êj[b[Y^.
Ed[ je ed[ (Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ 8ki_d[ii (Ȁ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (=< (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d),
êc[ijWo, febef[dp[, Waj_l_jo)
:ƽbaȍ
ȁ j.
Ǻǻ j.
ǽǻȄ
ǾǼǻ
ǽ jþZdo
ǽǽȃ ǽǽǾ
ǾǾǽ ǾǽȀ
ǽȀǻ
ǾǽȀ
ȀȀǻ / akhp
ǽ jþZdo
ǼǿȀǻ / akhp
Ǽ -Ǽǽ
jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i[ idǅZWdǅ
>ec[ijWo, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae` i febef[dpǅ
IjkZ_e, iZǅb[dƽ Wô fhe ǿ eieXo, X[p ijhWlo
IjkZ_e, iZǅb[dƽ Wô fhe ȁ eieX, X[p ijhWlo
7fWhjcǴdo, iZǅb[dþ feae`, X[p ijhWlo
Ǻ - ǽ j.
Ǿ j.
ǽǾǻ
ǾǾȀ
ǽ n cƻiǅǘdƻ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
ǽȃ.Ǿ., ǽǾ.Ȁ., Ǽǽ.Ȅ.
Ŀǅ`[d - ZkX[d
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
alƻj[d - pȏĿǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ
j[hcǅdo
ǽǽǻ
ǽȄǻ
ǾǼȀ
ȀȂȀ
ǼȄǻ
ȀȄȄ
ȄǿȀ
ǽȁǻ
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȁǻ , fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 p D_Y[ ;KH ǿǻ / `[Zdk
Y[ijk, p 9Wdd[i ;KH ǽǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, eijȍjdǅ fefbȍjao0 lhWjdþ Z[fep_j Ǽǻǻ ;KH l kXojelǴdǅ.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 ǽǻ.Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ - ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǼ.
ǿǿ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l ?jȏb__
?jȏb_[
■ ?jǴb_[ cǴ ilƽ plbǴĶjdǅ aekpbe W fĿ_jW^k`[ ijkZ[djo p
Y[bƽê ilƻjW. @[ je p[cƻ lƻǘdƻ pWb_jǴ ibkdY[c W j[fb[c, l `[`ǅcô lpZkY^k i[ cǅiǅ lĘdƻ fhe^ĿǴjƽê ceĿ[
W Y^bWZdþ êhiaþ lpZkY^ p 7bf.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ ļǅc.
■ ?jǴb_[ fWjĿǅ Ze ;K W lǅpW fheje d[ìek fhe eXǘWdo ǓH
fejĿ[XW.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǼǾ. ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., ȃ. Ȁ., ǽǼ. Ȁ., Ǽǿ. Ȃ., ǼǼ.
ǼǼ., ǽȀ. Ǽǽ.
ļǅc
@[ ^bWldǅc cƻij[c ?jǴb_[ W jWaƽ iǅZb[c lbǴZo. @[ê ^_ijeh_[
iW^Ǵ Wô Ze ļǅciaƽ ĿǅĶ[, aZo Xob `[`ǅc Y[djh[c.
C_bȏd
C_bǴd `[ eXYêZdǅc Y[djh[c ?jǴb_[ W Zǅao ilƽ lþêZdƽ febep[ i[ idWZdþc fĿǅijkf[c a ceĿ_, `[p[hĘc _ êhǴc cĘô[
dWXǅZdekj aWôZƽck jkh_ijel_ loô_jǅ feZb[ `[ê fĿ[ZijWl.
<beh[dY_[
<beh[dY_[ `[ felWôelǴdW pW ZodWc_Yaƽ cƻije i l[baþc akbjkhdǅc ZƻZ_Yjlǅc, kd_l[hp_jdǅ jhWZ_Yǅ W l d[feib[Zdǅ ĿWZƻ
cŘZdǅc Y[djh[c.
I_[dȍ
I_[dW fhe cdeê b_Zǅ d[àhǴidƻ`Ķǅ eXbWijǅ JeiaǴdiaW. @[`ǅc
ihZY[c `[ F_WppW Z[b 9Wcfe, Y[djhkc êij_d W XWh[ldþY^
\[ij_lWbĘ.
ǿȀ
?> ?jȍbo
<beh[dY_[, ļǅc, C_bȏd
D M S
<beh[dY_[0 ǼǾǻ / Ȅǻ
ļǅc0 ȁǻǻ / Ǽȁǻ
C_bȏd0 Ȃǻ / ȁǻ
<beh[dY_[0 Ǽǽ / Ȃ
ļǅc0 Ǽǿ / Ǽǽ
C_bȏd0 Ǽǻ / Ȃ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j (C_bǴd Ǽȃ b[j)
ȀȂ% ;lhefW (L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[, Dƻc[Yae, Hkiae,
ılƽZiae, ılþYWhiae)
ȃ % @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW (8hWpǅb_[)
ȃ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW (KI7)
Ȁ% 7i_[
ǽǽ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaeb0
ceZ[hdƻ pWĿǅp[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, _dj[hd[j pZWhcW,
ijkZeldW, ad_êldW, ckbj_c[Z_Ǵbdǅ kǘ[XdW
kcǅijƻdǅ l WjhWaj_ldǅY^ beaWb_jǴY^ l Y[djh[Y^ cƻij,
alWb_ÔaelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, Ķ_heaþ W pW`ǅcWlþ lþXƻh akhpĘ,
fhe]hWc Waj_l_j, fĿǴj[biaǴ Wjcei\ƽhW
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
<beh[dY_[0 Ȁǻ c_d.
C_bȏd0 ǿȀ c_d.
ļǅc0 ȀȀ c_d.
ĖleZ
?dj[hdWj_edWb >eki[ Xob pWbeô[d fĿ[Z lǅY[ `Wa Ȁǻ b[jo. @[ iekǘǴijǅ
?dj[hdWj_edWb >eki[ MehbZ Eh]Wd_iWj_ed, aj[hǴ Zd[i iZhkôk`[ ǼǿȀ Ķaeb l Ȁǻ p[cǅY^ fe Y[bƽc ilƻjƻ. ?> fWjĿǅ c[p_ dƻ`lƻjĶǅ
W d[àlWb_jdƻ`Ķǅ `Wpoaelƽ Ķaebo dW ilƻjƻ, aZ[ aWôZeheǘdƻ ijkZk`ǅ
Z[iǅjao j_iǅY ijkZ[djĘ. ıaebo l ?jǴb__ ìek l[ l[bc_ WjhWaj_ldǅY^ beaWb_jǴY^, aZ[ ilĘ` ijkZ_`dǅ feXoj cĘô[j[ ife`_j i Y[ijelǴdǅc, dǴlĶjƻlek ^_ijeh_YaþY^ fWcǴj[a ǘ_ akbjkhdǅc loô_jǅc. CǴj[ d[`[d
lþXehdek fĿǅb[ô_jeij, `Wa i_ pb[fĶ_j _jWbĶj_dk, Wb[ jWaƽ fepdWj delƽ
fĿǴj[b[ p hĘpdþY^ p[cǅ ilƻjW W akbjkhk jƽje ahǴidƽ p[cƻ.
Beaȍb_jȍ
<beh[dY_[
H[d[iWdǘdǅ <beh[dY_[ `[ c[jhefeb[ JeiaǴdiaW W fWjĿǅ a d[àhǴidƻ`Ķǅc cƻijĘc dW ilƻjƻ. @[ je cƻije fbdƽ akbjkho W ^_ijeh_[ fĿ_jW^k`ǅYǅ fĿ[Z[lĶǅc c_beldǅao kcƻdǅ. ıaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk l ahǴidƽ XkZelƻ p[ ǼȂ. ijeb[jǅ i lþ^b[Z[c dW Ŀ[ak
W ibWldþ Fedj[ L[YY^_e. A Z_ifep_Y_ `[ Ǽǻ ceZ[hdƻ pWĿǅp[dþY^
W ab_cWj_pelWdþY^ kǘ[X[d, aZ[ lǴi XkZek kǘ_j fĿǴj[bĶjǅ W alWb_\_aelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ. @[Zdek p ^bWldǅY^ Y^WhWaj[h_ij_a Ķaebo `[ heZ_ddǴ
Wjcei\ƽhW, aj[hek eYǅjǅj[ ^d[Z fhldǅ Z[d, aZo ĶaebW feĿǴZǴ klǅjWYǅ fǴhjo fhe ijkZ[djo _ kǘ_j[b[.
ļǅc
Ijelao if_ielWj[bĘ, XǴidǅaĘ W kcƻbYĘ eibWlelWbo `[ê ahǴik,
XWhlo, kcƻdǅ, ^_ijeh__. ļǅc Wb[ d[dǅ fekp[ cƻij[c fbdþc
cedkc[djĘ, ijWhelƻaþY^ fWbǴYĘ W ckp[ǅ, `[ jWaƽ ceZ[hdǅc
cƻij[c fbdþc ô_lejW, dWXǅp[`ǅYǅ pǴXWlk lĶ[ê Zhk^k. ıaebW `[ i_jkelWdǴ l Y[djhk ļǅcW l Ȁ fWjhelƽ XkZelƻ. LþkaW fheXǅ^Ǵ l Ǽǻ kǘ[XdǴY^ l ^bWldǅ XkZelƻ W ZǴb[ l ZWbĶǅY^ ǼȀ kǘ[XdǴY^ l[
l[Zb[`ĶǅY^ XkZelǴY^ lpZǴb[dþY^ fekp[ dƻaeb_a c[jhĘ.
C_bȏd
C_bǴd `[ ǘWije dWpþlǴd cƻij[c cŘZo. DW`Z[j[ pZ[ ^_ijeh_Yaƽ XkZelo, ckp[W, ]Wb[h_[, cdeê
eXY^ĘZaĘ, aWlǴh[d W d[ifeǘ[j fĿǅb[ô_jeijǅ a[ akbjkhdǅck loô_jǅ. 8kZelW Ķaebo i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ dW
ab_Zdƽc dǴcƻijǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW feXbǅô :kece aWj[ZhǴbo, eXYêZĘ W h[ijWkhWYǅ. FĿǴj[bĶjǅ W loieY[ alWb_\_aelWdǅ kǘ_j[bƽ, feĿǴZǴdǅ d[`hĘpdƻ`ĶǅY^ fhe]hWcĘ W Waj_l_j, ǼǼ ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dþY^
kǘ[X[d, je lĶ[ dWXǅpǅ ?> C_bǴd.
ıaebo dWXǅp[`ǅ Y[bek ĿWZk akhpĘ eZ lĶ[eX[Ydƽ ȍ _dj[dp_ldǅ _jȍbĶj_do fĿ[i eXYêZdǅ _jȍbĶj_dk, akhpo
fhe ijkZ[djo dWZ Ȁǻ b[j (I[d_eh 9ekhi[) Wô fe akhpo fĿ_fhȍlk`ǅYǅ a c[p_dȏheZdƻ kpdȏlȍdþc
paekĶaȏc. PW`ǅcWlƽ ìek khǘ_jƻ akhpo `WpoaW l aecX_dWY_ i Waj_l_jWc_ `Wae dWfĿ. lȍĿ[dǅ, kcƻdǅ,
^_ijeh_[, ȍhY^[ebe]_[, cŘZȍ ȍ Z[i_]d. KXojelǴdǅ `[ pW`_ĶĨelǴde l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^, ijkZ[djiaþY^ h[p_Z[dYǅY^ W fhe dǴheǘdƻ`Ķǅ ab_[djo l WfWhjcǴd[Y^.
Akhpo _jȍbĶj_do
:ƽbaȍ
<beh[dY_[
C_bȏd
ļǅc *
=[d[hWb ?jWb_Wd (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ ?jWb_Wd (Ǿǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
I[d_eh 9ekhi[ (=? (ǽǻ b[aYǅ/jþZ[d, Waj_l_jo)
?jWb_Wd \eh <Wi^_ed ȏ :[i_]d (ǽǻ + ȃ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ jþZdo
Ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
Ǿ jþZdo
ǿ - Ȁǽ jþZdĘ
ǽ jþZdo
ǽ, ǿ jþZdo
ǽ Æ ǿ jþZdo
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȀȂ
ǽǿȀ
ǽǿȀ
ǽǽǻ
Ȃȁǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȀȂ
ǽǿǻ
ǽǿǼ
ǽǽȄ
ǿǻǻ
ǽȁȀ
Ȃȃǻ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȂȀ
ǼȀȂ
ǽȂȀ
ǽȁȀ
ǽȀȀ
ǿǽǻ
ȃǻǻ
=? + 9kbjkh[ 9ekhi[ (ǽǻ + ǿ b[aY[ / jþZ[d)
ǽ Æ ǿȃ jþZdĘ
ǽǽǻ
-
-
ǽ Æ ǿ jþZdo
ǼǼȀ
8ki_d[ii ?jWb_Wd (Ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
KXojelȏdǅ
>ec[ijWo, ZlekbĘôaelþ feae`, idǅZWdƻ
7fWhjcǴdo, iWceijWjdþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
7fWhjcǴd, iZǅb[dþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
<beh[dY_[
Ǽȃǽ
ǼǾǾ
ǽȀȄ
ǽǼǻ
Ǽǿǻ
Ȅȃ
C_bȏd
ǼȃȀ
ǽǾǻ
ǼȀȀ
-
ļǅc
ǼȂǽ
Ǽǿǿ
ǽȂǼ
ǽǿǾ
ǼȀȀ
Ǽǽǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
Ǽǻ. Ȁ., ȁ. Ȅ.
Ȃ .ȁ., Ȁ. Ȃ.,ǽ. ȃ.
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
dW loôǴZǴdǅ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȃǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 <beh[dY_[ ;KH ȀȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, ļǅc ;KH ȃǼ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, C_bǴd B_dWj[ ;KH Ȃǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk,
C_bǴd CWbf[diW0 ǼǾǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk.
ıaebdǅ fhȏpZd_do0 C_bǴd0 ǽȀ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ, ļǅc0 Ǽȃ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ Æ ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ, <beh[dY_[0 ǽǿ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ - Ǽ. Ǽ. ǽǻǼǼ.
* DǴijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo i[ b_Ķǅ eZ kl[Z[dþY^ W ìek a Z_ifep_Y_ l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^.
ǿȁ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l Hkiak
Ceialȍ
Hkiae
■ :ǅao ilþc fĿǅheZdǅc ahǴiǴc `[ Hkiae Yǅb[c ZeXheZhk^Ę, Wb[ eX`[lelWj ê pWǘǅdW`ǅ _ eXYêZdǅY_ p[ pǴfWZdǅY^
p[cǅ, aj[hþc i[ dWiaþjǴ ej[lĿ[dþ W d[dWioY[dþ jh^.
■ FeZd[Xǅ HkiaW d[dǅ jWa hepcWd_jƽ `Wa Xo dWfelǅZWbW
`[ê eXheliaǴ hepbe^W. L pǴiWZƻ fĿ[lWôk`[ Y^bWZdƽ
aedj_d[djǴbdǅ ab_cW i l[baþc_ j[fbejdǅc_ hepZǅbo.
■ >bWldǅc cƻij[c `[ CeialW.
■ Cƻdek `[ hkXb, ĶaebW Wb[ Ġǘjk`[ l ;KH. Akhp Z[l_pW fheZ[` ǓIE8 a ǿ.Ǽ.ǽǻǼǻ Xob ǽȁ,ȃǿ Aǘ / Ǽ ;KH.
■ Fhe Y[ijk Ze Hkiaƽ \[Z[hWY[ ckiǅ cǅj eXǘWdƽ Ǔ[iaƽ
h[fkXb_ao lǅpkc W fel_ddƽ Y[ijeldǅ fe`_Ķjƻdǅ. I loĿǅp[dǅc lǅp _ Y[ijeldǅc fe`_Ķjƻdǅc lǴc XkZ[c[ Wi_ijelWj.
■ IjǴjdǅ ilǴjao0 Ǽ. Ǽ., ǽ. Ǽ., Ȃ. Ǽ., ǽǾ. ǽ., ȃ. Ǿ., Ǽ. Ȁ., Ȅ. Ȁ.,
Ǽǽ. ȁ., ǿ. ǼǼ.
>bWldǅ cƻije HkiaW bǴaW jkh_ijo
dW fWcǴjao `Wae `[ Ah[cb, HkZƽ
dǴcƻijǅ i Y^hǴc[c LWi_bW 8bWô[dƽê, cWkpeb[kc, Jh[Ĩ`WaeliaǴ
]Wb[h_[ W cdeê ZWbĶǅY^ fWcǴj[a.
@[ feb_j_Yaþc, êifeZǴĿiaþc W
akbjkhdǅc Y[djh[c p[cƻ i Wi_ ȁǻ
kd_l[hp_jWc_ W cdeôijlǅc Z_lWZ[b, ]Wb[h_ǅ W ckp[ǅ.
F[jhe^hȍZ
F[jhe^hWZ `[ epdWǘelǴd pW akbjkhdǅ Y[djhkc HkiaW. @[ feabWZ[c Y[beilƻjelƽ akbjkho Æ ckp[[c feZ
Ķ_hþc d[X[c fbdþc fWbǴYĘ, aeij[bĘ W hecWdj_YaþY^ leZdǅY^ aWdǴbĘ. Cƻije b[ôǅYǅ dW Ŀ[Y[ Dƻlƻ, `[
pdǴcƽ d[`[d ilek Xe^Wjek ^_ijeh_ǅ,
Wb[ jWaƽ ilþc_ kd_aǴjdǅc_ WhY^_j[ajed_Yaþc_ fWcǴjaWc_. F[jhe^hWZ
XþlǴ epdWǘelǴd `Wae Ù8[dǴjao
I[l[hkÈ.
B_Z[d Ș :[dp
Ceialȍ, F[jhe^hȍZ
D M
Ǽǽǻ / Ȅǻ
Ǽǻ / Ȁ
C_d_cȏbdǅ lƻa0
Ǽȁ b[j
ȃǻ% ;lhefW (Dƻc[Yae, ılþYWhiae, HWaekiae,
L[baǴ 8h_jǴd_[, ?jǴb_[)
ȁ% I[l[hdǅ 7c[h_aW
Ȁ% 7i_[
Ǽ% @_ôdǅ 7c[h_aW
ȃ% EijWjdǅ
Pȍijekf[dǅ ǓH0
Ǽ%
LoXȍl[dǅ Ķaebo0
ceZ[hdƻ loXWl[dƽ kǘ[Xdo, feǘǅjWǘelǴ kǘ[XdW i fĿǅijkf[c dW _dj[hd[j, aWlǴhdW, ijkZeldW,
ad_êldW
FĿ[Zdeij_ Ķaebo0
loieaǴ alWb_jW lþkao i lþXehdek felƻijǅ l pW^hWd_ǘǅ, Z[ij_dWY[, fĿǅfhWlW dW paekĶao JHA?.
:ƽbaȍ b[aY[0
Ȁǻ c_d.
ĖleZ
ıaebW XobW pWbeô[dW l heY[ ǼȄȄǾ W `[ `[Zdek p cǴbW Ķaeb pWXþlW`ǅYǅY^ i[ lþkaek hkĶj_do. @[ ǘb[d[c ?7B9 W `Wae `[Z_dǴ `WpoaelǴ ĶaebW l Hkiak `[ jWaƽ ǘb[d[c fh[ij_ôdǅ hkiaƽ WieY_WY[ fhe lþkak `WpoaW W b_j[hWjkho HEFHO7B. @[ e\_Y_Ǵbdǅc Y[djh[c fhe iabǴZǴdǅ c[p_dǴheZdƻ kpdǴlWdþY^
paekĶ[a JHA?.
Beaȍb_jȍ
Ceialȍ - ĶaebW i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ l XkZelƻ, aj[hǴ fWjĿǅ c_d_ij[hijlk pW^hWd_ǘǅ l Y[djhk cƻijW, l Xbǅpaeij_
ô[b[pd_ǘdǅ ijWd_Y[ 8[behkiiaWoW.
F[jhe^hȍZ - ĶaebW iǅZbǅ l XkZelƻ p ǼȄ. ijeb[jǅ l ^_ijeh_Yaƽc Y[djhk F[jhe^hWZk l Xbǅpaeij_ Dƻlia[ê fheif[ajk.
Akhpo
Akhp =[d[hȍb Hkii_ȍd `[ lêZdþ fhe ijkZ[djo lĶ[Y^ Ġheldǅ, akhp ?dj[di_l[ Hkii_ȍd i[ pǘȏij_
pȍcƻĿk`[ dȍ aedahƽjdǅ jƽcȍjȍ `ȍae `[ eXYêZdǅ hkĶj_dȍ, hkiaȏ cƽZ_ȍ, b_j[hȍjkhȍ ȍjZ. L dWXǅZY[
`[ jWaƽ akhp 7YȍZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h ȍ fĿǅfhȍldƽ akhpo dȍ paekĶao JHA?. B[aY[ Ed[ je ed[ klǅjW`ǅ
ijkZ[dj_, aj[Ŀǅ Y^jƻ`ǅ ZeiǴ^dekj Ye d[`hoY^b[`Ķǅê feaheak. KXojelǴdǅ `[ dWXǅp[de l êij_j[biaþY^ heZ_dǴY^ i febef[dpǅ, feZdǴ`c[Y^ d[Xe êj[b[Y^.
Akhpo hkĶj_do
:ƽbaȍ
=[d[hWb Hkii_Wd (ǽǻ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
?dj[di_l[ Hkii_Wd (ǽȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
JHA? (Ȁ Ed[ je ed[ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
Ed[ je ed[ (ǼȀ b[aYǅ / jþZ[d)
ǽ - Ȁǽ
jþZdĘ
7YWZ[c_Y I[c[ij[h (ǽǻ / jþZ[d)
ǽǿ jþZdĘ
KXojelȏdǅ
I^Wh[Z ÕWj, `[ZdebĘôaelþ feae`, X[p `ǅZbW
ǻ Æ Ȁ j. ȁ Æ ǺǺ j. Ǻǻ - Ǿǻ j.
ǽȂǻ
ǽǿǻ
ǽǽȀ
ǾǿȀ
ǾǼǻ
ǽȄǻ
ǽǾǻ
ȀȁȀ
ǼȂǾ
ǽ n cƻiǅǘdƻ
aWôZƽ fedZƻbǅ
ǽ n cƻiǅǘdƻ
Ceialȍ
F[jhe^hȍZ
ǽǽǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
ǼȄǻ
Dȏijkfdǅ j[hcǅdo
aWôZek d[Zƻb_
Pȏf_idƽ0 ;KH Ȅǻ, fefbȍj[a pȍ pȍ`_Ķjƻdǅ kXojelȏdǅ0 ;KH ǻ, kǘ[Xd_Y[0 ;KH ǻ, lopl[Zdkjǅ dȍ b[j_Ķj_0 ;KH ǻ (feakZ `[ kXojelǴdǅ pW`_Ķjƻde Ķaebek W feakZ `[ fĿǅ`[pZ l d[Zƻb_), `_dWa F[jhe^hWZ0 ;KH Ȁǻ / `[Zdk Y[ijk, CeialW0 ;KH ȁȀ / `[Zdk Y[ijk,
fefbȍjao pȍ paekĶao JHA?0 ;KH ǼȀǻ, i[pŘddǅ fĿǅfbȍjao0 lþkaW ijWdZWhjdǅ akhpo0 (=H, ?H)0 ;KH ȁǻ / jþZ[d, Ed[ je ed[0
;KH Ǽǽǻ / jþZ[d. Loieaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǽǿ. Ȁ. Æ ǽȁ. Ȅ. ǽǻǼǻ, dǅpaȏ i[pŘdȍ0 ǿ. Ǽ. Æ ǽǾ. Ȁ. ǽǻǼǻ, ǽȂ. Ȅ. Æ ǼȂ. Ǽǽ. ǽǻǼǻ.
ǿȂ
@ȍpoaelƽ akhpo l 7i__ - @ȍfediae, I_d]ȍfkh, Ǔǅdȍ
@ȍfediae
@Wfediae b[ôǅ dW iekeijhelǅ jleĿ[dƽc cde^W j_iǅY_ eijhelo. ǓjoĿ_ d[`lƻjĶǅ
ìek0 >edĶĠ, >eaaW_ZŘ, A`ĠĶĠ W ı_aeak. P[cƻ i[ iabǴZǴ p ȃ eÔY_ǴbdǅY^ h[]_edĘ0 >eaaW_ZŘ, Jeêak, AWdjŘ, ǓkXk, A_di_/AWdiW_, Ǔk]eak, ı_aeak W A`ĠĶĠ. ñ_`[ pZ[ Y[ba[c Ǽǽȃ c_b_ŘdĘ eXolWj[b. @Wfediaƽ ceĿ[ eZZƻbk`[ iekeijhelǅ eZ Wi_ìaƽê aedj_d[djk, aZ[ ìek d[`Xb_ôĶǅc_ p[cƻc_ Aeh[W, Hkiae
W ǓǅdW. Ab_cW `[ fhecƻdb_lƽ, l[ lƻjĶ_dƻ `WfediaþY^ cƻij Wb[ cĘô[c[ cbkl_j
e cǅhdƽc Wô ikXjhef_Yaƽc ab_cWjk. L eXbWij_ ]Wijhedec_[ dWXǅpǅ @Wfediae
ahecƻ pdǴcƽê ikĶ_, iWĶ_c_ W iWaƽ ZWbĶǅ eXheliaek ĶaǴbk feahcĘ W h[]_edǴbdǅY^ if[Y_Wb_j. B_d]l_ij_YaǴ pW`ǅcWleij - `WfedĶj_dW, `[`ǅô fiWdǴ \ehcW cǴ
jĿ_ feZeXo (aWdZôW, ^_hW]WdW W aWjWaWdW), i[ b_Ķǅ feZb[ jeê pZW `[ cbklǘǅc
ô[dW d[Xe ckô. ;n_ijk`[ cdeê ibel, aj[hƽ `Wae Xƻôdƽ lþhWpo fekôǅlW`ǅ `[d
fĿǅibkĶdǅY_ `[Zdeê fe^bWlǅ.
Jea_e
@[ ^bWldǅc cƻij[c W akbjkhdǅc Y[djh[c @WfediaW, pW^hdk`[ cWbǴ heijekYǅ
cƻijW, p d_Y^ô aWôZƽ `[ dƻǘǅc Y^WhWaj[h_ij_Yaƽ. DWb[pd[j[ jk ibWldek =_dpk
(jea_ìaek FǴjek 7l[dk[), ı_Xk`k (eXbWij, aZ[ i[ fheZǴlǴ cŘZW fhe cbWZƽ)
W >WhW`kak (cǅije fhe i[jaǴdǅ cŘZdǅY^ dǴlh^ǴĿĘ W ijob_ijĘ W Wbj[hdWj_ldǅ
akbjkho). JWaƽ i_ cĘô[j[ eZfeǘ_dekj l hepb_ǘdþY^ fWhYǅY^ W h[ijWkhWYǅY^,
aWlǴhdǴY^ W XWh[Y^ `Wfediaƽ c[jhefeb[. :ǅao jeck `[ jeje cǅije _Z[Ǵbdǅ
a fheô_jǅ d[pWfec[dkj[bdþY^ pǴô_jaĘ. L Jea_k aedjhWijk`[ [nej_YaǴ ceZ[hdeij ijhcþY^ XkZel i[ ĶWhc[c ijǴb[ `[Ķjƻ ô_lƽ ijWhƽ ZeXo. DW `_^k W i[l[hk
@WfediaW i_Y[ fWdk`ǅ [njhƽcdǅ j[fbejo, Wb[ jeje cƻije cǴ cǅhdƻ`Ķǅ ab_cW,
l p_cƻ i[ j[fbecƻh feôXk`[ c[p_ ǻ9 W Ǽǻ9 W l bƽjƻ `[ fhĘcƻhdǴ j[fbejW
Ǿǻ9.
Lǅpȍ
Fhe Y[ijk Ze @WfediaW pW Ġǘ[b[c jkh_ij_ao d[Xe ijkZ_`dǅê feXojk ahWjĶǅê
d[ô Ȅǻ ZdĘ d[dǅ fejĿ[XW lijkfdǅ lǅpkc. Fhe lijkf Ze @WfediaW ijWǘǅ fbWjdþ
Y[ijeldǅ fWi ǓH (fbWjdþ c_d_cǴbdƻ fĘb heak fe kaedǘ[dǅ Y[ijo) W pfǴj[ǘdǅ
b[j[daW. Fhe Y[ijo fĿ[iW^k`ǅYǅ Ȅǻ ZdĘ feXojk `[ fejĿ[XW feôǴZWj e lijkfdǅ
lǅpkc.
I_d]ȍfkh
I_d]WfkhiaǴ h[fkXb_aW `[ d[Y[bþY^ ǼǾǻ ac dWZ heldǅa[c l fĿǅpd_lƽc jhef_Yaƽc ab_cWjk dW d[``_ôdƻ`Ķǅc Yǅfk CWbWìaƽê febeeijhelW, aZ[ i[ ijþaǴ CWbWìaþ fhĘb_l W @_êǘǅdiaƽ ceĿ[. Aeicefeb_jdǅ eXolWj[bƽ, `_Y^ô `[ Wi_
Ȁ c_b_ŘdĘ, ô_`ǅ dW ^bWldǅc eijhelƻ. :WbĶǅY^ ȁǾ eaebdǅY^ cWbþY^ eijhelĘ `[
lƻjĶ_dek d[eXoZb[dþY^. I_d]Wfkh fWjĿǅ c[p_ d[`loifƻb[`Ķǅ ijǴjo ilƻjW, `[
ilƻjelþc ÔdWdǘdǅc, eXYêZdǅc W ZefhWldǅc Y[djh[c. @[ Zhk^þc d[`lƻjĶǅc fĿǅijWl[c ilƻjW W b[j_Ķjƻ 9^Wd]_ `[ ZefhWldǅc kpb[c c[p_ ;lhefek, 7i_ǅ W 7kijhǴb_ǅ. ĖĿ[Zdǅc_ `Wpoao ìek Wd]b_ǘj_dW, ǘǅdĶj_dW, cWbW`Ķj_dW
W jWc_bĶj_dW. L ^Whced__ jk c[p_ i[Xek ô_`ǅ lopdWlWǘ_ XkZZ^_ick, jWe_ick, _ibǴck, aĿ[iĨWdijlǅ W ^_dZk_ick. I_d]Wfkh `[ loifƻbǴ c[jhefeb[ `_êlþYêZdǅ 7i_[ i Wi_ Ǿ c_b_edo eXolWj[b W `[Zdǅc p d[`ceZ[hdƻ`ĶǅY^ b[j_ĶĨ
ǿȃ
dW ilƻjƻ. @[ je cƻije, aZ[ i[ Wi_ìaƽ jhWZ_Y[ cǅiǅ i ceZ[hdǅc_ j[Y^debe]_[c_, ceZ[hdǅ chWaeZhWfo l[Zb[ jhWZ_ǘdǅ WhY^_j[ajkho. E`[Z_dƻbǴ `[
_ ijhkajkhW cǅijdǅê eXolWj[bijlW h[if[ajk`ǅYǅê hĘpdƽ `Wpoao, akbjkho
W ploabeij_. ǓǅŦWdƽ jleĿǅ ȂȂ % eXolWj[bijlW, CWbW`Y_ Ǽǿ %, ?dZelƽ ȃ %
W pXoj[a eXolWj[bijlW `[ ZeibelW icƻi_Yǅ p Y[bƽê ilƻjW. Cƻije i[
ialƻb[ lofeĿǴZWbe i aehkfYǅ, ǘ_ijejek W Zhe]Wc_. :ǅao ijh_ajdǅc jh[ijĘc fWjĿǅ c[p_ d[`X[pf[ǘdƻ`Ķǅ p[cƻ dW ilƻjƻ. DW`Z[j[ jk dWfĿǅabWZ
ǘǅdiaek ǘjlhĨ, ckib_ciaþ Z_ijh_aj i c[Ķ_jWc_ d[Xe ÙCWbek ?dZ__È. @[Zdǅc i d[`lƻjĶǅY^ bǴaWZ[b `[ jWaƽ c[p_dǴheZdǅ akYôdƻ, aj[hǴ eZhǴôǅ
[jd_Yaek hepcWd_jeij aeckd_j l I_d]Wfkhk.
Lǅpȍ
Fhe feXojo Ze Ǿǻ ZdĘ cǴ ǓH i[ I_d]Wfkh[c X[plǅpelþ ijoa. Fhe Y[ijo
fĿ[iW^k`ǅYǅ Ǿǻ ZdĘ feXojk `[ fejĿ[XW feôǴZWj e lijkfdǅ lǅpkc.
Ǔǅdȍ
ǓǅdW `[ p[cǅ cde^W feZeX W dWY^Ǵpǅ i[ l[ lþYêZdǅ 7i__ fĿ_ pǴfWZdǅc
feXĿ[ôǅ J_Y^ƽê eY[Ǵdk. Hepbeêk `[ jĿ[jǅ d[`lƻjĶǅ ijǴj ilƻjW W pǴhel[Ŧ
jWaƽ d[ìjWhĶǅ. L Ǔǅdƻ ô_`[ Ǽ c_b_WhZW W Ǿǻǻ c_b_ŘdĘ eXolWj[b. >bWldǅc
cƻij[c `[ F[a_d] i Ǽǻ c_b_Řdo eXolWj[b. L beŦiaƽc heY[ i[ pZ[ aedWbo
ebocf_ìaƽ ^ho. L Ǔǅdƻ i[ cbklǅ lǅY[ `Wa ǼȀǻ hĘpdþc_ `Wpoao, Wb[ eÔY_Ǵbdǅc ijǴjdǅc `Wpoa[c `[ ǘǅdĶj_dW. Cdeê akbjkhdǅY^ fWcǴj[a lǘ[jdƻ L[baƽ ǘǅdiaƽ pZ_ `[ pWfiǴde dW i[pdWck KD;I9E.
ıȍd]^ȍ`
ıWd]^W` `[ i Ǽȁ c_b_Řdo eXolWj[b_ d[`lƻjĶǅc ǘǅdiaþc cƻij[c W pǴhel[Ŧ
`[ lþpdWcdƽ êifeZǴĿiaƽ Y[djhkc Ǔǅdo. HepabǴZǴ i[ fĿ_ Ġijǅ Ŀ[ao @Wd]Ĩ_Wd] Ze LþYêZeǘǅdiaƽê ceĿ[. DW hepZǅb eZ cde^W ǘǅdiaþY^ cƻij
pZ[ d[dW`Z[j[ cdeê ijĿ[ZelƻaþY^ fWcǴj[a. :ec_dWdjk cƻijW fĿǅce
l Y[djhk jleĿǅ jpl. 8kdZ Æ dǴXĿ[ôǅ b[celWdƽ lþĶaelþc_ XkZelWc_ XWda,
eXYêZdǅY^ ifeb[ǘdeijǅ W êj[bĘ p feǘǴjak ǽǻ. ijeb[jǅ. DW fhejƻ`Ķǅc XĿ[^k i[ lofǅdǴ ǿȁȃ c loieaǴ lƻô F[hbW Eh_[djk W fWdehWcW jƽje ceZ[hdǅ
ǘjlhj_ ZejlǴĿǅ chWaeZhWf ĥ_d CWe i ȃȃ feZbWôǅc_. K ıWd]^W`[ i[ dWY^Ǵpǅ
WkjeceX_belþ eahk^ fhe pǴleZo <ehckb[ Ǽ. L heY[ ǽǻǼǻ XkZ[ ıWd]^W`
êij_j ilƻjelek lþijWlk ;nfe.
Lǅpȍ
Fhe lijkf Ze Ǔǅdo `[ dkjdƽ cǅj lǅpkc. E lǅpkc i[ ôǴZǴ dW L[bloibWd[Yjlǅ
Ǔǅdiaƽ b_Zelƽ h[fkXb_ao l FhWp[. I loĿǅp[dǅc lǅp LǴc XkZ[c[ Wi_ijelWj.
FeZheXdƽ _d\ehcWY[ e ceôdeij[Y^ W Y[dǴY^ ijkZ_W `WfedĶj_do, cWdZWhǅdĶj_do, Wd]b_ǘj_do W ǘǅdĶj_do l @Wfediak, I_d]Wfkhk W Ǔǅdƻ LǴc hǴZ_
feiaojd[c[ l dWĶ_Y^ aWdY[bǴĿǅY^.
FH7>7
K^[bdþ jh^ Ȅ
ǼǼǻ ǻǻ FhW^W Ǽ
J[b.0 ǽǽǿ ǽǾǾ ǿǽȃ
<Wn0 ǽǽǿ ǽǿȂ Ǽǽȃ
CeX_b0 ȁǻǾ ǼȀǻ ǻȀǻ
;-cW_b0 fhW^W6ijkZob_d[.Yp
8HDE
F[hekjaelǴ Ȁ
ȁǻǽ ǻǻ 8hde
J[b.0 Ȁǿǽ ǽǼȀ Ȁǿǽ
<Wn0 Ȁǿǽ ǽǼȀ ȀǿǼ
CeX_b0 ȁǻǾ ȃȃǼ ǾǾȄ
;-cW_b0 Xhde6ijkZob_d[.Yp
FBP;Š
EBECEK9
B?8;H;9
HoY^jWĿǅaelW Ǽ
:eXheliaƽê ǽǿ
FhWôiaǴ Ȃ/Ȁ
Ǿǽȁ ǻǻ Fbp[Ŧ
ȂȂǽ ǻǻ EbecekY
ǿȁǻ ǻǼ B_X[h[Y Ǽ
J[b.0 ǾȂǿ Ȃǽǽ ȀȄȂ
J[b.0 ȀȃȀ ǽǾȀ ǿȂǿ
J[b.0 ǿȃǻ ǻǻǽ ǾǿȀ
<Wn0 ǾȂȂ ǿȁǿ ǽǽǾ
<Wn0 ȀȃȀ ǽǾȀ ǿȂǿ
<Wn0 ǿȃȀ ǼǼǾ ǾǿȂ
CeX_b0 ȂǾȂ ȃǿȃ ǼȀǼ
CeX_b0 ȂȂȂ Ȃȃǿ Ǿǻǻ
CeX_b0 ȁǻǾ Ȁǽǻ ǻǻǽ
;-cW_b0 fbp[d6ijkZob_d[.Yp ;-cW_b0 b_X[h[Y6ijkZob_d[.Yp ;-cW_b0 ebecekY6ijkZob_d[.Yp
mmm.ijkZob_d[.Yp
mmm.ȍkijhȍb_[-ijkZ_kc.Yp

Katalog jazykove kurzy v zahranici

Transkript

Podobné dokumenty

Jazykové kurzy v zahraničí

Katalóg profi CZ - Upratovací servis Grant

Prosinec - Stavební bytové družstvo Havířov