äLYRW QD VtGOLãWL NXOWXU\ V lineární

Transkript

ýHVNiYHU]HWH[WXþiVWNDSLWRO\
,YDQ3DYO$
äLYRWQDVtGOLãWLNXOWXU\V lineární
keramikou v Bylanech u Kutné Hory
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DDUWHIDNW$
Poděkování
Tato práce vyšla s podporou grantu GAČR 404/09/0623 (Archeologické kontexty. Prostorová
analýza artefaktů na neolitickém sídlišti).
Život na neolitické sídlišti
Ivan Pavlů
Vydal Archeologický ústav AV ČR, Praha, v. v. i.,
Letenská 4, 11801 Praha 1
Redakce neperiodických tisků: Petr Meduna
Obálka: Petr Meduna s použitím původních podkladů
Jaroslavy Janíčkové
Reprint české i anglické verze podle
knižního vydání anglické verze
Tisk: IRES Písek 2000
Produkce CD nosiče: HEWER, s.r.o, Na Poříčí 1048/30, 110 00 Praha
© Ivan Pavlů 2000, 2009
ISBN 978-80-87365-22-9
Objednávky:
Archeologický ústav AV ČR, Praha, v.v.i.
Letenská 4, 118 01 Praha 1, Česká republika
fax: +420 257 532 288
[email protected]
Orders – Bestellungen:
Oxbow Books, Park End Place, Oxford OX1 1HN, United Kingdom,
[email protected]
Beier&Beran – Archäologische Fachliteratur, Thomas-Müntzer-Str. 103, D-08134
Langenweissbach, Germany, [email protected]
Kubon&Sagner, Buchexport-Import, P. O. Box 341018, D-80328 Munich, Germany,
[email protected]
Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Am Buchenhang 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, [email protected]
RETROSPEKTIVNÍ ÚVOD ..................................................................................................................8
Seznam základních publikací...............................................................................................................12
1. ŠTÍPANÁ INDUSTRIE ....................................................................................................................16
1.0. ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................16
1.0.1. Neolitická štípaná industrie.......................................................................................................16
1.0.2. Neolitická štípaná industrie z Bylan ..........................................................................................16
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH .............................................................................................17
1.1. FORMÁLNÍ KLASIFIKACE ŠI: JÁDRA, Òâ73<, ý(3(/( .......................................................................17
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUXþHSHOtGpONDDãtND................................................................17
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUX~ãWS$GpONDDãtND...............................................................18
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWtþHSHOtD~ãWS$KPRWQRVWGpOND........................................18
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWLRGãWSN$DMDGHUKPRWQRVWGpOND .....................................19
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHþHSHOt........................................................................................................19
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFH~ãWS$.......................................................................................................19
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDIRUPiOQtFKWtG ................................................................................20
1.2. E.2120,.$9<8äË9È1Ë68529,1$9é52%<â7Ë3$1é&+1È6752-#. V=7$+.3Ë52'1Ë08
35267('Ë: ADAPTABILITA SUROVIN A ZÁKLADNÍCH FOREM ...................................................................20
$GDSWDFHYêURE\DSRXåtYiQt]iNODGQtIRUP\ .........................................................................20
1.2.2. Suroviny a jejich zpracování .....................................................................................................22
3RþW\YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt ............................................................22
1.2.4. Základní formy ve fázích 8 - 11 .................................................................................................22
1.2.5. Základní formy v komplexech fází 8 - 11 ...................................................................................23
1.3. I1)250$7,91Ë2%6$+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,ËŠI .............................................................................23
1.3.1. Genotypy v prostoru sídelních fází 8 - 11 ..................................................................................23
)HQRW\S\YSURVWRUXVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$.................................................................................24
1.3.3. Kvalita štípané industrie v jednotlivých domech .......................................................................24
1.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,ËŠI 96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( ............25
'HVpQSUDFRYQtKRRVWt~KHORVWt ...........................................................................................25
3UDFRYQtVWRS\ROHãWQt ...........................................................................................................26
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH ....................................................................................................................26
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtG ..................................................................................27
1.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,.203/(;8. STABILITA
$9$5,$%,/,7$(.2120,&.é&+ý,11267Ë ...............................................................................................27
1.5.1. Ekonomie získávání surovin ......................................................................................................27
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRPHFK...................................................................................................28
)XQNFHQiVWURM$URGDYNRE\YDWHOGRP$ ................................................................................29
1.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+ŠI Z HLEDISKA KONTINUITY
$',6.217,18,7<97(&+1,.È&+$=$%(=3(ý(1Ë2%ä,9<95È0&,)È=($0(=,1,0, ...........................29
)XQNþQtWtG\YSURVWRUXIi]t .....................................................................................................29
)XQNþQtWtG\YSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$............................................................................................30
1.7. S7</7(&+12/2*,(â7Ë3$1e,1'8675,(9.217(;78,'(-Ë$3('67$9 .........................................31
6PUDVtOD~GHUX .......................................................................................................................31
1.7.2. Styl retuše ..................................................................................................................................32
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHþHSHOt ......................................................................................................32
1.7.4. Chronologická variabilita stylistické klasifikace.......................................................................32
1.8. SYMBOLICKÁ HODNOTA ŠTÍPANÉ INDUSTRIE
$3Ë%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<92'/,â1e067</,67,&.e0352-(98 ....................................33
3URWRW\S\þHSHOtD~ãWS$...........................................................................................................33
1.8.2. Prototypy štípané industrie ve fázích a v komplexech ...............................................................33
1.8.3. Vrtáky a šipky ............................................................................................................................34
1.9. V<79È(1Ë$8&+29È9È1Ë.8/7851Ë75$',&(ŠI .........................................................................34
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\þHSHOtYSURVWRUXIi]t........................................................................................34
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\þHSHOtYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$ ..............................................................................35
1.9.3. Informace a komunikace z pohledu ŠI .......................................................................................35
2. BROUŠENÁ INDUSTRIE................................................................................................................37
2.0. ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................37
2.0.1. Studium broušené industrie (BI)................................................................................................37
2.0.2. Zpracování broušené industrie z Bylan .....................................................................................37
1
ÒYRGGRVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\%, ......................................................................................................37
2.1. ZÈ./$'1Ë)81.ý1Ë./$6,),.$&(BI: TESLY A SEKERY ...................................................................38
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUXGpONDDãtND ..........................................................................38
2.1.2. Základní charakteristika velikosti (hmotnost) ...........................................................................38
2.1.3. Formální klasifikace ..................................................................................................................39
2.2. E.2120,.$=Ë6.È9È1Ë68529,1$9é52%<%528â(1é&+1È6752-#. V=7$+.3Ë52'1Ë08
35267('Ë: $'$37$%,/,7$1È6752-# .....................................................................................................39
$GDSWDFHYêURE\DSRXåtYiQt]iNODGQtIRUP\ .........................................................................39
2.2.2. Suroviny a jejich zpracování .....................................................................................................40
3RþW\YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt ............................................................40
2.3. I1)250$7,91Ë2%6$+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë%528â(1é&+1È6752-#.
O5*$1,=$&(9é52%<$8äË9È1Ë: INDIVIDUÁLNÍ VARIABILITA...............................................................41
2.3.1. Genotypy v prostoru sídelních fází ............................................................................................41
)HQRW\S\YSURVWRUXVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$.................................................................................41
2.3.3. Kvalita industrie v jednotlivých domech....................................................................................41
2.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&(.
TAFONOMIE BROUŠENÉ INDUSTRIE...........................................................................................................42
'HVpQSUDFRYQtKRRVWt~KHOJDPD .........................................................................................42
2.4.2. Pracovní stopy (tesly a sekery) ..................................................................................................43
2.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,.203/(;832'/(%528â(1é&+1È6752-#. STABILITA A
9$5,$%,/,7$(.2120,&.é&+ý,11267Ë ..................................................................................................44
2.5.1. Podíl tesel a seker ve fázích.......................................................................................................44
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRPHFK...................................................................................................44
3RþW\QiVWURM$DRE\YDWHOGRP$ ................................................................................................44
2.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+BI =+/(',6.$.217,18,7<$',6.217,18,7<%528â(1é&+1È6752-#.........45
2.7. K217(;7,'(-Ë$3('67$9. STYL TECHNOLOGIE BROUŠENÉ INDUSTRIE .........................................46
6\PHWULHYS$GRU\VX~KHORPHJD ............................................................................................46
2.7.2. Symetrie v bokorysu...................................................................................................................46
6\PHWULHYQiU\VXSU$H].........................................................................................................47
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$...................................................................................47
2.7.5. Stylistická klasifikace seker .......................................................................................................47
2.7.6. Chronologická variabilita stylistické klasifikace.......................................................................48
2.8. PË%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<92'/,â1e0352-(9867</8%528â(1é&+1È6752-# .....48
2.8.1. Prototypy KK a PKS v komplexech ...........................................................................................48
2.8.2. Vrtané nepracovní tvary ............................................................................................................49
2.9. V<79È(1Ë$8&+29È9È1Ë.8/7851Ë75$',&(%528â(1é&+1È6752-# .....................................49
6W\ORYpWtG\NOtQ$YSURVWRUXIi]tDNRPSOH[$...........................................................................49
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\VHNHUHNYSURVWRUXIi]tDNRPSOH[$ ..................................................................50
,QIRUPDFHDNRPXQLNDFH]SRKOHGXEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$..........................................................50
3. DVOUDÍLNÉ MLÝNY.....................................................................................................................51
3.0. ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................51
3.0.1. Neolitické mlýny ........................................................................................................................51
3.0.2. Neolitické mlýny z Bylan............................................................................................................52
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DQHROLWLFNêFKPOêQ$..........................................................................................52
3.1. ZÈ./$'1Ë)81.ý1Ë./$6,),.$&(0/é1#: HORNÍ A DOLNÍ KAMENY ...............................................53
0HWULNDGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$ .......................................................................................................53
0HWULNDGROQtFKNDPHQ$ ............................................................................................................53
0HWULNDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$............................................................................................................54
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$...................................................................................54
3.2. E.2120,.$=Ë6.È9È1Ë68529,1$9é52%<0/é1# .......................................................................56
3.2.1. Mlýny jako odpad ve stavebních komplexech ............................................................................56
/RNiOQtD]RQiOQtVXURYLQ\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$..............................................................................56
3RGtOPOêQ$YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt..................................................57
2
3.3. O5*$1,=$&(9é52%<0/é1#$-(-,&+8äË9È1Ë ..............................................................................57
3.3.1. Formální typy v prostoru fází jako genotypy .............................................................................57
3.3.2. Formální typy v komplexech fází 19 - 22 jako fenotypy ............................................................57
.YDOLWDPOêQ$YMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKDIi]tFK...........................................................................57
3.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë0/é1#96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( ....58
3.4.1. Desén pracovní plochy ..............................................................................................................58
2SRWHEHQtSUDFRYQtSORFK\ ......................................................................................................59
3.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,.203/(;8 ...................................................................................60
(NRQRPLND]tVNiYiQtDXSRWHEHQtVXURYLQ ...............................................................................60
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRP ......................................................................................................61
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDPOêQ$MDNRLQGH[YNXRE\YDWHOHNGRPX .......................................................62
3.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+=+/(',6.$.217,18,7<$',6.217,18,7<
97(&+1,.È&+=$%(=3(ý(1Ë2%ä,9< ......................................................................................................62
3.7. S7</7(&+12/2*,(9é52%<'928'Ë/1é&+0/é1#9.217(;78,'(-Ë$3('67$9 .....................63
6\PHWULHGROQtFKDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$ ..........................................................................................63
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHGROQtFKNDPHQ$ ......................................................................................64
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHKRUQtFKNDPHQ$ ......................................................................................64
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDVW\OLVWLFNêFKWtG ..............................................................................65
3.8. PË%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<92'/,â1e067</,67,&.e0352-(980/é1# ...................65
3URWRW\S\POêQ$.........................................................................................................................65
3.8.2. Prototypy ve fázích a komplexech..............................................................................................66
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDPOêQ$MDNRV\PEROåLYRWD ..............................................................................66
3.9. H,6725,&.é2%6$+'928'Ë/1é&+0/é1#3529<79È(1Ë
A UCHOVÁVÁNÍ KULTURNÍ TRADICE .........................................................................................................67
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\YHIi]tFK ...........................................................................................................67
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\YNRPSOH[HFK ....................................................................................................67
,QIRUPDþQtKRGQRWDPOêQ$.........................................................................................................67
4. NÁDOBY JAKO NÁSTROJE .........................................................................................................68
4.0. ZÁKLADY TVAROSLOVÍ LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKY ...................................................................................68
.ODVLILNDFHWYDU$........................................................................................................................68
4.0.2. Tvarosloví lineární keramiky z Bylan ........................................................................................68
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DWYDU$ ...............................................................................................................69
4.1. ZÈ./$'1Ë./$6,),.$&(79$5# ........................................................................................................69
4.1.1. Tvary nejstarší keramiky............................................................................................................69
&KDUDNWHULVWLFNpERG\WYDU$ ......................................................................................................69
4.1.3. Popisný systém nádob................................................................................................................70
1iGRE\YNXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX......................................................................................70
$QDWRPLH]iNODGQtFKWYDU$ ........................................................................................................71
3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFK]iNODGQtFKWYDU$ ..........................................................................................71
6tODVWQ\QiGRE.........................................................................................................................72
9êãNDDãtNDQiGRE...................................................................................................................73
4.2. ARCHEOLOGICKÝ A SYSTÉMOVÝ KONTEXT VÝROBY KERAMIKY .......................................................73
4.2.1. Proporce nádob jako kognitivní znak ........................................................................................73
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKWYDU$......................................................................................................74
4.2.3. Adaptabilita tvarového spektra..................................................................................................74
4.2.4. Základní tvary v sídlištním odpadu............................................................................................74
4.2.5. Odpad ve stavebních komplexech ..............................................................................................75
4.2.6. Ikonografie ve tvarech nádob ....................................................................................................75
4.3. INFORMATIVNÍ OBSAH ZÁKLADNÍCH KATEGORIÍ TVARU NÁDOB .......................................................76
4.3.1. Variabilita mezi fázemi: fenotypy a genotypy............................................................................76
*HQRW\S\D~ORKDNRPSOH[$SLYêURENHUDPLN\ .....................................................................77
4.3.3. Fenotypická variabilita mezi komplexy .....................................................................................77
.RHILFLHQW]UXþQRVWL ...................................................................................................................77
*HQRW\S\YHYêYRMLFHOpKRVtGOLãW .............................................................................................78
)HQRW\S\V\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[$..............................................................................................78
3
4.3.7. Výrobní okruhy ..........................................................................................................................79
4.3.8. Výrobní kontinuita .....................................................................................................................79
4.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë1È'2%96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( ....80
4.4.1. Sklon okraje ...............................................................................................................................80
3U$PU~VWt ................................................................................................................................81
4.4.3. Objem nádob..............................................................................................................................82
3XSN\XFKDYêþQON\................................................................................................................83
4.4.5. Podstavy nádob..........................................................................................................................83
3RGVWDY\DQRåN\ .......................................................................................................................84
0DWHULiODRVWLYR ......................................................................................................................84
4.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,.203/(;8 ...................................................................................85
(WQRJUDILFN\RYRYDQpNODVLILNDFH ...........................................................................................85
%H]SHþQRVWDGRVWXSQRVWREVDKXIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH6+$6, ..................................................86
4.5.3. Kapacita nádob (alternativní klasifikace SHAVO)....................................................................86
9HOLNRVWDWYDUQiGREMDNRLQGH[þLQQRVWtYGRP .....................................................................87
.RHILFLHQWSHQRVLWHOQRVWL ..........................................................................................................89
4.5.6. Stabilita......................................................................................................................................89
äLYRWQRVW ....................................................................................................................................90
4.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+)81.ý1Ë./$6,),.$&(=+/(',6.$.217,18,7<
$',6.217,18,7<1È'2%3,=$%(=3(ý29È1Ë2%ä,9< ...........................................................................91
4.6.1. Kontinuita funkcí nádob mezi fázemi.........................................................................................91
4.6.2. Variabilita funkcí nádob mezi komplexy....................................................................................91
5R]ORåHQtIXQNþQtFKVDGYV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[HFK................................................................92
6SROHþHQVNiLQWHUDNFHPH]LNRPSOH[\DIi]HPL.........................................................................93
4.7. K217(;7,'(-Ë$3('67$9 ..............................................................................................................93
4.7.1. Kognitivní význam proporcí nádob ...........................................................................................93
4.7.2. Úprava okraje............................................................................................................................94
.RPSR]LFHVNXWHþQpDV\PEROLFNpQDYD]RYiQtQiGRE..............................................................94
4.7.4. Kvalita technologického zpracování a úprava povrchu nádob .................................................95
4.8. S32/(ý(16.e6.83,1<92'/,â1e067</,67,&.e0352-(98 ..........................................................96
3URWRW\S\MDNRV\PEROSUHVWLåQtKRSRVWDYHQtRE\YDWHOGRPX ....................................................96
'RP\VSHYDKRXV\PEROLFN\QDYi]DQêFKQiGRE......................................................................97
4.9. V<79È(1Ë$8&+29È9È1Ë.8/7851Ë75$',&( ..............................................................................97
3URWRW\S\YSURFHVXYêPQ\LQIRUPDFt......................................................................................97
.RPSR]LFHMDNR]SUiYDRGSHGFK$GF$ .....................................................................................98
4.9.3. Tradice technologického stylu neolitických nádob....................................................................99
*HRPHWULHQHROLWLFNêFKWYDU$DGORXKRGREiNXOWXUQtWUDGLFH..................................................100
5. VÝZDOBA KERAMIKY ...............................................................................................................101
5.0. ÚVOD ..............................................................................................................................................101
5.0.1. Studium lineárního ornamentu ................................................................................................101
5.0.2. Výzdoba lineární keramiky v Bylanech....................................................................................102
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX...................................................................................102
5.1. ZÁKLADNÍ KLASIFIKACE ZDOBENÍ ...................................................................................................103
5.1.1. Výzdoba nejstarší keramiky .....................................................................................................103
5.1.2. Technická výzdoba...................................................................................................................103
5.1.3. Rytá lineární výzdoba ..............................................................................................................104
5.1.4. Reliéfní plastická výzdoba .......................................................................................................104
.HUDPLNDVþHUYHQêPQiWUHP.................................................................................................104
5.1.6. Malovaná lineární keramika....................................................................................................105
5.1.7. Jiné druhy výzdoby ..................................................................................................................105
5.1.8. Nezdobená keramika................................................................................................................105
=GREHQtMHPQpKRDKUXEpKR]ERåt ...........................................................................................106
6WDELOLWD]GREHQtEKHPYêYRMHOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\ ................................................................106
5.2. ARCHEOLOGICKÝ A SYSTÉMOVÝ KONTEXT ZDOBENÍ KERAMIKY ....................................................107
5R]ORåHQtYê]GRE\YVtGHOQtPRGSDGX......................................................................................107
=iNODGQtNDWHJRULH]GREHQtYSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFKMDP ..............................107
.RPSRQHQW\OLQHiUQtYê]GRE\YSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFKMDP ..........................108
3L]S$VREHQtYê]GRE\SRGPtQNiPVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$................................................................109
5.2.5. Výzdoba keramiky v kontextu zdobenosti v neolitu..................................................................109
4
5.3. INFORMATIVNÍ OBSAH FORMÁLNÍCH KATEGORIÍ ............................................................................110
5.3.1. Genotypy výzdoby mezi fázemi ................................................................................................110
2EWtåQRVWYê]GRE\ ....................................................................................................................110
2EWtåQRVW]GREHQtYV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[HFK .......................................................................110
5.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë9é='2%<96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( .................111
5.4.1. Desén lineární keramiky ..........................................................................................................111
3RþHWOLQHNQXPHULFLW\...........................................................................................................111
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDSRþHWQRVWLOLQHN .............................................................................112
5.4.4. Tvar linek (linearity)................................................................................................................112
5.4.5. Chronologická variabilita tvaru linek .....................................................................................113
3RþHWOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPUiPXMtFtFKYê]GREX ..........................................................................113
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDSRþWXOLQHNSRGRNUDMHP................................................................114
5.5. I'(17,),.$&(632/(ý(16.é&+6.83,195È0&,.203/(;#32'/(9é='2%< .............................114
5.5.1. Numericita a linearita v prostoru fází .....................................................................................114
1XPHULFLWDDOLQHDULWDYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$Ii]H ..........................................................114
1XPHULFLWDDOLQHDULWDYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$Ii]H ........................................................115
1XPHULFLWDDOLQHDULWDYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$Ii]H ......................................................115
=PQ\VSROHþHQVNpKRYQtPiQtOLQHiUQtKRGHVpQX...................................................................115
5.5.6. Znaková hodnota tvaru lineárního desénu ..............................................................................116
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDSRþWXOLQHNSRGRNUDMHP..............................................................................116
5.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+9é='2%<=+/(',6.$.217,18,7<$',6.217,18,7<,17(5$.&(
632/(ý(16.é&+6.83,1 ........................................................................................................................117
/LQN\SRGRNUDMHPYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$GRP$........................................................................117
.RQWLQXLWDGRSONRYpKRRUQDPHQWX ........................................................................................117
.RQWLQXLWD]iNODGQtFKPRWLY$ ..................................................................................................118
5.6.4. Keramická sociologie ..............................................................................................................118
5.7. K217(;7,'(-Ë$3('67$9 ............................................................................................................120
5.7.1. Styl rytí lineárního ornamentu.................................................................................................120
5.7.2. Chronologická variabilita stylu rytí ........................................................................................120
6W\OQRWRYêFKG$ON$ ..................................................................................................................120
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDQRWRYêFKG$ON$ ..............................................................................121
5.8. PË%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<9 ODLIŠNÉM
67</,67,&.e0352-(989é='2%1é&+67</# .......................................................................................121
.RPSOH[\QHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OU\Wt ...........................................................................121
.RPSOH[\VWHGQtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OLVWLFNpWHFKQLN\............................................................122
.RPSOH[\PODGãtKRDSR]GQtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OLVWLFNpWHFKQLN\..........................................123
5.9. V<79È(1Ë$8&+29È9È1Ë.8/7851Ë75$',&(9 RÁMCI LINEÁRNÍ VÝZDOBY .............................124
5.9.1. Kompozice lineárního ornamentu............................................................................................124
5.9.2. Kulturní tradice v lineární kompozici......................................................................................124
6. DOMY KULTURY S LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU.......................................................................126
6.0. ÚVOD ..............................................................................................................................................126
6.0.1. Neolitická architektura v mírném evropském pásmu...............................................................126
6.0.2. Neolitická architektura v Bylanech .........................................................................................127
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\..................................................................................127
6.1. ZÁKLADNÍ KLASIFIKACE: MALÉ, 67('1Ë, VELKÉ DOMY ................................................................128
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDS$GRU\VXGpONDDãtND..................................................................128
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWLS$GRU\VXLQGH[DGpONDVWHGQtþiVWLGRPX ....................129
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHGRP$ ......................................................................................................129
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDS$GRU\V$........................................................................................130
6.2. E.2120,.$67$9%<'20# ............................................................................................................130
6.2.1. Adaptace stavby a modelové domy ..........................................................................................130
6.2.2. Stavební materiál a jeho objem ...............................................................................................132
9QLWQtNRQVWUXNFHYHIi]tFK.....................................................................................................133
.RQVWUXNFHVWQYHIi]tFK.........................................................................................................134
.RQVWUXNFHGRP$YHIi]tFKDMHMLFKVWDWLND..............................................................................134
2GKDGVSRWHE\PDWHULiOXQDFHORXNRQVWUXNFL.......................................................................135
6.3. INFORMATIVNÍ OBSAH FORMÁLNÍCH KATEGORIÍ .............................................................................135
6NyUHSUDFQRVWLMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$..........................................................................................135
-iGURS$GRU\VX ........................................................................................................................136
5
*HQRW\S\DIHQRW\S\S$GRU\V$YSURVWRUXVtGHOQtFKIi]t.........................................................137
6.4. K/$6,),.$&(=È./$'1Ë&+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë96<67e082%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( ..............138
)XQNþQtþOHQQtVWDYE\ ............................................................................................................138
6HYHUQtþiVW..............................................................................................................................139
6WHGQtþiVW ..............................................................................................................................139
-LåQtþiVW ..................................................................................................................................139
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH ..................................................................................................................140
9DULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtG ........................................................................................................140
6.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,'208$)È=Ë ..............................................................................141
6.5.1. Ekonomická výkonnost stavby .................................................................................................141
,QWHUSUHWDFHþLQQRVWtYMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWHFKGRP$..................................................................141
ÒORKDþiVWtSRGOHURGXDYNX .................................................................................................143
6.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+=+/(',6.$.217,18,7<$',6.217,18,7<9=$%(=3(ý(1Ë2%<'/Ë .............144
)XQNþQtWtG\YSURVWRUXIi]t ...................................................................................................144
6.6.2. Výkonnost staveb v prostoru fází .............................................................................................144
6.7. K217(;7,'(-Ë$3('67$9 ............................................................................................................145
2ULHQWDFHGRP$ .......................................................................................................................145
6W\ONRQVWUXNFHMLåQtKRþHODGRPX............................................................................................146
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHGRP$.....................................................................................................147
6.7.4. Chronologická variabilita stylistické klasifikace.....................................................................147
6.8. PË%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<92'/,â1e067</,67,&.e0352-(98 ..............................148
3URWRW\S\GRP$........................................................................................................................148
3URWRW\S\GRP$YHIi]tFK.........................................................................................................148
6.9. I1)250$ý1Ë9é=1$01(2/,7,&.e$5&+,7(.785<3529<79È(1Ë
A UCHOVÁVÁNÍ KULTURNÍ TRADICE .......................................................................................................149
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\GRP$YSURVWRUXIi]t ......................................................................................149
6.9.2. Informace a komunikace v dosahu neolitické architektury......................................................149
6.9.3. Kulturní tradice neolitického domu .........................................................................................150
7. SÍDELNÍ AREÁL KULTURY S LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU....................................................152
7.0. ÚVOD ..............................................................................................................................................152
3RMHPVtGOLãWYDUFKHRORJLL.....................................................................................................152
1HROLWLFNiVtGOLãWDDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULH................................................................................153
6RXþDVQpSRMHWtDVLWXDþQtDQDOê]D ..........................................................................................153
7.1. ZÈ./$'1Ë)81.ý1Ë./$6,),.$&(: OBYTNÉ STAVBY A JEJICH OKOLÍ .............................................154
9HOLNRVWDWYDUVtGOLãWSRGOHY]GiOHQRVWLQHMEOLåãtKRVRXVHGQtKRGRPX..................................154
ýDVRYiG\QDPLNDVHVNXSHQtQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$ ...................................................................155
7.2. E.2120,.$=È67$9%<6Ë'(/1Ë+2$5(È/89(9=7$+8.3Ë52'1Ë0835267('Ë .....................157
6HVNXSHQtVRXþDVQêFKGRP$ ....................................................................................................157
7.2.2. Prostor mimo domy .................................................................................................................158
7.3. I1)250$7,91Ë2%6$+)81.ý1Ë&+.$7(*25,Ë'20# .....................................................................159
-HGQRWOLYpGRP\MHMLFKYêYRMDSHVWDYE\ ...............................................................................159
6KOXN\GRP$MHMLFKYêYRMJHQHUDþQtVSRMH .............................................................................159
7.4. K/$6,),.$&()81.ý1Ë&+$5(È/#96<67e086Ë'/(1Ë
=$'$1e+2=3#62%82%ä,9<$'/%<35È&( .......................................................................................160
)XQNþQt]QDN\ ..........................................................................................................................160
)XQNþQtYDULDELOLWD ..................................................................................................................161
7.5. I'(17,),.$&(ý,11267Ë95È0&,.203/(;#$)È=Ë .....................................................................161
7.5.1. Ekonomická úloha jednotlivého domu a sídelních komponent ................................................161
,QGH[þLQQRVWt...........................................................................................................................162
'HPRJUDILHVtGOLãW..................................................................................................................163
7.6. I1)250$ý1Ë2%6$+6Ë'/(1Ë=+/(',6.$=$%(=3(ý(1Ë2%ä,9< ...................................................164
6SROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNiVWUXNWXUDXYQLWIi]t ........................................................................164
6SROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNiVWUXNWXUDPH]LIi]HPL......................................................................165
7.7. SË'(/1Ë67</91(2/,789.217(;78,'(-Ë$3('67$9 ...............................................................167
7.7.1. Symbolické znaky .....................................................................................................................167
7.7.2. Symbolická variabilita a historická dynamika sídelního areálu..............................................167
7.8. PË%8=(16.e1(%235$&291Ë6.83,1<92'/,â1e067</,67,&.e0352-(986Ë'/(1Ë .................168
9êPQDLQIRUPDFtXYQLWIi]t...................................................................................................168
9êPQDLQIRUPDFtPH]LIi]HPL ................................................................................................168
6
7.9. H,6725,&.ÈÒ/2+$1(2/,7,&.é&+2%<'/Ë$-(-,&+6(6.83(1Ë9.8/7851Ë.5$-,1352
9<79È(1Ë$8&+29È9È1Ë.8/7851Ë75$',&( ...................................................................................169
9êYRMVtGOLãWYNRQWH[WXUHJLRQX .............................................................................................169
9êYRMVtGOLãWYNRQWH[WXNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX ............................................................170
ä,9271$1(2/,7,&.e06Ë'/,â7,.......................................................................................171
8.1. S97/,'Ë$697$57()$.7#(6,78$ý1Ë$1$/é=$) ......................................................................171
8.2. S758ý1È+,6725,(6Ë'/,â79BYLANECH (CHRONOLOGIE)...........................................................174
8.3. LIDÉ A JEJICH OBYDLÍ ('20<$6Ë'/,â7).......................................................................................179
8.4. K$0(11e1È6752-(08ä#$ä(1(ŠTÍPANÁ A BROUŠENÁ INDUSTRIE, 58ý1Ë0/é1<)..................186
8.5. RODY, RODINY A SOUSEDÉ (KERAMICKÉ NÁDOBY A JEJICH VÝZDOBA)...........................................192
8.6. ODKAZ KULTURY S LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU......................................................................................196
7
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9
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Yê]GRE\PRKOEêWSR]GMLDQDO\]RYiQYWãtSRþHWREVDåQMãtFKNDWHJRULtDWRQD
Y\ããtLQIRUPDþQtURYLQ-LåYSUYQtPQHSXEOLNRYDQpPUXNRSLVXBYAI) byly
SRGUREQpSRSLVQpSUYN\VORXþHQ\GRQNROLNDFKURQRORJLFN\Yê]QDPQêFKSUYN$
NWHUpMVRXSURRGOLãHQtR]QDþRYiQ\HFNêPLStVPHQ\7HQWRFKURQRORJLFN\
RKRGQRFHQêUR]NODGSRSLVQêFKSUYN$SURãHOGYPDSRGVWDWQêPL~SUDYDPLYREODVWL
notové výzdoby (BYTH: 320-321). První byl podkladem pro chronologickou
SRVORXSQRVWE\ODQVNêFKGRP$NWHUiMHR]QDþHQDMDNR&+521BYTH: 318), druhý
E\OSRXåLWSURSRGUREQMãtSRVORXSQRVWR]QDþHQRX&+521BYTH: 407).
&KURQRORJLHE\ODYODVWQUR]YHGHQtP]SHVQQpDQDOê]\]SUYQtKR
nepublikovaného dílu (BYAI) na všechny domy odkryté v areálu BY1.
7YRUEDGDW]DORåHQêFKQDE\ODQVNêFKDUWHIDNWHFKVLY\åiGDODWpPGYRXGHVHWLOHWt
SUiFHNG\E\OD]SUDFRYiQDWHUpQQtGRNXPHQWDFHDY\KRWRYHQSRSLVYtFHQHåMHGQRKR
VWDWLVtF$DUWHIDNWXiOQtFKMHGQRWHN9]KOHGHPNWRPXåHYNDWDOR]tFKBYA1, BYA2,
BYBF) jsou vyobrazeny všechny zdobené zlomky keramiky, diagnostické profily,
broušená (BI) a štípaná industrie (ŠI), nebylo nutno opakovat kresebnou dokumentaci
]QRYXYWpWRSUiFL=GDWRYpKRVRXERUXNDWDORJ$SRFKi]tWDNpYWãLQDLQIRUPDFtY
SHGNOiGDQpDQDOê]H'iOHE\OD]þiVWLSRXåLWDGDOãtGDWDSLSUDYHQiMLQêPLEDGDWHOL
SLSU$EåQpP]SUDFRYiYiQtQNWHUêFKYêVHN$E\ODQVNpKRPDWHULiOXDSXEOLNRYDQi
MDNRVSHFLiOQtVWXGLHMHåQDYD]RYDO\QDSURJUDPRYp]SUDFRYiQtâ,R. Tringham
1972, M. Popelka 1991, BI: T. Velímský 1969, J. Rulf 19917tPWRQHQtLQIRUPDþQt
REVDKE\ODQVNpKRQiOH]RYpKRVRXERUX]GDOHNDY\þHUSiQDMDNRDUFKLYSUDPHQ$P$åH
VORXåLWNHãHQtGDOãtFKRWi]HN3UYQtSRNXV\MLåE\O\UHDOL]RYiQ\YREODVWLWHFKQRORJLH
keramiky (Franklin 1998), nebo v otázkách sídelního odpadu (Last 1998).
1DSHORPXVHGPGHViWêFKDRVPGHViWêFKOHWNG\VHGRNRQþRYDOR]SUDFRYiQt
E\ODQVNêFKPDWHULiO$DFKURQRORJLHVtGOLãWVHGiOH]SHVRYDODSRVWRXSLOD
LQWHUSUHWDFHHNRQRPLFNRVSROHþHQVNpKRREUD]XVtGOLãWMHQQHSDWUQVWiOHSRG
GRMPHPQHGRNRQþHQpDQDOê]\MLQêFK]QDN$QHåFKURQRORJLFNêFK9WRPWRVPUX
E\O\G$OHåLWêPLPH]QtN\GYNRQIHUHQFHROLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH3UYQt]QLFKVHNRQDODY
roce 1981 v Nových Vozokanech (Pavúk 1982) a bylanský sídelní areál zde byl
VWUXþQ]DD]HQGRNRQWH[WXãLUãtKR~]HPtPLNURUHJLRQX%\ODQN\D9UFKOLFH3DYO$
1982.URPMLQpKR]GHE\ODWDNpH[SOLFLWQIRUPXORYiQDSHGVWDYDRQHROLWLFNpP
VtGOLãWLMDNRSURVWRUXLQGLYLGXiOQtFKGYRUF$Boelicke 1982'RGDWHþQDLPSOLFLWQ
]GHE\ODRGPtWQXWDGtYMãtSHGVWDYDRSRK\EHFKQHROLWLFNpRVDG\MDNRFHONXMDNWR
E\ORS$YRGQIRUPXORYiQR%6RXGVNêP
'UXKiNRQIHUHQFHE\ODYQRYiQDGRNRQþHQpPX]SUDFRYiQtE\ODQVNêFKPDWHULiO$D
.konala se v roce 1987 v Liblicích (Rulf 19893URWXWRNRQIHUHQFLE\O\SLSUDYHQ\
StVSYN\NPHWRGLFHDQDOê]\MHGQRWOLYêFKGUXK$QiOH]$BYSEDSHGHP
SXEOLNRYiQ\WH]HRFKURQRORJLLVtGOLãWBYTH&KURQRORJLHVtGOLãW/Q.VHRStUDODR
YtFHUR]PUQRXDQDOê]XFKURQRORJLFNêFKSUYN$OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX+ODYQt]PQRX
E\ORSHGHYãtPIRUPXORYiQtFHOpQRYpVXESHULRG\/Q.,,GNWHUiQHE\ODGRVXG
UR]OLãRYiQD7DNpSRVWDYHQtGRP$YHIi]tFKVHYQNWHUêFKStSDGHFK]PQLORRSURWL
&+5219êVOHGQiSRVORXSQRVWVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tMHSRXåLWDLYWpWRSUiFL1D
FKURQRORJLLVtGOLãW/Q.QDYi]DODLFKURQRORJLHPODGRQHROLWLFNpKRRVtGOHQtYDUHiOX
BY1 (Zápotocká 1986YþHWQSRGUREQpKRY\PH]HQtVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$YWRPWRREGREt
(Zápotocká 1989c=iURYHE\OSRMHGQiQSUREOpPLQWUX]tQDQHROLWLFNpPVtGOLãWL
10
DOHVSRYSRPUXPH]LGREHUR]OLãLWHOQêPLQiOH]\OLQHiUQtDY\StFKDQpNHUDPLN\
(Zápotocká 1986: NWHUêE\O]REHFQQDåSR]GMLRulf 1997a).
9FKURQRORJLLE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWVHRSHUXMHVGYPDNOtþRYêPLSRMP\3UYQt]QLFK
je stavební komplex, který je chápán na empirické úrovni jako nálezový soubor
FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtLQYHQWiMHGQRKRGRPX7HQSHGVWDYXMHYLQWHUSUHWDþQtURYLQ
KRVSRGiVNêFHOHNhouseholdNWHUêMH]HMP]iNODGQtHNRQRPLFNRVSROHþHQVNRX
MHGQRWNRXSRFHOpREGREtR]QDþRYDQpMDNRVWDUãtSUDYNDSHVDKXMHWXGtåUiPHF
QHROLWLFNpNXOWXU\9ãHFKQ\MHKRVRXþiVWLQHO]HYåG\DUFKHRORJLFN\]MLVWLWQHER"
U$]QpYêUREQtKRVSRGiVNpDMDUHiO\QHPXVHO\VGRPHPWYRLWNRPSDNWQtFHOHNDQD
KXVW]DVWDYRYDQêFKDUHiOHFKPL]tREY\NOHYHVSOHWLQHVRXþDVQêFKREMHNW$3URWRWDNp
O]HSRMHPGYRUFHYQHROLWXSRYDåRYDW]D]MHGQRGXãXMtFtDWRMDNQDHPSLULFNpWDNLQD
LQWHUSUHWDþQt~URYQL6SHFLILFNêREVDKWRKRWRSRMPXO]HVQDGSURPtWDW]HVWHGRYNX
GRPODGãtKRSUDYNXDOH]WåtGRMHãWVWDUãtFKREGREt'UXKêPNOtþRYêPSRMPHPMH
sídelní fáze7DMHGQHVYQtPiQDMDNRQHMNUDWãtþDVRYê~VHN]MLVWLWHOQêDQDOê]RX
OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXUHSUHVHQWXMtFtiGRYMHGQXJHQHUDFLNHUDPLþHN=iURYH
]DKUQXMHVNXSLQXV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$WUYDMtFtFK]KUXEDSRGREXWpWRJHQHUDFH)i]L
O]HYQtPDWWDNpMDNRXUþLWpVFKHPDWL]RYDQpFKURQRORJLFNpGOtWNRNWHUpGRYROXMH
YHUWLNiOQtþOHQQtRE\WQêFKDUHiO$DNWHUpPiYê]QDPVStãHYHWDSDQDOê]\3URHWDSX
LQWHUSUHWDFHMHQXWQR]G$UD]QLWWRKRWRSRMPXMHPXåQHPXVt]FHODRGSRYtGDWþDVRYp
UR]SWtMHGQRWOLYêFKVWDYHE
/]HVRXGLWåHGDOãtSHSUDFRYiQtFKURQRORJLHFHOpKRE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWE\SLQHVOR
MHQGUREQp]PQ\YSRVWDYHQtNRPSOH[$GRP$9GRPE\OD]WRKRWRV\VWpPX
Y\D]HQDDGDVRXERU$]L]RORYDQêFKMDPDKOLQtN$MHMLFKåFKURQRORJLFNpSRVWDYHQtMH
RGOLãQêP]S$VREHPRYOLYQQRPHFKDQLVP\WYRUE\RGSDGXQDSUDYNpPVtGOLãWL%\OR
E\SURWRSHVQMãtR]QDþRYDWSRXåtYDQêE\ODQVNêV\VWpPFKURQRORJLH]URNX
(CHRON86) jako NHUDPLFNRXFKURQRORJLLY\EUDQêFKVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$
2SUiYQQRVWSRXåtYiQtWpWRFKURQRORJLHSRWYU]XMtL]GHSHGNOiGDQpYêVOHGN\NWHUp
GiYDMtGRVWDWHþQNRQVLVWHQWQtDY]iMHPQSURSRMHQêREUD]LSURMLQpGUXK\DUWHIDNW$D
NHUDPLFNêFK]QDN$QHåMHYê]GREDNHUDPLN\7DWRFKURQRORJLHVSROXVYDULDELOLWRX
POêQ$EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$DNHUDPLFNpKRRGSDGXE\ODMLåGtYHSRGNODGHPSUR
LQWHUSUHWDFLYQLWQtG\QDPLN\VtGHOQtKRDUHiOX%<3DYO$5XOI).
=HMPpQD]YêãHQêSRGtOPOêQ$SHGSHUXãHQtPQHERREQRYHQtPRE\WQêFKVWDYHEYHGO
NYêNODGXVWtGiQtNRQWLQXiOQtKRRVLGORYiQtDUHiOXVNUiWNRGREêPSHUXãRYiQtPQHER
SRVXQ\VWDYHEDMHGQRWOLYêFKVWDYHQLã"7HQWRNRPSOLNRYDQMãtPRGHOY\FKi]HMtFt]
LQGLYLGXiOQtFK]PQQDMHGQRPRE\WQpPDUHiOXQDKUD]XMHGtYMãtVFKHPDWL]RYDQê
PRGHOSUDYLGHOQpKRVWtGiQtVtGHOQtFKKRUL]RQW$DKLiW$YRVtGOHQt
2VPGHViWiOpWDSLQHVOD]iVDGQt]PQXYSRMHWtVtGOLãWQtKRRGSDGX1iOH]RYp
VRXERU\GtYHSRMtPDQpMDNRVWDWLFNêVRXKUQ]ORPN$NHUDPLN\FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtXUþLWp
REGREtMVRXGQHVSRYDåRYiQ\]DVRXþiVWVORåLWêFKNXOWXUQtFKLSLUR]HQêFKSHPQ
7\WRSURFHV\YHGO\RGPRPHQWXNG\E\O\DUWHIDNW\Y\D]HQ\]HåLYpNXOWXU\N
GHIRUPDFLQHMHQMHGQRWOLYêFKSHGPW$DOHSHGHYãtPMHMLFKS$YRGQtKRNXOWXUQtKR
NRQWH[WX6WXGLXPSURFHV$WYRUE\RGSDGXYãDNY\åDGXMHDQDO\]RYDWMLQp]QDN\QHå
E\O\]DWtPSRXåtYiQ\SURSRSLVE\ODQVNêFKQiOH]$8QiVMHWHSUYHYSRþiWFtFKDMHKR
G$VOHGN\SURUHVWLWXFL]iNODGQtE\ODQVNpFKURQRORJLHQHO]H]DWtPRGKDGQRXW3UR
%\ODQ\E\ODGRORåHQDPRåQRVWY\WYiHQtXUþLWêFKPRGHO$RGSDGXNWHUp]D
StKRGQêFKSRGPtQHNO]HVOHGRYDWLYDV\QFKURQQtFKVRXERUHFKLast 1998).
9êVOHGN\XVSRiGiQtDUWHIDNW$SHGNOiGDQpY této práci je proto nutno chápat jako
VWUXNWXUXRGSDGXLQWHUSUHWRYDQRXYSRMPHFKVWUXNWXU\åLYpNXOWXU\0H]LREPD
VWUXNWXUDPLVHQDFKi]t]DWtPQH]QiPêEORNSRVWGHSR]LþQtFKSURFHV$Schiffer 1987,
11
Vencl 1995, Rulf 1997aNWHUp]DStþLQLO\QHRGKDGQXWHOQêVWXSHGHIRUPDFH
SUDPHQ$6WXGLXPWRKRWRPH]LþOiQNXMH~ORKRXEXGRXFQRVWL=DWtPMHYãDN]HMPpåH
P$åHEêW]DORåHQRSRX]HQDVWHMQêFKSUDPHQHFKMDNRWRGQHãQt
9ê]NXPDY\KRGQRFHQtQHROLWLFNêFKQiOH]$]%\ODQSHGVWDYXMH~VLOtGYRX
EDGDWHOVNêFKJHQHUDFtRPHWRGLFNp]YOiGQXWtSUREOHPDWLN\VtGHOQtDUFKHRORJLH3HV
]QDþQpRGWUåHQtþHVNpDUFKHRORJLHRGFHORVYWRYpKRYêYRMHDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULH
MHPXåE\ODY\VWDYHQD]HMPpQDYVHGPGHViWêFKDRVPGHViWêFKOHWHFKRGUiåHO
E\ODQVNêYê]NXPE\"QHYåG\H[SOLFLWQ]iNODGQtWUHQG\WRKRWRGQt$þNROLY
Yê]NXPE\OYSDGHViWêFKOHWHFKNRQFLSRYiQSOQYUiPFLNXOWXUQKLVWRULFNpWHRULH
QNWHUêPLPHWRGDPLSHG]QDPHQiYDOMLåLQiVOHGXMtFtREGREtIXQNFLRQiOQ
SURFHVXiOQtWHRULH3R]LWLYLVWLFNêStVWXSNWYRUELDQDOê]HGDWSR]QDPHQDOSHGHYãtP
období prvního programu vyhodnocení z konce šedesátých let. Pevný popisný systém
DPRåQRVWSR]GMãtKRDXWRPDWLFNpKR]SUDFRYiQtXPRåQLOREURYVNêQiU$VW
VHNXQGiUQtFKGDWMHåMVRXREVDåHQDLYWpWRSUiFL=S$VREY]RUNRYiQtGDOãtFKQDOH]Lã"
v regionu, praktikovaný v bylanském programu sedmdesátých a osmdesátých let, je
VURYQDWHOQêVSRåDGDYN\SURFHVXiOQtKRSRMHWtWHUpQQtFKDNFtLNG\åE\OYWRPWR
StSDGY\YROiQþDVWRSUDNWLFNêPLG$YRG\MDNRE\ORRPH]HQtILQDQþQtFKSURVWHGN$
DNDSDFLWSRþiWNHPVHGPGHViWêFKOHW
%\ODQVNêYê]NXPVHYãDNQHY\URYQDOGRVWDWHþQVSURFHVXDOLVWLFNêPLSRåDGDYN\QD
LQWHJUDFLHNRORJLFNêFKDDUFKHRORJLFNêFKGDW9SU$EKXWHUpQQtFKSUDFtVHYãH
VRXVWHRYDORQDDUWHIDNW\DQHDUWHIDNWXiOQtQiOH]\E\O\VKURPDåRYiQ\MHQY
GUXKpPSOiQX-LVWêPY\URYQiQtPVHVWRXWRVLWXDFtE\ODSR]GMLDåVRXKUQQiSUiFH-
Rulfa (1983, 1994DOHLQWHQ]LWDStURGRYGQêFKVWXGLtQHGRViKOD~URYQMLQêFK
HYURSVNêFKYê]NXP$Bakels 1978 aj%\ODQVNiHNRGDWD]$VWiYDMtY\XåLWDMHQY
REHFQpURYLQFHONRYpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\QHROLWLFNpKRSURVWHGtEH]GHWDLOQMãtKR
SURSRMHQtQDYêYRMVtGOLãWPeške - Rulf - Slavíková 1998). Ani v této práci nebyl na
Q]DWtPEUiQ]HWHODMHMLFKSOQp]KRGQRFHQtYNRQWH[WXVtGHOQtVWUXNWXU\]$VWiYi
EXGRXFtP~NROHP.QiOH]$P]DUHiOX%<EXGHPRåQRSLSRMLWLHNRGDWD
V\VWHPDWLþWML]tVNiYDQiSLSRVOHGQtPSURMHNWXYê]NXPXQHROLWLFNpKRURQGHOXY
areálu BY4 (BYRO).
3RVOHGQtNRJQLWLYQSURFHVXiOQtREGREtDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULHVH]DWtPYVtGHOQt
DUFKHRORJLLStOLãQHSURMHYLORQHER"YWãLQDVRXþDVQêFKWHRUHWLFNêFKSRNXV$VStãH
SHGEtKDODGRVDYDGQtDUFKHRORJLFNRXSUD[L$XWRUY\XåLOVYêFK]NXãHQRVWt]
klasifikace keramiky a lineárního ornamentu, aby pojmy z této oblasti, rozlišující
YODVWQtSRGVWDWXNHUDPLN\RGMHMtKRGHVpQXDVW\OXSHQHVOLQDMLQpDUWHIDNW\
5R]OLãRYiQtMDNêFKVLWt~URYQtSR]QiQtMHMLåGORXKRGREEåQRXSUD[tQHMHQY
archeologii (srov. Thompson 1958: $XWRUVRXGtåHMHSURDQDOê]XVtGOLãWQtFK
QiOH]$YêKRGQpNRPELQRYDWW\WRWLDVSHNW\DUWHIDNW$VDQDORJLFNRXWURMLFt
SUREOpPRYêFKRNUXK$MDNMHSURSDJXMHVLWXDþQtDQDOê]D$þNROLYMHMtDXWRUPopper
1993EêYiQNG\R]QDþRYiQ]DSRVOHGQtKRSR]LWLYLVWXGRVWDORVHMHKRSRMHWtLGR
okruhu teoretických úvah kognitivní archeologie (Whitley 1993). Její praktické
XSODWQQtE\PODXNi]DWWDWRSUiFH
Seznam základních publikací
%</$1<2VDGD]HPGOF$]PODGãtGRE\NDPHQQpSoudský 1966)
BYAI, Bylany, analýza, díl I (B. Soudský a kol. 1970, MS)
12
%<$.DWDORJVHNFH$þiVW3DYO$=iSRWRFNi)
%<$.DWDORJVHNFH$þiVW3DYO$±=iSRWRFNi26RXGVNê)
BYBF, Katalog sekce B a F (3DYO$±=iSRWRFNi26RXGVNê)
BYRO, Bylany - Rondel (3DYO$±5XOI=iSRWRFNi)
BYSE, Bylany - Seminar 1987 (Rulf, ed. 1989)
BYST, Bylany - Stones (3DYO$5XOIHG)
BYTH, Bylany - Theses (3DYO$±5XOI=iSRWRFNi)
BYV1, Bylany - Varia 1 (3DYO$HGG)
13
3RGNRYiQt
'ORXKROHWiSUiFHE\QHE\ODUHDOL]RYDWHOQiEH]SRPRFLDG\VSROXSUDFRYQtN$NWHtVH
SRGORXKiOpWDSRGtOHOLQD]SUDFRYiQtQiOH]$DWHUpQQtGRNXPHQWDFH$XWRUE\MLP
YãHPUiGQDWRPWRPtVWSRGNRYDO3HGHYãtPWPNGRPNWpWRSUiFLNG\VL
SLYHGOLDVDPLVHMHMtKRGRNRQþHQtMLåQHGRþNDOL9HGRXFtPXE\ODQVNpKRYê]NXPX]
OHW3URI%6RXGVNpPXNWHUêPLE\OYRQpGREXþLWHOHPLUiGFHPD'U
-DQX5XOIRYLNWHUêPYSRVOHGQtFKOHWHFKSHVYGþLOåHWHQWR~NROSURVWQHO]HGiOH
odkládat.
6SROXSUDFRYQtN$PE\ODQVNêFKSURMHNW$'U0=iSRWRFNp'U0=iSRWRFNpPX
'U5âXPEHURYpD'U/-LUiRYLNWHtVHVSROHþQRXSUDFtSRGtOHOLQDEXGRYiQt
bylanského archivu archeologických dat.
'DOãtPSUDFRYQtN$P]U$]QêFKLQVWLWXFt]QLFKåQNWHtVHGtYHVDPLWHUpQQtFKSUDFt
Y%\ODQHFK]~þDVWQLOLQHERYSR]GMãtGREE\ODQVNpSURMHNW\VYêPLSRVWRML
podporovali: Prof. J. Bouzkovi, Dr. P. Budínskému, Prof. M. Buchvaldkovi, Dr. E.
ýXMDQRYp'U''UHVOHURYp'U-)ULGULFKRYL'U-.OiSã"RYL'U0.XQRYL
Prof. J. Lichardusovi, Prof. M. Lichardus-Itten, Dr. K. Motykové, Dr. V. Mouchovi,
Prof. J. Pavúkovi, Dr. I. Pleinerové, Prof. R. Pleinerovi, Dr. A. Rybové, Prof. J.
Slámovi, Dr. E. Soudské, Dr. J. Valentové, Doc. T. Velímskému, Doc. S. Venclovi a
Dr. V. Vokolkovi.
'iOHSUDFRYQtN$P$5ÒY3UD]HNWHtVHQHPDORXPURX]DVORXåLOLRUHGDNFLD
Y\GiQtPDWHULiORYêFK.DWDORJ$YOHWHFK5)DEHãRYp'U=
Krumhanzlové, Doc. M. Richterovi a R. Tiché.
9ãHPVSROXSUDFRYQtN$PE\ODQVNp]iNODGQ\NWHtVHSRGtOHOLQDGRNXPHQWDFLD
zpracování vGYDFHWLSWLOHWHFK]HMPpQD'ýHU\FKRYp9+HMGXNRYp-
&KPHODRYL$.HOOHURYp0.RVWHOQtNRYp=.tåRYL-0RUiYNRYL-0UNYLþNRYL
S/3HWU$-3RXSRYp96FKQHLGHUZLQGRYp-6WHNOp29ODViNRYL
9QHSRVOHGQtDGWDNpYãHPNWHtPLSRPiKDOLSLSRþtWDþRYpP]SUDFRYiQt,QJý
ýtãHFNpPX51'U0-DþNRYL,QJ'.LYiQNRYpD,QJ2S96RXGVNpPX$
WDNpVRXþDVQêPYODVWQtN$PSUiYSURJUDPX%0'36WDWLVWLFDO6ROXWLRQV,UVNR]D
VYROHQtSRXåtYDWYHU]L] roku 1995 pro zpracování bylanských dat. V neSRVOHGQtDG
GNXMHDXWRUNRUHNWRU$PDQJOLFNpYHU]H1LFNX&DUH\RYL&KDQHOO&URVVLQJV3UDKDD
$ODVWDLUX0LOODURYL%6F+RQVD'U''UHVOHURYp]DMHMt~VLOtSLHGLFLWpWR
SXEOLNDFH'NXML''U3HWURYL6WDGOHURYL1DWXUKLVWRULVFKHV0XVHXP9tGHNWHUê
]DMLVWLOSURYHGHQtSRVOHGQtFKUDGLRNDUERQRYêFKPHQt]%\ODQ'NXMLURYQåVYRMt
åHQ,UHQ]DMHMtFHORåLYRWQtSRGSRUXWpWRSUiFH
$XWRUE\QDNRQHFURYQåUiGSRGNRYDOLFHOpDGGDOãtFKQHMPHQRYDQêFKNROHJ$]
ýHFK0RUDY\D]DKUDQLþtNWHtPXVYêPLSiWHOVNêPLSRVWRMLDSLSRPtQNDPL
SRPiKDOLSLWpWRSUiFLSRFHORXGORXKRXGREXStSUDY
14
9QRYiQt
3UiFLYQXMLSDPiWFH
Prof. PhDr. Bohumila Soudského,
RGQKRåMVHPWHQWR~NROSHY]DO
a
PhDr. Jana Rulfa,
MHPXåRVXGQHGRSiOYQPSRNUDþRYDW
15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "Vermutlich war die Schäftung eines Feuersteigerätes wertvoller als ihr
Silexeinsatz." (Zimmermann 1995: 107)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Štípaná industrie
1.0. Úvod
1.0.1. Neolitická štípaná industrie
Od šedesátých let se rozvíjí intenzivní studium neolitické štípané industrie vedené
QNROLNDVPU\7HQSUYQtVPRYDONW\SRORJLFNpPRUIRORJLLNWHUiE\Y\PH]LOD
FKURQRORJLFNpSRVWDYHQtQHROLWLFNpLQGXVWULHMDNY$þLVWDUãtPWDNLPODGãtP
VRXERU$P9êYRMRYpWHQGHQFHYUiPFLVtGOLã"VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXQHE\O\YãDNStOLã
YêUD]QVOHGRYDWHOQpGtN\GRVWLQHVSHFLILFNpPXFKDUDNWHUXWpWRLQGXVWULH(Vencl 1960:
9HGOHWRKRE\OVWXGRYiQLMHMtSRPUNLQGXVWULLVWDUþHYVNpDYLQþDQVNpNXOWXU\V
QLPLåEêYiJHQHWLFN\VSRMRYiQDKaczanowska 1989). Druhým širokým okruhem je,
YHVSROXSUiFLVMLQêPLVSHFLDOLVW\VWXGLXPVXURYLQRYpKRVORåHQtDVWtPVSRMHQêFK
SUREOpP$]tVNiYiQtDGLVWULEXFHWFKWRVXURYLQWeisberger - Slotta - Weiner 1980).
9HGOHWFKWRGYRXRNUXK$E\ODWHWtWMIXQNþQtDQDOê]DPLNURVNRSLFNêFKSUDFRYQtFK
VWRSRSRWHEHQtQiVWURM$YUiPFLOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\DSOLNRYiQDSRX]HYQNWHUêFK
LQWHUYDOHFKDYRPH]HQpPtH
1HMREViKOHMãtV\VWHPDWLFNpVWXGLXPQHROLWLFNpãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHE\ORXVNXWHþQQRY
VRXYLVORVWLVSORãQêPLRGNU\Y\QD$OGHQKRYHQVNpSORãLQY'ROQtP3RUêQt
(Zimmermann 19883HGHYãtPE\OY\SUDFRYiQVRXVWDYQêV\VWpPSRSLVQêFK]QDN$D
PHWULN\ãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$NWHUê]DKUQXOYHGOH]iNODGQtFKPRUIRORJLFNêFK
FKDUDNWHULVWLNWDNpGHWDLO\WHFKQRORJLHRGãWSRYiQt9HONiSR]RUQRVWE\ODYQRYiQD
NODVLILNDFLVXURYLQ-HGQRWOLYpWYDU\E\O\SDNSRGUREQPRUIRORJLFN\LPHWULFN\
DQDO\]RYiQ\QDSNRQFRYiãNUDEDGODDVUSRYpþHSHON\Zimmermann 1988: 683,
686), nebo v porýnské oblasti hojné šipky (Zimmermann 1977). Obsáhle byl také
]SUDFRYiQV\VWpPYêPQ\VXURYLQVNRQVHNYHQFHPLGRWHRULHFHQWUiOQtFKDVDWHOLWQtFK
VtGOLã"Zimmermann 1995, Lüning 1997).
1.0.2. Neolitická štípaná industrie z Bylan
-LåNRQFHPãHGHViWêFKOHWVHVWDOVRXERUãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH]%\ODQSHGPWHP
podrobné analýzy (Tringham 1972, 1973). Morfologická typologie byla v této práci
NRPELQRYiQDVSR]RURYiQtPSUDFRYQtFKVWRSSRG]YWãHQtPQLåãtKRiGX3tQRVHP
E\OR]MLãWQtåHSHYiåQiYWãLQDDUWHIDNW$YþHWQWFKNWHUpPRUIRORJLFN\E\O\
NODVLILNRYDWHOQpMDNRRGãWSN\QHERRGSDGQHVODQDRVWUêFKKUDQiFKYWãtþLPHQãt
VWRS\SRXåLWt'iOHE\O\Y\VORYHQ\SUYQtWH]HRSRWHQFLiOQtNYDOLW]SUDFRYiYDQêFK
VXURYLQ&HOêVRXERUQHE\OYãDNYRQpGRENGLVSRVLFLDSURWRGDWD]WpWRSUiFH
]$VWDODWRU]HP7HSUYHYRVPGHViWêFKOHWHFKE\OVRXERU]QRYXNODVLILNRYiQSRGOH
základních morfologických charakteristik (Popelka 1991, 1999). Výsledkem byla
16
VW\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHUHWXãRYDQêFKDUWHIDNW$DPRUIRORJLFNpUR]OLãHQtKODYQtFK
NXOWXUQFKURQRORJLFNêFKWtG'DWDE\ODQ\QtUHYLGRYiQDDYWãLQRX]SUDFRYiQDQRY
QD]iNODGSRGUREQMãtFKNULWHULt
&HOêE\ODQVNêVRXERUãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHE\ONODVLILNRYiQYHOPLHUXGRYDQ]KOHGLVND
SHWURJUDILFNpKRXUþHQtDStSDGQpSURYHQLHQFHVXURYLQ3LFK\VWDO). Stejná data
E\ODQ\QtSRXåLWDSLKRGQRFHQtNYDOLW\]SUDFRYiYDQêFKVXURYLQDSLFKDUDNWHULVWLFH
HNRQRPLN\E\ODQVNpãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH1D]iNODGSRGUREQpKRXUþHQtVXURYLQE\O\
vysloveny i teze o jejich distribuci a hlavních chronologických trendech této
distribuce (Lech 19899VRXþDVQpGRESUREtKiGDOãtHWDSD]NRXPiQt
PLNURVNRSLFNêFKVWRSRSRWHEHQtDMHMLFKKRGQRFHQtQD]iNODGH[SHULPHQW$Popelka
1997).
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH
-DNR]iNODGQtI\]LFNpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH]GHE\O\SRXåLW\MHMLFK
UR]PU\DSRPUGpON\DãtN\.QLPMHSLSRMHQDKODYQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDNYDOLW\
VXURYLQ2SHUXMHVHSDNVMHGQRGXFKRXIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFtLQGXVWULHNQtåMH
SLSRMHQRVNyUHNYDOLW\]SUDFRYiQt7RMHGiQRSDUDGLJPDWLFNêPLWtGDPLYSURVWRUX
]iNODGQtFKIRUHPDNYDOLW\VXURYLQ3RGUREQMLN pojmu paradigmatické klasifikace
viz D. Read (1982: 65).
+ODYQtPLPLWHOQêPLIXQNþQtPL]QDN\MVRXYêãNDDUWHIDNWXD~KHORVWt9U$]QêFK
NDWHJRULtFKWFKWR]QDN$MVRXGHILQRYiQ\WtG\IXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHE\ODQVNpLQGXVWULH
(NRQRPLNDYêURE\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHE\ODKRGQRFHQDSRGOHVPUXDY]GiOHQRVWL
]SUDFRYDQêFKVXURYLQ3HVWRåHVHE\ODQVNpVtGOLãWDGtNXåLYDWHOVNêPDQLNROLY
]SUDFRYDWHOVNêPPtVW$PVYGþtNRHILFLHQWGRVWXSQRVWLRMLVWp]iPUQpYROEVXURYLQ
2E\YDWHOp%\ODQWDNRYOLYRYDOLFHONRYpVORåHQtLQGXVWULHDMHKRNYDOLWDWLYQt
YDULDELOLWXSRGOHPQtFtFKVHSRGPtQHNQDEtGN\]U$]QêFK]SUDFRYDWHOVNêFK]GURM$
6W\OLVWLFNp]QDN\NWHUpGiYDMtLQGXVWULLMHMtLQIRUPDþQtDV\PEROLFNêREVDKE\O\
GHILQRYiQ\YSRMPHFKGUXKXDVPUX~GHUXSLRGEtMHQtþHSHOtRGMDGHU9
synchronních i asynchronních kontextech byla pak sledována stylistická klasifikace
þHSHOt1D]iNODGYêVN\WX]iPUQpUHWXãHNWHUiQHQtYE\ODQVNpLQGXVWULLStOLãþDVWi
byly stanoveny prototypy 3DYO$MHGQRWOLYêFKWYDU$D]NRXPiQ\Y
chronologických i kontextuálních souvislostech (obr. 1.0.3.a.).
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHâ,MiGUD~ãWS\þHSHOH
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUXþHSHOtGpONDDãtND
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXWYDUXNDåGpKRDUWHIDNWXMHY]iMHPQêSRPUMHKRWt
KODYQtFKUR]PU$3URWRåHYãDNYêãNDãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$VRXYLVtYStSDGQiVWURM$V
~KOHPRVWtMHMHMtYê]QDPYWãtSURIXQNþQtYODVWQRVWL3RPUGpON\DãtN\
GRVWDWHþQY\VWLKXMHKUDQLFHMLPLåMVRXGiQ\DWDNpRPH]HQ\YãHFKQ\Y\UREHQp
YDULDQW\WYDU$âtNDþHSHOtVHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRX
14.3 mm (s = 4.1, N = 394, kde sMHVWDQGDUGQtRGFK\ONDVWDWLVWLFNpKRUR]GOHQt
þHWQRVWtD1MHUR]VDKWRKRWRUR]GOHQt5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtãtN\þHSHOtMHYtFHPpQ
MHGQRPRGiOQtVQHYêUD]QêPSRNOHVHPRNRORSU$PUQpKRGQRW\'pONDþHSHOtVH
SRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPPV 1 5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWt]QDþQNROtViSRNXGMVRXMHGQRWOLYpWtG\VWDQRYHQ\QDPP
17
3RNXGMVRXMHGQRWOLYpWtG\RKUDQLþHQ\UR]SWtPPPUêVXMHVHKUDQLFHGYRX
PRGiOQtFKWtGYWãtFKDPHQãtFKþHSHOtQDKRGQRWPP=DQtþHWQRVWLYêUD]Q
klesají (obr. 1.1.1.a.).
.RUHODFHãtN\DGpON\þHSHOtO]HY\MiGLWQLåãtKRGQRWRX5 1 NGH5
MHNRUHODþQtNRHILFLHQWNWHUiQD]QDþXMHåHGpONDþHSHOtQH]iYLVtMHGQR]QDþQQD
]iEUXRGEtMHQpþiVWLMiGUD1DRSDNVHSRWYU]XMHåHGpONDþHSHOtMHGiQDSHGHYãtP
SHGEåQRX~SUDYRXMiGUDDYHOLNRVWtNXV$VXURYLQ\MDNiE\ODNGLVSR]LFLREU
1.1.1.b.).
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUX~ãWS$GpONDDãtND
âtND~ãWS$VHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPPV
1 -HMLFKUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHYêUD]QELPRGiOQtWDNåHO]HGHILQRYDWXåãt
DãLUãt~ãWS\UR]OLãLWHOQpKUDQLFtPP9H[WUpPQtFKKRGQRWiFKMHUR]GOHQt
QHSUDYLGHOQpFRåRGSRYtGi]QDþQpQHVRXURGRVWLWpWR]iNODGQtIRUP\'pOND~ãWS$VH
SRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPPV 1 5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHSRGREQMDNRXþHSHOt]QDþQUR]NROtVDQpSLVWDQRYHQtWtGV
KUDQLFtPPDSRPUQMHGQRWQpSLKUDQLFtFKWtGPP3tSDGQpGOHQtQDYWãt
DPHQãt~ãWS\O]HSRGOHGpON\VWDQRYLWQDKUDQLFLEOt]NpSU$PUQpKRGQRWFRåþLQt
30 mm.
.RUHODFHGpON\DãtN\~ãWS$MHY\MiGHQDKRGQRWRX5 1 NWHUiMH
YêUD]QY\ããtQHåXþHSHOt2GEtMHQt~ãWS$E\OR]HMPPpQYi]iQRQDGpONXMiGUDD
MHMLFKYHOLNRVWY\MiGHQiGpONRX]iYLVHODSRGVWDWQYtFHQD]iEUXRGEtMHQpSORFK\
QHåXþHSHOt7DWRNRUHODFHSRWRPGRYROXMHYGDOãtP]DFKRYDWGpONXMDNR
FKDUDNWHULVWLNXYHOLNRVWLSHVWRåHãtNDVHY\]QDþXMHELPRGiOQtPVWDWLVWLFNêP
UR]GOHQtPþHWQRVWt9]KOHGHPNHNRUHODFLRERXFKDUDNWHULVWLNVHYDULDELOLWDãtN\
SURPtWiGRVWDWHþQLGRYDULDELOLW\GpON\REUE
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWtþHSHOtD~ãWS$KPRWQRVWGpOND
+PRWQRVWþHSHOtVHY\]QDþXMHMHGQRPRGiOQtPUR]GOHQtPþHWQRVWtRSU$PUQp
KRGQRWJV 1 0$åHEêWSRNOiGiQD]DVSROHKOLYRXPtUXYHOLNRVWL
DUWHIDNWXQHER"RGSRYtGiREMHPXNWHUê]DKUQXMHYãHFKQ\WLMHKRUR]PU\9SUD[L
E\WRYãDNY\åDGRYDORYHOPLSHVQpYiåHQtVSRMHQpVPHQtPVSHFLILFNpKPRWQRVWL
MHGQRWOLYêFKVXURYLQFRåE\OR]DWtPSLSRL]RYiQtGDWQHGRVWXSQp3URWRåHKPRWQRVW
þHSHOtNRUHOXMHGRVWDWHþQVMHMLFKGpONRX5 O]HREPtU\SURFKDUDNWHULVWLNX
YHOLNRVWLY]iMHPQ]DPQLWREUD
.RUHODFHGpON\DKPRWQRVWLþHSHOt
+PRWQRVW~ãWS$VHY\]QDþXMHURYQåMHGQRPRGiOQtPUR]GOHQtPþHWQRVWtRSU$PUQp
KRGQRWJV 1 7DNpYStSDG~ãWS$NRUHOXMHMHMLFKGpONDD
KPRWQRVWGRVWDWHþQVLOQ5 WDNåHMHPRåQRQDKUDGLWGDWDRKPRWQRVWL
~ãWS$MHMLFKGpONRXREUE
.
18
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWLRGãWSN$DMDGHUKPRWQRVWGpOND
+PRWQRVWRGãWSN$VHY\]QDþXMHMHGQRPRGiOQtPUR]GOHQtPþHWQRVWtRSU$PUQp
KRGQRWJV 1 9WRPWRStSDGNRUHOXMHMHMLFKGpONDDKPRWQRVW
SRQNXGPpQQHåWRPXE\ORX~ãWS$5 2GãWSN\SHGVWDYXMtSHYiåQ
RGSDGSLYêUREQHERGRGDWHþQêFK~SUDYiFKMLQêFKDUWHIDNW$]KOHGLVNDYHOLNRVWL
Y\PH]XMtGRVWLQHVRXURGRXWtGXWYDU$REUD
.
+PRWQRVWMDGHU]DEtUiãLUãtUR]SWtDMHMtUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtY]KOHGHPNPDOpPXSRþWX
1 MH]QDþQQHMHGQRWQp-HMtSU$PUQiKRGQRWDMHJV DYãDN
YêUD]QVHY\þOHXMtPHQãtMiGUDGRJDYWãtMiGUD0H]LPHQãtPLMVRXKRMQp
WYDU\VHVHNXQGiUQtPREURXãHQtPNWHUpP$åHEêWGRNODGHPXSUDYRYiQtEUXVQp
SORFK\POêQ$Zimmermann 1988: QHERMHMLFKSRXåtYiQtMDNRNHVDGOD
(Seeberger 19779HVNXSLQYWãtFKMDGHUVHY\VN\WORMHQMHGQRGUXKRWQSRXåLWp
MiGURMDNRRWORXNDþ.RUHODFHGpON\DKPRWQRVWLMDGHUMHLSHVQHVRXURGRVWMHMLFK
WYDU$GRVWLY\VRNi5 REUE
.
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHþHSHOt
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHþHSHOtMHY\WYiHQDVSRMHQtPSDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGWYDUXD
YHOLNRVWL7YDU\NWHUpMVRXFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQ\ãtNRGpONRYêPLQGH[HPO]HUR]GOLWQD
XåãtDãLUãt9\SOêYiWR]ELPRGDOLW\VWDWLVWLFNpKRUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtLQGH[XSUR
þHSHOHNWHUpVHGOt]KUXEDQDKUDQLFL,QWXLWLYQtGHILQLFLþHSHOtSRWRPRGSRYtGi
SHYDKDWtG\XåãtFKDUWHIDNW$REUD
3RGOHGpON\E\O\MLåYêãHNDSþHSHOHUR]GOHQ\QDNUDWãtDGHOãtQHåPP
6SRMHQtPRERXNULWHULtY]QLNiIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHþW\W\S$XåãtDNUDWãt
XåãtDGHOãtãLUãtDNUDWãtãLUãtDGHOãtREUD9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVH
typ 4 vzhledem kGHILQLFLþHSHOtQHY\VN\WXMH7\S]DKUQXMH]HMPL]ORPN\þHSHOí,
QHER]iPUQ]NUDFRYDQpþHSHOHMHMLFKåãtNDSHVDKXMHGpONXDLQGH[MHSDNYWãt
QHå&KDUDNWHULVWLN\WYDU$GDQpSRPUHPãtN\DGpON\DYHOLNRVWLþHSHOtNWHUiMH
]GHUHSUHVHQWRYiQDGpONRXPtVWRKPRWQRVWtVHY\]QDþXMtVLOQRX]iSRUQRXNRUHODFt5
= -0.659) (obr. 1.1.5.b.).
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFH~ãWS$
6WDWLVWLFNpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtãtNRGpONRYpKRLQGH[XMHSURE\ODQVNp~ãWS\WDNp
ELPRGiOQtREUDDYãDNKUDQLFHPH]LXåãtPLDãLUãtPL~ãWS\MHGiQDKRGQRWRX
LQGH[X8åãt~ãWS\WDNWRGHILQRYDQpYE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXSHYOiGDMtSHVWRåH]
GHILQLFHWYDUXE\PO\PtWSHYDKXãLUãt~ãWS\3DWUQMHWR]QiPNRXSHYOiGDMtFt
VQDK\Y\WYiHWDSRXåtYDWWYDU\NWHUpVHEOtåtYtFHþHSHOtP
1D]iNODGVSRMHQtWtGSRGOHWYDUXDYHOLNRVWLY]QLNDMtþW\LSDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\
IRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFH~ãWS$XåãtDNUDWãtXåãtDGHOãtãLUãtDNUDWãtãLUãt
DGHOãtREUD$'pONDDãtNRGpONRYêLQGH[~ãWS$NRUHOXMtSRGREQMDNRX
þHSHOtDWR]iSRUQREUDDOHKRGQRWDNRHILFLHQWXNRUHODFHMHQLåãt5 9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVHY\VN\WXMHLWtGDLNG\åQHStOLãSRþHWQNWHUi
SHGVWDYXMHãLURNpDGORXKpWYDU\9LQWXLWLYQtNODVLILNDFLE\VHMHGQDORRSRPUQ
YHONp~ãWS\REUE
19
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDIRUPiOQtFKWtG
5HODWLYQtYêVN\WIRUPiOQtFKWtGþHSHOtL~ãWS$NROtViYHIi]tFKGRVWLQHSUDYLGHOQ9
FHONRYêFKVRXþWHFKVHY\GOXMtPDOp~]NpþHSHOHGNWHUpGRVDKXMtSU$PUQp
KRGQRW\DYHVPVYMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFKWDNpSHYOiGDMt9HONpãLURNp~ãWS\
MVRXSRPUQY]iFQpGRVDKXMtSU$PUQpKRGQRW\QHFHOêFKDQDYtFYDGIi]t
]FHODFK\Et2VWDWQtIRUPiOQtW\S\VHYFHONRYêFKSRþWHFKSRK\EXMtRNRORDOHY
MHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFKMHMLFKKRGQRW\NROtVDMtSRQNXGYtFH
8YDåXMtOLVHSRX]HW\Ii]HYQLFKåSRþHWDUWHIDNW$GRVDKXMHQHMPpQNXV$SRWRP
lze jejich relativní výskyt charakterizovat jen ve 14 fázích. Variabilitu formálních
W\S$MHPRåQRSRURYQDWVLQWHUSUHWRYDQêPLYêN\Y\E\ODQVNpKRRVtGOHQt3RGtOPDOêFK
~]NêFKþHSHOHNVHYQNWHUêFKIi]tFKREQRY\QHERSRVXQX]Y\ãXMHVþtPå
NRUHVSRQGXMHLYDULDELOLWDYHONêFK~]NêFKþHSHOHN0DOpãLURNpþHSHOHVHY\VN\WXMtY
UHODWLYQVWDELOQtFKKRGQRWiFKMHMLFKFKURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDMHPLQLPiOQt
-HGQRWOLYpIRUPiOQtW\S\~ãWS$PDMtYHVPVSRGREQRXWHQGHQFLMDNRVURYQDWHOQp
W\S\þHSHOt
=FKURQRORJLFNpKRKOHGLVNDVHWHG\FKDUDNWHULVWLN\YHOLNRVWLDWYDUXFKRYDMtSRGREQ
EH]RKOHGXQD]iNODGQtIRUP\7RE\VYGþLORRREGREQêFKXåLYDWHOVNêFKWHQGHQFtFK
YMHGQRWOLYêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFK7RPXRGSRYtGiWDNpVNXWHþQRVWåHUR]GtO\YREVDKX
jednotlivých fází nejsou statisticky významné (chq = 181.073, d.f.= 150, p = 0.0426,
NGHFKTMH3HDUVRQ$YFKtTXDGUiWNRHILFLHQWRGIVWXSQtFKYROQRVWLDSMH
SUDYGSRGREQRVW7HQWRNRHILFLHQWP$åHEêWYRGtWNHPSURSRVRX]HQtKRPRJHQLW\
GDQpNRQWLQJHQþQtWDEXON\YL]Ihm 1978: 209.).
1XWQRSHGSRNOiGDWåHYWãLQDDUWHIDNW$QHE\ODY\UREHQDQDPtVW&KURQRORJLFNi
YDULDELOLWDYãDNP$åHEêWURYQåRYOLYQQDNROtVDMtFtPLSRGPtQNDPLSURVHNXQGiUQt
RGSDGQDVtGOLãWL1HO]HY\ORXþLWåHVHEKHPGHOãtKR~VHNXVRXYLVOpKRREêYiQt
MHGQRKRVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXRGSDG]GiQOLYKURPDGLON]iYUXWRKRWRþDVRYpKRREGREt
1HERSHGMHKR]iYUHPPRKODEêWDGDSHGPW$RGQHVHQDDQHGRVWDODVHGRRGSDGX
3RXåtYDQiGDWDMVRXYãDNNRQVLVWHQWQtYHVP\VOXVKRGQpKRSURFHVXY\WYiHQt
RGSDGQtFKVRXERU$YUiPFLVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$6RXERU\]HY]GiOHQêFKMDPQHMVRX
YWpWRDQDOê]HXYDåRYiQ\WDE$
(NRQRPLNDY\XåtYiQtVXURYLQDYêURE\ãWtSDQêFKQiVWURM$9]WDKN
StURGQtPXSURVWHGtDGDSWDELOLWDVXURYLQD]iNODGQtFKIRUHP
$GDSWDFHYêURE\DSRXåtYiQt]iNODGQtIRUP\
%\ODQVNpVtGOLãWSDWt]KOHGLVNDY\XåLWtãWSQêFKVXURYLQNW\SLFNêPXåLYDWHOVNêP
ORNDOLWiPNWHUpVHY\]QDþXMtYHONRXUR]PDQLWRVWtSRXåLWêFKPDWHULiO$(Vencl 1986).
6XURYLQRYpVSHNWUXP]DKUQXMHYtFHQHåGYGHVtWN\U$]QêFKKRUQLQ3LFK\VWDO),
NWHUpSRFKi]HMt]U$]QêFKVPU$DY]GiOHQRVWt'RVWiYDO\VHQDPtVWRSHYiåQYH
IRUPKRWRYêFKQiVWURM$QHERMHMLFKVRXþiVWt3RGOH]MLã"RYDQpPHWULN\O]HSLSXVWLW
åHQNWHUpDUWHIDNW\E\O\GiOHGRGDWHþQXSUDYRYiQ\]HMPpQDSURVHNXQGiUQt
SRXåtYiQt-iGUDMDNRYêFKR]tYêUREQtIRUPDSHGVWDYXMtYFHONRYpPPQRåVWYtSRX]H
FDDUWHIDNW$DGD]QLFKMHGUXKRWQRSRWHEHQDMDNRRWORXNDþHZimmermann
1988: QHERNHVDGODSeerberger 19777RVYGþtQDMHGQpVWUDQRYêMLPHþQRVWL
20
YêURE\QDPtVWE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãW1DGUXKpVWUDQWRGRNOiGiMDNVHMHKRRE\YDWHOp
SL]S$VRELOLQHGRVWDWNXVXURYLQYQHMEOLåãtPRNROt2GãWSN\QHERVStãHGUREQp
~ORPN\VHY\VN\WXMtWDNpMHQYPHQãtPPQRåVWYt0RKRXVLFHGRNOiGDWPtVWQt
YêUREXYRPH]HQpPtHVStãHYãDNVYGþtRKRVSRGiUQpPY\XåtYiQtVXURYLQ1NWHUp
]DPRUIQtFKRGãWSN$QHVRXWDNpPLNURVNRSLFNpVWRS\SRXåLWtQHER"WpPYãHFKQD
Y\XåLWHOQiRVWtE\ODXSRWHEHQDTringham 1972: 146).
9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXSHYDåXMtPtUQþHSHOHQDGRVWDWQtPL~ãWS\7R
odpovídá specializaci neolitické industrie na polní (srpy) nebo domácí práce
]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\+UXEãtSUiFHMDNRE\OR]SUDFRYiQtN$åHGHYDQHERNRVWLQD
NWHUpE\ORVStãHSRWHED~ãWS$QHE\O\SRGOHGRFKRYDQpKRRGSDGXYWãtKRUR]VDKX
-HRYãHPWDNpPRåQpåHåLYRWQRVWKUXEãtFKQiVWURM$E\ODGHOãtDSURWRMHMLFKUHODWLYQt
SRþHWPRKOEêWQLåãtDWRL]DSHGSRNODGXWUYiQtVWHMQpKRSRPUXU$]QêFKþLQQRVWt
âNUDEDGODQHMVRX]DKUQXWDPH]L]iNODGQtIRUP\SURWRåHVHPRKRXY\VN\WRYDWMDNQD
þHSHOtFKWDNLQD~ãWSHFKýHSHOHVDPRWQpMVRXFKiSiQ\MDNRPH]QtIRUPD~ãWS$
2E]iNODGQtIRUP\MVRXGREHNODVLILNRYDWHOQpGRVDPRVWDWQêFKGLVMXQNWQtFKWtG
Podíl základních forem závisí do jisté míry také od kvality surovin. Rohovce a
SD]RXUN\O]HYUiPFLVLOLFLW$SRYDåRYDW]HOpSHãWtSDWHOQpQHåNHPHQFHDWDNpWåHQp
VXURYLQ\]DNYDOLWQMãtQHåVEtUDQp(Tringham 1972: 143).
5R]OLãXMHPHSURWRQiVOHGXMtFtVNXSLQ\VXURYLQSRGOH]S$VREX]tVNiYiQtD]GURM$
(podle 3LFK\VWDO
$WåHQpURKRYFHNDPVHDGtEDYRUVNêGHVNRYêURKRYHFNyGYL]FLWRYDQRX
SUiFLVLOLFLW\NUDNRYVNRþHQVWRFKRYVNp-XU\NUDNRYVNêSD]RXUHN
þRNROiGRYêVLOLFLWZL
WRNU]\]VNLURKRYFHW\SX.UXPORYVNêOHV,,,
rohovec X (13), radiolarit (17), rohovec 21 (21) a puntíkovaný silicit
ZLHQFLHFKyZVN\
%WåHQpNHPHQFHNDPSDWt]iSDGRþHVNpNHPHQFH6NUãtQ7XãLPLFH
YHOPLMHPQêNHPHQHFOLPQRNYDUFLWNHPHQHF%HþRYNHPLþLWp
]YWUDOLQ\KDGF$%RVNRYãWHMQNHPHQFHQHXUþHQpSURYHQLHQFHVOXiN
DVLOLFLWDåOLPQRNYDUFLW
&VEtUDQpURKRYFHVHPVHDGtMHQU$]QpIRUP\VLOLFLW$JODFLJHQQtFKVHGLPHQW$
("morénové", "baltské", 01).
'RVWDWQt]DKUQXMtFt]EêYDMtFtGUXK\SRUFHODQLWNHPHQRSiO
FKDOFHGRQRYRXKPRWXDNLã"iO
9FHONRYpPVRXþWXYêVN\WWFKWRVNXSLQRGSRYtGiVWXSQLFL$±&±%
±'ýDVWMãtMVRXJODFLJHQQtVLOLFLW\EDOWVNpSD]RXUN\SHVWRåH
MHMLFKVWUXNWXUDE\ODQDUXãHQDGORXKRGREêPOHGRYFRYêPWUDQVSRUWHPD]YWUiYiQtP
=DFKRYDO\VL]HMPVWiOHGREURXãWtSDWHOQRVWYHVURYQiQtVNHPHQFLU$]QêFKGUXK$D
E\O\REOtEHQMãtQHåVQDGQMLGRVWXSQpDMLQDNKRMQUR]ãtHQp]iSDGRþHVNp
NHPHQFH7HQWRYêVOHGHNQHRGSRYtGiSURWRGRVORYDWHRUHWLFNpPXSHGSRNODGXåH
WåHQpVXURYLQ\MVRXNYDOLWQMãtQHåVEtUDQpýWYUWiVNXSLQDRVWDWQtFKVXURYLQ
REVDKXMHMHQYêMLPHþQRSUDFRYDQpDUWHIDNW\
9êVN\W]iNODGQtFKWtGSRGOHWFKWRVNXSLQVXURYLQY\ND]XMHVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQp
UR]GtO\9XYHGHQêFKSRPUHFK]iNODGQtFKVXURYLQRYêFKRNUXK$O]HVSDWRYDW
DGDSWDFLQDVWDYStURGQtFK]GURM$ãWtSDWHOQêFKVXURYLQYþHVNpREODVWL1HXVWiOH
REQRYRYDQpNRQWDNW\]HMPQHQXWLO\E\ODQVNpRE\YDWHOHQDKUD]RYDWLPSRUWRYDQp
VXURYLQ\PpQNYDOLWQtPLPtVWQtPLYDULDQWDPLVNXSLQD'NWHUpE\O\SLSUDYHQ\MHQ
SURQHMKRUãtþDV\WDE$
21
.
1.2.2. Suroviny a jejich zpracování
5HODWLYQtSRGtOMHGQRWOLYêFKVXURYLQRYêFKRNUXK$VHYSU$EKXVtGHOQtFKIi]tOLãt9
SRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKSHYOiGiVNXSLQD&WMVEtUDQpURKRYFHYHVPVVLOLFLW\
JODFLJHQQtFKVHGLPHQW$6*6NWHUp]HMPSHGVWDYRYDO\YHVYpGREMHGLQRX
GRVWXSQRXDGRVWDWHþQNYDOLWQtVXURYLQX6NXSLQ\$D%KUDMtYQHMVWDUãtPREGREt
VStãHGRSONRYRX~ORKXMDNRVXURYLQ\H[NOXVLYQt$QHERQiKUDGQt%5R]GtO\
PH]LIi]HPLMVRXYHY]WDKXNHNYDOLWVXURYLQVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT d.f. 75, p = 0.0000).
9VtGOLãWQtFKIi]tFKVWHGQtKRDPODGãtKRVWXSQ/Q.YêUD]QSHYOiGDMt
QHMNYDOLWQMãtVXURYLQ\SUYQtVNXSLQ\SHYDKRXVLOLFLW\NUDNRYVNRþHQVWRFKRYVNpMXU\
6.-9êMLPNRXMHIi]HYQtåVHRSW]YêãtSRGtOVXURYLQWHWtVNXSLQ\&9
DIi]LMHYêVN\WVXURYLQSRGOHNYDOLW\YtFHPpQY\URYQDQê7HSUYHY]iYUHþQêFK
Ii]tFKOLQHiUQtKRRVtGOHQtSHYOiGQRXVXURYLQ\GUXKpVNXSLQ\%NWHUpMHQXWQR
SRYDåRYDW]DUHODWLYQQHMPpQNYDOLWQtFRåWDNpXND]XMHQDSHUXãHQtGiONRYpKR
VSRMHQtQDVHYHURYêFKRG&KURQRORJLFNpSRDGtVXURYLQMHGiQRQDE\ODQVNpPVtGOLãWL
stupnicí C - A - B (tab. 1.2.2.A.).
3RþW\YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt
3HGSRNOiGiVHåHMHGQRWOLYpãWtSDQpQiVWURMHVORXåLO\VSHFLDOL]RYDQêP~NRQ$PDMHQ
QNWHUp]QLFKSDWLO\GRRVREQtYêEDY\MHGQRWOLYF$-HMLFKSRþW\EXGRXSRWRP
RGSRYtGDWMHQ]SURVWHGNRYDQSRþW$PRE\YDWHOYMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFK=NUHVOHQt
SRþWXQiVWURM$GRFKRYDQêFKYRGSDGXDS$YRGQtFKSRþW$VH]Y\ãXMHWDNp]QDþQRX
WUYDQOLYRVWtPDWHULiO$3RXåLWHOQpQiVWURMHVH]WRKRWRG$YRGXQHSRFK\EQGGLO\
3U$PUQêSRþHWYãHFKãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$QDMHGHQG$PGRVDKXMHKRGQRW\NXV$
-HYêUD]QQLåãtXGRP$VMHGQRGXFKRXVWHGQtþiVWtRSURWLGRP$PVH]GYRMHQRX
VWHGQtþiVWtDYãDNY]WDKRERXSURPQQêFKQHQtOLQHiUQt=WRKRO]HVRXGLWåH
QLNROLYNDåGêRE\YDWHOGRPXYODVWQLOFHORXVDGXQiVWURM$DOHVStãHW\WRVDG\E\O\Y
GRPNGLVSR]LFLSURVSROHþQpSRXåtYiQt9GRPHFKVY\ããtPSRþWHPRE\YDWHOMDNMH
]GYRMHQiVWHGQtRE\WQiþiVWLQWHUSUHWRYiQDE\ORSRWRPNGLVSR]LFLMHQWROLNQiVWURM$
NROLNE\ORSRWHEDNYWãtPXUR]VDKXþLQQRVWtYXUþLWpPPRPHQW1iVWURMHE\O\
YtFH~þHORYpDQHYãHFKQ\SUiFHVQLPLVHY\NRQiYDO\YHVWHMQpGRE
9UiPFL]iNODGQtFKIRUHPMVRXSRþHWQtUR]GtO\YSU$PUQpPSRþWXþHSHOtD~ãWS$QD
MHGHQG$PMHãWQLåãtQHåYãHFKGRKURPDG\7HQWRUR]GtOVHSURMHYXMHPpQX~ãWS$
QHåXþHSHOt0H]LKRGQRWDPLQHMVRXVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\FKT GI
S 9GRPHFKVH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPMHiGRYRYtFHþHSHOtDMHQR
YtFH~ãWS$QHåY domech sMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP=QDNRYRXKRGQRWX
]iNODGQtFKIRUHPãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHO]HWXGtåMHQYRPH]HQpPtHY\VYWOLWMDNRLNRQ
SRþWXRE\YDWHOWDE$WDE%
1.2.4. Základní formy ve fázích 8 - 11
3RþW\]iNODGQtFKIRUHPGDWRYDWHOQêFKGRMHGQRWOLYêFKVtGHOQtFKIi]tNROtVDMtPH]L
(3. fáze) a 60 kusy (19. fáze). Pro sledování charakteristického výskytu základních
IRUHPYQNROLNDSRVREQiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKE\OY\EUiQ~VHNIi]HYQPå
SRþW\SHVDKXMtNXV$YMHGQpIi]LY\MPDIi]HNWHUiREVDKXMHMHQNXV$ãWtSDQp
22
LQGXVWULH9]iMHPQpY]WDK\WFKWRVRXERU$E\O\VOHGRYiQ\YSURVWRUX]iNODGQtFK
IRUHPPHWRGRXNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\3UYQtRVDYêVOHGQpKRXVSRiGiQt
YDULDELOLW\VRXKODVtVYêUREQtPSRDGtP]iNODGQtFKIRUHPYNOHVDMtFtVWXSQLFLMiGUD
!~ãWS\!þHSHOH!RGãWSN\'UXKiRVDYDULDELOLW\RGSRYtGiGLFKRWRPLL
YêUREN$~ãWS\DþHSHOHRSURWLRGSDGXRGãWSN\D]E\WN\MDGHU
V takto interpretovaném prostoru základních forem zaniká základní chronologická
posloupnost fází. Do jedné skupiny se seskupují 10. a 11. fáze charakterizované
KRWRYêPLþHSHOHPLD~ãWS\)i]HVHY\]QDþXMHRGSDGHPDRGãWSN\Ii]H
SR]$VWDWN\MDGHUDWHG\XUþLWRXPtVWQtGRSONRYRXYêURERX-HGQiVHRIi]LRVtGOHQt
SRSHVXQXVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX]HVHNFH)QDVHNFL%]KUXEDP]iSDGQRG
QHMVWDUãtKR]NRXPDQpKRVtGHOQtKRSURVWRUX'RSONRYiYêUREDMHSRWRPY\VYWOLWHOQi
SRWHERXQRYêFKQiVWURM$StSDGQQXWQRVWtGRSOQLWSRþW\SHQHVHQêFKDUWHIDNW$REU
1.2.4.a.).
1.2.5. Základní formy v komplexech fází 8 - 11
3RGREQêP]S$VREHPO]HVOHGRYDWFKRYiQt]iNODGQtFKIRUHPYMHãWSRGUREQMãtP
SURVWRUXNRPSOH[$]HVWHMQpVNXSLQ\Ii]t.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DGDWGiYiWL
RV\]QLFKåGUXKiYDULDELOLW\DWHWtYDULDELOLW\MVRX
LQWHUSUHWRYDWHOQpSRGREQMDNRSUYQtDGUXKiRVD]SURVWRUXIi]t7HG\QLNROLY
FKURQRORJLFN\DOHMDNRG$VOHGHNYDULDELOLW\Y]QLNDMtFtSLMHMLFKYêURE3UYQtRVDY
SURVWRUXNRPSOH[$YDULDELOLW\VOHGXMHQDYtFIRUPiOQtFKDUDNWHULVWLN\ýHSHOH
VSROXVH]E\WN\MDGHUMVRX]GHYRSR]LFLV~ãWS\DRGãWSN\
9SURVWRUXSUYQtDGUXKpRV\VHMHGQRWOLYpNRPSOH[\RGGOXMtYHþW\HFKNYDGUDQWHFK
SRGOHSHYOiGDMtFtFKWYDU$DYêUREQtKRSRVWXSX1HMSUYHVHY\WYitVNXSLQDNRPSOH[$
VH]E\WN\MDGHU.DVNXSLQDþHSHOt.
'DOãtGYVNXSLQ\FKDUDNWHUL]XMt~ãWS\.DRGãWSN\.
3199) (obr. 1.2.5.a.).
.
,QIRUPDWLYQtREVDKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtâ,
1.3.1. Genotypy v prostoru sídelních fází 8 - 11
=iNODGQtIRUP\]DFKRYiYDMtYSURVWRUXIi]tLNRPSOH[$YêUREQtFKDUDNWHULVWLN\
ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH)RUPiOQtW\S\VOHGXMtYHVURYQDWHOQêFKSURVWRUHFKMLåYtFHGDQRX
FKURQRORJLFNRXSRVORXSQRVW3UYQtRVDYDULDELOLW\]YêUD]XMHãLURNRVW
WYDU$GUXKiRVDYDULDELOLW\VStãHMHMLFK~]NRVW9êVOHGQpSRDGtYSURVWRUX
SUYQtDGUXKpRV\YHGHRGYHONêFK~]NêFKþHSHOHN/NYHONêP~]NêP~ãWS$P
/=NRXPDQpIi]HSHGVWDYXMtMHQMHGHQYêVHN]FHOpSRVORXSQRVWLVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tD
YDULDELOLWXQiVWURM$O]HYWRPWRþDVRYpP~VHNXDQDORJLFN\Y\VYWOLWMDNRSHWUYiYiQt
XUþLWêFK]QDN$SRQNROLNJHQHUDFtYHYROXþQtSRVORXSQRVWLHill 1985: 382). Podle
NRQWLQXiOQtWUDGLFHVHGiXVX]RYDWåHVHIRUPiOQtWtG\ãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$FKRYDMt
vþDVHMDNRJHQRW\S\Y biologických systémech. Jsou hlavními formálními nositeli
XUþLWpYêUREQtWUDGLFHNWHUiVHXFKRYiYiDOHVSRYMLVWêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKEH]
RKOHGXQDYêPQXJHQHUDFtMHMLFKYêUREF$1DWRPVHQLFQHPQtDQLYStSDG%\ODQ
NGHPtVWRYêUREF$S$VRELOLVStãHXåLYDWHOpWFKWRDUWHIDNW$9êUREFLE\"Y]GiOHQtVH
VSROXVDXWRU\GRSONRYêFKDUWHIDNW$Y%\ODQHFKSRGL]RYDOLVWHMQpNXOWXUQtWUDGLFL
YêURE\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH7DWRWUDGLFHRYOLYRYDODQDGUXKpVWUDQLSRSWiYNX0DOp
þHSHON\XåãtKRLãLUãtKRWYDUXSHGHYãtPVWDELOL]RYDO\WXWRWUDGLFLREUD
23
)HQRW\S\YSURVWRUXVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$
6WHMQpIRUPiOQtW\S\VHYãDNFKRYDMtSRQNXGRGOLãQYSURVWRUXVWDYHEQtFK
NRPSOH[$'UXKiRVDYDULDELOLW\RGUiåtãLURNRVWWYDU$SRGREQMDNRSUYQt
RVDYSURVWRUXIi]tDOHYRSDþQpPSRDGt3UYQtRVDYDULDELOLW\GiYiVStãHGR
SURWLNODGXPDOpþHSHON\EH]RKOHGXQDãtNXDYHONpãLURNp~ãWS\FRåMHREGRED
XVSRiGiQtQDWHWtRVHYSURVWRUXIi]t7HWtRVDYDULDELOLW\RGGOXMHãLURNp
þHSHON\D~]Np~ãWS\RG~]NêFKþHSHOHNDãLURNêFK~ãWS$
9DULDELOLWDNRPSOH[$YSURVWRUXGUXKpDWHWtRV\SHNUDþXMHMHMLFKFKURQRORJLFNRX
StVOXãQRVWGRMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]t)RUPiOQtYDULDELOLWDãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$VHSURMHYXMH
YNRQWUDVWXãLURNêFK~ãWS$D~]NêFKþHSHOHNN~]NêP~ãWS$PDãLURNêPþHSHONiP
9êMLPNXWYRtYHONp~]NpþHSHON\FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtNRPSOH[=NtåHQtãLURNRVWL
D~]NRVWLþHSHOHND~ãWS$YMHGQRWOLYêFKV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[HFKMHPRåQR
R]QDþLW]DSURMHYIHQRW\SLFNpYDULDELOLW\ãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$7DE\ODG$VOHGNHP
LQGLYLGXiOQtKRStVWXSXNSURPQOLYêPSRGPtQNiPE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWDMHKR
StURGQtKR]i]HPt7DWRSRMPRYiDQDORJLH] oblasti biologické evoluce vystihuje
VSHFLILFNêU\VNXOWXUQtSRGREQRVWLNWHUiQHPiSHYDKRXJHQHWLFNê]iNODGRindos
1989: 6) (obr. 1.3.2.a.).
1.3.3. Kvalita štípané industrie v jednotlivých domech
1D]iNODGFHONRYpKRUR]ORåHQtVXURYLQE\ODRKRGQRFHQDMHMLFKNYDOLWD]QiPN\$
& % NGHQHMSRþHWQMãtNDWHJRULHWåHQêFKVLOLFLW$$MHR]QDþHQDQHMY\ããt
]QiPNRXNYDOLW\DQHMPpQSRþHWQiNDWHJRULHWåHQêFKNHPHQF$%]QiPNRX
QHMQLåãt9êVOHGHNVHQHVKRGXMHVPRGHUQtPSHGSRNODGHPåHWåHQpVXURYLQ\PDMt
EêWYSULQFLSXNYDOLWQMãtQHåVEtUDQpYL]YêãHNDSâWSQRVWVLOLFLW$]
JODFLJHQQtFKVHGLPHQW$E\ODLSR]YWUiYiQtY\ããtQHåãWSQRVWNHPHQF$U$]Qp
SURYHQLHQFH3URWRLSHVUHODWLYQtGRVWXSQRVWNHPHQF$E\O\W\WRSRNOiGiQ\QHROLWLN\
VStãHMHQ]DGRSONRYpPDWHULiO\2VWDWQtMDNRQDSNLã"iONHPHQFKDOFHGRQRYi
KPRWDDGDOãtVHY%\ODQHFKGRFKRYDO\MHQMDNR~ORPN\QLNROLYYHIRUP
YêUD]QMãtFKDUWHIDNW$
.YDOLWDYêURE\E\ODRFHQQDSRGOHQiURþQRVWLQD]tVNiQt]iNODGQtFKIRUHP]QiPN\
þHSHOH ~ãWS\ RGãWSN\ MiGUDQHE\ODKRGQRFHQD 9\QiVREHQtP
RKRGQRFHQêFKIRUHPDVXURYLQY]QLNiPDWLFHVNyUHNWHUi]QiPNXMHNYDOLWXXåtYDQp
ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHSRGOHYêVN\WXStVOXãQêFKNRPELQDFtYMHGQRWOLYêFKVRXERUHFKREU
1.0.3.a).
3URYãHFKQ\VWDYHEQtNRPSOH[\E\O\Y\SRþWHQ\VRXKUQQpKRGQRW\Y\QiVREHQtP
matice skóre a matice relativního výskytu forem a surovin. Výsledné hodnoty se
SRK\EXMtYUR]PH]tQHMPpQNYDOLWQtYStSDGåHMVRX]DVWRXSHQ\MHQ
RGãWSN\]NHPHQF$DSURQHMNYDOLWQMãtVRXERU\SRNXGMVRXYQLFK]DVWRXSHQ\
þHSHOH]WåHQêFKURKRYF$=WDNWR]tVNDQêFKKRGQRW]QiPNXMtFtFKNYDOLWX
]SUDFRYiQtãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHYNDåGpPNRPSOH[XE\O\GiOHY\SRþWHQ\SU$PUQp
KRGQRW\SURNDåGRXIi]L9êVOHGNHPMHSRWRPSRVORXSQRVWSU$PUQêFKVNyUHNYDOLW\
VRXERU$ãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$SRGOHIi]t
3URIi]HDQHMVRXGRORåHQ\åiGQpDUWHIDNW\NODVLILNRYDWHOQpYUiPFLNRPSOH[$
GRP$9RVWDWQtFKIi]tFKGRVDKXMHVNyUHNYDOLW\QDGSU$PUQêFKKRGQRWWMPpQQHå
24
Y\MPDIi]tD9HOLNRVWVNyUHNROtViYXUþLWêFKQHQiKRGQêFKLQWHUYDOHFK
NWHUpGREHNRUHVSRQGXMtVGtYHIRUPXORYDQêPLREGREtPLRSXãWQtSRStSDG
REQRYHQtVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$QD]iNODGNHUDPLFNpFKURQRORJLH3RVX]XMHPHOLW\WR
~VHN\RGGOHQSRWRPMDNRW\SLFNêMH]HMPYêYRMRGIi]HNG\GRãORNSRVXQX
sídelního areálu ze sekce F na sekci B a A, do fáze 12, kdy byl tento sídelní areál
QDNUiWNRRSXãWQ.RHILFLHQWNYDOLW\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHYLGLWHOQNOHViFRå]QDPHQiåH
VHMHMtNYDOLWDYSU$EKXQHSHUXãRYDQpKRRVtGOHQt]OHSãXMH$QDORJLFNêWUHQGVH
projevuje také v úsecích 1.- 4. fáze, 18. - 20. fáze a 21. - 22. fáze.
3RQNXGRGOLãQêPRGHOYêYRMHSRVN\WXMHSRVORXSQRVWVNyUHYHIi]tFKNG\
NYDOLWDLQGXVWULHGRIi]HQDU$VWiDSRWRPRSWNOHVi3LWRPPH]LDIi]tVH
YNHUDPLFNpFKURQRORJLLQHSURMHYRYDORåiGQpSHUXãHQtQDVWHMQpPVtGHOQtPDUHiOX
3HGWtPWDNpYHIi]tFKGRãORNSRNOHVXNYDOLW\DFHOê~VHNIi]HE\VH
SURMHYRYDOREGREQMDNRSHGFKi]HMtFtQDUR]GtORGWRKRåHPH]LDIi]tMHY
NHUDPLFNpFKURQRORJLLMLVWêSHGO=iYUHþQêSRNOHVFHONRYpNYDOLW\ãWtSDQêFK
DUWHIDNW$Y]iYUXYêYRMHRVtGOHQtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXYDUHiOX%\ODQ\
VRXYLVtQHSRFK\EQVMHKRQiVOHGQêPRSXãWQtP
9êYRMRYp~VHN\Ii]tVHY]U$VWDMtFtNYDOLWRXDUWHIDNW$O]HGRSOQLWMLVWRXSUDYLGHOQRVWt
YHYêVN\WXMDGHUNWHUpVHVRXVWHXMtYMHMLFKSRþiWFtFK9MHMLFK]iYUXVHVStãH
Y\VN\WXMtMiGURYpRWORXNDþHGRNOiGDMtFtVHNXQGiUQtSRXåLWtRSRWHERYDQêFKMDGHU
&HONRYpNROtViQtVNyUHNYDOLW\PRKORYãDNEêWRYOLYQQRWDNpQDU$VWiQtPRGSDGX
EKHPQHSHUXãRYDQpKRRVLGORYiQtVWHMQpKRYêVHNXNUDMLQ\9WRPWRStSDGE\YãDN
E\ORPRåQRSHGSRNOiGDWDNXPXODFLSHGHYãtPRGãWSN$MDNRVHNXQGiUQtFK~ORPN$]
RSRWHERYDQêFKQiVWURM$-HSLWRPQXWQR]G$UD]QLWåHLQWHUSUHWRYDQêREUD]MH
]DORåHQMHQQDGDWHFK]HVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$GRP$1iOH]\]L]RORYDQêFKQHER
QHGDWRYDWHOQêFKMDPQHE\O\GRQKR]DKUQXW\REUD
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtâ,YV\VWpPXREåLY\D
GOE\SUiFH
'HVpQSUDFRYQtKRRVWt~KHORVWt
ÒKHORVWtMHSRNOiGiQ]DMHGHQ]XUþXMtFtFKNRUHOiW$Tringham 1973: 17) pro funkci
QiVWURMHDWHQWR~KHOMHVSHFLILFNêYU$]QêFKNXOWXUiFK=DKUQXMHPLWHOQRXRVWURVW
SUDFRYQtFKKUDQNWHUpPRKRXEêWVSHFLiOQXSUDYRYiQ\GRGDWHþQRXUHWXãtYWãLQRX
VHYãDNMHGQiRSLUR]HQpKUDQ\Y]QLNOpSLRGãWSRYiQtDUWHIDNW$Wilmsen 1968:
9HOLNRVWWRKRWR~KOXMDNRPtUDRVWURVWLQiVWURMHRGSRYtGiU$]QêPGUXK$P
]SUDFRYiYDQpKRPDWHULiOX3tPpPHQtSUDFRYQtFKKUDQE\ORY%\ODQHFKSURYHGHQR
MHQSURPHQãtSRþHWDUWHIDNW$DMHYGDWHFK]GHSRXåtYDQêFKQH~SOQpTringham 1973:
graph 25).
9êVOHGNHPSURPHQpKRY]RUNXDUWHIDNW$NRQFHPãHGHViWêFKOHWMHSRPUQ
MHGQRWQpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtNWHUpYãDNQHPXVtEêWYQLWQ]FHODKRPRJHQQt9
VRXODGXVWHKGHMãtPL]QDORVWPLE\O\LQWHUSUHWRYiQ\WLNDWHJRULHQiVWURM$V
RGSRYtGDMtFtPL~KO\RVWt$QRåHQDWYUGêLPNNêPDWHULiOo), B ãNUDEDGODQDPNNêPDWHULiOo), C - škrabadla (hoblíky) na tvrdý materiál
(>40o) (Tringham 1973: 7RWRGOHQt]HMPSRQNXG]MHGQRGXãXMHIXQNþQt
YêNODGPHWULN\DUWHIDNW$DOHVORXåtGREHMDNRSUYQtSLEOtåHQtNIXQNþQtLQWHUSUHWDFL
za daného stavu dat.
25
3tPpPHQt~KOXRVWtE\ORS$YRGQSURYHGHQRDVLQDMHGQpWHWLQDUWHIDNW$=DWtP
MHMQDKUD]XMHYêSRþHWWDQJHQW\~KOXGDQêSRPUHPYêãN\DSRORYLþQtãtN\DUWHIDNW$
7HQWRRGKDGGiYiYDEVROXWQtFKþtVOHFKSRQNXGY\ããtKRGQRW\WDNåHVNXWHþQê~KHO
EXGHPHQãt3HGSRNOiGiVHåHUHODFHPH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLDUWHIDNW\MVRX]DFKRYiQ\L
SLWRPWRQiKUDGQtPYêSRþWX7DQJHQV~KOXRVWtVHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tV
SU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXSURþHSHOHV 1 DSUR~ãWS\V
1 &HONRYMHWRWRUR]ORåHQtQHSUDYLGHOQpDKUDQLFHo a 40o odpovídají
]PQiPYMHKRSU$EKXREUDREUE
0DVLYQRVWDUWHIDNW$NWHUiURYQåNRUHOXMHVIXQNFtQiVWURM$MHPHQDMHMLFKYêãNRX
9êãNDþHSHOtVHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPPV
1 5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtãtN\þHSHOtMHYtFHPpQMHGQRPRGiOQt9êãND
~ãWS$VHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tPPVSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPPV 1
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtãtN\~ãWS$MHQHSUDYLGHOQp+UDQLFHPPRGSRYtGiSRNOHVX
YSU$EKXVSROHþQpKRUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtREUFREUG
3UDFRYQtVWRS\ROHãWQt
'$OHåLWêP]QDNHPSURVWDQRYHQtIXQNFHQiVWURM$MVRXU$]QpGUXK\PLNURVWRSMHå
Y]QLNDMtQDSRYUFKXDUWHIDNW$.QLPSDWtSHGHYãtPU$]QpUêåN\Y\ODPRYiQt
SRYUFKXDREURXãHQtNWHUpO]HSR]RURYDWSRGU$]QVLOQêP]YWãHQtPQDSUDFRYQtFK
KUDQiFKQiVWURM$Popelka 1999'tYMãtVWXGLH]$VWDOD]DWtPWRU]HPDMHMtYêVOHGN\
E\O\MLåVWUXþQSXEOLNRYiQ\/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHKODYQtVPU\þLQQRVWt]MLãWQpDVL
QDMHGQpWHWLQ]FHONRYpKRSRþWXGQHVGRVWXSQêFKQiOH]$VHEXGRXVKRGRYDW
QDPNNêPDWHULiOPDVRN$åHQDWYUGêPDWHULiODQDRUJDQLFNp
materiály, jako je sekání obilí (Tringham 1972: 1iOH]\WHKG\Y]iFQêFKYUWiþN$
VHUR]PQRåLO\SR]GMLMHQQHSDWUQRXPURXVURY7DE$1RYO]HGQHVMHQ
YêMLPHþQGRORåLWãLSN\YL]QtåHNDSWDE$WDE%WDE&
1HMQiSDGQMãtPPDNURVNRSLFNêPSURMHYHPRSRWHEHQtE\ORMLåRGSRþiWNXVOHGRYDQp
VUSRYpROHãWQtH]QpKUDQ\&HONHPE\ORVOHGRYiQRDUWHIDNW$SRGOHStWRPQRVWL
QHERDEVHQFHWRKRWRMHYX3LWRPQHE\O\]MLãWQ\VWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\YH
Y]WDKXNGDOãtPIXQNþQtP]QDN$PMDNRMVRX~KHORVWtDPDVLYQRVWDUWHIDNWX
7HVWRYDFtNULWHULXPPH]LDUWHIDNW\VROHãWQtPDEH]QKRYHY]WDKXNHWHPWtGiP
~KOXRVWtGDORKRGQRWXFKT GI S +RGQRWDWRKRWRNULWHULDPH]L
ROHãWQtPDGYPDWtGDPLYêãN\DUWHIDNW$E\ODSRQNXGY\ããtFKT GI S 1D]iNODGWRKRWRYêVOHGNXMHPRåQR~KHORVWtDMHKRPDVLYQRVW
SRNOiGDW]DGRVWDWHþQiNULWHULDSURQiVOHGXMtFtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFLDH[LVWHQFLROHãWQt
jen jako kriterium druhotné.
6WDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQêUR]GtOMHPH]LROHãWQtPD]iNODGQtPLIRUPDPL0H]LDUWHIDNW\
VROHãWQtPMHFD~ãWS$DþHSHOtFKT GI S 2OHãWQt
MHWHG\VWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQYi]iQRQDþHSHON\DOHY\VN\WXMHVHLQDMLVWpPSURFHQWX
~ãWS$7RRGSRYtGiXåLYDWHOVNpPXFKDUDNWHUXE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWNG\NDåGêWYDUE\O
Y\XåtYiQSRGOHSRWHE\DY]KOHGQHVRXYLVHOVMHKRIXQNFt]FHODMHGQR]QDþQ
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFLãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHY\WYiHMtSDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\NODVLILNDFH~KOX
RVWtDYêãN\DUWHIDNW$ÒKHORVWtMHQDKUD]HQWJÿDUR]GOHQQDKRGQRW\RGSRYtGDMtFt
~KO$Po - 30o, 30o - 40o DYtFHQHåo9êãNDDUWHIDNW$MHUR]GOHQDQDGYWtG\
26
GRPPDYtFHQHåPP9]QLNiWtPãHVWSDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGREUDNWHUp
MVRXR]QDþHQ\MDNRQRåHãNUDEDGODDKREOtN\NDåGiYHYDULDQWQt]NpDY\VRNp
5R]GOHQtDUWHIDNW$GiYiVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\FKT GI S
9FHONRYêFKSRþWHFKSHYOiGDMtQt]NpQRåHDY\VRNiãNUDEDGODFRåRGSRYtGi
SLUR]HQêPWYDU$PPRUIRORJLFNêFKWtG2NRORGHVHWLSURFHQWþLQtSRGtOY\VRNêFK
QRå$DQt]NêFKãNUDEDGHO1t]NpLY\VRNpKREOtN\MVRXSRPUQPiOR]DVWRXSHQ\
StSDGQWDE$
.
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtG
1t]NpQRåHDY\VRNiãNUDEDGODMVRXURYQåUHODWLYQQHMSRþHWQMãtYHYãHFKVtGHOQtFK
Ii]tFK.ROtViQtMHMLFKKRGQRWVH]GiEêWQiKRGQp3LVURYQiQtVLQWHUSUHWRYDQêPL
SRVXQ\YUiPFLVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$MHSRþHWNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$YHOPLQt]NêYH
Ii]tFKSHGKLiWHPIi]H]DWtPFRYQiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKREQRY\
QHERSRVXQXMHMLFKSRþHWLNG\åQHYåG\YêUD]QVWRXSQHIi]H
9WFKWRIi]tFKMVRXWDNpUHODWLYQGRVWLSRþHWQpKREOtN\DWRMDNQt]NpWDN]HMPpQD
Y\VRNpIi]H7RE\VRXKODVLORVLQWHUSUHWRYDQRXIXQNFtWFKWRWYDU$
SRXåtYDQêFKQDRSUDFRYiQtWYUGãtFKPDWHULiO$MDNRE\O\NRVWLDGHYRYGRENG\VH
REQRYRYDODVDGDQiVWURM$]WFKWRPDWHULiO$
/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHYHIi]tFKREQRY\RE\WQpKRDUHiOXE\ODSHGHYãtPYWãtSRWHED
YêURE\MLQêFKQiVWURM$]RUJDQLFNêFKKPRW&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtG
SRNXGMVRXQH]iYLVOHLQWHUSUHWRYiQ\QD]iNODGNHUDPLFNpFKURQRORJLHRGSRYtGi
SURWRNRQNUpWQtVNODGESUDFtYXUþLWpPRNDPåLWNXVStãHQHåGORXKRGREêPWUHQG$P
YêYRMHVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$3UYN\GHVpQXSRGOHSHGSRNODGXVOHGXMtIXQNþQt]PQ\D
QHPRKRXEêWFKURQRORJLFNêPNULWHULHPDOHVSRY~VHNXRVtGOHQtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQt
keramikou (tab. 1.4.4.A.).
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLNRPSOH[X6WDELOLWDDYDULDELOLWD
HNRQRPLFNêFKþLQQRVWt
1.5.1. Ekonomie získávání surovin
=GURMHVXURYLQãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHPRKRXEêWGtN\VSROHKOLYpPXXUþHQtSURYHQLHQFH
YWãLQ\DUWHIDNW$3LFK\VWDOUR]GOHQ\GRVNXSLQSRGOHY]GiOHQRVWLDVPUXRG
%\ODQ.YDQWLWDWLYQtUR]GtO\PH]LVNXSLQDPLMVRXPtUQVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT
36.680, d.f.= 21, p = 0.0183).
9HGOHPiORSRþHWQpVNXSLQ\PtVWQtFKVXURYLQMHMLFKå]GURMHVHQDFKi]HMtYRNUXKXFD
NPOHåtKODYQt]GURMHGUXKpKRSiVPDYRNUXKXQHMPpQNPDWHWtKR
SiVPDYRNUXKXYtFHQHåNP=GURMHYPtVWQtPRNUXKXE\O\GRVDåLWHOQpEKHP
MHGQRKRGQHDDGtVHVHPNHPHQ\NyGNLã"iORSiODFKDOFHGRQRYi
KPRWD=GURMH]HGUXKpKRSiVPDE\O\GRVDåLWHOQpNUiWNRGRERXYêSUDYRXiGRY
MHGHQWêGHQQHERMHGQRUi]RYRXYêPQRX3DWtVHPQD69SRUFHODQLWURKRYHF;
URKRYHFDVLOLFLWDåOLPQRNYDUFLWQD6=]iSDGRþHVNpNHPHQFH
W\SX6NUãtQ7XãLPLFH%HþRYGiOHOLPQRNYDUFLWDVOXiN
6PUHP-=QHMVRXGRORåHQ\åiGQp]GURMH]HVPUX-9SRFKi]HMtPRUDYVNp
NHPHQFH.UXPORYVNêOHV,D,,DGiOHNHPLþLWp]YWUDOLQ\KDGF$W\SX
Boskovštejn (19).
27
6XURYLQ\WHWtKRSiVPDE\O\GRVDåLWHOQpGORXKRGRERXYêSUDYRXiGRYQNROLND
WêGQ$QHERYtFHQiVREQRXVPQRX6HPVHDGtQD69SHGHYãtPVLOLFLW\NUDNRYVNR
þHQVWRFKRYVNpMXU\6.-DQD6=VLOLFLW\JODFLJHQQtFKVHGLPHQW$6*6
WMEDOWVNêQHERPRUpQRYêSD]RXUHN6NXSLQD6*6]DKUQXMHQHSRFK\EQ
KHWHURJHQQt]GURMH]OHGRYFRYêFKXVD]HQLQNWHUpQHO]H]DWtPEOtåHUR]OLãLWSRGOH
SHVQMãtSURYHQLHQFH3URWRE\O\]DKUQXW\VFKpPDWLFN\GRWHWtKRSiVPD]H6=]D
SHGSRNODGXåHE\O\WUDQVSRUWRYiQ\3RODEtP]HVWHGQtKR1PHFND-LVWiþiVWE\
YãDNPRKODSRFKi]HWL]HGUXKpKRSiVPDVHYHURYêFKRGQtKRVPUXSRNXGE\VH
SRWYUGLOSHGSRNODGRMHMLFKWUDQVSRUWX]'ROQtKR6OH]VNDDGiOHSRGpOKRUQtKR/DEH
3URWRåHSHWURJUDILFNpPHWRG\]DWtPWDNRYpWRUR]OLãHQtQHGRYROXMt]$VWDODFHOi
VNXSLQDEOtåHQHUR]GOHQD
'RWHWtKRSiVPD]-9VPUXSDWtRMHGLQOpQiOH]\UDGLRODULW$Yi]DQpQD
QHMVWDUãtRVtGOHQtD]-=VPUXQHSRþHWQpQiOH]\EDYRUVNêFKURKRYF$NWHUpVH
RUJDQLFN\Y\VN\WXMtDåRGSR]GQtKRVWXSQ/Q.DYtFHDåYQiVOHGXMtFtPYêYRML6W.
1D3O]HVNXMHRSURWLWRPXEDYRUVNêURKRYHF]QiPMDNRVWDQGDUGQtVRXþiVWVXURYLQ
MLåRGVWHGQtKRVWXSQ/Q.
6XURYLQ\]MLåQtFKVPU$MVRXYHYãHFK]iNODGQtFKIRUPiFKYPHQãLQ9êUD]QêMH
obraz relativního zastoupení surovin mezi jádry. Ze druhého pásma jsou jádra jen po
MHGQRPNXVHFRåSHGVWDYXMH6XURYLQ\YHIRUPMDGHUFK\Et]MLåQtFKVPU$
]DWRYWãLQDMLFKSRFKi]t]H6=MHOLYãHFKQDVXURYLQD6*6VPURYiQDRGWXG
D]H69YHVPV6.-/]H]WRKRXVRXGLWåH]EOLåãtFK]GURM$E\O\
GRSUDYRYiQ\SHGHYãtPKRWRYpQiVWURMHNWHUpE\O\]HMPSHGPWHPMHGQRUi]RYp
YêPQ\=HY]GiOHQMãtFK]GURM$SLFKi]HODãWDIHWRXVXURYLQDSURGRGDWHþQRXYêUREX
QDPtVW9StSDG6*6PRKO\%\ODQ\KUiWYêMLPHþQL]SURVWHGNRYDWHOVNRXUROLSUR
WXWRVXURYLQXVPUHPQDMLKRYêFKRGLech 1989: obr. 1) (tab. 1.5.1.A., obr. 1.5.1.a.).
$UWHIDNW\]IXQNþQtFKWtGE\O\Y\UiEQ\Y~PUQpPSRþWX]U$]QGRVWXSQêFK
VXURYLQ-HGQRWOLYpIXQNþQtW\S\VHOLãtSHYDåXMtFtVXURYLQRX1HMYtFHVHVRXVWHXMt
QDVXURYLQ\]H69PDOpQRåHPDOiLYHONiãNUDEDGODDYHONpKREOtN\9êMLPNRX
MVRXYHONpQRåHMHMLFKåQHMPpQSRORYLQDE\OD]KRWRYHQD]HVHYHURþHVNêFK
NHPHQF$WMVHYHUR]iSDGQtFKVXURYLQGUXKpKRSiVPD6HYHUR]iSDGQtVXURYLQ\
WHWtKRSiVPDSHYDåXMtYHVNXSLQPDOêFKKREOtN$5R]GtO\PH]LIXQNþQtPL
skupinami a zdroji surovin jsou také málo statisticky významné (chq = 27.906, d.f. =
14, p = 0.0146) (tab. 1.5.1.B., obr. 1.5.1.b.).
.
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRPHFK
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDIXQNþQtFKVNXSLQE\PODEêWLQGH[HP]iNODGQtNODVLILNDFH
þLQQRVWtNWHUpY\NRQiYDOLRE\YDWHOpGRP$U$]QpKRURGXDYNX3URWRE\O\RG
KODYQtFKIXQNþQtFKWtGRGGOHQ\DUWHIDNW\VROHãWQtPMDNRSt]QDNVUSRYêFKRVWt
NWHUiLQGLNXMtSHGHYãtPåHQVNRXþiVWSRSXODFH(Löhr - Zimmermann - Hahn 1977:
-DNRPRUIRORJLFN\YêUD]QpDUWHIDNW\E\O\SRWRPNIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFLSLSRMHQ\
vrtáky a šipky. Tato klasifikace však nedává v závislosti na domech s jednoduchou a
]GYRMHQRXþiVWtVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\]tVNDQêFKKRGQRWFKT GI
16, p = 0.7849).
5HODWLYQtSRGtOIXQNþQtFKW\S$QDMHGHQG$PVMHGQRGXFKRXQHER]GYRMHQRXVWHGQt
þiVWtVHSURMHYXMHMHQPtUQ]YêãHQêPLKRGQRWDPLXGRP$VH]GYRMHQRXþiVWt7DP
NGHMHQiOH]$PiORPpQQHåEXWRUR]GtO\QHMVRXãLSN\YUWiN\QHERMVRX
QHSU$ND]Qp)PDOpKREOtN\0tUQ]YêãHQiSU$PUQiKRGQRWDMHXPDOêFKQRå$X
28
RVWDWQtFKIXQNþQtFKW\S$VHWRWR]YêãHQtSRK\EXMHPH]L±9êMLPNRXMVRX
YHONpKREOtN\NWHUêFKMHYGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWtYSU$PUXYtFHQHå
GYRMQiVREQpPQRåVWYt
6LWXDFHVHSRGREiSRPU$PYUiPFLIRUPiOQtFKW\S$VURYNDS
3HGSRNOiGiOLVHYWFKWRGRPHFKGYRMQiVREQêSRþHWRE\YDWHOQHPXVtVHMHGQDWR
OLQHiUQt]GYRMQiVREHQtYãHFKIXQNFt0DOpQRåHVORXåtFtSLStSUDYURVWOLQQpSRWUDY\
YNXFK\QLPRKO\GRVWDþRYDWYGDQpPSRþWXLSLYWãtPPQRåVWYtVWUiYQtN$
1DSURWLWRPXSRþHWYHONêFKKREOtN$VORXåtFtFKSLREUiEQtWYUGêFKPDWHULiO$Y
UXNRXPXå$R]QDþXMHUHODWLYQY\ããtSRþHWMHMLFKXåLYDWHO$YWFKWRGRPHFK8
RVWDWQtFKW\S$NWHUpQHE\O\IXQNþQ]FHODMHGQR]QDþQY\KUDQQ\VHMHMLFK
NYDQWLWDWLYQtY]WDKNURGXXåLYDWHO$SURMHYLOSRGOHWRKRWRYêVOHGNXQHOLQHiUQ
)XQNFHQiVWURM$URGDYNRE\YDWHOGRP$
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIXQNþQtFKW\S$YSURVWRUXVtGHOQtFKIi]tUHVSHNWXMHU$]Qi
KOHGLVND)XQNþQtW\S\MVRXUR]ORåHQ\]HMPSRGOHURGXXåLYDWHO$DIXQNFH9
SUYQtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\VWRMtSURWLVREYêUD]QKURWDYUWiN\QDMHGQp
VWUDQDDUWHIDNW\VROHãWQtPQDGUXKpVWUDQ2GGOXMHWDNIXQNFHNWHUpMVRXYi]iQ\
QDURGXåLYDWHO$9SURVWRUXSUYQtKRDWHWtKRIDNWRUXVHMHGQRWOLYpIi]HVHVNXSXMt
XSURVWHGGRMHGQpVNXSLQ\DQDH[WUpPQtFKSR]LFtFKMVRXIi]HDVWåLãWPY
PXåVNêFKþLQQRVWHFKVWåLãWPYåHQVNêFKþLQQRVWHFKWDE$REU
1.5.3.a.).
6WHMQiGDWDDQDO\]RYDQiYSURVWRUXGRP$GiYDMtMLQpYêVOHGN\'UXKêIDNWRU
% variability) odpovídá prvnímu faktoru z prostoru fází. V rámci prvního faktoru
(51.3 % variability) je odlišen komplex domu 3199 s malým hoblíkem od ostatních
NRPSOH[$VHYãHPLRVWDWQtPLQiVWURMLDYãDNWRVDPRPiORSLVStYiNMHKRYFQp
LQWHUSUHWDFL6StãHVH]GiåHWHQWRREUD]MHVLOQ]NUHVOHQPpQVSROHKOLYêP
NRPSOH[HPGRPX0DOpKREOtN\MVRXXSURVWHGYDULDELOQtFKW\S$GUXKpKRL
WHWtKRIDNWRUX'UXKêIDNWRUSLSDGiQDIXQNFHYi]DQpNURGXXåLYDWHO$
NWHUpVHYWpWRVNXSLQNRPSOH[$SLDEVHQFLKURW$LYUWiN$SURMHYXMtMDNRNRQWUDVW
PH]LYHONêPLQRåLDDUWHIDNW\VROHãWQtP
9êNODGWHWtKRIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\E\PXVHOVSRþtYDWQDLQWHUSUHWDFL
VSROHþHQVNp~ORK\YHONêFKKREOtN$NWHUpY\þOHXMtNRPSOH[\GRP$D2ED
GRP\MVRXGRFKRYiQ\YHOPLWRUVRYLWDYHOLNRVWMHMLFKVWHGRYpþiVWLQHQt]QiPD7DY
MLQêFKStSDGHFKRYOLYXMHYêVN\WWpWRVNXSLQ\QiVWURM$YL]YêãHNDS0RKOR
E\VHMHGQDWRIDNWRUNWHUêY\PH]XMHYNRYpVNXSLQ\RE\YDWHOGRP$9WRPStSDG
E\YHONpKREOtN\SDWLO\VStãHVWDUãtPPXå$PDYHONpQRåHVStãHPODGãtPPXå$PMDNR
DNWLYQtSUYHNPH]LQiVWURMLQHERGRNRQFH]EUD=EêYDMtFtVWHGQtVNXSLQDU$]QêFK
IXQNþQtFKW\S$E\VHY]WDKRYDODNRE\YDWHO$PVWHGQtKRYNX7DPWDNpVSDGi
YWãLQDNRPSOH[$6WDUãtPXåLE\SRGOHWRKRSHYOiGDOLMHQYGRPHFKD
PODGãtPXåLQDRSDNYGRPREUE
,QIRUPDþQtREVDKâ,]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\DGLVNRQWLQXLW\Y
WHFKQLNiFKD]DEH]SHþHQtREåLY\YUiPFLIi]HDPH]LQLPL
)XQNþQtWtG\YSURVWRUXIi]t
5HODWLYQtYêVN\WIXQNþQtFKWtGDUWHIDNW$E\OVOHGRYiQYSRVORXSQRVWLYãHFKIi]t
2SURWLSHGFKi]HMtFtPXXVSRiGiQtE\O\Y\QHFKiQ\H[WUpPQtW\S\WMKURWDYUWiN\
MDNRLQGH[\PXåVNpVORåN\þLQQRVWtDDUWHIDNW\VOHVNHP7\MVRXSURWLYiKRXåHQVNp
29
VORåN\þLQQRVWtDPRUIRORJLFN\SHNUêYDMtYãHFKQ\RVWDWQtW\S\1HQt]DVWRXSHQD
Ii]HYQtåVHQDFKi]HMtMHQ]WRKRWRKOHGLVNDQHNODVLILNRYDWHOQp~ãWS\2SURWL
kapitole o skóre kvality zpracování jsou data také pro 1. fázi, kam je zahrnut i nález z
MiP\VURYNDSNGHE\O\XYDåRYiQ\MHQQiOH]\]HVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$
V prostoru prvního (32.5 % variability) a druhého (27.8 % variability) faktoru
NRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\MVRXGDWD]YêFKR]tNRQWLQJHQþQtWDEXON\Ii]H[
IXQNþQtW\S\IIXVSRiGiQ\GR]KUXEDWtVNXSLQ0LPRQVHQDFKi]tIi]H
NWHUiMDNRQiVWXSQtIi]HRVtGOHQtQHY\ND]XMH]HMPMHãWSHGSRNOiGDQRXNRQWLQXLWX
þLQQRVWt9WãLQDRVWDWQtFKIi]tMHVRXVWHGQDXSURVWHGWRKRWRSURVWRUX%H]RKOHGX
QDPRåQRXGHWDLOQtLQWHUSUHWDFLSUYQtKRDGUXKpKRIDNWRUXNWHUiE\PODEêWY
UR]VDKXVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNp~ORK\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHRGSRYtGiWRWRD]HQt
SHGSRNOiGDQpNRQWLQXLWKRVSRGiVNpDNWLYLW\QDVtGOLãWL6URYYêãHDNGHE\O
GUXKêIDNWRULQWHUSUHWRYiQMDNRURGRYêDSUYQt]$VWDOEH]YêNODGX
,QWHUSUHWDFHGUXKêFKGYRXVNXSLQIi]tVSRþtYiY~OR]HDUWHIDNW$VY\ããtP~KOHPRVWt
NWHUpE\O\R]QDþHQ\MDNRPDOpQHERQt]NpStSDGQYHONpQHERY\VRNpKREOtN\6
SUYQtPLVHVSRMXMtDIi]HVGUXKêPLDIi]H9WFKWRIi]tFKE\O\
]HMPYHGOHVWDQGDUGQtFKþLQQRVWtVSRMHQêFKVREåLYRXSURYR]RYiQ\YH]YêãHQpPtH
þLQQRVWLY\åDGXMtFtRSUDFRYiQtWYUGêFKPDWHULiO$3HGVWDYXMtSRGOHWRKRREGREt
]YêãHQpSRWHE\GDOãtFKGHYQêFKQHERNRVWQêFKQiVWURM$DSHGPW$.GDOãtPX
YêNODGXStþLQQêFKVRXYLVORVWtYãDNVDPRWQiIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHãWtSDQêFKQiVWURM$
QHGRVWDþXMHREUD
)XQNþQtWtG\YSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$
'HWDLOQtFKRYiQtIXQNþQtFKW\S$E\OR]NRXPiQRYHVNXSLQQiVOHGQêFKIi]tVWHGQtKR
DPODGãtKRVWXSQRGGOHQ9SURVWRUXSUYQtKRDGUXKpKRIDNWRUX
Y]QLNOR]iNODGQtMiGURIXQNþQtFKW\S$NWHUpWYRtPDOpQRåHPDOiãNUDEDGODD
DUWHIDNW\VROHãWQtP'RWpWRVNXSLQ\VHDGtSRWRPNRPSOH[\GRP$
D7XWR]iNODGQtIXQNþQtVDGXMHPRåQRLQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRKODYQtQiVWURMH
SRGtOHMtFtVHQDStSUDYD]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\SHYiåQYUXNRXåHQ'RP\
FKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpWRXWR]iNODGQtIXQNþQtVDGRXY\WYiHMtMDNpVL]KOHGLVNDREåLY\
MiGURVtGHOQtKRPLNURDUHiOXYNDåGpIi]L.QLPVHGDMtSLSRMLWYROQMLGRP\
680, 525 a 620.
2NROR]iNODGQtIXQNþQtVDG\VHVGUXåXMtGRP\DFKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpVStãH
velkými škrabadly a velkými "hoblíky". Ty lze interpretovat jako domy, kde se vedle
SRWUDYLQ]SUDFRYiYDO\LGDOãtPDWHULiO\3RQNXGRVDPRFHQOHåtG$PYHY]WDKXN
YHONêPQRå$P7\E\O\YêãHSLSViQ\VStãHPXå$PPODGãtKRYNXMHMLFKåSRþHWY
WRPWRGRPPRKOEêWY\ããtQHåYRVWDWQtFKREUD
3RGREQêP]S$VREHPMHLQWHUSUHWRYiQRXVSRiGiQtGRP$YQNROLNDQiVOHGQêFK
Ii]tFKPODGãtKRVWXSQ=iNODGQtIXQNþQtMiGURYSURVWRUXSUYQtKRDGUXKpKR
IDNWRUXVHVNOiGi]PDOêFKQRå$DUWHIDNW$VROHãWQtPDWHQWRNUiW]YHONêFK
ãNUDEDGHOPtVWRPDOêFKMDNRYSHGFKi]HMtFtPStSDG.HVNXSLQ]iNODGQtVDG\
QiVWURM$SUR]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\SDWtGRP\D2G
QtVHRGGOXMtYêUD]QDWRYSUYQtPIDNWRUXG$PVPDOêPLKREOtN\DYHGUXKpP
faktoru domy 619 a 933 s malými škrabadly.
3RX]HYHGUXKpPUR]PUXO]HRGOLãLWYWãtVNXSLQXGRP$VYHONêPLKREOtN\NDPVH
DGtGRP\D]Ii]HDGRP\D]HIi]H
1HYêUD]QRGGOHQRXVNXSLQXWYRtGRP\D]Ii]HFKDUDNWHUL]RYDQp
30
YUWiþN\DYHONêPLQRåL3RVOHGQtGYVNXSLQ\E\PRKO\SHGVWDYRYDWSHYDKXVWDUãtFK
QHERQDRSDNPODGãtFKPXå$YXYHGHQêFKGRPHFKREUE
6RXKUQQO]HtFLåHIXQNþQtW\S\ãWtSDQêFKQiVWURM$UHSUHVHQWXMtYHIi]tFKVWHGQtKR
VWXSQSHYDKXþLQQRVWtVSRMHQêFKEH]SURVWHGQVH]tVNiYiQtPREåLY\D]SUDFRYiQtP
SRWUDY\9PODGãtPVWXSQLVH]SRKOHGXãWtSDQêFKQiVWURM$SURMHYXMHYWãtUR]PDQLWRVW
þLQQRVWtDGOE\SUiFH=QDPHQDORWRQHMVStãHåHVHUR]YtMHOR]SUDFRYiYiQtU$]QêFK
MLQêFKPDWHULiO$NWHUpQHVRXYLVHO\EH]SURVWHGQVH]tVNiYiQtPREåLY\9]URVWOWDNp
]HMPSRGtOWFKWRþLQQRVWtSURYiGQêFKPXåL
6W\OWHFKQRORJLHãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHYNRQWH[WXLGHMtDSHGVWDY
6PUDVtOD~GHUX
.Yê]QDPQêPVW\OLVWLFNêP]QDN$PNWHUpFKDUDNWHUL]XMt]S$VREYêURE\ãWtSDQp
LQGXVWULHSDWtVPUDVtOD~GHUX2EDXND]XMtQHMHQQDLQGLYLGXiOQtWHFKQLN\DOH
SHGHYãtPQDNXOWXUQSRGPtQQêVW\ORGãWSRYiQt7RMHY%\ODQHFKG$OHåLWp
SURWRåHO]HMHQYêMLPHþQKRYRLWR]KRWRYLWHOtFK]DGRE\YDWHOYDUHiOX1DGUXKp
VWUDQMHFKDUDNWHULQGXVWULHNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXMHGQRWQêQDYWãLQVtGOLã"
WDNåHO]HVNXWHþQPOXYLWRVSROHþQpPVW\OXYêURE\9êUREN\QDXåLYDWHOVNpPVtGOLãWL
SRWRPSHGVWDYXMtMDNêVLY]RUHNWRKRWRVW\OXYQPåVHORNiOQt]Y\NORVWLPRKRX
SURMHYLWMHQYêMLPHþQSRNXGY$EHFVH]GHQNG\Y\VN\WOMHGLQHFNWHUêVLWDNRYRXMLå
VSHFLDOL]RYDQRX]UXþQRVWRVYRMLO9êUREDãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHP$åHEêWSRYDåRYiQD]D
jedno zSUYQtFKVSHFLDOL]RYDQêFKHPHVHOQHER"E\ODQHMVWDUãt9%\ODQHFKVH
MHGQDORRStOHåLWRVWQRXGUXKRWQRXQHERGRSONRYRX~SUDYXQiVWURM$
6PU~GHUXMHPLWHOQêSRORKRXERGX~GHUXYPLQLPiOQtPþWYHUFLNWHUêMHGiQ
ãtNRXDUWHIDNWX(Zimmermann 1988: 9HVPUX~GHUXEêYiWDNpRULHQWRYiQ
EXOEXVStSDGQVWRSDSRMHKRRGORPHQt7HQWR]QDNE\OY%\ODQHFKDåQDYêMLPN\
VOHGRYiQSHGHYãtPQDþHSHOtFKSURWRåH~ãWS\O]HMHQREWtåQRULHQWRYDWSRGOH
GORXKpVWUDQ\=WRKRY\SOêYiåHVW\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHE\ODSURYHGHQDMHQSUR
þHSHOH6PU~GHUXLQGLNXMH~GHU]OHYDQHER]SUDYDDYãDNQHLQGLNXMHSHVQML
StSDGQRXOHYRUXNRVWYêUREF$NWHURXVHVQDåLODVOHGRYDW$&ORVH1978: 227). Lze
]WåtUR]KRGQRXW]GDþHSHOHE\O\RGãWSRYiQ\QDSLYUiFHQpQHERRGYUiFHQpVWUDQ
MiGUDNWHUpYêUREFHGUåHOSHGVHERX9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVHREYDULDQW\Y\VN\WXMt
YH]KUXEDY\URYQDQpPSRPUX-HGQiVHWHG\YODVWQRþW\LQHUR]OLãLWHOQpVPU\
~GHUXNWHUpPRKO\EêWVXUþLWêPRPH]HQtPSURYiGQ\LVWHMQRXUXNRX]D
SHGSRNODGXIRUHQKHQGRYpKRDEDFNKDQGRYpKR~GHUX
6tOD~GHUXDGUXKSRXåLWpKRRWORXNDþHVHP$åHSURMHYLWSHGHYãtPQDH[LVWHQFLEXOEX
SRStSDGGDOãtFKGHWDLOHFKRGãWSRYiQtMDNRMHSRãNR]HQt~GHURYpKUDQ\QHERWYDU
:DOOQHURYêFKOLQLt-L]YDSREXOEXQHPXVtEêWEH]SURVWHGQtPGRNODGHPWYUGpKR
RWORXNDþHDQLQHPXVtEêWYHYãHFKStSDGHFKSt]QDNHPVLOQpKR~GHUXZimmermann
1988: 1DE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXQHE\O\VOHGRYiQ\YãHFKQ\GHWDLO\]QLFKåQNWHUp
Y\åDGXMtGRVWDWHþQp]YWãHQtDOHSRX]HH[LVWHQFHEXOEXDML]Y\SRQPDE\O\
]MHGQRGXãHQR]QDþHQ\MDNRVODEêDVLOQê~GHU=SHVQQtE\VLY\åiGDOR
SRGUREQMãtKRH[SHULPHQWiOQtKRVWXGLD
6PU~GHUXE\ONODVLILNRYiQQDþHSHOtDOHMHQQD~ãWS$9StSDGþHSHOt
SRGtOOHYpKR~GHUXMHQQHSDWUQSHY\ãXMHSRGtOSUDYpKR~GHUX
%XOEXVE\ONODVLILNRYiQQDþHSHOtD~ãWSHFK9StSDGþHSHOtMHYH
EXOEXV]DFKRYiQDYH]$VWDODML]YD9StSDG~ãWS$MHVH
zachovaným bulbem a 30.9 % s jizvou (tab. 1.7.1.A.).
31
1.7.2. Styl retuše
=iPUQiUHWXãMHSRNOiGiQD]DKODYQtVW\OLVWLFNêSURMHYSR]RURYDWHOQêQDãWtSDQp
industrii (Tringham 1972: 143, Close 1978: 3URWRåHE\ODQVNiLQGXVWULHVH
QHY\]QDþXMHStOLãYHONRXYDULDELOLWRXU$]QêFKGUXK$DXPtVWQtUHWXãHMDNpPRKRX
EêWQDStNODGUR]OLãRYiQ\Y3RUêQtZimmermann 1988: MHXYDåRYiQDMHQ
]iNODGQtVLWXDFHDUWHIDNW$PRGLILNRYDQêFKUHWXãtDQHPRGLILNRYDQêFK3UDFRYQtUHWXã
SDWUQiQDSUDFRYQtFKKUDQiFKMDNRMHMLFKQHSUDYLGHOQpY\OiPiQtVHSLþtWiN
QHPRGLILNRYDQpYDULDQW
=FHONRYpKRSRþWXMHDVLMHGQDWHWLQDPRGLILNRYDQêFKDUWHIDNW$GYWHWLQ\MVRX
QHPRGLILNRYiQ\]iPUQRXUHWXãt6SHFLILFNp~SUDY\YUWiN$QHERKURW$MVRXVStãH
YêMLPHþQp3RQNXGMLQêSRPUO]HSR]RURYDWX]iNODGQtFKIRUHPýHSHOtMH
UHWXãRYiQRSRQNXGYtFHQHåMHGQDWHWLQD]DWR~ãWS$SRGVWDWQPpQQHåMHGQD
SWLQD5R]GtO\PH]LYêVN\WHPUHWXãHD]iNODGQtFKIRUHPMVRXVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQp
(chq = 29.411, d.f. = 3, p = 0.0).
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHþHSHOt
=QDN\SRXåLWpSURVW\OLVWLFNRXNODVLILNDFLMVRXGRVWLSRGUREQpDYG$VOHGNXWRKRWRVH
VQLåXMHFHONRYêSRþHWDUWHIDNW$NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKSRGOHYãHFK]YROHQêFKNULWHULt=H
YãHFKQDOH]HQêFKþHSHOtE\ORKRGQRFHQRMHQDUWHIDNW$5HODWLYQtSRGtO
PRGLILNRYDQêFKQiVWURM$VHYHVNXSLQOHYpKRDSUDYpKR~GHUXOLãtDOHYMHMLFKUiPFL
MHSURVLOQê~GHUWHQWRSRGtOMHQPiORYWãtQHåSURVODEê~GHU6W\O~GHUXMHSRGOH
VPUXY\URYQDQêOHYêMHQQHSDWUQSHY\ãXMHSUDYê0RGLILNRYDQêFKQiVWURM$MHX
levého úderu asi 20 %, u pravého úderu jen okolo 10 %.
$þNROLYOHYê~GHUQH]QDPHQiåHE\RGãWSRYiQtE\ORSURYiGQROHYRXUXNRXMHV
QtPVSRMHQDþDVWMãt]iPUQiUHWXã/HYê~GHUPRKOEêWWDNpSURYHGHQSUDYRXUXNRX
StPRSLRGEtMHQtMiGUDXWODQHERQHStPRSLRGEtMHQtMiGUDRGWOD-HVWOLåH
Y\YROiYDORYWãtSRWHEXGRGDWHþQpUHWXãHWYDUXSRWRPE\WR]QDPHQDORåHWHQWR
]S$VREE\OPpQUXWLQQtDMHKRYêVOHGN\PpQ]DUXþHQpQHåXSUDYpKR~GHUX3RNXG
E\VHDOHVNXWHþQMHGQDORRRGEtMHQtOHYRXUXNRXSRWRPE\WRQHE\ORY\VYWOLWHOQp
PHQãt]UXþQRVWtQHåXSUDYiN$WDE$
1.7.4. Chronologická variabilita stylistické klasifikace
=FKURQRORJLFNpKRKOHGLVNDMHQHGRVWDWHNNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKQiOH]$MHãWFLWHOQMãt
QHåX]iNODGQtNODVLILNDFH=iNODGQtPLWUHQG\UHWXãRYDQêFKQiVWURM$VH]DEêYDOMLå-
/HFKNWHUêXNi]DONROtViQtWpWRNDWHJRULHLQD~URYQLYHOPLKUXEêFKþDVRYêFKREGREt
jako jsou vývojové etapy LnK (Lech 1989: REU9HIi]tFKNGHMHFHONRYQt]Nê
SRþHWQiOH]$SHYOiGDMtQHNODVLILNRYDWHOQpNXV\1HMþHWQMãtMVRXDUWHIDNW\Y\UREHQp
levým slabým úderem a nemodifikované další retuší (31.9 %), po nich následují
DUWHIDNW\Y\UREHQpSUDYêPVLOQêP~GHUHPDURYQåQHXSUDYHQpGRGDWHþQRXUHWXãt
ýDVRYiYDULDELOLWDVW\OLVWLFNêFKW\S$MHYSU$EKXVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t]FHOD
QHSUDYLGHOQiDQHO]HSR]RURYDWQLMDNpMDVQMãtYêYRMRYpWUHQG\DWRDQLYStSDGåH
MVRXY\QHFKiQ\Ii]HVQLåãtPSRþWHPNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$9MHGQRWOLYêFK
Ii]tFKVHY\VN\WXMHYXUþLWpPSRþWXYWãLQDVW\OLVWLFNêFKW\S$&K\Et]FHODQiVWURMH
SURYHGHQpOHYêPVLOQêP~GHUHPDQHUHWXãRYDQp0iORþHWQpMVRXQiVWURMHSURYHGHQp
VODEêP~GHUHP]SUDYDDUHWXãRYDQp7\VHREMHYXMtDåYPODGãtFKIi]tFKWDE
1.7.4.A.).
32
1.8. 6\PEROLFNiKRGQRWDãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHDStEX]HQVNpQHERSUDFRYQt
skupiny v odlišném stylistickém projevu
3URWRW\S\þHSHOtD~ãWS$
-DNRSURWRW\SMHPRåQRR]QDþLWW\DUWHIDNW\NWHUpY]iNODGQtFKWYDURYêFK]QDFtFK
MDNRMHGpONDDãtNDY\ND]XMtGRVWDWHþQRXVWDELOLWX8UþLWiNRPELQDFHGpON\DãtN\
NWHUiVHSUDYLGHOQRSDNXMHVLJQDOL]XMHYGRPpXWYiHQtQiVWURMHDMHKR
SURJUDPRYDQRXVW\OL]DFLýHWQRVWLþHSHOtVHYSURVWRUXGpON\DãtN\VRXVWHXMtGR
SRPUQãLURNpKRUR]SWtMHåPiYtFHPpQMHGQRWQpMiGURYêVN\WXYUR]SWtãtN\RG
GRPPDGpON\RGGRPP5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYêVN\WXMHGQRWOLYêFK
NRPELQDFtWYDURYêFK]QDN$NOHViYHOPLSUXGFHVMLVWêP]ORPHPYþHWQRVWLNXV$
3URWRåHYêUREDþHSHOtPRKODEêWRYOLYQQDFHORXDGRXQiKRGQêFKþLQLWHO$SRþtQDMH
QHVWHMQRX]UXþQRVWtYêUREF$DåSRVSHFLILFNRXSHGVWDYXXåLYDWHO$RYKRGQpPWYDUX
þHWQRVWNXV\MHãWSRQHFKiQDVWUDQRXMDNRQiKRGQêSURMHY7HSUYHRGþHWQRVWL
NXV$VWHMQpKRSRPUXGpON\DãtN\MHWYDUR]QDþHQMDNRSURWRW\SþHSHOt7YDU\NWHUp
VHVGRVWDWHþQRXþHWQRVWtY\VN\WXMtPLPRMiGURQHMYWãtNRQFHQWUDFHRGSRYtGDMt
PtVWQtPRUIRORJLFNpYDULDELOLW9SURVWRUXGpON\DãtN\VHWDNQHY\WYiHMtåiGQi
SLUR]HQiVHVNXSHQtWYDU$MHåGRYRORYDODGDOãtNODVLILNDFLSURWRW\S$WDE$
obr. 1.8.1.a.).
2EGREQêP]S$VREHPMVRXGHILQRYiQ\SURWRW\S\~ãWS$5R]SW\OþHWQRVWtMHMLFK
YêVN\WXYSURVWRUXGpON\DãtN\MHYWãtQHåXþHSHOtFRåRGSRYtGiPHQãt
VWDQGDUGL]DFL~ãWS$MDNR]iNODGQtIRUP\ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULH-iGURQHMY\ããtþHWQRVWL
QHQtWDNpSUR~ãWS\WDNKRPRJHQQtMDNRYStSDGþHSHOtDYãDNQHGiYiURYQå
SRGNODGSURQMDNRXSRGUREQMãtNODVLILNDFLSURWRW\S$9êMLPNRXMVRXPDOp~ãWS\R
ãtFHGRPPDGpOFHGRPPNWHUpWYRtVDPRVWDWQRXRGGOHQRXVNXSLQNX0OD
E\YãDNEêWVStãHNODVLILNRYiQDGRNDWHJRULHRGãWSN$QHå~ãWS$SURWRåHVLO]H
SHGVWDYLWåHRGãWSN\DåSRPLNURGHELWiåEXGRXSRNUêYDWSURGORXåHQêSURVWRUY
VRXDGQLFtFKGpON\DãtN\YWRPWRVPUXWDE%REUE
1.8.2. Prototypy štípané industrie ve fázích a v komplexech
3URWRW\S\þHSHOtL~ãWS$E\O\]DKUQXW\GRMHGQpVNXSLQ\DY\MiGHQMHMLFKSRGtOY
FHONRYpPYêVN\WXãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHXMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$DYMHGQRWOLYêFKVtGHOQtFK
Ii]tFK9êVOHGQpXVSRiGiQtDYDULDELOLWXPH]LIi]HPLStSDGQPH]LVRXþDVQêPL
GRP\O]HLQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRSURMHYVWDQGDUGL]DFHLQGXVWULHYG$VOHGNXGRVDåHQpKR
VWXSQVSROHþHQVNpYêPQ\LQIRUPDFtDWRMDNYHYHUWLNiOQtPFKURQRORJLFNpP
UR]PUXWDNLYKRUL]RQWiOQtFKY]WD]tFKPH]LURGLQQêPLMHGQRWNDPLMHGQRWOLYêFK
GRP$
9êVN\WSURWRW\S$PH]LIi]HPLQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ]FHODQHSUDYLGHOQNROtViFRå
VYGþtRQt]NpPVWXSQLVWDQGDUGL]DFHLQGXVWULH-LQêPLVORY\E\E\ORPRåQRKRYRLWR
QHVRXVWDYQpYêPQLQIRUPDFtPH]LQiVOHGQêPLJHQHUDFHPLRE\YDWHO-HQY
QNWHUêFKIi]tFKGRVDKXMHMHMLFKSRGtOFHONRYpKRSU$PUXYHIi]tFKNWHUêþLQt
YãHFKDUWHIDNW$9HIi]tFKVWHGQtKRVWXSQWHQWRSRGtONROtViRNRORFRå
SHY\ãXMHFHONRYêSU$PU9êMLPNRXMHIi]HDIi]H=DWtPFR
YSUYQtPStSDGVHSURWRW\S\URYQRPUQY\VN\WXMtYHYãHFKNRPSOH[HFKIi]HY
GUXKpPStSDGVHMHGQiRNRQFHQWUDFLSURWRW\S$YGRPDYQNWHUêFKMDPiFK
16. fáze.
33
9HIi]tFKPODGãtKRDSR]GQtKRVWXSQSRGtOSURWRW\S$PtUQNOHVi-HQYHIi]L
MVRXYãHFKQ\RSWVRXVWHGQ\GRMHGQRKRNRPSOH[XGRPX9SHGFKi]HMtFt
Ii]LE\O\UR]ORåHQ\YHYãHFKNRPSOH[HFKLNG\åYUR]SWtRGGR.ROtViQt
SRGtOXSURWRW\S$YUiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKNRPSOH[$E\E\ORPRåQRY\VYWOLWVQDG
UR]GtOQRXGRERXSRXåtYiQtQiVWURM$/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHVDG\QiVWURM$E\O\
QHVWHMQRPUQREQRYRYiQ\DåHMHMLFKGORXKRGREMãtSRXåtYiQtPOR]DQiVOHGHN
XUþLWRXGHJUDGDFLSUDYLGHOQêFKIRUHP0$åHWRYãDNEêWWDNpMHQMHGHQ]PRåQêFK
YêNODG$2GSRYtGDMtFtIRUP\QHGRVWDWHþQpYêPQ\LQIRUPDFtPH]LGRP\O]HMHQ
REWtåQNRQNUHWL]RYDW1HO]HY\ORXþLWåHY\ããtSRGtOSURWRW\S$PRKOEêWWDNpYêUD]HP
SUHVWLåQtKRSRVWDYHQtRE\YDWHOQNWHUêFKGRP$REUD
1.8.3. Vrtáky a šipky
0H]LVW\OLVWLFN\QiSDGQpWYDU\O]HSRþtWDWYUWiN\DKURW\9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXPi
MHQRVPDUWHIDNW$YêUD]QRXUHWXãSRGOHQtåMVRXLQWHUSUHWRYiQ\MDNRYUWiN\3RFKi]HMt
]Ii]tD1HMVRXPRUIRORJLFN\StOLãY\KUDQQpVStãHS$VREtMDNR
QHVWDQGDUGL]RYDQiVNXSLQD]DKURFHQêFKQiVWURM$=DW\SLFNpO]HR]QDþLWDUWHIDNW\]
REMHNW$BYA1: 191) a 852 (BYA2: NWHUpVHY\]QDþXMtY\UHWXãRYDQêP
]~åHQêPKURWHPNWHUêMHYRERXStSDGHFKRGORPHQê5HWXãE\ODYãDNYHGHQD]H
VWHMQpVWUDQ\QDRERXERFtFKKURWXQLNROLY]SURWLOHKOêFKVWUDQMDNE\POREêWY
StSDGSUDYpKRYUWiþNX=REMHNW$BYA2: 296) a 1260 (BYA2: 377) pocházejí
]DKURFHQpþHSHON\NWHUpPRKO\VORXåLWVWHMQGREHMDNRãLSN\$UWHIDNW\]REMHNW$
231 (BYA1: 149), 735 (BYA2: 163) a 2250 (BYBF: MVRXWYDURYQHW\SLFNp=
REMHNWXSRFKi]tþHSHONDUHWXãRYDQiGRWYDUXWHQNpW\þLQN\]REMHNWX
QHSUDYLGHOQ]DKURFHQê~ãWSD]REMHNWXþHSHONDVHãNUDEDGORYLWXSUDYHQêP
GLVWiOQtPNRQFHPDUHWXãtVHãLNPHQêPLERN\VPUHPNRGãWSRYDFtEi]LWDE
1.8.3.A.).
-DNRW\SLFNpKURW\ãtS$MVRXWYDURYiQ\DUWHIDNW]REMHNWXBYA1: 168) do
ãLURNpKRKURWXDWUDSH]RYLWXSUDYHQiþHSHOND]REMHNWXFBYA2: 141). K nim lze
VMLVWRXSUDYGSRGREQRVWtSLSRMLWDUWHIDNW\]REMHNW$DS$YRGQ
NODVLILNRYDQpMDNRYUWiN\3RWRPE\YHIi]tFKDE\O\H[SOLFLWQ
GRORåHQ\]EUDQWRKRWRW\SX1HO]HRYãHPRGKDGQRXWMDNêSRGtO]EUDQtVHGRFKRYiY
VtGOLãWQtPRGSDGXDWXGtå]GDWDWRIDNWD]QDPHQDMt]YêãHQRXSRWHEXORYXQHER
REUDQ\RVDG\âLSNDY]iYUHþQpIi]LRVtGOHQtE\VYGþLODVStãHRGUXKpPRåQRVWL
7UDSH]]MiP\E\PRKOPtWLGDOãtNXOWXUQtVRXYLVORVWLQDStNODGNRQWDNWV
PHVROLWLN\"âLSN\QHERYUWiN\XGRP$DRGSRYtGDMtYêMLPHþQpPX
SRVWDYHQtWFKWRVWDYHENWHUpE\O\Y\NOiGiQ\MDNRVKURPDåRYDFtGRP\
1.9. 9\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQtWUDGLFHâ,
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\þHSHOtYSURVWRUXIi]t
6W\OLVWLFNpW\S\VHYSURVWRUXIi]tUR]GOXMtQDGYVNXSLQ\9SUYQt$MVRXDUWHIDNW\
PRGLILNRYDQpUHWXãtDRGãWSRYDQpSUDYêP~GHUHPEH]RKOHGXQDMHKRVtOX9HGUXKp
VNXSLQ%MVRXYSUYQtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\REGREQpDUWHIDNW\DOH
RGãWSRYDQp]OHYD7\VHYHGUXKpPDWHWtPIDNWRUXUHVSYDULDELOLW\
RGGOXMtGRSURWLOHKOêFKSRORKSURVWRUX3URWRåHSUYQtIDNWRUE\POQHMYtFH
UHIOHNWRYDWKODYQtYê]QDPSURVWRUXWMþDVRYRXSRVORXSQRVWIi]tO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåH
YHGUXKêFKGYRXIDNWRUHFKVHVStãHSURMHYXMtVW\OLVWLFNp]QDN\YXåãtPVORYDVP\VOX
34
3tVOXãQRVWIi]tNREPDVNXSLQiPMHYSURVWRUXDIDNWRUXYêUD]QSDWUQi.H
VNXSLQ$VHDGtIi]HY]iYRUFHMHXYHGHQSRþHWNODVLILNRYDQêFKDUWHIDNW$
5(13), 13(4), 14(7), 8(14), 10(9), 11(13), 19(24), 21(8), 22(7), 24(1) a 25(1). Ke
VNXSLQ%VHDGtIi]HD
1HNODVLILNRYDWHOQpMVRXIi]H9HVNXSLQ%MVRXSHYDKRXY\MPDIi]H
W\NWHUpPDMtQt]NêSRþHWVW\OLVWLFN\NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$1DRSDNYHVNXSLQ
$MVRXIi]HVY\ããtPSRþWHPDUWHIDNW$Y\MPDSRVOHGQtFKGYRXIi]tD
9êVN\WVW\OLVWLFNêFKWtGYHIi]tFKMHQHSRFK\EQRYOLYQQSRþWHPGRFKRYDQêFKD
NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$5R]GtO\YSHYD]HSUDYRVWUDQQpKRDOHYRVWUDQQpKR
RGEtMHQtYãDNNURPWRKRPRKRXVLJQDOL]RYDWXUþLWRXSURGXNWLYLWXWFKWRUR]GtOQêFK
YêUREQtFKWHFKQLN3UDYRVWUDQQpE\E\ORSURGXNWLYQMãtFRåE\VStãHVYGþLORLR
SUDYRUXNRVWLYêUREF$/HYRVWUDQQêVW\OPiYãDNYWãtWHQGHQFLGRFKRYDWVHY
VtGOLãWQtPRGSDGX]DSHGSRNODGXåHSHGPWE\ORGãWSRYiQYWãtVLORX3LWRP
Y]QLNO\LUHODWLYQPDVLYQMãtDUWHIDNW\NWHUpVHSURMHYXMtMDNROHSãtQRVLWHOp
informace specifikované štípanou industrií
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\þHSHOtYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$
3UREOpPVQt]NêPSRþWHPNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$PH]LIi]HPLVHRSDNXMHMHãW
YêUD]QMLYUiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tPH]LNRPSOH[\GRP$3URWRE\ODY\EUiQD
Ii]HNWHUiREVDKXMHQHMYWãtSRþHWNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKSHGPW$1 -HGQRWOLYp
NRPSOH[\SHGVWDYXMtRGMHGQRKRGRþW\DUWHIDNW$XGRPXDåiGQê3HVWR
VH]GHY\þOHXMtREGREQMDNRYHIi]tFKMHQGYVNXSLQ\.SUYQtQiOHåtYWãLQD
NRPSOH[$NHGUXKpMHQGRP\D1DRSDNYGRPHFKGUXKpVNXSLQ\%MH
]DVWRXSHQRYtFHDUWHIDNW$QHåYGRPHFKSUYQtVNXSLQ\$FRåMHSHVQQDRSDNQHåY
StSDGIi]t/HYRVWUDQQRGEtMHQpDUHWXãtPRGLILNRYDQpDUWHIDNW\PO\WHG\MLVW
YêVDGQtSRVWDYHQtQHMPpQXGRPXNWHUêVHRGOLãXMHSLSRMHQRXRKUDGRX=QDNRYê
Yê]QDPWFKWRSHGPW$QiPYãDN]DWtPXQLNiREUD
1.9.3. Informace a komunikace z pohledu ŠI
.RPXQLNDþQtSRVOiQtãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHY\SOêYiMDN]MHMtXåLWNRYpKRGQRW\WDN]
HNRQRPLN\]SUDFRYiYDQêFKVXURYLQ1HROLWLFNpRE\YDWHOVWYRQHE\ORMLåRGNi]iQRQD
RPH]HQRXGRVWXSQRVWVXURYLQYGRVDKXNDåGpORNDOLW\'tN\FHOpVtWL
PH]LUHJLRQiOQtFKY]WDK$PORGRVWDWHþQRXPRåQRVWYROE\U$]QêFK]SUDFRYDQêFK
SRORWRYDU$DYêUREN$LVXURYLQGRSONRY]SUDFRYDWHOQêFKQDPtVW9WRPE\O
]HMPSRGVWDWQêUR]GtOPH]LNRPXQLNDFtYSHGFKi]HMtFtFKREGREtFKSDOHROLWX-H
RWi]NRXGRMDNpPtU\VHOLãLODRGNRPXQLNDFHPH]ROLWLFNpQHER]GDSUiYYWRPWR
REGREtQHE\O]DORåHQ]S$VREVH]yQQtFKDGiONRYêFKNRQWDNW$MHKRåSULQFLS\E\O\
SR]GMLUR]YLQXWpYQHROLWX(Zimmermann 1995: 63).
3HYDKDVXURYLQ6*6YQHMVWDUãtPREGREtE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWW\SLFNiSURFHOp
REGREtQHMVWDUãtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\GRNOiGi]iVDGQtVSRMHQtVPUHPQDVHYHU
0H]ROLWLFNiNRPXQLNDFHMH]WRKRWRSRKOHGXRYãHPY\~VWQtPVWDUãtFKSDOHROLWLFNêFK
IRUHP1DGUXKpVWUDQH[RWLFNpGUXK\MDNRMHY%\ODQHFKUDGLRODULW3LFK\VWDO
1985VRXKODVtVMLKRYêFKRGQtPLSHGORKDPLNXOWXUQtQiSOQLNG\åQHPXVtEêW
MHGQR]QDþQêPGRNODGHPMHMLFKMLKRYêFKRGQtKRS$YRGX6StãHVHMHYtMDNRStNODG
NRPXQLNDþQtKRUHVLGXDMHKRåSUYRWQtREUD]QHQt]DWtPGRVWLRVWHYLGLWHOQê
3HQRVLWHOQRVWLQIRUPDFHVW\OLVWLFNêFK]QDN$EêYiSRStUiQDY]KOHGHPNWRPXåHE\O\
]DVD]HQ\GRQiVDG\DWXGtåQHYLGLWHOQp=WRKRWRG$YRGXE\VLFHE\ODY\ORXþHQD
NRPXQLNDFHPH]LRE\YDWHOL%\ODQDOHQHPXVHODEêWY\ORXþHQDNRPXQLNDFHPH]L
35
QLPLDYêUREFLQiVWURM$3HGSRNODGHPE\E\OLPSRUWYNOiGDQêFKQiVWURM$MHãWSHG
jejich zasazením do násady.
6W\OQHROLWLFNpãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHUHSUHVHQWRYDQêE\ODQVNêPVRXERUHPMHVRXþiVWt
NXOWXUQtMHGQRW\SLQHMPHQãtPY\PH]LWHOQpVWHGRþHVNêPDYêFKRGRþHVNêP
UHJLRQHP9MHMLFKUiPFLH[LVWRYDO\]KUXEDVKRGQpSRGPtQN\StVWXSXNHWHP
KODYQtPVNXSLQiPVXURYLQ6*66.-D66=ý8åLWNRYRVWRVWtE\OD]HMPSUYRWQtD
G$OHåLWMãtSHGYKRGQêPWYDUHP3HVWRY%\ODQHFKGRORåLWHOQiSHYDKDþHSHOtQDG
~ãWS\VYGþtRVQD]ãtY\XåLWHOQRVWLWFKWRWYDU$SURVNOiGDQiRVWtSHYiåQpKRSRþWX
QiVWURM$9ê]QDPSUDYRVWUDQQpKRDSDWUQLSUDYRUXNpKRRGEtMHQtQHPXVtEêWMHQ
YêVDGQtYROERXE\ODQVNêFKRE\YDWHOSURWRåHMHVStãHFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXY]GiOHQêFK
YêUREF$$WLE\OLKODYQtPL]SURVWHGNRYDWHOLMHGQRWQpNXOWXUQtWUDGLFHSDWUQpYH
ãWtSDQpLQGXVWULL9WRPWRVP\VOXQHE\OLS$YRGFLQHROLWLFNpNRPXQLNDFHNWHURX
ãWtSDQiLQGXVWULH]SURVWHGNRYDODVDPRWQtRE\YDWHOpE\ODQVNêFKGRP$7LKUiOLUROL
StMHPF$]SUiYQRåHVUS\ãNUDEDGODKREOtN\ãLSN\NWHUpStOHåLWRVWQ
RERKDFRYDOLYODVWQtPLGRGDWN\YHIRUPQHGRORåHQêFKUXNRMHWtQiVDGDUDWLã"
36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0RWWR%\ORE\VRXGtPWpPEH]XåLWNXVOHGRYDWLGMLQ\RP\O$NWHUpVHYiåRX
NROHPYêNODGXXåLWt%19HQFO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Broušená industrie
2.0. Úvod
2.0.1. Studium broušené industrie (BI)
%URXãHQiLQGXVWULHVHWãtUHODWLYQPHQãtSR]RUQRVWLEDGDWHO$QHåLQGXVWULHãWtSDQi
9DULDELOLWDEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHMHSRNOiGiQD]DQLåãtDWRMDNSRVWUiQFHIRUPiOQtWDNL
þDVRSURVWRURYp9WãtUR]GtO\EêYDMtNODGHQ\DåQDKUDQLFLNXOWXUQHERLY\ããtFKFHON$
3HVWRE\O\MLåQDSRþiWNXãHGHViWêFKOHWSRVWLåHQ\]iNODGQtYêYRMRYpWUHQG\WFKWR
DUWHIDNW$YUiPFLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVencl 1960). Metrická typologie
]DORåHQiYHVPVQDGpONRãtNRYpPLQGH[XE\ODY\WYiHQD]HMPpQDYSRUêQVNp
REODVWLMHGQRWQSURYãHFKQ\GUXK\(Modderman 1970, Bakels 1987, Farruggia
1989-5XOIGRORåLONYDOLWDWLYQtRGOLãQRVWNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$SORFKêFK
kopytovitých sekerek (1991: DVHNHUHNVHVYLVOêPRVWtP9HVURYQiQtVH
ãWtSDQRXLQGXVWULtQHQtXEURXãHQpStOLãYHONiYDULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKVNXSLQ3RGOH
PDNURVNRSLFN\GREHSDWUQêFKVWRSO]HKRYRLWYtFHPpQMHQRGYRXVNXSLQiFKVHNHU
DWHVHONWHUpVHOLãLO\]S$VREHPXSHYQQtLSRXåLWt1DSURWLWRPX]DWtPQHE\OD
VSROHKOLYHãHQDRWi]NDSURYHQLHQFHVXURYLQ]QLFKåE\O\]KRWRYRYiQ\SHVWRåH
SHWURJUDILFNpXUþHQtVHSURYiGORYDGStSDG$6RXGREpStNODG\]MLQêFK
NXOWXUQtFKREODVWtGiYDMtEURXãHQpLQGXVWULLMHãWGDOãtPRåQêV\PEROLFNêUR]PU
(Oliva 1985LNG\åRMHMLFKSRXåLWHOQRVWLSURQHROLWLFNpQiOH]\EêYiQNG\
pochybováno (Podborský 1993: 91).
2.0.2. Zpracování broušené industrie z Bylan
6RXERUEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$E\ONRQFHPãHGHViWêFKOHWSRGNODGHPSUR]SUDFRYiQt
disertace (Velímský 1969YQtåE\O\YãHVWUDQQSRMHGQiQ\WHKG\GRVWXSQpQiOH]\
$XWRUVH]DEêYDOSRGUREQSHWURJUDILtVXURYLQLIRUPDPLMHMLFK]tVNiYiQt1DSRþiWNX
devadesátých let byla zpracována metrická typologie (Rulf 1991SRGOHQtåE\O\
GHILQRYiQ\YDULDQW\QiVWURM$QD]iNODGUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtKODYQtFKUR]PU$
0HWULFNiGDWD]WpWRSUiFHE\ORPRåQRGiOHY\XåtWLQDWRPWRPtVWSURQiVOHGXMtFt
SRGUREQMãtSRVRX]HQt1DDGXYêVOHGN$NQLPå-5XOIGRVSOPRKORWDNEêW
QDYi]iQRDPRKRX]GHEêWGiOHUR]YHGHQ\SRGOHVFKpPDWXVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\
ÒYRGGRVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\%,
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$MH]DORåHQDQDUR]OLãHQt]iNODGQtFKWtG
SRGOHGpON\DKPRWQRVWLRGGOHQSURNRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\DSURSORFKpNRS\WRYLWp
VHNHUN\.YDOLWDYêUREN$E\ODSRVX]RYiQDSRGOHRULHQWDFHIROLDþQtFKYUVWHYYHY]WDKX
NRViPQiVWURMH9WãLQDE\ODQVNp%,MH]KRWRYHQD]DNWLQROLWDPILEROLWLFNêFKELGOLF
DSURWRE\E\ORStSDGQpRGOLãRYiQtVXURYLQSRGOHNYDOLW\EH]SHGPWQp
37
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFHMHGiQDNRPELQDFtWtGSRGOH~KOXRVWtDSUDFRYQtFKVWRS=
SUDNWLFNêFKG$YRG$MVRXMDNRWHVO\R]QDþHQ\NRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\QHER"Y
NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKStSDGHFKRED]QDN\YHOPLVLOQNRUHOXMt7RGRYROXMHNODVLILNRYDW
YWãtSRþHWDUWHIDNW$QHåE\E\ORPRåQRMHQQD]iNODGVWRS
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHE\ODSURYHGHQD]YOiãWSURVHNHUN\NGHE\ORPRåQRUR]OLãRYDW
U$]QpWYDU\StþQpKRSU$H]XDSURNRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\7\MVRXYUiPFL/Q.SHYiåQ
SODQNRQYH[QtDSURWRE\ODWDWRVNXSLQDUR]GOHQDMHãWSRGOHPD[LPiOQtãtN\DãtNR
YêãNRYpKRLQGH[X1HMþDVWMLVHY\VN\WXMtFtWYDU\E\O\SDNR]QDþHQ\MDNRSURWRW\S\
broušené industrie a sledovány v sídlištních kontextech (obr. 2.0.3.a.).
=iNODGQtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH%,WHVO\DVHNHU\
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUXGpONDDãtND
5R]GOHQtEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$QDGY]iNODGQtWtG\WMNRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\DSORFKp
NRS\WRYLWpVHNHUN\VHSURND]XMHNYDOLWDWLYQLNYDQWLWDWLYQ9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUX
O]HMHGQR]QDþQNODVLILNRYDWFHOpWYDU\LYWãLQXGRVWDWHþQVSHFLILNRYDQêFK]ORPN$
GRWFKWRGYRXWtG.YDQWLWDWLYQVHOLãtSRGOH]iNODGQtFKNULWHULtWYDUXFRåMVRXGpOND
DãtNDDUWHIDNWXYURYLQD[2EUD9]iMHPQpKRGQRW\VHMHQPiORQHERY$EHF
SHNUêYDMtDSURWRO]HRGGOHQRXH[LVWHQFLRERXWtGSLMtPDWEH]GDOãtDQDOê]\Rulf
1991: 315). Potvrdilo se to i na jiných nalezištích (Modderman 1970, Bakels 1978,
Farruggia 1977). 2VWDWQtPRUIRORJLFN\RGOLãLWHOQpWYDU\SHGHYãtPVHNHUN\VH
VYLVOêPRVWtPVHY\VN\WXMtWDNPiORSRþHWQåHQHE\O\GRGDOãtFKDQDOê]]DD]HQ\
9UWDQpQiVWURMHU$]QêFKWYDU$NWHUp]HMPSOQLO\YREGREtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLNRXYHVPVQHSUDFRYQtIXQNFHMVRX]DKUQXW\DåGRRGGtOXVW\OLVWLFNêFKWtG
broušené industrie.
'pONDDãtNDNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$NRUHOXMtYHOPLVODEYHVOHGRYDQpPVRXERUXFHOêFK
QiVWURM$QHERNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFK]ORPN$5 1 1D]iNODGMHMLFK
JUDILFNpKRXVSRiGiQtO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåH]DKUQXMtQHMPpQWLPHWULFN\RGOLãLWHOQp
WtG\3UYQtWYRt~]NpDNUiWNpDUWHIDNW\GUXKRXNUiWNpDOHGHOãtDGRSRVOHGQtWtG\
VSDGDMtQHMGHOãtWYDU\EH]RKOHGXQDãtNX%\O\R]QDþHQ\....D..REU
2.1.1.a.).
'pONDDãtNDVHNHUHNNRUHOXMHSRGVWDWQYtFHQHåXNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$5 1
*UDILFNpXVSRiGiQtYãDNQHQDVYGþXMHPRåQpPHWULFNpUR]GOHQtQDGDOãt
WtG\=FHOpVNXSLQ\VHNHUHNVHY\P\Ni]YOiãWGORXKêWYDUIi]HREM
%<%)NWHUêE\POEêWHYLGRYiQMDNRVDPRVWDWQêPRUIRORJLFNêW\SREU
2.1.1.b.).
2.1.2. Základní charakteristika velikosti (hmotnost)
1DUR]GtORGãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHMHPRåQRYHOLNRVWEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHGREH
FKDUDNWHUL]RYDWMHMtKPRWQRVWt3RX]HVRPH]HQtPQDFHOpWYDU\FRåSRQNXGVQLåXMH
SRþHWNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$SRGOHWRKRWRNULWHULD+PRWQRVWNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$
NWHUiE\ODPLWHOQiQDWYDUHFKVHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tGRJ9]KOHGHPN
PDOpPXSRþWXMHGLQF$MHUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtGRVWLQHSUDYLGHOQpVSU$PUHPJV
%H]RKOHGXQDQHSUDYLGHOQRVWUR]GOHQtMHPRåQRYpVWKUDQLFLSREOtåSU$PUX
FHOpKRVRXERUXDVLYJDGHILQRYDWWDNVNXSLQXPHQãtFKDYWãtFKNRS\WRYLWêFK
NOtQ$REUD
38
3RþHWNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKVHNHUHNMHY\ããt1 DWDNpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHMLFK
KPRWQRVWLMHSUDYLGHOQMãt0DMtYSU$PUXJVRGFK\ONRXV 5R]GOHQtMH
YêUD]QELPRGiOQtWDNåHMHPRåQRXUþLWKUDQLFLPHQãtFKDYWãtFKVHNHUHN6KRGXMH
VHSLEOLåQVKUDQLFtYHVNXSLQNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$QDKRGQRWJREUE
2.1.3. Formální klasifikace
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DVHNHUHNP$åHEêWIRUPXORYiQDVSROHþQ
MDNRSDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\YSURVWRUXWYDURYêFKDYHOLNRVWQtFKStSDGQKPRWQRVWQtFK
WtG......3.6[PDOpYHONp'RVWiYiPHWDNãHVWIRUPiOQtFKWtG
NRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DGYIRUPiOQtWtG\SORFKêFKNRS\WRYLWêFKVHNHUHNNWHUp
SRNUêYDMtSHYiåQRXþiVWE\ODQVNpEURXãHQpLQGXVWULH.ODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$MH
FHONHP]WRKR]$VWiYiVHNHUHN=FHONRYêFKSRþW$MHGQRWOLYêFKQiVWURM$
E\ORYãDN]GHNODVLILNRYiQRMHQNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DVHNHUHNWDNåHMHMLFK
Y]iMHPQpSRPU\QHPXVtEêWUHSUHVHQWDWLYQt
5HODWLYQt]DVWRXSHQtWYDURYêFKWtGNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$VH]YWãXMtFtPLVHWYDU\NOHVi
FRåRGSRYtGiYWãtSRWHEPHQãtFKDUWHIDNW$=DVWRXSHQtPDOêFKDYHONêFKVHNHUHN
VH]GiEêWY\URYQDQpMHQPDOpSRQNXGSHYDåXMt5R]GtO\KRGQRWYWDEXOFHMVRX
statisticky významné (chq = 24.796, d.f. = 3, p = 0.0000) (tab. 2.1.3.A.).
3RþW\IRUPiOQtFKWYDURYêFKLKPRWQRVWQtFKWtGNROtVDMtYHIi]tFKVStãHY]iYLVORVWLQD
]DFKRYiQtQiVWURM$FHOpNODVLILNRYDWHOQpQHåYG$VOHGNXFKURQRORJLFNpYDULDELOLW\
1HMY\ããtSRþW\MVRXVKRGQYHIi]tFKD.ODVLILNRYDWHOQpNRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\
FK\EtYQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFK1HSURMHYXMtVHåiGQpYêYRMRYpWUHQG\DQLYêUD]QMãt
NRQFHQWUDFHQiVWURM$YHIi]tFKSRKLiWHFK9WãtNOtQ\MVRXGRORåHQ\YHIi]tFK
D]DWtPFRYWãtVHNHUN\VHY\VN\WXMtYHYtFHIi]tFK-HMLFKYêVN\WVH
VRXVWHXMHSUDYLGHOQGRSRþiWHþQtFKIi]tQRYpKRVtGHOQtKRF\NOXDYHVPVFK\EtYH
Ii]tFKSHGKLiWHP7RE\VRXKODVLORVH]YêãHQRXVWDYHEQt
þLQQRVWtYHIi]tFKSRREQRYDUHiOXDYQNROLNDIi]tFKEH]SURVWHGQQiVOHGXMtFtFK
(tab. 2.1.4.A., tab. 2.1.4.B.).
.
(NRQRPLND]tVNiYiQtVXURYLQDYêURE\EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$9]WDKN
StURGQtPXSURVWHGtDGDSWDELOLWDQiVWURM$
$GDSWDFHYêURE\DSRXåtYiQt]iNODGQtIRUP\
3RGtOEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$DMHMLFK]ORPN$MHYFHONRYpPVRXþWXMDNMHGQRWOLYêFKNXV$
WDNLMHMLFKKPRWQRVWL]KUXEDVKRGQURYHQYãHFKQiOH]$7tPVHSURMHYXMH
VSRWHELWHOVNêFKDUDNWHUDUHiOX%\ODQ\NGHFK\EtGRNODG\MHGQRWOLYêFKVWDGLt
]SUDFRYiQtVXURYLQ\MDNRMVRXQDStNODGH]DQpGtO\KRUQLQ3RORWRYDU\YHYWãLQ
Ii]tFK\EtDYFHONXSHGVWDYXMtQHFHOêFKKPRWQRVWLYãHFKQiOH]$9HD
Ii]LMHGRORåHQRPpQQHåSRORWRYDU$3RX]HYHDåDDVH
Y\VN\WORYtFHQHåSRORWRYDU$2EREGREtMVRXVSRMHQDVMLVWRXVWDELOL]DFt
RVtGOHQtSDWUQRXYMLQêFKGUX]tFKDUWHIDNW$9WFKWRREGREtFKPRKORWDNpGRMtWN
SRNXV$PRPtVWQtGRSONRYRXYêUREXEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$NWHUiYãDNYFHOpP
SU$EKXIi]t]$VWiYiYêMLPHþQRX9êVN\W]iNODGQtFKIRUHPEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$D
SRORWRYDU$VHQLMDNYêUD]QMLQHYiåHQDIi]HLQWHUSUHWRYDQêFKKLiW$DREQRYHQp
zástavby areálu (tab. 2.2.1.A., tab. 2.2.1.B., tab. 2.2.1.C.).
39
2.2.2. Suroviny a jejich zpracování
Zatím nejobsáhlejší petrografickou charakteristiku surovin broušené industrie podal v
rukopisu svojí diplomní práce T. Velímský (1969: 3RSLVVXURYLQMH]DORåHQQD
PLNURVNRSLFNpDQDOê]HDVL]NRXPDQêFKDUWHIDNW$=DKUQXMtFHORXãNiOX
PHWDPRUIRYDQêFKKRUQLQYþHWQVHGLPHQWiUQtFKSHOLWLFNêFKELGOLF-HGQR]QDþQ
SHYDåXMtYDULDQW\DNWLQROLWLFNêFKDNWLQROLWDPILEROLFNêFKDDPILERODNWLQROLWLFNêFK
ELGOLFMHMLFKåS$YRGQHQtGRGQHVGRVWDWHþQREMDVQQ7\WRGUXK\SHY\ãXMt
SRGVWDWQDPILERO\DHNORJLW\NXWQRKRUVNpKRNU\VWDOLQLNDNWHUpMVRXGRVWXSQpY
RNUXKXDYtFHNPDNWHUpE\O\SRXåLW\SURQNWHUpPOêQ\+ODYQtVXURYLQD
VRXKUQQR]QDþRYDQiMDNR]HOHQpELGOLFHQHQtSURND]DWHOQPtVWQtKRS$YRGX
9\]QDþXMHVHYKRGQêPLPHFKDQLFNêPLYODVWQRVWPLKRXåHYQDWRVWREUXVQRVWD
VSHFLILFNiKPRWQRVWDMHPQR]UQQRXVWDYERXDVQDGQRXRGOXþQRVWtSRGpOSORFK
YUVWYHQtKRUQLQ\=KRUQLQMLQpKRGUXKXE\O\QiVWURMHY\UREHQ\MHQYêMLPHþQ
'RVH]QDPXYêUREN$]MLQêFKVXURYLQQHMVRX]DKUQXW\DUWHIDNW\]þiVWL%<%)
NWHUpQHE\O\WHKG\NGLVSR]LFL5R]SWtSRGtOXMHGQRWOLYêFKW\S$VXURYLQVH]HMP
QHPQt-HGLQêPYêUD]QRGOLãQêPDUWHIDNWHP]KOHGLVNDVXURYLQMHVHNHURPODW
nepravidelného tvaru z objektu 2157 (278188, BYBFNWHUêMHY\UREHQ]HVYWOH
]HOHQpELGOLFHVYêUD]QêPLNXV\WPDYpKRUQLQ\%OLåãtSHWURJUDILFNpXUþHQtQHE\OR
zatím provedeno (tab. 2.2.2.A.).
5HODWLYQt]DVWRXSHQtMHGQRWOLYêFKGUXK$VXURYLQYVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tFKVHYFHONRYêFK
SRþWHFKStOLãQHOLãt'RVRXERUXE\O\]DKUQXW\LDPRUIQtNXV\DPILEROLWXNWHUpVH
Y\VN\WXMt]HMPpQDYHDIi]L6YGþtRVKURPDåRYiQtSRWHQFLiOQtVXURYLQ\
YXUþLWêFKNULWLFNêFKPRPHQWHFKRVtGOHQtNWHUiDOHQDNRQHFQHE\ODSRXåLWD'UXKi
Ii]HPRKOD]QDPHQDWMHãWQHGRVWDWHþQY\WYRHQpNRQWDNW\QD]tVNiYiQtRSWLPiOQt
suroviny. Dvacátá první fáze znamená výraznou obnovu areálu a poslední fáze snad
QMDNRXãLUãt]PQXNWHUiPOD]DG$VOHGHNRSXãWQtDUHiOX%<3RGREQpMHSDWUQL
Y\VYWOHQtY\ããtKRYêVN\WXJUDILWLFNpELGOLFHYIi]L2VPiIi]HSHGVWDYXMH
YêUD]QêSRVXQQDNRQFLQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ6XURYLQ\MVRX]%\ODQGRVWXSQpYEOt]NpP
RNROtDYREODVWLäHOH]QêFKKRUJUDILWLFNiELGOLFHWDE%WDE&
3RþW\YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt
%URXãHQpQiVWURMHMVRXVSRMRYiQ\SHGHYãtPVSUDFHPLSURYiGQêPLPXåVNRXþiVWt
SRSXODFHDMHMLFKSRþW\GRMLVWpPtU\PRKRXRGSRYtGDWFHONRYpPXSRGtOXWpWRþiVWL
SRSXODFHDMHKRStSDGQêP]PQiP2GWXGVHRGYtMHMt~YDK\RVSRWHEVXURYLQ7
9HOtPVNêSHGSRNOiGiQD]iNODGHWQRJUDILFNpKRPRGHOXSU$PUQêSRþHW
SRXåtYDQêFKQiVWURM$QDMHGQRKRPXåHVelímský 1969-5XOISRYDåXMHWHQWR
SRþHW]DFKDUDNWHULVWLNXSURMHGQRKRPXåH]DURNDGRVSONSU$PUQpPXSRþWX
DUWHIDNW$YMHGQRPGRPRulf 1991: 326) SLUR]SWtNVG$PYMHGQRWOLYêFK
Ii]tFK=WFKWRSRþW$RGYR]RYDOGiOHRSWLPiOQtRGKDGGpON\WUYiQtMHGQpIi]HSRGOH
U$]QêFKYDULDQWGRFKRYDQpKRRGSDGX3LRSWLPiOQtPGRFKRYiQtS$YRGQtFK
SRþW$GRVSONRSWLPiOQtGpOFHMHGQpIi]HYUR]SWtOHWRulf 1991: 327).
3RURYQiOLVHSRþHW]iNODGQtFKIRUHPEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHYRGSDGX]GRP$V
MHGQRGXFKRXD]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWtY\FKi]tSRGtONVG$PVMHGQRGXFKRXþiVWt
DNVG$PVH]GYRMHQRXþiVWt3RNXGE\EURXãHQiLQGXVWULHE\ODLNRQHPSRþWX
PXå$YGRPHFK]QDPHQDORE\WRåHYGRPHFKVPHQãtPVWHGHPåLORSUDFRYDOR"
WYRLOR"PpQPXå$QHåYHYHONêFKGRPHFKýtVODPRKRXEêWRYãHP]NUHVOHQD
GRFKRYDQRVWtS$YRGQtFKUHODFtYRGSDGXNWHUêPRKOEêWRYOLYQQQDStNODG
SHQiãHQtPSRXåLWHOQêFKQiVWURM$9WpWRVRXYLVORVWLMHPRåQRNODVLILNRYDWFD
40
DUWHIDNW$5R]GtO\YWDEXOFHMVRXVWDWLVWLFN\PiORYê]QDPQpFKT GI S
= 0.0244) (tab. 2.2.3.A.).
2EGREQêSRPUY\FKi]tLSURIRUPiOQtWtG\0DOpDYHONpQiVWURMHVHY\VN\WXMtY
SU$PUXNXV$DNVXGRP$VMHGQRGXFKRXþiVWtDNVDNVXGRP$VH
]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWt8ND]XMtQDYêUD]QY\ããtSRþHWPXå$SUDFXMtFtFKYGRPHFKVH
]GYRMHQRXþiVWtDWRYRERX]iNODGQtFKGUX]tFKSUDFtMDNpPRKO\PDOpDYHONp
nástroje representovat. Rozdíly v tabulce však nejsou statisticky významné (chq =
0.173, d.f. = 2, p = 0.9173) (tab. 2.2.3.B.).
,QIRUPDWLYQtREVDKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
2UJDQL]DFHYêURE\DXåtYiQtLQGLYLGXiOQtYDULDELOLWD
2.3.1. Genotypy v prostoru sídelních fází
9]KOHGHPNHNROtViQtSRþWXIRUPiOQtFKW\S$NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKGRVtGHOQtFKIi]tE\O\
Y\EUiQ\~VHN\Ii]tVYtFH%,.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DGiYi
XVSRiGiQtIRUPiOQtFKW\S$YSURVWRUXWFKWRIi]tNWHUpRGSRYtGiYWãLQRXUR]GtO$P
PH]LYHONêPLDPDOêPLQiVWURML,QWHUSUHWRYDWMHGQRWOLYpRV\O]HMHQREWtåQ
Posloupnost fází 13 - 15 je zachována jen na 2. ose, posloupnost fází 21 - 23 na první
RVHDOHSDWUQDQLMHGQD]QLFKQHQtYêOXþQFKURQRORJLFNi-HGQRWOLYpIDNWRU\
]G$UD]XMtVStãHQNWHUpWYDU\9SUYQtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\VHRGGOXMtYHONp
NRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\GUXKpWtG\RGRVWDWQtFKQiVWURM$9HGUXKpPIDNWRUXMH
YêUD]QêNRQWUDVWPH]LYHONêPLNRS\WRYLWêPLNOtQ\GUXKpDWHWtWtG\9HWHWtP
IDNWRUXVHRGGOXMtPDOpNRS\WRYLWpNOtQ\SUYQtWtG\RGRVWDWQtFKQiVWURM$
-HGQRWOLYpIDNWRU\WXGtåRGSRYtGDMtVStãHIRUPiOQtPYODVWQRVWHPQiVWURM$QHåMHMLFK
FKURQRORJLFNpSRVORXSQRVWL=WRKRO]HRGYRGLWåHIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHSHGVWDYXMH
]iNODGQtJHQRW\S\QiVWURM$QHPQQpYXUþLWêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKVURYNDS
(obr. 2.3.1.a.).
)HQRW\S\YSURVWRUXVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$
)RUPiOQtUR]GtO\PH]LNODVLILNRYDWHOQêPLQiVWURMLE\O\VOHGRYiQ\XYQLWIi]H
NWHUiREVDKXMHQHMYWãtSRþHWDUWHIDNW$5R]ORåHQtV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$YSURVWRUX
IRUPiOQtFKW\S$Y\ND]XMHQD]iNODGNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\VSROHþQpMiGUR
NRPSOH[$DDRNRORYHONêFKNOtQ$2GQKRVHRGGOXMHNRPSOH[
domu 679, charakterizovaný malými sekerkami a domu 1111, charakterizovaný
YHONêPLVHNHUNDPL3UYQtIDNWRURGUiåtUR]GtO\PH]LIRUPDPLNOtQ$DVHNHUHN
GUXKêDWHWtQHMVStãHUR]GtO\YHYHOLNRVWHFKQiVWURM$9HOLNRVW
VHNHUHNO]HSRGOHWRKRWRYêVOHGNXSRYDåRYDW]DSURMHYIHQRW\SLFNpSURPQOLYRVWL
VURYNDSIRUHPEURXãHQpLQGXVWULH2GSRYtGDORE\WRQHURYQRPUQpDGDSWDFL
QDRNDPåLWRXSRWHEXVWDYHEQtKRGHYDYMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKREUD
2.3.3. Kvalita industrie v jednotlivých domech
3URWRåHE\ODQVNiEURXãHQiLQGXVWULHMHY\UiEQDSHYiåQ]MHGQRKRGUXKXVXURYLQ\
O]HMHMtNYDOLWXPLWMHQSRGUREQMãtPLYODVWQRVWPLWpWRVXURYLQ\79HOtPVNêXNi]DO
åHPHFKDQLFNpYODVWQRVWLKRUQLQ\]iYLVHMtQDWRPYMDNpPVPUXMVRXPHQ\
0HFKDQLFNpYODVWQRVWLQiVWURM$MDNRMHMHMLFKKRXåHYQDWRVWREUXVQRVWRGROQRVWSURWL
WODN$P]U$]QêFKVPU$DM]iYLVHMtEH]SURVWHGQQDY]iMHPQpRULHQWDFLRVQiVWURMHD
RVKRUQLQ\8ELGOLFMHQHMYê]QDPQMãtRVDbNWHUiXGiYiSHYDåXMtFtVPUWYDURYpKR
SURWDåHQtPLQHUiO$DQDQLNROPiRVDa. Plocha s GHILQRYDQiWPLWRRVDPLXGiYi
41
IROLDFLKRUQLQ\MDNVHY\WYRLODSLS$YRGQtPXVD]RYiQtPLQHUiO$9WãLQD
E\ODQVNêFKQiVWURM$UHVSHNWXMHWXWRYQLWQtVWDYEXKRUQLQVelímský 1969: FRå
VYGþtMHGQDNR]iPUQpPDSURP\ãOHQpP]SUDFRYiQtVXURYLQMHGQDNRUR]OLãRYiQt
NYDOLW\QiVWURM$MHMtPLXåLYDWHOL
.YDOLWXNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DSORFKêFKNRS\WRYLWêFKVHNHUHNO]HPLWSRGOHWRKRMDN
MVRXRV\QiVWURM$RULHQWRYiQ\NSORFKiPs DNWLQROLWDPILEROLWLFNêFKELGOLF.YDOLWX
RULHQWDFHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$R]QDþXMH]QiPNDMVRXOLSORFK\sKRUQLQ\URYQREåQp
s rovinou ay]QiPNDNG\åMVRXURYQREåQpVURYLQRXax a známka 3, jsou-li
plochy s YREHFQpSROR]HNURYLQiPQiVWURMH1HMNYDOLWQMãtVHNHUN\]QiPNDPDMt
rovinu ax URYQREåQRXVSORFKDPLsPpQNYDOLWQt]QiPNDQHQtOLRULHQWDFHRERX
UHVSHNWRYiQD=QiPNRXMVRXR]QDþHQ\VHNHUN\MHMLFKåURYLQDayMHURYQREåQiV
plochami s6HNHUN\DNOtQ\MVRXRGOLãHQ\]QiPNRXStSDGQSURWRåHVHNHUN\O]H
SRYDåRYDW]DWYDUVSHFLDOL]RYDQMãtDSURJUHVLYQMãt.OtQ\]QiPNDSHGVWDYXMtY
WRPWRVURYQiQtQiVWURMHSLSRPtQDMtFtVWDUãtDXQLYHU]iOQtWYDU\SURWiKOêFKYDORXQ$V
MHGQRGXãH]DEURXãHQêPRVWtPMDNpVHQDFKi]HMtQDStNODGYNXOWXH6WDUþHYR
6DPRVWDWQE\E\ORDVLSRWHEDKRGQRWLWNOtQ\QHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ/Q.XQLFKå
SHYDåXMHW\SLFNiRULHQWDFHMDNRXVHNHUHN
6NyUHNYDOLW\]SUDFRYiQtEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHMHYãDN]DWtPGHILQRYiQRMHGQRWQEH]
RKOHGXQDFKURQRORJLLQiVWURM$MDNRVRXþLQ]QiPHNIRUHPDNYDOLW\RULHQWDFHQiVWURM$
+RGQRWDVNyUHMHSRþtWiQDYUiPFLNRPSOH[$GRP$MDNRVRXþLQRGSRYtGDMtFtFK
]QiPHNDUHODWLYQtKRYêVN\WXStVOXãQêFKGUXK$DUWHIDNW$3RK\EXMHVHSURWRY
UR]PH]tRGMHåR]QDþXMHQHMNYDOLWQMãtVRXERU\EURXãHQpLQGXVWULHDåGRSUR
QHMPpQNYDOLWQt1iVWURMHQDQLFKåIROLDFHVXURYLQ\QHE\ODUR]OLãHQDGRVWDO\
SU$PUQRX]QiPNX3U$PUQiNYDOLWDVRXERU$MHSRWRPGiQDKRGQRWRXVNyUH
6NyUHSURFHORXIi]LMHDULWPHWLFNêPSU$PUHPVNyUHMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$DMDP
GDWRYDWHOQêFKGRStVOXãQpIi]H
6NyUHMHGQRWOLYêFKVRXþDVQêFKVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$NROtViYUiPFLIi]tYUR]SWt
Ii]HDåIi]HERG$MHYãDNVLOQRYOLYQQRQt]NêPSRþWHP
GRFKRYDQêFKDNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKDUWHIDNW$3U$PUQpVNyUHSURMHGQRWOLYpIi]H
NROtViYMLVWp]iYLVORVWLQDLQWHUSUHWRYDQêFK]PQiFKYVtGHOQtPDUHiOX9HVPVNOHVi
YHIi]tFKREQRY\FRå]QDPHQiåHYWFKWRIi]tFKVY\ããtVWDYHEQtþLQQRVWtVHNYDOLWD
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$]Y\ãXMH=KRGQRFHQtVHY\P\NDMtIi]HQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQY
QLFKåMHLQGXVWULHQHMPpQNYDOLWQtFRåMHGiQRYêVN\WHPNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$V
orientací ploch s kolmo na rovinu ax, tedy jako u sekerek. Kritéria kvality nejstarší
EURXãHQpLQGXVWULHMVRX]HMPRGOLãQi9WRPWRVP\VOXVHWDNpOLãtYêUREQtQiY\N\Y
QHMVWDUãtPVWXSQLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX9SU$EKXWUYiQtVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX%<
NYDOLWDEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHEXWRNOHViQHERVWDJQXMH&\NO\YêYRMHDUHiOXNWHUpE\O\
S$YRGQGHILQRYiQ\SRGOHPQRåVWYtLQGXVWULHVHSRWYU]XMtLNROtViQtPNYDOLW\WpWR
VNXSLQ\DUWHIDNW$REU
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtYV\VWpPXREåLY\DGOE\
práce. Tafonomie broušené industrie
'HVpQSUDFRYQtKRRVWt~KHOJDPD
=iNODGQtIXQNþQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$MH~KHORVWtNWHUê]HMP
]iVDGQtP]S$VREHPRYOLYXMHMHMLFKXåLWNRYRXKRGQRWX5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtWRKRWR
~KOXMHYêUD]QQHSUDYLGHOQpSRNXGMVRX]DKUQXW\YãHFKQ\NODVLILNRYDWHOQpNXV\FRå
MHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$SORFKêFKNRS\WRYLWêFKVHNHUHNDVHNHUNDVHVYLVOêP
42
RVWtP1HVRXURGRVWUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtP$åHVLJQDOL]RYDWEXWRQNROLNDQiVREQRX
PRGDOLWXQHERU$]QêVWXSHRSRWHEHQtRVWtDMHKRGUXKRWQpKR]DEUXãRYiQt3U$PU
UR]GOHQtXRERXIRUHPVHSRK\EXMHRNRORKRGQRW\oDSURWRWDWRKRGQRWDVORXåt
MDNRGOLFtNULWHULXPQDWYDU\RVWUpDWXSp7\WRGYVNXSLQ\O]HSRYDåRYDW]D]iNODGQt
WtG\GHVpQXRVWtNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$LVHNHUHNREUD
2.4.2. Pracovní stopy (tesly a sekery)
'DOãtStPRXIXQNþQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNRX]$VWiYDMtSUDFRYQtVWRS\NWHUpO]HVOHGRYDWQD
VSRGQtQHERKRUQtVWUDQRVWtQNWHUêFKWYDU$3URWRåHMVRXVWRS\QDRERXVWUDQiFK
RVWtYtFHPpQURYQRFHQQpE\O\SRURYQiQ\VWRS\QDKRUQtVWUDQVIRUPDPLNOtQ$D
VHNHUHN6WRS\O]HGOLWQDGYWtG\5êK\NROPpNKUDQRVWt]QDPHQDMtåHWRMVRX
WHVO\DUêK\ãLNPpNKUDQRVWtPDMtVHNHUN\MDNE\ORNRQVWDWRYiQRMLåGtYHVencl
1960: 17, Velímský 1969: 133, Rulf 1991: 5R]GtO\YNRQWLQJHQþQtWDEXOFHMVRX
statisticky významné (chq = 69.283, d.f = 1, p = 0.0000). Klasifikováno bylo podle
WRKRWRNULWHULDYãDNMHQQiOH]$WDE$
3RURYQiQtSUDFRYQtFKVWRSVYHOLNRVWQtPLWtGDPLGiYiQDRSDNVWDWLVWLFN\
QHYê]QDPQpUR]GtO\FKT GI S 7RVRXKODVtVRþHNiYDQêPL
IXQNþQtPLUR]GtO\NOtQ$DVHNHUDVRXþDVQDEVHQFtIXQNþQtFKUR]GtO$PH]LYHONêPLD
PDOêPLQiVWURML/]HWHG\NRQVWDWRYDWåHIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHVHMHQ]þiVWLSHNUêYiV
StSDGQRXIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFt7DE\ODY\WYRHQDQRYQD]iNODGWtGQtSRGOH~KOX
RVWtDSUDFRYQtFKVWRSWDE%
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
3HVWRåHQD]iNODGSUDFRYQtFKVWRSO]HStPRNODVLILNRYDWMHQQiOH]$E\OD
GHILQRYiQDIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHSRGOHGOHQtQiVWURM$QDRVWUpDWXSpSRGOH~KOXRVWtD
QDWHVO\DVHNHUN\SRGOHSUDFRYQtFKVWRS5R]GtO\YWDEXOFHIXQNþQtFKWtGQHMVRX
VWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT GI S 6HNHUN\SHYDåXMtDVLGYPD
WHWLQDPLMDNPH]LWXSêPLWDNPH]LRVWUêPLQiVWURML2EGREQêPSRPUHPSHYDåXMt
WXSpQiVWURMHPH]LVHNHUNDPLLWHVODPL=FHONRYpKRSRþWXMHSURWRQHMPpQRVWUêFK
tesel a nejvíce tupých sekerek. To je obraz, který koresponduje s experimentálními
SHGVWDYDPLRY\XåLWtEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$SLRSUDFRYiQtGHYDSHGHYãtPSLNiFHQt
VWURP$7XSpRVWtE\ORSLWpWRIXQNFL~þLQQMãtVelímský 1969: 37, pozn. 7) (tab.
2.4.3.A.).
3RþHWFKURQRORJLFN\]DDGLWHOQêFKDIXQNþQNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$MHSRPUQ
Qt]NêNV9FHONRYpPVRXþWXQHMVRXWDNYHONpUR]GtO\PH]LMHGQRWOLYêPL
IXQNþQtPLW\S\7XSêFKVHNHUHNMHDVLGYDNUiWYtFHQHåWXSêFKWHVHO9MHGQRWOLYêFK
Ii]tFKMHMLFKUHODWLYQt]DVWRXSHQtVLOQNROtViSHGHYãtPGtN\Qt]NêPSRþW$P9
SRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKQHMVRXåiGQpNODVLILNRYDWHOQpDUWHIDNW\1HMYtFHQiVWURM$SRFKi]t]
Ii]HNG\WXSpVHNHUN\]FHODSHYDåXMtDWXSpWHVO\FK\Et9Ii]LNWHUiMHãW
REVDKXMHGRGHVHWLNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$MVRXYãDNMLåRVWUpWHVO\QDSUYQtPPtVW
SHGWXSêPLVHNHUNDPL7RE\QDVYGþRYDORWRPXåHIXQNþQtWtG\YtFHVOHGXMt
UR]GtOQpPQRåVWYtSUDFtYMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFK=DWtPFRYIi]L]HMPSHYDåRYDOR
NiFHQtVWURP$YGREREQRYHQtVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXYIi]LE\ODYWãtSRWHEDQiVWURM$
SLMHPQMãtPREUiEQtGHYDMDNRMHQDStNODGYêUREDGHYQêFKSHGPW$YþHWQ
QiGREýtVODPRKRXEêWRYãHPGRVWL]NUHVOHQDQt]NêPSRþWHPNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFK
WYDU$WDE$
43
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLNRPSOH[XSRGOHEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
6WDELOLWDDYDULDELOLWDHNRQRPLFNêFKþLQQRVWt
2.5.1. Podíl tesel a seker ve fázích
&HONRYêSRGtOWHVHODVHNHUHNMH]KUXEDGiQSRPUHPYMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFK
VHPQtSLWRPYãDNPQRKRDUWHIDNW$QHQtPRåQR]DDGLWGRIXQNþQtFKW\S$9H
YWãLQStSDG$MHGRFKRYiQRYtFHVHNHUHNMHQPiORNG\MHSRPUY\URYQDQê
YêMLPHþQMHWHVHOYHIi]LYtFH3HGSRNODGHPMHåHRERMtPDMtVWHMQRX
SUDYGSRGREQRVW]DFKRYiQt3URVURYQiQtMHXYHGHQSRPU]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
NRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DVHNHUNWHUpVIXQNþQtPGOHQtPGREHNRUHOXMH9]KOHGHPN
Y\ããtPXVWXSQLNODVLILNRYDWHOQRVWLMVRXSRPU\IRUPiOQtFKW\S$]HMPVPURGDWQMãt
3HYDKDNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$MHQiSDGQiYHIi]LDREMHYtVHLYIi]L1HRSDNXMH
VHYãDNYHIi]L'YDFiWiIi]HQHQtYMLQêFKSDUDPHWUHFKYêMLPHþQiGRNRQFHE\
SRGOHGRVDYDGQtLQWHUSUHWDFHPODSHGVWDYRYDWXNRQþHQtMHGQRKRVRXYLVOpKR~VHNX
osidlování areálu BY1. Nálezy jsou k disposici jen z analogické 17. fáze, ale tam je
SRGtONRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$MLQê-HWXGtåPRåQpåHGYDFiWiIi]H]QDPHQDODGREX
]YêãHQpKRREUiEQtGHYDD]KRWRYRYiQtGHYQêFKSHGPW$WHEDYStSUDYQD
SHVXQDUHiOX1HO]HRYãHPY\ORXþLWQMDNêQHREY\NOêPHFKDQLVPXVY\WYiHQt
RGSDGXYWpWRIi]LNG\QDStNODGYãHFKQ\MHãWSRXåLWHOQpVHNHUN\E\O\SHQHVHQ\GR
QiVOHGXMtFtIi]HDWtPVH]YêãLOUHODWLYQtSRþHWNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$WDE$WDE
2.5.1.B., tab. 2.5.1.C.).
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRPHFK
Situace v komplexech je obdobná jako ve fázích. Lépe jsou identifikovány sekerky,
NWHUpPRKRXVORXåLWNRGKDGXSRþWXPXå$YGRPYL]Rulf 1991: 326). V domech
Ii]HSHYOiGDMtSRNXGMHO]HSRGOHWFKWRNULWHULtNODVLILNRYDWRVWUpWHVO\VWHMQWDN
LYL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKWpWRIi]H6HNHUN\]DXMtPDMtUHODWLYQPHQãtSRGtODSURWRO]H
XYDåRYDWRUR]GtOQpIXQNFLWFKWRW\S$3RGtOQHNODVLILNRYDQêFKDUWHIDNW$GRVDKXMHY
GRPHFK1DStNODGYGRPMHWRGDOãtFKNXV$YGRPSDN
NXV$3HVWRO]HVRXGLWåHVHYRGSDGXGRFKRYDO\W\S\NWHUpLYS$YRGQtPVRXERUX
SHYDåRYDO\=UR]GtOQêFKSRPU$IXQNþQtFKW\S$GRFKRYDQêFKXGRP$D
Y\SOêYiåHYGRPHFKNWHUpYUiPFLIi]HSOQLO\SDWUQREGREQRXFHQWUiOQtIXQNFLE\O
SRGtOIXQNFtU$]Qê9SUYQtPStSDGVH]YêãLOYê]QDPGDOãtKRREUiEQtGHYDSR
VWDYEGRPXYHGUXKpPE\OQHMYWãtSRGtOSUiFHYORåHQGRVWDYE\WDE$
3RþW\QiVWURM$DRE\YDWHOGRP$
%URXãHQpLQGXVWULLEêYiSLSLVRYiQD]QDNRYiKRGQRWDLQGH[XPXåVNpSRSXODFH
6HNHUN\VHVRXVWHXMtYHYêEDYPXåVNêFKKURE$Zápotocká 1998a: 33), a je jim
SLVX]RYiQD]iNODGQtIXQNFHSLNiFHQtOHVDDStSUDYVWDYHEQtNRQVWUXNFHFRåE\OD
RSWPXåVNiþLQQRVW1iVWURMHPRKO\EêWRYãHPYtFH~þHORYpVHNXQGiUQSRXåtYDQpD
YQHSRVOHGQtDGPRKO\VORXåLWMDNR]EUDQ9HYWãLQStSDG$DOH]$VWiYDO\VWiOHY
UXNRXPXå$3LRGKDGXNYDQWLWDWLYQtFKSDUDPHWU$VHXYDåXMHåHMHGHQPXå
VSRWHERYDO]DURNDVLQiVWURM$Velímský 1969: DåHYRGSDGXVHGRFKRYDOR
QHYtFHQHåYãHFKSRXåtYDQêFKQiVWURM$Rulf 1991: 1D]iNODG
SU$PUQpKRSRþWXQiVWURM$GRORåHQêFKSURMHGHQG$PE\ODY\SUDFRYiQDPHWRGD
RGKDGXWUYiQtMHGQpIi]HDY\SRþWHQDRSWLPiOQtKRGQRWDDåOHWRulf 1991: 330).
3RXåLWiPHWRGDSUDFXMHVLFHVQNROLNDQH]QiPêPLSDUDPHWU\SHVWRYãDNGiYi
SLMDWHOQpYêVOHGN\IRUPRXXUþLWpKRPRåQpKRUR]SWtKRGQRW]QLFKåO]H]YROLW
44
RSWLPiOQtNRPELQDFLNWHUiSUDYGSRGREQY\KRYXMH]NRXPDQpVLWXDFL-HPRåQRML
MHãW]SHVQLWMHGQDN]NRXPiQtPGDOãtFKPRåQêFKKRGQRWMHGQDNIXQNþQtVSHFLILNDFt
QiVWURM$9ãHFKQ\QiVWURMH]DKUQXMtIXQNþQGRVWLUR]GtOQpWYDU\MHMLFKåSRþW\
QHPXVHO\EêWURYQRPUQUR]ORåHQ\PH]LXåLYDWHOL3RWRPMHRGKDGQiVWURM$QD
MHGQRKRPXåH]DURNGRVWLKUXEê9\PH]HQtIXQNþQMHGQRWQMãtVNXSLQ\VHNHUHN
GRYROXMHWHQWRSHGSRNODG]MHGQRGXãLWQDVHNHUNXSURPXåHYSU$PUX]DURN
6HNHUN\E\O\Y\KRGQRFHQ\YHVNXSLQ]iNODGQtFKWYDU$QLNROLYSUDFRYQtFKVWRS
3RþW\E\O\]NRXPiQ\]YOiãWYGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHPDVH]GYRMHQêP
VWHGHP
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYãHFKGRFKRYDQêFKQiVWURM$YMHGQRPGRPVMHGQRGXFKRX
VWHGQtþiVWtNROtViQHSUDYLGHOQRGSRþWXDY\ND]XMHORNiOQtPD[LPXPQiVWURM$Y
GRP0$åHWRYãDNEêWRYOLYQQRMLQêPLDUWHIDNW\SURWRåHUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWt
NRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$LVHNHUHNYGRPHFKVHY\]QDþXMHSUDYLGHOQNOHVDMtFtNLYNRX
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYGRPHFKVGYRMLWêPVWHGHPMH]FHODQHSUDYLGHOQp6HNHUN\PDMt
URYQåSUDYLGHOQpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHPNWHUpPi
SRQNXGY\ããtKRGQRWXSLVHNHUNiFK9GRPHFKVGYRMLWêPVWHGHPMHORNiOQt
maximum 2 sekerky.
$QDORJLFN\E\OD]SUDFRYiQDWDEXONDRGKDG$Rulf 1991: Tab. 53) podle nových
SDUDPHWU$%\ODGRSOQQDMHãWSURRGKDGSL]DFKRYiQtYãHFKVHNHUHNDGpOFH
Ii]HOHW2SWLPiOQtKRGQRW\Y\ND]XMHSLSDUDPHWUHFKRGSDGXDWUYiQtIi]t
OHW/]HVRXKODVLWVQi]RUHPåHSRGtOEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHY odpadu bude vyšší
QHåYStSDGNHUDPLN\-5XOI/1991: SHGSRNOiGi]DFKRYiQtNHUDPLN\
RSURWLEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$SHVWRåHQLåãtSDUDPHWU\GiYDMtOHSãtRGKDG\
SRþW$7\VHSLVSOQQtYãHFKSHGSRNODG$SRK\EXMtYSRþWHFKPXåHY
MHGQRPGRPVMHGQRGXFKRXVWHGQtþiVWtREUDREUEWDE$
2.6. ,QIRUPDþQtREVDK%,]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\DGLVNRQWLQXLW\
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
+ODYQtIXQNþQtW\S\EURXãHQpLQGXVWULHVHNHUN\DWHVO\Y\WYiHMtVSROXVRVWDWQtPL
EOtåHQHVSHFLILNRYDQêPLWYDU\YSURVWRUXIi]tWLYêUD]QRGOLãQpVNXSLQ\
-iGURþOHQQtSURVWRUX]DXMtPDMtRVWDWQtWYDU\NWHUpRYãHP]DKUQXMtLþiVW
QHNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWHVHODVHNHU7HVO\VHRGGOXMtRGVHNHUYSUYQtPIDNWRUX
VHNHUN\RGWHVHOYHGUXKpPIDNWRUX9WãLQDIi]tVHVRXVWHXMHQNGH
XSURVWHGDGRNOiGiWtPIXQNþQtNRQWLQXLWXWYDU$EKHPGHOãtKRYêYRMHNODVLFNp
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX=KOHGLVNDVSROHþHQVNRKRVSRGiVNpIXQNFHQHQtY
WRPWRREGREtUR]GtO$YHVWUXNWXHEURXãHQêFKDUWHIDNW$7\WRMVRXSDWUQpSRX]HYH
VURYQiQtVQHMVWDUãtPREGREtPNG\QHE\ODMHãWIXQNFHVHNHUHNDWHVHOYêUD]Q
morfologicky odlišována.
9SRVWDYHQtIi]tVHYêUD]QY\þOHXMHIi]HNWHUiUHSUHVHQWXMHGREXQHMYWãtKR
YêVN\WXVHNHUHN]HMPYG$VOHGNXREQRYHQpVWDYHEQtDNWLYLW\YDUHiOX%\ODQ\
)i]HDWDNpSHGWtPIi]H]DXMtPDMtSRVWDYHQtQDSHFKRGXRGVHNHUHNNWHVOiP
FRåSDWUQFKDUDNWHUL]XMHY\URYQDQRVWU$]QêFKþLQQRVWtSL]SUDFRYiQtGHYDEKHP
VWDELOL]RYDQpKRREGREtRVtGOHQtYH]NRXPDQpPDUHiOX=DWtPQHO]HRGOLãLWPRåQp
SRXåLWtVHNHUHNMDNR]EUDQt7HQWRWHRUHWLFNêStSDGE\VHSDWUQDOHQHRGUD]LOYH
VORåHQtREVDKXVtGHOQtKRRGSDGXREUD
45
6SHFLILFNiYDULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWYDU$PH]LNRPSOH[\E\ODVOHGRYiQDQDStNODGX
GRP$]QHMSRþHWQML]DVWRXSHQpIi]H,]GHVHYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$SURMHYXMH
Y]iMHPQiIXQNþQtGLFKRWRPLHWHVHOYHGUXKpPIDNWRUXDVHNHUHNYSUYQtP
IDNWRUX0H]LGRP\NWHUpY\WYiHMtYtFHPpQMHGQRWQRXVNXSLQXIXQNþQ
QHRGOLãLWHOQêFKVRXERU$VHRGGOXMHSRX]HG$PVH]YêãHQêPSRGtOHPVHNHUHN
6QDGVHMHGQiRG$PNWHUêE\OGRGDWHþQEXGRYiQDåYSU$EKXWpWRIi]HQHER
DOHVSRSHVWDYRYiQ1H]DQHFKDOYãDNYêUD]QMãtDUFKLWHNWRQLFNpSR]$VWDWN\REU
2.6.2.a.).
.RQWH[WLGHMtDSHGVWDY6W\OWHFKQRORJLHEURXãHQpLQGXVWULH
6\PHWULHYS$GRU\VX~KHORPHJD
3U$PW\QiVWURMHGRWt]iNODGQtFKSURVWRURYêFKURYLQO]HSRYDåRYDW]DKODYQt
VW\OLVWLFNpSUYN\EURXãHQpLQGXVWULH2ULHQWDFHQiVWURMHMHGiQDWUDGLþQtPSRKOHGHPQD
SHGPWSalaš 1984: EH]RKOHGXQDWRåHE\O\IXQNþQXPtVWQ\YQiVDGD
WXGtåMHMLFKSUDFRYQtRULHQWDFHMHUR]GtOQi1DSU$PWXGRURYLQ\[DO]HUR]OLãLW
QiVOHGXMtFtY\PH]HQtERN$QiVWURMHDMHMLFKV\PHWULFNpXWYiHQt5252URYQREåQp
URYQp52./URYQREåQpNOHQXWp529<URYQREåQpY\ERþHQp6%52VEtKDYp
URYQp6%./VEtKDYpNOHQXWp6%9<VEtKDYpY\ERþHQp1(9,QHNODVLILNRYiQR
.ODVLILNRYiQRE\ORWYDU$SRGOH]iNODGQtFKIRUHP,NG\åE\OHSãtE\OD
NODVLILNDFHIRUPiOQtFKW\S$Y]KOHGHPNQt]Np~URYQLNODVLILNRYDWHOQRVWLE\ORSRXåLWR
]iNODGQtIRUPiOQtþOHQQtNWHUpXPRåXMH]DDGLWSRGVWDWQYWãtSRþHWDUWHIDNW$
3HYOiGDMtV\PHWULFNpSUYN\MDNURYQpWDNNOHQXWp9\ERþHQpWYDU\ERN$WHG\YODVWQ
DV\PHWULFN\Y\NOHQXWpMVRXVStãHYêMLPHþQp6HNHUN\PDMtERN\VStãHVEtKDYpQHå
URYQREåQpNWHUpSHYOiGDMtXNOtQ$7RSODWtLSURY\NOHQXWpWYDU\=~åHQtERN$X
VHNHUHNQHSRFK\EQVOHGRYDOR]PHQãHQtãtN\WêOQtþiVWLRSURWLãLURNpPXRVWtDWtP
OHSãt]DVD]HQtLGRXåãtQiVDG\9WRPWRVPUXPRKODEêWUR]KRGXMtFtRPH]HQiãtND
SDURK$SURWRåHGHYQpQiVDG\E\ORPRåQRVStãHSL]S$VRELW7HRUHWLFN\E\VHNHUN\
VURYQREåQêPLERN\PO\EêW]DVD]RYiQ\GRGHYQêFKQiVDG8NOtQ$VUHODWLYQ
~]NêPRVWtPQHE\ORWRWRKOHGLVNRWDNUR]KRGXMtFt5R]GtO\YHVW\OLVWLFNp~SUDYERN$
broušené industrie jsou statisticky významné (chq = 506.953, d.f = 18, p = 0.0) (tab.
2.7.1.A.).
2.7.2. Symetrie v bokorysu
1DSU$PWXGRURYLQ\D\O]HUR]OLãLWQiVOHGXMtFtY\PH]HQtOLQLHSRGVWDY\DKEHWX
QiVWURMHDMHMLFKV\PHWULFNpXWYiHQt.23<NRS\WRYLWê6%5$VEURXãHQê
asymetricky, SBRS - sbroušený symetricky, OBDE - obdélníkový, NEVI QHNODVLILNRYiQR-HGQiVHRSRQNXG]MHGQRGXãHQpVFKpPDQDYUKRYDQpGtYHSalaš
19849HVNXSLQ]iNODGQtFKIRUPiOQtFKWYDU$O]HSRGOHWRKRWRKOHGLVNDNODVLILNRYDW
QiOH]$3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFKGUXK$RGSRYtGiSRGtOXNOtQ$DVHNHUDVLY\MPD
DV\PHWULFN\]DEURXãHQêFKNWHUpMVRXUR]OLãHQ\MHQXVHNHUHNQHER"NOtQ\E\O\
]HMPYãHFKQ\D]HQ\PH]LNRS\WRYLWp5R]GtO\PH]LGUXK\ERNRU\VXMVRXVWDWLVWLFN\
významné (chq = 231.314, d.f.= 12, p = 0.0000).
9ERNRU\VXVH]HMPSURMHYXMHSRSUYpWHQGHQFHSHFKRGXNV\PHWULFNêPWYDU$PD
WRXVHNHUHN$V\PHWULFNêERNRU\VE\ORGYR]HQ]MLQêFKSHGORKMDNRE\O\VEURXãHQp
SDURK\QHER]DEURXãHQpStURGQtWYDU\RYiOQêFKYDORXQ$)XQNþQRVWWpWRDV\PHWULH
QHQtSURNi]iQD1DVHNHUN\E\ODSHQHVHQDQHSRFK\EQVLORXQHPQQpKRYêUREQtKR
46
VW\OXEH]RKOHGXQDSUDNWLFNpY\XåLWt9WRPO]HURYQåVSDWRYDWYêUD]QêVW\OLVWLFNê
SUYHNWYDUXNWHUêMHYHVYpPSULQFLSXQHIXQNþQtWDE$
6\PHWULHYQiU\VXSU$H]
9V\PHWULLQiU\VXQHEROLYþHOQtPSRKOHGXQDQiVWURMSURPtWDQêGRURYLQ\[\VH
QDSURWLWRPXVW\OLVWLFNêSUYHNXWYiHQtQiVWURMHVSRMXMHVSUYNHPIXQNþQtP7HQWR
SU$H]RYOLYRYDOQHSRFK\EQ~þLQQRVW~GHUXQiVWURMHPâLUãtSODQNRQYH[QtSU$H]
VYGþtRS$YRGQRVWLWHVORYLWpKR~GHUX7DNp]WRKRWRKOHGLVNDMVRXVHNHUN\YêVOHGNHP
VW\OLVWLFNpLQRYDFHYREODVWLEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
1DSU$PWXGRURYLQ\[\O]HUR]OLãLWQiVOHGXMtFtY\PH]HQtOLQLHSRGVWDY\DKEHWX
QiVWURMHDMHMLFKV\PHWULFNpXWYiHQt3.;9SODQNRQYH[QtY\VRNê3.;1
SODQNRQYH[QtQt]Nê29$/RYiOQê&2&.þRþNRYLWê%,.;ELNRQYH[Qt75$3
- trapezovitý, TROJ - trojúhelníkovitý, NEVI - neklasifikováno.). Klasifikace nárysu
QHQt]FHODURYQRFHQQiSURNOtQ\DVHNHUN\ýRþNRYLWêSU$H]VHQHY\VN\WXMHXNOtQ$D
OLFKREåQtNRYLWêStSDGQWURM~KHOQtNRYLWê]DVHFK\EtXVHNHUHN7RRVWDWQY\SOêYi]
charakteristik celého tvaru.
3RGOHWRKRWRKOHGLVNDE\ORNODVLILNRYiQRWpPQiOH]$5R]GtO\PH]L
jednotlivými variantami nárysu jsou statisticky významné (chq = 965.386, d.f.= 21, p
3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFKYDULDQWRGUiåtVStãH]iVDGQtWYDURYRXRGOLãQRVWVHNHUD
NOtQ$QHåSRGUREQMãtþOHQQtWYDU$3HFKRGNV\PHWULLQiU\VXVHSLUR]HQSURMHYXMH
VStãHXVHNHUHNQHåXNOtQ$2YiOQêQiU\VXNOtQ$MHQDRSDNUHVLGXHPVWDUãtFK
MHGQRGXããtFKYDORXQRYêFKQiVWURM$WDE$
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHE\PODY\FKi]HW]HVW\OLVWLFNêFKSUYN$SRSVDQêFKYêãH
MHMLFKåNRPELQDFtE\E\O\Y\WYRHQ\SDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\SRGOHV\PHWULHS$GRU\VX
ERNRU\VXDQiU\VXQiVWURM$3URWRåHYãDNE\WR]QDPHQDORStOLãQpUR]GUREHQtW\S$D
YêUD]QpRPH]HQtNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$MHQQDFHOpGRFKRYDQpDUWHIDNW\E\OR
SRXåLWRMLåY\SUDFRYDQpW\SRORJLHRulf 1991: 2EU7DMH]DORåHQD]þiVWLQD
PHWULFHD]þiVWLQDWYDUXQiU\VX9êVOHGNHPMVRXSDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\NOtQ$
SRGUREQMLUR]YHGHQpMHQXSODQNRQYH[QtFKWYDU$.ODVLILNDFLMHPRåQRSRYDåRYDW]D
IXQNþQVW\OLVWLFNRXQHER"MHSRXåLWRMDN]QDN$IXQNþQtFKYêãNRãtNRYêLQGH[
ãtNDWDNVW\OLVWLFNêFKQiU\V
.ODVLILNRYiQRE\ORQiOH]$6W\OLVWLFNiW\SRORJLHSODQNRQYH[QtFKNOtQ$MH
]DORåHQDQDãtNRYêãNRYpPLQGH[XNWHUêMHUR]GOHQQDWtG\VKUDQLFHPL
DãtFHVHSRGWtGDPLQDKRGQRWVKUDQLFtPPRulf 1991: 318-319).
0iORSRþHWQpMVRXNOtQ\MLQêFKSU$H]$RYiOQpREGpOQpWUDSH]RYLWpQHER
WURM~KHOQtNRYLWpDSURWRMHMLFKPHWULFNpSRGWtG\QHE\O\YWãLQRXVOHGRYiQ\
3HYDåXMtãLURNpNOtQ\W\S$ $E$E$EQDG~]NêPLNOtQ\WDE
2.7.4.A.).
2.7.5. Stylistická klasifikace seker
6W\OLVWLFNiW\SRORJLHVHNHUHNMH]DORåHQDQDWYDUXSU$H]XSODQNRQYH[QtRYiOQp
þRþNRYLWpREGpOQtNRYLWpDOLFKREåQtNRYLWpVEtKDYRVWLERN$~KHORPHJDNWHUêE\O
UR]GOHQQDWLWtG\VKUDQLFHPLVWXS$DPD[LPiOQtãtFHVHGYPDWtGDPLQD
KUDQLFLPP7DNpWDWRNODVLILNDFHE\ODY\SUDFRYiQDMLåGtYHRulf 1991: Obr. 26)
DO]HMLSRXåtWMDNR]iVWXSQRXVW\OLVWLFNRXNODVLILNDFLPtVWRSRGUREQMãtKRPRåQpKR
47
GOHQtSRGOHV\PHWULHWtSU$PW$3HYDåXMtVHNHUN\SRGW\SXDWRMVRX
VHNHUN\SODQNRQYH[QtKRQiU\VXVHVWHGQVEtKDYêPLERN\GOHQpQD~]NpLãLURNp
7\SHGVWDYXMtYtFHQHåYãHFKNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$FRåSRWYU]XMHåHWYRt
základní stylistický typ sekerek kultury s lineární keramikou. Rozdíly ve stylistické
NODVLILNDFLNOtQ$DVHNHUPH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLSRGW\S\MVRXVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT
122.621, d.f.= 52, p= 0.0000).
=iNODGQtFKURQRORJLFNpWUHQG\YêYRMHNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$E\O\SR]RURYiQ\MLåGtYH
(Vencl 19603RWRPE\O\RYHQ\QD~URYQLHWDSNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
(Rulf 1991: 3URWRåHGRIi]tO]HGDWRYDWMHQDUWHIDNW$]$VWiYiNYDQWLWDWLYQt
KRGQRFHQtMHMLFKYêVN\WXVWiOHRPH]HQR.YDOLWDWLYQVHGRVXG]QiPiIDNWDSRWYU]XMt
7R]QDPHQiåHEKHPYêYRMHVHUHODWLYQtYêãNDNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$]Y\ãXMH7\S
$EVHY\VN\WQHRGIi]HDW\S$EDåYIi]L6WDQGDUGQtW\S$EWUYiY
SU$EKXFHOpKRYêYRMHDY]iYUHþQêFKIi]tFKFK\Et&HONRYiVW\OLVWLFNiWHQGHQFH
WUYiYUiPFLYêYRMHRGQLåãtFKãLUãtFKWYDU$NY\ããtPXåãtPQiVWURM$P=WRKRO]H
VRXGLWåHVW\ONRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$VHPQLOY]iYLVORVWLQD]Y\ãRYiQt~þLQQRVWLQiVWURMH
SLMHKRSRXåtYiQtNREUiEQtGHYD
7DNpYêYRMVHNHUHNE\OSRVX]RYiQMLåGtYHVencl 1960: DRSDNRYDQQD~URYQL
etap (Rulf 1991: 322) s konstatováním jejich nízké typologicko chronologické
KRGQRW\1D~URYQLVtGHOQtFKIi]tMHPRåQRNODVLILNRYDWSRQNXGY\ããtSRþHWWYDU$
0H]LVHNHUNDPLO]H]DVWDQGDUGQtWMSUREtKDMtFtFHOêYêYRMSRYDåRYDWW\S
$DNWHUêE\ORGIi]HGRSORYiQW\SHP$E7\S$VHVLOQVEtKDYêPLERN\VH
Y\VN\WXMHDåRGIi]HDQHQtGRORåHQYHYãHFKQiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFK7RE\VYGþLOR
RMHKRVSHFLILFNpIXQNFLVStãHQHåRVW\OLVWLFNêFK]YOiãWQRVWHFK6QDGWHQWRWYDU
XPRåRYDOMLQê]S$VREXSHYQQtGRWRS$UND=EêYDMtFtW\S\MLQpKRQHå
SODQNRQYH[QtKRSU$H]XVHRMHGLQOHY\VN\WXMtYU$]QêFKIi]tFKDQLåE\GiYDO\
QMDNêY\KUDQQêFKURQRORJLFNêV\VWpP7UDSH]RYLWpMVRXVStãHPODGãtDOHY\VN\WQH
VHSRGREQêWYDULYHIi]LSDWUQMDNRQHGRVWDWHþQGRNRQþHQiIRUPDWDE
2.7.6.A., tab. 2.7.6.B.)
.
2.8. 3tEX]HQVNpQHERSUDFRYQtVNXSLQ\YRGOLãQpPSURMHYXVW\OX
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
2.8.1. Prototypy KK a PKS v komplexech
-DNRSURWRW\S\E\O\R]QDþHQ\WYDU\YPDWLFLDEVROXWQtGpON\DãtN\NWHUpVHY
VRXERUXEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHY\VN\WO\YtFHQHåWLNUiW0H]LNRS\WRYLWêPLNOtQ\MVRXWR
VHVNXSHQt]iNODGQtFKWYDU$..D..]DWtPFR..VHåiGQêQHY\VN\WOYtFHQHå
GYDNUiW0H]LVHNHUNDPLO]HRGGOLWKODYQtMiGURWYDU$ãLUãtFKQHåPPDRVWDWQt
3URWRW\S\NOtQ$LVHNHUHNE\O\VOHGRYiQ\YSRGtOXNRVWDWQtPQiVWURM$PY
jednotlivých komplexech.
3URWRW\S\VH]DþQRXY\VN\WRYDWWHSUYHRGIi]HDOHþDVWMLDåRGIi]H5HODWLYQt
SRGtOSURWRW\S$YNRPSOH[HFKNDåGpIi]HNROtVi-HMLFKYêVN\WY\WYitMDNpVLVNXSLQ\
GRP$NWHUpVHY\WYiHMtRNRORMHGQRKRQHERQNROLNDPiORGRP$VQHMY\ããtP
SRGtOHPSURWRW\S$6LWXDFHVHRSDNXMHYHYtFHIi]tFKYQLFKåMHGRORåHQRYtFH
NRPSOH[$'RP\VWDNWROpSHVWDQGDUGL]RYDQRXLQGXVWULtQHMVRXQLþtPMLQêPQiSDGQp
YHVURYQiQtVRVWDWQtPLDREY\NOHWRQHEêYDMtDQLQHMYWãtVWDYE\YHIi]L0RåQiåHVH
48
WDNSURMHYXMHGLIHUHQFLDFHPXå$SRGOHVW\OLVWLFNpYêEDY\QiVWURMLSRStSDG]EUDQPL
(obr. 2.8.1.a.).
2.8.2. Vrtané nepracovní tvary
9ãHFKQ\YUWDQpQiVWURMHNWHUpMHPRåQRGDWRYDWGRVRXERU$NXOWXU\VNHUDPLNRX
OLQHiUQtVHDGtPH]LQHSUDFRYQtQiVWURMHY\]QDþXMtFtY\ããt]DD]HQtVYpKRPDMLWHOH
7\SLFNêGYRMUDPHQQêPODWSRFKi]t]REMHNWXNWHUêSDWtGRNRPSOH[XGRPX
'LVNRYLWpPODW\SRFKi]HMt]REMHNW$D9ãHFKQ\RVWDWQtMVRX]ORPN\EOtåH
QHXUþLWHOQêFKWYDU$DOH]HWHOQYWãtFKNYiGURYLWêFKVHNHURPODW$=ORPHN]REMHNWX
QHVHVWRS\QHGRNRQþHQpKRQDYUWiQt
9êVN\WYUWDQêFKPODW$VHYiåHQiSDGQQDSHORPRYpIi]HK\SRWHWLFNêFK
YêYRMRYêFKF\NO$VtGHOQtKRDUHiOX1iSDGQêVYRMtVXURYLQRXMHSHGPW]SUYQtIi]H
NWHUêE\OQDOH]HQXGRPXVURYYêãHDNWHUêWDNGRNOiGiYêVN\WWFKWRWYDU$
MLåYHIi]L]DORåHQtDUHiOX1iVOHGXMtQiOH]\]HGYRXIi]tREQRY\DWRIi]HD
VSROHþQVDUWHIDNWHP]Ii]HNWHUiSHGVWDYRYDODYêUD]QêSRVXQDUHiOX'YDYUWDQp
nástroje se našly v objektech 23. fáze, která završuje poslední dlouhodobý cyklus
RVtGOHQtDSHGFKi]tEH]SURVWHGQGYPD]iYUHþQêPIi]tPVYêUD]QRPH]HQêP
RVtGOHQtPýiVWQiOH]$QHQtGDWRYiQDDSRFKi]t]YWãtFKL]RORYDQêFKMDP
3LSXVWtOLVHMHMLFKYHOPLSUDYGSRGREQêV\PEROLFNêYê]QDPDWXGtåMLVWi
UHSUHVHQWDFHURG$PRKOE\VHYHIi]tFK]PQ\RVtGOHQtRGUiåHWSUiYPRPHQW
Y\PHQtXUþLWpKRURGX6WtPE\PRKOREêWVSRMRYiQR]iPUQp]QLþHQtVHNHURPODWX
QHER"YHYãHFKStSDGHFKVHMHGQiR]ORPN\)i]HE\SRWRPSHGFKi]HOD
]iYUHþQê~SDGHNRVtGOHQtYDUHiOX%<YG$VOHGNXY\PHQtYtFHURG$7RWRP$åH
EêWMHGHQ]PRåQêFKYêNODG$YêVN\WXYUWDQêFKQiVWURM$YVtGHOQtPRGSDGX3UiYX
WDNRYêFKWRDUWHIDNW$VQHSUDFRYQtPYê]QDPHPO]HQHMYtFHSHGSRNOiGDWåHVHGGLO\
DSHQiãHO\GRQRYpKRGRPXDSURWRE\VHYVtGHOQtPRGSDGXQHPO\REMHYLW3RNXG
VHWDPQDMGRXMHGQiVHQHMVStãHRYêMLPHþQRXXGiORVWWDE$
2.9. 9\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQtWUDGLFHEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
6W\ORYpWtG\NOtQ$YSURVWRUXIi]tDNRPSOH[$
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DVW\ORYêFKWtGNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$YSURVWRUXIi]tGiYi
WtUR]PUQpUR]GOHQtWFKWRWYDU$NWHUpO]HLQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRVW\OLVWLFNRIXQNþQt
WtGQt3UYQtIDNWRUREUiåt]iNODGQtYêYRMRYRXWHQGHQFLVW\OXQiU\VXRG
Qt]NêFKDãLURNêFKNOtQ$N~]NêPDY\VRNêP'UXKêIDNWRUSHGVWDYXMH
]iNODGQtVNXSLQXNOtQ$NWHUpPO\SDWUQXQLYHUViOQtSRXåLWt6DPRVWDWQRXVNXSLQX
WYRtY\VRNpNOtQ\NWHUpE\O\SRXåtYiQ\SHGHYãtPMDNRVHNHUN\2GHYãHFKVH
RGGOXMHW\SVWHGQtKR~]NpKRNOtQX$DSRXåtYDQê]HMPNY\PH]HQpPXRNUXKX
þLQQRVWt9HWHWtPIDNWRUXVHSURMHYXMHUR]GtOPH]LVW\OHP~]NêFKD
ãLURNêFKWYDU$3RGOHSRVWDYHQtYHGUXKpPDWHWtPIDNWRUXSUYQtVOHGXMHYtFHPpQ
FKURQRORJLFNRXSRVORXSQRVWIi]tE\O\Y\WYRHQ\IXQNþQVW\ORYpVNXSLQ\WYDU$
9WãLQDIi]tVHXPLV"XMHYHVNXSLQãLURNêFKNOtQ$VXQLYHUViOQtPSRXåLWtP
3RNXGVHVWHMQêP]S$VREHPRKRGQRWtDUWHIDNW\SRFKi]HMtFt]MHGQRWOLYêFKNRPSOH[$
MHPRåQRVOHGRYDWXUþLWRXKODYQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNXþLQQRVWtYGDQpPGRP
.ODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$MHYãDNQHGRVWDWHNWDNåHãLUãtLQWHUSUHWDFHUR]ORåHQt
VW\OLVWLFNRIXQNþQtFKVNXSLQYGRPHFKMDNE\ORSDWUQRQDStNODGXIi]HMHREWtåQi
(obr. 2.9.1.a., obr. 2.9.1.b., tab. 2.9.1.A.).
49
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\VHNHUHNYSURVWRUXIi]tDNRPSOH[$
,QWHUSUHWDFHIDNWRU$SLNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]HVHNHUHNYSURVWRUXIi]tMHSRGREQi
3UYQtIDNWRUE\POEêWSHGHYãtPVW\OLVWLFNRFKURQRORJLFNêDYãDNYDULDELOLWDWYDU$Y
MHKRUiPFLMHQt]Ni9HGUXKpPIDNWRUXMVRXSURWLVRESRVWDYHQ\VHNHUN\V
URYQêPLKUDQDPLYQiU\VXDþRþNRYLWêPSU$H]HP'RKODYQtVNXSLQ\IXQNþQ
QHVSHFLILNRYDQpVSDGiYWãLQDWYDU$SODQNRQYH[QtKRSU$H]XDVEtKDYêFKERN$9H
WHWtPIDNWRUXVHRGGOXMtWYDU\VSODQNRQYH[QtPDRYiOQêPSU$H]HPRG
WYDU$VKUiQQêPSU$H]HP9êMLPNRXMVRXSODQNRQYH[QtVHNHUN\VHVEtKDYêPLERN\
9SURVWRUXGUXKpKRDWHWtKRIDNWRUXVHYWãLQDIi]tNXPXOXMHYHKODYQtVNXSLQ
Y\MPDIi]tDStSDGQDNWHUpPDMtVLOQMãtSRGtOKUiQQêFKWYDU$
1DSURVWiYWãLQDNRPSOH[$YHIi]LVSDGiSRGOHVHNHUHNGRKODYQtVNXSLQ\VW\ORY
IXQNþQtFKWYDU$1HSURMHYXMHVH]GHWDNRYiUR]PDQLWRVWVSHFLILFNêFKYêUREN$MDNRY
StSDGNRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$/]HWXGtåVRXGLWåHVW\OVHNHUHNDMHMLFKYê]QDPRYi
IXQNFHE\O\PQRKHPYtFHVRXVWHGQ\YMHGQRPRNUXKXþLQQRVWtQHåWRPXE\ORX
NOtQ$=WRKRY\SOêYiLMLVWiLQIRUPDþQtRPH]HQRVWVHNHUHNMHMLFKåWYDUVHYSULQFLSX
GRPRGHUQtGRE\QHPQLO.OtQ\QDRSDN]$VWDO\YêOXþQêPUHSUHVHQWDQWHPQHROLWLFNp
VSROHþQRVWLDMHMtFKU$]QRURGêFKDNWLYLWREUDREUEWDE$
,QIRUPDFHDNRPXQLNDFH]SRKOHGXEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
%URXãHQpNDPHQQpQiVWURMHMVRXSRYDåRYiQ\]DW\SLFNêDUWHIDNWV\PEROL]XMtFt
StWRPQRVWPXå$MHMLFKSUDFRYQtQDVD]HQtVtOXDPRFLYHVSROHþHQVNpVIpH8ND]XMH
QDWRSHGHYãtPNRQWH[WYHYêEDYKURE$Dohrn-Ihmig 1983: 100, Farruggia 1992:
306, Nieszery 1995, Zápotocká 1998a: NGHVHVQLPLVHWNiYiPHYPXåVNêFK
KUREHFK-DNRV\PEROVSROHþHQVNpSUHVWLåHMHPRåQRXYDåRYDWQHSUDFRYQtYUWDQp
tvary (Vencl 1960: $QWURSRORJLFN\GRORåHQpVWRS\NRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$MDNR
]EUDQtSRWYU]XMtMHQ]QiPRX]NXãHQRVWåHNDåGêQiVWURMP$åHEêWSRXåLWLMDNR]EUD
(Windl 1995, Teschler-Nicola 1995/]HWHG\tFLåHEURXãHQpDUWHIDNW\VH
Y\]QDþRYDO\ãLURNêPLQIRUPDþQtPDNRPXQLNDþQtPSRWHQFLiOHP1DSURWLWRPXY
HYURSVNpPQHROLWXYãDN]DWtPQHQtSURND]DWHOQiMHMLFKV\PEROLFNi~ORKDYHVPQ
(Velímský 1969: 111, Oliva 1985, Zimmermann 1995: 106).
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "Mano/metate designs vary by village." (Jenny L. Adams 1994: 87)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Dvoudílné mlýny
3.0. Úvod
3.0.1. Neolitické mlýny
'YRXGtOQpWHFtNDPHQ\SDWtNFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêPDUFKHRORJLFNêPQiOH]$PYQDãLFK
]HPtFKRGQHROLWXDåGRGRE\ODWpQVNp6ORXåLO\QDUR]HPtOiQt]UQLWpSRWUDY\Y
NODVLFNpPSRMHWtQDPOHWtPRXN\]RELOt-HWHEDMHRGOLãRYDWRGMLQêFKSRO\IXQNþQtFK
WHFtFKSRGORåHNQDNWHUêFKE\ODUR]WtUiQDþHUYHQiKOLQNDQHERGUFHQ\U$]QpStPVL
GRNHUDPLN\StSDGQMLQpPDWHULiO\9REODVWL3HGQtKRYêFKRGXD%DONiQX
Y\VWXSXMtVSROHþQVNDPHQQêPLPRåGêLYQLFKåE\ODRELOQi]UQDRGSOHYRYiQDSR
Y\POiFHQt]NODV$7\WRNDPHQQpPRåGêHVHQHY\VN\WXMtYQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFK
VWHGQt(YURS\YþHWQ.DUSDWVNpNRWOLQ\3RNXV\]REODVWLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLNRXXNi]DO\åHNDPHQQpPRåGêHPRKO\EêWSOQQDKUD]HQ\GHYQêPL
stoupami (Maurers-Balke - Lüning 1992).
9þHVNpWHUPLQRORJLLMHWHQWRQiVWURMSRMPHQRYiQQHMþDVWMLMDNRGYRXGtOQêWHFt
POêQ9ODVWQtPOêQ\FKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpMHGQRVPUQêPNURXåLYêPSRK\EHPMVRX
QHMQRYMLRGGORYiQ\RGWHFtFKNDPHQ$QDQLFKåVHPOHORGYRXVPUQêPSRK\EHP
podél jedné osy (Wright 1992, 1993: 6SiURYDQpNDPHQ\EêYDMtYDQJOLþWLQ
SRMPHQRYiQ\VRXKUQQêPQi]YHPJULQGLQJVODEVDMHMLFKVRXþiVWLMDNRORZHUVWRQH
DXSSHUVWRQH9DPHULFNpOLWHUDWXHVHYåLODWHUPLQRORJLHSHY]DWi]PtVWQtFK
MD]\N$RYOLYQQêFKãSDQOãWLQRXPHWDWHSURVSRGQtDPDQRSURKRUQtNiPHQ
1PHFNiWHUPLQRORJLH]G$UD]XMHIXQNþQtFKDUDNWHULVWLN\SURVWHGQLFWYtPWHUPtQ$
8QWHUOLHJHUD/lXIHUNGHåWRIUDQFRX]VNiSRXåtYiPHWDIRULFNêFKQi]Y$SLHUUH
dormant" nebo “meule” a "mollette".
7HFtPOêQ\VHREMHYXMtQD3HGQtPYêFKRGYSU$EKXHSLSDOHROLWLFNpKRYêYRMH
MDNRSU$YRGQtMHY]SUDFRYiYiQt]UQLWpSRWUDY\(Solecki 1969MHãWSHGSOQ
UR]YLQXWRXGRPHVWLNDFtRELOt-HMLFKIRUPDVHSRVWXSQY\YtMtYSU$EKXPODGãtKR
1DWXILHQXNG\VH]DþtQDMtSURMHYRYDWORNiOQtUR]GtO\YLQYHQWiLNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$
na zpracování zrnité stravy (Wright 1993: 95). Také v následujícím vývoji PPNA
NRUHVSRQGXMtWHFtNDPHQ\VYWYtFtPVHNXOWXUQtPYêYRMHPY]iYLVORVWLQD]Y\ãRYiQt
podílu kultivovaného obilí (Wright 1993: -HMLFKYêVN\WVHEKHPQiVOHGXMtFtKR
YêYRMH331%VWDELOL]RYDO6WDO\VHVSHFLILFNêPGUXKHPYDGQiVWURM$NWHUpYWp
GREGRViKO\VYpKRUR]NYWXDavis 1982+UiO\]iVDGQt~ORKXYSURFHVXStSUDY\
SRWUDY\SRþtQDMHQHROLWLFNêPLNXOWXUDPL3HGQtKRYêFKRGX(Hersh 1981). Byly
XPLV"RYiQ\QDY\KUD]HQpPPtVWYGRP3R]GMLMH]StVHPQêFKLDUFKHRORJLFNêFK
SUDPHQ$GRORåHQRMHMLFKXPtVWQtYVDPRVWDWQpPtVWQRVWL7YRLO\FHQQêLQYHQWi
GRP$NWHUêVHREMHYXMHSR]GMLMDNRVRXþiVWGGLþQêFKQHERGDURYDFtFKGRNXPHQW$
YStVHPQêFKSUDPHQHFKWHWtKRDåSUYQtKRWLVtFLOHWtS.UReiter 1996: 264).
51
9QHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFKVWHGQt(YURS\MVRXGYRXGtOQpWHFtNDPHQ\SRNOiGiQ\]D
EåQRXVRXþiVWDUFKHRORJLFNêFKQiOH]$DYãDNVSOêYDMtVRVWDWQtNDPHQQRXLQGXVWULt
RGQtåMVRXRGGORYiQ\MHQãWtSDQpDEURXãHQpQiVWURMHMDNRVDPRVWDWQiNDWHJRULH
9]KOHGHPNMHMLFKIXQNþQtPXYê]QDPXDLQIRUPDWLYQtPXREVDKXVL]DVORXåt
VRXVWHGQRXSR]RUQRVWZimmermann 1988: 725).
3.0.2. Neolitické mlýny z Bylan
Bylanské nálezy byly zatím zpracovány jen na úrovni jednoduché morfologie, vztahu
NSRXåLWêPVXURYLQiPDNYDQWLWDWLYQtFKURQRORJLH]iNODGQtFKIRUHP7\SRORJLFNi
PRUIRORJLHE\OD]SUDFRYiQDRGGOHQSURYODVWQtGYRXGtOQpWHFtNDPHQ\DSURRVWDWQt
WUN\DGUWLþH9]KOHGHPNYHONpIRUPiOQtD]HMPLIXQNþQtU$]QRURGRVWLGUXKp
VNXSLQ\NDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$QHEXGRX]GHSRGUREQMLDQDO\]RYiQ\7HFtNDPHQ\
E\O\UR]GOHQ\QDVSRGQtDKRUQtFRåO]HSLPDNURVNRSLFNpPSR]RURYiQt
RSUDFRYDQêFKSRYUFK$YHYWãLQStSDG$VSROHKOLYVWDQRYLW=KOHGLVNDQiOH]RYpKR
NRQWH[WXSRYDåXMLWRWRþOHQQt]D]iVDGQt
'ROQtNDPHQ\E\O\UR]GOHQ\QDGYKODYQtVNXSLQ\YSUYQtMVRXQHXSUDYHQpQHER
MHQQDKUXERXSUDYHQpWYDU\YHGUXKpMVRXWYDU\VGREHSDWUQRX~SUDYRXERN$+RUQt
NDPHQ\WYRtWDNpGYYHONpVNXSLQ\]QLFKåSUYQt]DKUQXMHNDPHQ\VYêUD]Q
Y\EURXãHQêPVWHGHPGUXKiNDPHQ\VYêUD]QERFKQtNRYLWXSUDYHQêPWYDUHP.H
WHFtPPOêQ$PMHSLD]HQDVNXSLQDPpQþDVWêFKSRGORåHNQDUR]WtUiQtEDUYLYDN
QLPåSDWtMHQRMHGLQOpQiOH]\SRGREQMDNRQHYêUD]QpPRåGêRYLWpIRUP\V
Y\EURXãHQêPG$ONHP3RVOHGQtDOHSDWtVStãHNIXQNþQVSHFLDOL]RYDQêPWUNiPQHå
NYODVWQtPPRåGê$PQDRGSOHYRYiQt]UQt3DYO$340).
9ê]QDPQpUR]GtO\PH]LGROQtPLDKRUQtPLNDPHQ\VHSURMHYXMt]HMPpQDXSRXåLWêFK
VXURYLQ=DWtPFRGROQtNDPHQ\MVRXSURYHGHQ\YêKUDGQ]PtVWQtFKVXURYLQþiVWFD
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$E\ODY\UREHQD]GRQiãHQêFKStVNRYF$GYRMtKRGUXKX7RVYGþt
RSR]RUQRVWLMHåE\ODWRPXWRQiVWURMLYQRYiQD-HGQiVHSHGHYãtPRGUXKRXVNXSLQX
ERFKQtNRYLWêFKKRUQtFKNDPHQ$3RGUREQpUR]GOHQtQiOH]$YRGSDGXY\SO\QXORSL
DQDOê]HVtGOLãWY0LVNRYLFtFKNGHSLSDGDMtQDMHGHQVSRGQtNiPHQGYDKRUQt
(3DYO$E2EU9%\ODQHFKQHQtWHQWRSRPUWDNMHGQR]QDþQSURNi]iQ
VStãHDOHY]KOHGHPNYWãtPXUR]SW\OXRGSDGXNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$&KURQRORJLFN\
YêVN\WGYRXGtOQêFKWHFtFKNDPHQ$YHIi]tFK]QDþQNROtVi2GWFKWR]PQVH
odvíjela prozatímní interpretace dynamiky areálu BY1 3DYO$285).
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DQHROLWLFNêFKPOêQ$
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHPOêQ$MH]DORåHQDQDDQDOê]HPHWULN\]iNODGQtFKIRUHPKRUQtFK
DGROQtFKNDPHQ$=DNULWHULXPGOHQtVORXåtKUDQLFHGDQiYUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtãtN\
]YOiã"XRERX]iNODGQtFKIRUHP.YDOLWDPOêQ$MHRKRGQRFHQDSRGOHSRXåLWêFK
VXURYLQ]EOt]NpKRRNROtQHER]HY]GiOHQMãtFK]GURM$9êVOHGQiVNyUHE\OD
Y\KRGQRFHQDSURMHGQRWOLYpGRP\DYSU$PUHFKLSURMHGQRWOLYpIi]HRVtGOHQt
Klasifikace základních forem je formulována v jednoduchých kategoriích, které
XPRåXMt]DD]HQtFRQHMYWãtKRSRþWXQiOH]$3HVWRMHVWXSHNODVLILNRYDWHOQRVWLYH
]ORPNRYpPRGSDGXGRVWLQt]NêDGRVDKXMHQHMYêãHGYRXWHWLQQiOH]$REUD
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFHE\ODIRUPXORYiQDSRGOHDQDOê]\FKRYiQtãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[X
MDNRKODYQtKRIXQNþQtKRNULWHULDQiVWURM$8GROQtFKNDPHQ$E\ORWRWRNULWHULXP
GRSOQQRRKUDQLFLãtN\PP'HVpQQiVWURM$E\OVOHGRYiQYHIi]LGRFKRYDQpKR
RSRWHEHQtNWHUpP$åHFKDUDNWHUL]RYDWSRPUPLQLPiOQtDPD[LPiOQtYêãN\7HQE\O
PHQYSRGpOQpPSURILOX3tþQêSURILONWHUêE\PRKOEêWYê]QDPQêXKRUQtFK
52
NDPHQ$QHE\OYWRPWRVPUXVOHGRYiQ'HVpQMHGRSOQQMHãWFKDUDNWHULVWLNRX
HIHNWLYQRVWL]tVNiYiQtVXURYLQSRGOHKUXEpKRSRGUR]GOHQtNYDOLW\PtVWQtFKD
Y]GiOHQMãtFKVXURYLQ
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHY\FKi]t]H]iNODGQtFKIRUHPXUþHQêFKSRPUHPGpON\KRUQtKR
NDPHQHDãtN\GROQtKRNDPHQH.URPWRKRMHXYDåRYiQWYDUSORFK\RERXþiVWt
POêQ$DWRMDNYSRGpOQpPWDNLYStþQpPSURILOX9êVOHGQiNODVLILNDFHQDYD]XMH
]MHGQRGXãHQRXIRUPRXQDGRVDYDGQtE\ODQVNRXGHVNULSWLYQtNODVLILNDFLPOêQ$
6W\OLVWLFNpW\S\MVRXGRSOQQ\DQDOê]RXSURWRW\S$NWHUpE\O\GHILQRYiQ\SRGOH
þHWQRVWLYêVN\WXDUWHIDNW$YNDWHJRULtFKãtN\DYêãN\DQDORJLFN\MDNRSURRVWDWQt
GUXK\DUWHIDNW$
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DGYRXGtOQêFKWHFtFKNDPHQ$XPRåXMHQD]iNODGXVSRiGDQêFK
]QDN$UR]OLãLWU$]QpVWXSQNODVLILNDFHDW\SRWRPVOHGRYDWYNRQWH[WHFKIRUHPIi]tD
NRPSOH[$GRP$2GSDGNWHUêMHWtPWRFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQGRYROXMHY\VORYLWK\SRWp]\L
RU$]QêFKVWUiQNiFKFKRYiQtS$YRGQtåLYpNXOWXU\
=iNODGQtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHPOêQ$KRUQtDGROQtNDPHQ\
0HWULNDGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$
'YRXGtOQpQHROLWLFNpPOêQ\MHQXWQRGOLWQHMSUYHQDGROQtDKRUQtNDPHQ\DW\
SRVX]RYDWY]iNODGQtFKYODVWQRVWHFKVDPRVWDWQ'ROQtQHSRK\EOLYpNDPHQ\MVRXY
SULQFLSXYWãtKRUQtSRK\EOLYpQHSHVDKXMtXUþLWRXYHOLNRVWDKPRWQRVW$þNROLY
EêYDMtQNG\V\PHWULFNpRERMtQHMVRXY]iMHPQ]DPQLWHOQpDY\]QDþXMtVH
SHGHYãtPFKDUDNWHULVWLFN\RULHQWRYDQêPLVWRSDPLSRSRXåtYiQt7\GRYROXMt
NODVLILNRYDWSRPUQEH]SHþQLMHMLFK]ORPN\DWDNUR]WtGLWYWãLQXQiOH]$QDGY
základní formy.
6WRS\LGHQWLILNRYDQpYE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXMVRXYåG\WYRHQ\SDUDOHOQtPLUêKDPL
NWHUpVPXMtQDVSRGQtFKNDPHQHFKSRGpOQNGORXKpRVHDQDKRUQtFKNDPHQHFK
StþQNGORXKpRVH-HGQiVHRPDNURVNRSLFN\LGHQWLILNRYDWHOQpUêK\WYRHQp
MHGQRVPUQêPY\OiPiQtPPLQHUiO$]SRYUFKXQiVWURMH0LNURVNRSLFN\
LGHQWLILNRYDWHOQpVWRS\VHY\VN\WXMtYStSDGSORãHNY\EURXãHQêFKYU$]QêFK
PLQHUiOHFKQHMþDVWMLNHPHQHFK1DWFKWRSORãNiFKO]HSL]YWãHQtSR]RURYDW
MHPQpSDUDOHOQtUêåN\1HE\O\]MLãWQ\åiGQpYtFHVPUQpVWRS\QDVSRGQtFK
NDPHQHFKQHERSRGpOQpVWRS\QDPHQãtFKNXODWêFKWUNiFK7tPE\ORPRåQRYWRPWR
VRXERUXY\ORXþLWþDVWRUHNRQVWUXRYDQpSRGORåN\WUHNVPDOêPLNXODWêPLGUWLþL
9HOLNRVWRERXIRUHPFKDUDNWHUL]XMHGpONDãtNDYêãNDDStSDGQKPRWQRVWNDPHQ$
=DWtPFRãtNDDYêãNDMVRXXUþLWHOQpQDYWãtPSRþWX]ORPN$GpONDMHPLWHOQiMHQQD
FHOêFKNXVHFKMLFKåVHGRFKRYDORSRPUQPiOR=REMHNW$VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
SRFKi]tMHQFHOêFKGROQtFKDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$]QLFKåMHQþiVWMHGDWRYDWHOQiGR
Ii]t+PRWQRVWMHVLFHPLWHOQiQDYãHFKQiOH]HFKDYãDNMHMtVWDWLVWLFNp
FKDUDNWHULVWLN\VHY]WDKXMtYWãLQRXMHQQDVRXERU]ORPN$
0HWULNDGROQtFKNDPHQ$
'ROQtNDPHQ\LNG\åYHYHOPLPDOpPSRþWXMVRXSRGOHGpON\YêUD]QUR]GOHQ\GR
GYRXVNXSLQVKUDQLFtFP9êMLPNRXMHWpPþWYHUFRYiSRGORåND]REMHNWX
LQYþtVBYA2QHY\REUD]HQRMHMtåGpONDMHPHQãtQHåFPFRåMHVSRGQt
KUDQLFHYãHFKRVWDWQtFKDUWHIDNW$6NXSLQDYWãtFKGROQtFKNDPHQ$MH]KUXED
53
GYRMQiVRENHPPHQãtFKWDNåHE\E\ORPRåQRKRYRLWRPDOêFKDYHONêFKPOêQHFK
6WDWLVWLFNpUR]GOHQtãtN\MHYãDNYHOPLQHURYQRPUQpY\]QDþXMHVHQNROLND
PRGiOQtPLSRNOHV\NWHUpVHRSDNXMt]KUXEDSRFPSRþtQDMHFP9êãNDMHYHOPL
NRQFHQWURYiQDRNRORSU$PUXPPEH]PRGiOQtFKKUDQLFDWRLSLSRGUREQMãtP
þOHQQtVWXSQLFH+PRWQRVW]ORPN$VHY\]QDþXMHYHONêPUR]SWtPDQHURYQRPUQêP
VWDWLVWLFNêPUR]GOHQtP'pONRãtNRYêLQGH[MH]HMPRYOLYQQPDOêPSRþWHP
NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKNXV$DUR]SWtPGpON\VSRGQtFKNDPHQ$1HO]HYQP]DWtPKOHGDW
QMDNpKUDQLFHSURWtGQtQiOH]$WDE$
-HGQRWOLYpPHWULFNp]QDN\VSROXYHOPLPiORNRUHOXMt1DMLQpPPtVWE\OSURNi]iQ
VLOQêY]WDKSRX]HPH]LãtNRXGROQtFKNDPHQ$DGpONRXKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
(Zimmermann 1988: FRåY\SOêYi]NRQVWUXNþQtKRSULQFLSXWRKRWRQiVWURMH
1DSRPUXPUMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWt]HMPQDWROLNQH]iOHåHORRGSRYtGDOVStãH
QiKRGQpPXUR]ORåHQtWYDUXGRVWXSQêFKNXV$VXURYLQ\9VRXERUXGROQtFKNDPHQ$VH
YãDNSURMHYXMHVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQiNRUHODFHPH]LãtNRXStSDGQYêãNRXD
KPRWQRVWt]ORPN$7HQWRY]WDKMHRYãHPWULYLiOQt]DSHGSRNODGXåHVSHFLILFNi
KPRWQRVWSRXåLWêFKVXURYLQE\ODYtFHPpQVKRGQi=FKRYiQtPHWULFNêFK]QDN$
GROQtFKNDPHQ$MHSDWUQRåHQHMYKRGQMãtSURMHMLFKIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFLE\E\OD
GpOND3URWRåHVHYãDNMHGQiMHQR]ORPNRYLWpQiOH]\DGpONXQDQLFKQHO]HPLW
SRVN\WXMHãtNDMLVWRXQiKUDGQtPRåQRVWMDNRNODVLILNDþQtNULWHULXPREUDREU
3.1.2.b.).
0HWULNDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
6WDWLVWLFNpUR]GOHQtGpON\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$Y\ND]XMHYêUD]QpSHUXãHQtYKRGQRW
FPDYãDNFHONRYêSRþHWNODVLILNRYDQêFKDUWHIDNW$QHQtRPQRKRY\ããtQHåXGROQtFK
NDPHQ$0LQLPiOQtGpONDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$FPSHVDKXMHPD[LPiOQtãtNXYWãLQ\
VSRGQtFKNDPHQ$FRåE\]QDPHQDORåHYE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXKRUQtNDPHQ\YWãLQRX
SHVDKXMtãtNXGROQtFK=iNODGQtGOHQtSRGOHWRKRWRNULWHULDE\WDNE\ORSURWHQWR
VRXERUY\ORXþHQR(Zimmermann 1988: 725)âtNDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$MHQDKUXEãt
VWXSQLFLMHGQRWQiSRGREQMDNRYêãND$YãDNQDSRGUREQMãtVWXSQLFLãtND]QDþQ
NROtViVQHYêUD]QêPLSHGO\YKRGQRWiFKREUD
6WDWLVWLFNpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYêãN\QDSRGUREQMãtVWXSQLFLY\ND]XMHMHQQHYêUD]QRX
KUDQLFLYKRGQRWFP-LåYSU$EKXNODVLILNDFHVH]GiORåHO]HKRUQtNDPHQ\GOLW
QDQLåãtDY\ããt]KUXEDQDWpWRKUDQLFLYêãN\FRåE\E\ORPRåQRSRGOHWRKRSRWYUGLW
'pONRãtNRYêLQGH[PiYHVWDWLVWLFNpPUR]GOHQtSDWUQRXKUDQLFLYKRGQRW
+PRWQRVWKRUQtFKNDPHQ$NROtViRNRORSU$PUXFDNJWDE$
0HWULFNp]QDN\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$YêUD]QQHNRUHOXMtREGREQMDNRXVSRGQtFK
NDPHQ$7DNpNRUHODFHKPRWQRVWLVPHWULFNêPL]QDN\MHQLåãtMHQXãtN\MH
VWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQiRSW]WULYLiOQtFKStþLQ=DNULWHULXPNODVLILNDFHKRUQtFK
NDPHQ$E\E\ORPRåQRSRXåtWYãHFKQ\WLPHQpUR]PU\NG\åMHMLFKVWDWLVWLFNi
UR]GOHQtY\ND]XMtXUþLWiPRGiOQtGOHQt9êUD]QpMHSURGpONXDYãDNURYQåPiOR
SRXåLWHOQpýOHQQtSRGOHYêãN\EXGHG$OHåLWpSDWUQSURIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFL0RKOL
E\FKRPSURWRSRQHFKDWVWHMQpNULWHULXPãtN\MDNRXGROQtFKNDPHQ$SHVWRåHFHOi
VNXSLQDMHYSU$PUXXåãtDFHOpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtVHQDKUXEãtVWXSQLFLVSRMXMH
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$
-HVWOLåH]$VWDQHãtNDVSROHþQêPNULWHULHPSURUR]OLãHQtIRUPiOQtFKWtGGROQtFKL
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$PXVtVHSURREVNXSLQ\QiVWURM$SRXåtWUR]GtOQêFKKUDQLFQHåMDNp
E\O\XYHGHQ\YêãH3RWRPVHY\þOHXMtþW\LWtG\GROQtFKNDPHQ$U$]QãLURNêFKD
54
þW\LWtG\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$WDNpU$]QãLURNêFK'YWHWLQ\QiOH]$MVRXYãDN]
NODVLILNDFHY\ORXþHQ\SURWRåHQDQLFKQHO]HVSROHKOLYãtNX]PLW=EêYDMtFtþiVW
QiOH]$Y\ND]XMHSUDYLGHOQpUR]GOHQtGRWDNWRGHILQRYDQêFKIRUPiOQtFKWtGFRå
XND]XMHåHNULWHULXPãtN\MHUHOHYDQWQtSURIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFLPOêQ$
3RþHWQSHYDåXMtQiOH]\YHVWHGQtFKYHOLNRVWQtFKWtGiFK9êMLPNRXMVRXYHOPL
~]NpKRUQtNDPHQ\MLFKåVHY\VN\WXMH]KUXEDRSRORYLQXPpQQHåRVWDWQtFK3RGtO
ãLURNêFKKRUQtFKNDPHQ$MHUHODWLYQQLåãtQHåSRGtOãLURNêFKGROQtFKNDPHQ$
6WDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQêUR]GtOKRGQRWYWDEXOFHO]HSLþtVWVStãHMHQWRPXIDNWX
åHMVRXYQtSRKURPDGREDGtO\POêQ$WDE$
Relativní výskyt základních forem kolísá v sekvenci sídelních fází velmi
QHSUDYLGHOQWDNåHQHY\WYitQMDNRX]HWHOQRXFKURQRORJLFNRXVWUXNWXUX3L
UHODWLYQVWDELOL]RYDQp~URYQLREåLY\YSU$EKXRVtGOHQtVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXQHO]H
SRGREQRXVWUXNWXUXRGWpWR]iNODGQtNODVLILNDFHRþHNiYDW=SRGtOXYãHFKQiOH]$MH
PLQLPiOQtSRþHWGRFKRYiQYHIi]LPD[LPiOQtYIi]L
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9ê]QDPQMãtMHQHSRFK\EQUHODWLYQtSRþHWQiOH]$QDMHGHQG$PYHIi]LNWHUêMH
SHGHYãtPGRNODGHPYDULDELOLW\GRFKRYDQpKRRGSDGXWFKWRDUWHIDNW$7DWRYDULDELOLWD
VSROXVGDOãtPL]QDN\SRGtOEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHDSHYDåXMtFtRULHQWDFHRGSDGXVURY
3DYO$285) E\ODSRGNODGHPSURK\SRWp]XRSURPQOLYpNRQWLQXLWD
GLVNRQWLQXLW]iVWDYE\RE\WQpKRDUHiOXýtVODVHSRDXWRPDWLFNpDQDOê]HGDWOLãtMHQY
GHWDLOHFKNURPIi]HNGHE\O\Q\Qt]DSRþtWiQ\þW\LGRP\DSRGtOQDMHGHQG$PMH
RSURWLS$YRGQtWDEXOFHQLåãtS$YRGQQ\Qt3RGtOY\ããtQHåPOêQ\QDMHGHQ
G$PMHQ\QtGRORåHQYHIi]tFKD-DNE\ORXYHGHQRYêãH
SRGREQRXG\QDPLNXRGSDGXY\ND]XMtLMLQpDUWHIDNW\FRåSRVLOXMHS$YRGQtK\SRWp]X
RMLVWêFKSHORPHFKYHYêYRMLVtGOLãW7\WRSHORP\YãDNVDP\RVREQHSURND]XMt
GORXKRGREMãtSHVWiYN\YHY\XåtYiQtMHGQRKRRE\WQpKRDUHiOXWDE$
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QiVWURMH]DDGLWSRX]HMHGQXSWLQXYãHFKDUWHIDNW$/]HVRXGLWSRX]HåHãLURNpIRUP\
SHYDåXMtYHVWDUãtPYêYRMLY\MPDIi]HNGHMHXUþLWêSRGtOãLURNêFKGROQtFK
NDPHQ$DDYQLFKåVHY\VN\WQRXãLURNpKRUQtNDPHQ\5R]GtO\YHYêVN\WX
IRUPiOQtFKW\S$PRKRXEêWVStãHQiKRGQp6RXVWHGQtVHQDVWHGQtWYDU\YPODGãtFK
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3.1.5.a.).
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]D]iNODGQtFKIRUHPYSURVWRUXIi]tSRWYU]XMHMHMLFK
GLFKRWRPLLNWHUiYãDNQHQtMHGQR]QDþQYi]iQDQDQNWHUpIi]H6StãHVHMHYtMDNR
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VRXVWHXMtYtFHYPODGãtFKIi]tFKFRåE\PRKORRGUiåHWLMLVWRXQDV\FHQRVWRGSDGX
WRKRWRGUXKXQiVWURM$EKHPGHOãtKRREGREtREêYiQtMHGQRKRDUHiOX6DPRVWDWQVH
Y\þOHXMHVNXSLQDMLQiNWHUi]DKUQXMHQHXUþLWHOQp]ORPN\SRStSDGQHW\SLFNp
QiOH]\=QLFKQLNROLYYãHFKQ\PXVtQiOHåHWNYODVWQtPGYRXGtOQêPPOêQ$PDY
GDWHFKMHO]HSRNOiGDW]DXUþLWêLQIRUPDþQtãXP
55
(NRQRPLND]tVNiYiQtVXURYLQDYêURE\POêQ$
3.2.1. Mlýny jako odpad ve stavebních komplexech
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YêFKRGQtVWUDQGRP$URYQRPUQYMHMLFK69D-9NYDGUDQWX'ROQtNDPHQ\VH
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QtåYãDNSRFKi]tPHQãtPQRåVWYtQiOH]$REUD
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GHILQRYiQ\WLWtG\ORNiOQtFKVXURYLQNWHUpVHOLãLO\MHQVYêPJHRORJLFNêPS$YRGHP
/2.$/9]GiOHQMãtVXURYLQ\E\O\UR]GOHQ\GRþW\WtGSRGOHVWRXSDMtFt
Y]GiOHQRVWL]GURM$=21$/7HWtDþWYUWiVNXSLQD]DKUQXMHKRUQLQ\SRXåtYDQp
YêOXþQSURãWtSDQRXLQGXVWULL0OêQ\E\O\]KRWRYRYiQ\]KRUQLQGRVDåLWHOQêFKY
þDVRYpPLQWHUYDOXQNROLNDGQtFK$]H3DYO$3UR~þHO\WpWRDQDOê]\
se rozlišují jen suroviny lokální a nelokální.
=DVWRXSHQtORNiOQtFKVXURYLQMHURYQRPUQUR]ORåHQRGR]iNODGQtFKIRUHPGROQtFKD
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$/RNiOQtGUXK\WDNpSHGVWDYXMtYãHFK]SUDFRYiYDQêFKVXURYLQ
$QLUR]ORåHQtWFKWRVXURYLQYUiPFLIRUPiOQtFKW\S$VHQLMDNYêUD]QQHUR]GOXMHD
SRK\EXMHVHPH]L±MHGQRWOLYêFKW\S$-HMLFKWåLãWMHYVRXODGXVPQRåVWYtP
IRUHPYHVWHGQYHONêFKW\SHFK1HORNiOQtVXURYLQ\VHYê]QDPQNRQFHQWUXMtX
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$NGHGRVDKXMt8GROQtFKNDPHQ$MVRXVStãHYêMLPHþQp0H]L
IRUPiOQtPLW\S\MVRXW\WRVXURYLQ\URYQRPUQUR]ORåHQ\WDE$WDE
3.2.2.B.).
56
3RGtOPOêQ$YGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRXDGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt
$EVROXWQtLUHODWLYQtUR]ORåHQt]iNODGQtFKIRUHPPOêQ$NWHUpVHQDOH]O\XGRP$V
MHGQRGXFKRXD]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWtMH]KUXEDVKRGQpDKRGQRW\YWDEXOFH
QHY\ND]XMtVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\=FHODRGOLãQêMHYãDNSRGtOQiOH]$QDMHGHQ
G$P7HQMHYêUD]QGYRMQiVREQêXGRP$VH]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWt3URGROQt
NDPHQ\MHWpPGYDDS$ONUiWY\ããt3RGREQMDNRXRVWDWQtFKDUWHIDNW$O]H]WRKR
XVX]RYDWåHPOêQ\KUiO\~ORKXLNRQXSRþWXRE\YDWHOMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$$þNROLY
MVRXFKDUDNWHULVWLFNpSURåHQVNRXþiVWSRSXODFHY]WDKXMtVHYWpWRVRXYLVORVWLQD
YãHFKQ\RE\YDWHOHQHER"VORXåtNStSUDYVWUDY\SURFHORXGRPiFQRVW7XWRWH]LMH
PRåQRSRYDåRYDW]DVDPR]HMPRXRSWVRKOHGHPQDVWDQGDUGL]RYDQê]S$VREREåLY\
G$OHåLWpMHYãDNåHVHYê]QDPQSURMHYLODLYHVORåHQtRGSDGXWDE$
2UJDQL]DFHYêURE\POêQ$DMHMLFKXåtYiQt
3.3.1. Formální typy v prostoru fází jako genotypy
6NXSLQDNWHUi]DKUQXMHQHVSHFLILNRYDQpW\S\QHE\ODGRNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\
IRUPiOQtFKW\S$YSURVWRUXIi]t]DD]HQD9êVOHGQêSUYQtIDNWRUNWHUêE\POEêW
FKURQRORJLFNêVHSUDNWLFN\QHSURMHYtYWãtPUR]OLãHQtPW\S$9êMLPNRXMHGROQt
ãLURNpGUWLGORNWHUpVHYiåHQDIi]LSRStSDGMHãWQDDIi]L$QLWRWR
XVNXSHQtPXYãDNQHGiYiYWãtFKURQRORJLFNRXKRGQRWX'UXKêIDNWRUMHYêUD]Q
YHOLNRVWQtRGSRYtGiSRVWXSQpPXUR]ãLRYiQtWYDU$7êNiVHMDNGROQtFKWDNLKRUQtFK
NDPHQ$1HMãLUãtWYDU\PDMtQHMY\ããtSR]LWLYQtKRGQRW\REUD
-DNRJHQRW\S\YL]NDSPRKRXEêWSRGOHYêVOHGNXWpWRDQDOê]\R]QDþHQ\
VWHGQtWYDU\GROQtFKLKRUQtFKNDPHQ$NWHUpVHYSURVWRUXIi]tFKRYDMtVWDELOL]RYDQ
8åãtWYDU\Y\VWXSXMtVIi]HPLD]DWtPFRãLURNpWYDU\VHYiåRXQDIi]H
D3RVOHGQtE\PRKO\Y\]QDþRYDWIi]HYQLFKåE\ODY\ããtSRWHEDPOHWt
5R]ãLRYiQtSORFK\POêQXPRKORYpVWNYWãtHIHNWLYQRVWLSUiFH=QDPHQDORYãDN
]iURYHY\QDNOiGiQtYWãtHQHUJLHDSURWRQDPiKDYMãtSUiFL-LQêPG$YRGHPE\
PRKOEêWPHQãtSRþHWSUDFRYQLFNWHUpVHQDPOHWtSRGtOHO\
3.3.2. Formální typy v komplexech fází 19 - 22 jako fenotypy
9DULDELOLWXXYQLWIi]tO]HSRVRXGLW]YêVOHGNXNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\IRUPiOQtFK
W\S$YSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$GRP$3URWRåHYHYWãLQIi]tMHQt]NêSRþHWDUWHIDNW$E\OD
tato analýza provedena jen pro úsek fází 19 – 22. Vyjma 20. fáze obsahují ostatní více
QHåWLFHWPOêQ$QHERMHMLFK]ORPN$3UYQtGYDIDNWRU\O]HREWtåQLQWHUSUHWRYDW
.RPSOH[\Ii]HVHVRXVWHXMtXSURVWHGSURVWRUXDIDNWRUXDMVRX
FKDUDNWHUL]RYiQ\SHGHYãtPKRUQtPLVWHGQtPLG$PDKRUQtPLãLURNêPLG$P
NDPHQ\.RPSOH[\DIi]HMVRXYWRPWRSURVWRUXUR]GOHQ\YåG\GRGYRX
VNXSLQ9HIi]LMHWRG$PSURWLGRPXYHIi]LGRP\D
9ãHFKQ\IRUPiOQtW\S\POêQ$Y\ND]XMtYDULDELOLWXPH]LNRPSOH[\DO]HMHSURWR
R]QDþLW]DIHQRW\S\REUD
.YDOLWDPOêQ$YMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKDIi]tFK
6NyUHPtFtNYDOLWX]SUDFRYiQtPOêQ$E\ORY\WYRHQRMDNRVRXþLQ]QiPHN
]iNODGQtFKIRUHPDVXURYLQ=iNODGQtIRUP\E\O\RKRGQRFHQ\SRVWXSQRGKRUQtFK
SHVGROQtSRMLQpMDNRVXURYLQ\]RQiOQtDORNiOQt+RUQtNDPHQ\
Y\åDGRYDO\VYêPLWYDU\Y\QDORåHQtYtFHSUiFHDYWãt]UXþQRVWSLYêURE=RQiOQt
VXURYLQ\MVRX]HMPNYDOLWQMãtQHåORNiOQt6RXþLQHPWRKRWRVNyUHDUHODWLYQtKR
57
YêVN\WXMHGQRWOLYêFKIRUHPYNRPSOH[HFKE\OSURNDåGêG$PVSRþtWiQNRHILFLHQW
NYDOLW\POêQ$YGDQpPGRP7HQVHSRK\EXMHRGMHåR]QDþXMHKRUQtNDPHQ\
Y\UREHQp]H]RQiOQtFKVXURYLQMDNRQHMNYDOLWQMãtDåSRMHå]QiPNXMHMLQp
NDPHQ\]ORNiOQtFKVXURYLQMDNRQHMPpQNYDOLWQt=SU$PURYiQtPWFKWRNRHILFLHQW$
YUiPFLIi]HSDNE\ODY\SRþWHQDKRGQRWDVNyUHSURFHORXIi]LREUD
9UiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tVNyUHNYDOLW\YNRPSOH[HFKQHSUDYLGHOQNROtVi
3RURYQiPHOLYãDNFHONRYpKRGQRW\SURIi]HYFHOpVHNYHQFLXND]XMHVHåHNROtViQt
odpovídá hypotéze o dynamice kontinuity a diskontinuity osídlování obytného areálu
%<1HMNYDOLWQMãtNRHILFLHQWY\ND]XMHSUYQtIi]HQHMPpQNYDOLWQtSRVOHGQt9
~VHFtFKPH]LREQRYHQtPDUHiOXGRFKi]tYåG\NSRNOHVXNYDOLW\YSU$EKXQNROLND
následujících fází a k jejímu zvýšení ve fázi obnovy. To by ukazovalo na odpovídající
G\QDPLNXREQRYRYiQtLQYHQWiHPOêQ$YMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFK%KHPNRQWLQXiOQtKR
VtGOHQtE\O\POêQ\EXWRSHQiãHQ\QHERREQRYRYiQ\]PtVWQtFK]GURM$9HIi]L
REQRY\VHYåG\]Y\ãRYDOSRGtO]FHODQRYêFKDNYDOLWQMãtFKDUWHIDNW$Y\UREHQêFKWDNp
WHED]GRQiãHQêFKVXURYLQ
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtPOêQ$YV\VWpPXREåLY\D
GOE\SUiFH
3.4.1. Desén pracovní plochy
8QiVWURMHMHKRåSULQFLSVSRþtYiQDGYRXSORFKiFKPH]LQLPLåMHGUFHQU$]Qê
PDWHULiOEXGHMHKRIXQNþQRVW~PUQiYHOLNRVWLY]iMHPQVHGRWêNDMtFtFKSORFK7DWR
YHOLNRVWE\ODRSWLPDOL]RYiQDSHGHYãtPXUþLWêPLHUJRQRPLFNêPLSRåDGDYN\MDNRMH
QHMYKRGQMãtUR]SWtUXNRXNWHUpSRK\ERYDO\KRUQtPNDPHQHPQHERVtODNWHURXE\OR
QXWQRNWRPXWRSRK\EXY\QDORåLW(Adams 1994: 81). =WRKRWRKOHGLVND]DPpQ
SRGVWDWQpO]HR]QDþLWYODVWQRVWLSRXåLWêFKKRUQLQMDNRMHMHMLFKSHYQRVWQHER
VSHFLILFNiKPRWQRVW0QRKHPG$OHåLWMãtE\OD]HMPRGROQRVWPDWHULiO$SURWLRWUX
9QHSRVOHGQtDGKUiODUROLKUXERVWSRYUFKXNDPHQ$NWHUiPXVHODEêWYQNWHUêFK
StSDGHFKXSUDYRYiQDVSHFLiOQtPLRWORXNDþL
=PLWHOQêFK]QDN$GRVWDWHþQSR]RURYDWHOQêFKLQD]ORPFtFKMHSURIXQNFLPOêQ$
]YOiãWGLDJQRVWLFNiãtNDDQDQt]þiVWL]iYLVOiYêãNDDUWHIDNW$3URGROQtLKRUQt
NDPHQ\VHKRGQRW\RERXYHOLþLQþiVWHþQSHNUêYDMt3HYDKDY\ããtFKKRGQRWSUR
GROQtNDPHQ\MHG$VOHGNHPMHMLFKFHONRYYWãtPDVLYQRVWL3RPUãtN\NYêãFH
]$VWiYiSURREVRXþiVWLPOêQ$SRGREQêFRåGRNOiGiåHGROQtLKRUQtNDPHQ\E\O\
]KRWRYRYiQ\]KUXEDYHVKRGQpPSRPUXPHWULFNêFK]QDN$âtNRYêãNRYêLQGH[
QHGiYiYãDNViPRVREMHGQR]QDþQpNULWHULXPSURNODVLILNDFLWYDU$6WRS\SRXåtYiQt
LGHWDLO\WYDURYiQtKRUQtFKNDPHQ$YãDNSUDNWLFN\Y\OXþXMtMHMLFKY]iMHPQp
]DPRYiQt
2EUD.RUHODFHYêãN\DãtN\POêQ$$GROQtNDPHQ\%KRUQtNDPHQ\
8GROQtFKNDPHQ$E\OKUXEXSUDYRYiQWYDUGRSORFKpKRNYiGUXQNG\VH]NRVHQêPL
ERN\WDNåHMHMLFKStþQêSU$H]GiYDOOLFKREåQtNVWRMtFtQDNUDWãt]iNODGQ
3HVDKXMtFtKRUQtSORFKDXVQDGRYDODVSDGiYiQtUR]HPOHWpKRPDWHULiOXQDSRGORåNX
+RUQtNDPHQ\E\O\REY\NOHQDYãHFKVWUDQiFKXSUDYRYiQ\EXWRGRSUDYLGHOQêFK
NYiGU$QHERGRFKDUDNWHULVWLFNpKRSODQNRQYH[QtKRWYDUXERFKQtNX3ORFKp
NYDGUDWLFNpWYDU\PO\MHãWþDVWRDV\PHWULFN\XSUDYHQpNUDWãtVWUDQ\-HGQDE\OD
URYQVHt]QXWiDGUXKi]~åHQiGRMDNpVLUXNRMHWLFRåXVQDGRYDORYHGHQtNDPHQHSL
POHWt.YDGUDWLFNpVSRGQtNDPHQ\DERFKQtNRYLWpKRUQtNDPHQ\E\O\SRXåtYiQ\MHQ
SRMHGQpVWUDQ.YDGUDWLFNpKRUQtNDPHQ\MVRXQNG\Y\EURXãHQ\SRRERXVWUDQiFK
58
2SRWHEHQtSUDFRYQtSORFK\
9SU$EKXPOHWtGRFKi]HORYG$VOHGNXPHFKDQLFNêFKVLONWHUpS$VRELO\QDSRYUFK
NDPHQ$NU$]QêPW\S$PRSRWHEHQt3ULQFLS\WULERORJLHQDXN\NWHUiVH
RSRWHERYiQtPSRYUFK$SLRWtUiQt]DEêYiDSOLNRYDOD-$GDPVQDDUFKHRORJLFNp
kamenné nástroje (Adams 1994: 26). Hlavní mechanická síla se skládá ze dvou
VORåHNYHUWLNiOQtKRWODNXDKRUL]RQWiOQtKRWDKXNWHUpVHNRPELQXMtVPLNURVNRSLFNRX
~QDYRXPDWHULiOXýWYUWêW\SRSRWHEHQtWULERFKHPLFNpNWHUpY\WYitQDSRYUFKX
QiVWURM$U$]QpSRYODN\QHERROHãWQtYG$VOHGNXFKHPLFNêFKUHDNFtU$]QêFK
PDWHULiO$QHE\ORQDPOêQHFK]DWtPVOHGRYiQR
3R]RURYDWHOQêPG$VOHGNHPRSRWHEHQtMHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNp]DREOHQtSRYUFKXNWHUpMH
XVSRGQtFKLKRUQtFKNDPHQ$REGREQp9êVOHGNHPMHYRERXStSDGHFKWUHQGY\WYiHW
PtUQNRQNiYQtPLVNRYLWêSURILOYSRGpOQpRVH9VRXODGXVWtPE\POEêWYStþQp
RVHSURILONRQYH[Qt9]iYLVORVWLQDSRPUXGpON\KRUQtKRNDPHQHDãtN\GROQtKR
NDPHQHP$åHEêWStþQpSURKQXWtGROQtKRNDPHQHNRQNiYQtY\GXWpMHOLKRUQt
kámen kratší, a konvexní (vypouklé), je-li horní kámen delší (Zimmermann 1988:
741).
9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVHYãDNStþQpNRQNiYQtSURKQXWtGROQtFKNDPHQ$SUDNWLFN\
QHY\VN\WXMH3tþQpSURILO\MVRXEXWRURYQpFRåE\POR]QDPHQDWåHGpONDKRUQtKR
NDPHQHVHSLEOLåQURYQDODãtFHGROQtKRQHERNRQYH[Qt3UYQtStSDGMHþDVWMãt
MHVWOLåHKRUQtNiPHQE\OERFKQtNRYLWêGUXKêNG\åE\ONYiGURYLWê3tþQpSURKQXWt
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$MHREY\NOHNRQYH[QtDWRYG$VOHGNXRERXVWUDQQêFKWODN$QDPOHFt
kámen (Adams 1993, 1994: 83), StSDGQQHXYGRPOpKRPQQtMHKRSRVWDYHQt
0tURXRSRWHEHQtMHSRWRPSRPUPD[LPiOQtYêãN\NDPHQHPHQpXNYiGURYLWêFK
WYDU$REY\NOHQDMHKRNRQFLNPLQLPiOQtGRFKRYDQpYêãFH-HPRåQRMHMPLWYRERX
RViFKYGpOFHDãtFHNDPHQHDOHYGDOãtPMHXYiGQRMHQRSRWHEHQtPHQpY
SRGpOQpRVH3URKRUQtNDPHQ\MHYêUD]QELPRGiOQtDSRK\EXMHVHRGKRGQRWGR
D7R]QDPHQiåHPOHFtNiPHQE\ORSRWHERYiQDå]HGYRXWHWLQSHGWtP
QHåVHUR]ORPLO7êNiVHWRYHVPVNYiGURYLWêFKW\S$Y\UREHQêFK]U$]QêFKGUXK$
PtVWQtFKUXOSHGHYãtPVYRURYpUXO\9êNODGGUXKpVNXSLQ\POêQ$NWHUpE\O\
RSRWHEHQ\MHQ]MHGQpWHWLQ\DPpQ]DWtPFK\Et-HPRåQRVHGRPQtYDWåHVHMHGQi
RRGORåHQpMHãWSOQQHXSRWHEHQpQiVWURMHNWHUpE\O\GUXKRWQUR]OiPiQ\
2SRWHEHQtGROQtFKNDPHQ$VHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tKRGQRWLQGH[XRGGR
WHG\PD[LPiOQtRSRWHEHQtMHXQLFKY\ããt7RE\RGSRYtGDORMHMLFKVWDFLRQDULWNWHUi
XPRåRYDODGORXKRGREMãtXSRWHEHQtQHåVHNiPHQSHORPLO5R]ORåHQtþHWQRVWtMH
VOHGRYDWHOQpMHQSURPDOêSRþHWDUWHIDNW$DMHKRGOHQtQDVNXSLQ\QHQtSURWR
MHGQR]QDþQSURYHGLWHOQp3U$PUQpRSRWHEHQtMHXRERXþiVWtPOêQ$]KUXEDVWHMQp
QHERRNRORGRFKRYDQpSRþiWHþQtYêãN\REUDREUE
&KURQRORJLFN\QHY\WYitLQGH[RSRWHEHQtåiGQRXYêUD]QRXDGX3LY\MiGHQtMHQ
GYRXVWXS$RSRWHEHQtQDGSU$PUQpKRPpQQHåGRFKRYDQpYêãN\D
SRGSU$PUQpKRYtFHQHåVHIi]HFKRYDMtWHPL]S$VRE\5RYQRPUQMVRX
POêQ\RSRWHERYiQ\YHIi]tFKD1DGSU$PUQpRSRWHEHQtSHYDåXMHYH
Ii]tFKY\MPDYL]YêãHD9H]EêYDMtFtFKIi]tFKMHRSRWHEHQt
VStãHSRGSU$PUQp1DGSU$PUQpRSRWHEHQtVHVRXVWHXMHGRIi]tSHGKLiWHPDGR
~VHNXUHODWLYQVWDELOL]RYDQpKRYêYRMHYREGREtSRVWRSWLPiOQtKRVWDGLDNHUDPLFNp
FKURQRORJLH3RGSU$PUQpRSRWHEHQtVHQDRSDNVRXVWHXMHGR~VHNXIi]tVWDUãtKR
YêYRMHRG]iYUXQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQGRRSWLPDVWHGQtKRVWXSQWDE$
59
-HGQRWOLYpIXQNþQtW\S\QHMVRXRSRWHEHQ\URYQRPUQ2SRWHEHQtMHGQRWOLYêFK
IXQNþQtFKW\S$MHUR]GtOQpSURQLåãtDY\ããtIRUP\1t]NpNDPHQ\MVRXVStãH
SRGSU$PUQRSRWHERYiQ\DWRMDNXW\S$KRUQtFKWDNLGROQtFKNDPHQ$1t]Ni
YêãND]HMPYWãtRSRWHEHQtQHGRYRORYDOD9\ããtIRUP\MVRXXKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
]KUXEDURYQRPUQRSRWHERYiQ\VPtUQRXSHYDKRXSRGSU$PUQpKRRSRWHEHQt
9\ããtIRUP\GROQtFKNDPHQ$MVRXQDSURWLWRPXYêUD]QQDGSU$PUQRSRWHERYiQ\
FRåVYGþtRPD[LPiOQtPY\XåtYiQtVWDFLRQiUQtFKVORåHNGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$
+RUQtMVRXYHVPVRSRWHEHQ\SRGSU$PUQQHERDOHVSRMHMLFKYWãtþiVW=GROQtFK
MHQQHMPHQãtW\S'23RGOHWRKRE\PHQãtIRUP\E\O\YSU$PUXPpQSRXåtYiQ\
QHåIRUP\YWãt-DNRNG\E\W\WRIRUP\SHGVWDYRYDO\MLVWpStUXþQtQiVWURMH
SRXåtYDQpMHQGRSONRYWDE%
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
1D]iNODGNRUHODFtãtN\DãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[XMHGHILQRYiQRWtGIXQNþQt
NODVLILNDFHPOêQ$)817.RUHODFHãtN\DãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[XKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
MHGiQDSU$PUQRXKRGQRWRX5 1 3URWRåHUR]SWtãtNRYêFKKRGQRWMH
SRPUQ~]NpMHMHMLFKþOHQQtPRåQpMHQSRGOHKRGQRWLQGH[X+UDQLFHNG\ãtNDMH
WURMQiVRENHPDþW\QiVRENHPYêãN\UR]GOXMtPLWHOQpKRUQtNDPHQ\QDWLVNXSLQ\
7\WRWtG\O]HR]QDþLW]DIXQNþQtW\S\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$REUD
.RUHODFHãtN\DãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[XGROQtFKNDPHQ$MHPQRKHPQLåãtDMHGiQD
KRGQRWRX5 1 =DXUþLWRXGOLFtKUDQLFLO]HSRYDåRYDWãtNXFPD
]iURYHãtNRYêãNRYêLQGH[VKRGQRWRX9]QLNDMtWDNþW\LIXQNþQtWtG\GROQtFK
NDPHQ$/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHKUDQLFHãtN\RNRORFPSHGVWDYXMHPD[LPXP
UR]PUXGROQtFKNWHUpE\O\NRPELQRYiQ\VGHOãtPLKRUQtPLNDPHQ\âLUãtGROQt
NDPHQ\E\PO\EêWVStãHNRPELQRYiQ\VHVWHMQGORXKêPLQHERNUDWãtPLKRUQtPL
NDPHQ\,QWDNWQtQiOH]\NWHUpE\WXWRWH]LRYRYDO\YãDNY%\ODQHFKFK\Et
3RþHWQiOH]$NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKSRGOHIXQNþQtFKNULWHULtD]iURYHGRVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t
MHSRPUQQt]Nê1 -HGQRWOLYpIXQNþQtW\S\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$VHY\VN\WQRX
QiKRGQYHYãHFKIi]tFK9DIi]LNGHMH]DFK\FHQRYtFHQHåDUWHIDNW$
SHYDåXMtQt]NpKRUQtNDPHQ\D]DKUQXMtDåWHWLQXYãHFKQiOH]$1t]NpGROQtNDPHQ\
SHYDåXMtYHYWãLQIi]t9WYRtMHGQXSWLQXYHIi]LGYSWLQ\YãHFKQiOH]$
9\ããtW\S\SHYDåXMtYHIi]tFKDNWHUpYHVPVREVDKXMtPLQLPiOQtSRþHW
DUWHIDNW$WDNåHYêNODGWFKWRPD[LPMHYPH]tFKQiKRGQpKRYêVN\WXIXQNþQtFK
W\S$PWDED
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLNRPSOH[X
(NRQRPLND]tVNiYiQtDXSRWHEHQtVXURYLQ
3URWRåHSURYêUREXPOêQ$E\O\SRXåtYiQ\SHYDKRXMHQGYRMtVXURYLQ\R]QDþHQp
SRGOHS$YRGXMDNRORNiOQtD]RQiOQtE\O\W\WRWtG\MHãWSRGUR]GOHQ\SRGOH
PHFKDQLFNêFKYODVWQRVWt9SUYQtE\ODRGGOHQDVNXSLQDSHYQMãtFKKRUQLQMDNRQDS
RUWKRUXO\QHERPLJPDWLWL]RYDQpUXO\RGVNXSLQ\GURELYMãtFKKRUQLQMDNRQDS
VYRURYpUXO\QHERGYRMVOtGQpUXO\9HGUXKpWtGE\O\SRWRPRGGOHQ\MHPQpD
VWHGQ]UQLWpStVNRYFHRGKUXEêFK7\WRVNXSLQ\Y\WYiHMtYSURVWRUXVtGHOQtFKIi]t
YêUD]QSRODUL]RYDQpGYRMLFH
60
-HOLSUYQtIDNWRUYNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]HRYOLYQQFKURQRORJLtDOHVSRYXUþLWêFK
þDVRYêFK~VHFtFKMHGUXKêIDNWRU]HMPVXURYLQRYê9MHKRMiGUXMVRXRERMtORNiOQt
KRUQLQ\SRXåtYDQpSURGROQtLKRUQtNDPHQ\DQDRNUDMtFKSURVWRUXVHRGGOXMt
StVNRYFHSRGOHKUXERVWL]UQ7\WRVXURYLQ\]HY]GiOHQMãtFK]GURM$E\O\Y\XåtYiQ\
YêKUDGQSURKRUQtNDPHQ\=KOHGLVNDIXQNFHKRUQtFKNDPHQ$E\O]HMPYêEU
VXURYLQSURYiGQYGRPRþHPåVYGþtSUiYGRQiãHQtY]GiOHQMãtFKKRUQLQ-HPQp
StVNRYFHDGURELYpUXO\VWRMtYHGUXKpPIDNWRUXSURWLKUXER]UQQêPStVNRYF$P7R
XND]XMHQD]iPUQêYêEUKRUQLQVOHGXMtFtQHMVStãHIXQNþQtYDULDQW\KRUQtFKPOêQ$
0RKORE\VHMHGQDWRGYIi]HUR]HPtOiQt]UQQHERRUR]GOHQpGUFHQtU$]QêFKGUXK$
PDWHULiO$REUD
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYGRP
6OHGRYDQêSRþHW]iNODGQtFKIRUHPYRGSDGXXGRP$VUR]GtOQêPVWHGHPYL]
XNi]DOåHSRGtOKRUQtFKNDPHQ$MHXGRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHP]YêãHQê[
]DWtPFRSRGtOGROQtFKNDPHQ$MHYWFKWRGRPHFKYêUD]QY\ããt[3RGtO
IXQNþQtFKW\S$MHYãDNYHOPLY\URYQDQêYRERXStSDGHFK7DE$/]H
XYDåRYDWYOLYSRGVWDWQQLåãtNODVLILNRYDWHOQRVWLSRGOHIXQNþQtFK]QDN$SURKRUQt
XGROQtFKMHQ7DNRYêWRSRPUE\SRWRPE\OGRNODGHPNXOWXUQtFK
WUDQVIRUPDFtQHERSRVWGHSR]LþQtFKSURFHV$QLNROLYSR]$VWDWNHPVNODGE\S$YRGQtKR
GRPiFtKRKRVSRGiVWYt7tPVHYãDNOLãtMDNRGVORåHQtNHUDPLFNpKRRGSDGXWDNL
ãWtSDQêFKDEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$YL]YêãH8POêQ$VHGiSHGSRNOiGDWåHE\O\
LQGH[HPSRþWXåHQYGRPNWHUpQDQLFKSUDFRYDO\SLStSUDYSRWUDY\7RPX
RGSRYtGiFKRYiQt]iNODGQtFKIRUHPGROQtFKNDPHQ$NWHUpE\O\VYRXSRYDKRX
VWDFLRQiUQt1LåãtSRGtOKRUQtFKNDPHQ$YGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQRXþiVWtMHVStãH
RGUD]HPPRELOLW\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$MHMLFKåQHRSRWHERYDQpH[HPSOiHPRKO\EêWSL
SHVWDYEGRP$SHQiãHQ\GRQRYpKRVtGODDE\O\SHGPWHPGGLFWYt
1DGSU$PUQpLSRGSU$PUQpRSRWHEHQtMHYãDNXGRP$VMHGQRGXFKRXD]GYRMHQRX
VWHGQtþiVWtUR]ORåHQR]FHODVKRGQ7DE%YSRPUXNG\å
SRPUGRP$MH3U$PUQêLQGH[RSRWHEHQtMHYGRPHFKVMHGQRGXFKRX
VWHGQtþiVWt1 DYGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQRXVWHGQtþiVWt
-HWHG\YHGUXKpPStSDGQHSDWUQY\ããtDYãDNQLNROLYGYRMQiVREQMDNE\
E\ORPRåQRRþHNiYDW8YHGHQp~GDMHYHGRXN]iYUXåHDNWLYLW\VSRMHQpV
SRXåtYiQtPPOêQ$YGRPHFKVU$]QYHONRXVWHGQtþiVWtE\O\YSU$PUXVKRGQpEH]
RKOHGXQDY\ããtSRþHWåHQQHERYãHFKRE\YDWHOYGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHP
1HO]HY\ORXþLWXUþLWRXVSROXSUiFLPH]LRE\YDWHOLU$]QêFKV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$YWRPWR
GUXKXþLQQRVWt
3RQNXGMLQpUHODFHSODWtPH]LGRP\VMLåQtþiVWtDSRGtOHPIXQNþQtFKW\S$QDMHGHQ
G$PStSDGQQDGSU$PUQêPRSRWHEHQtPPOêQ$]QLFKåVHGRFKRYDORPpQQHå
S$YRGQtYêãN\QiVWURMH9êUD]QY\ããtMHSRGtOãLURNêFKDUHODWLYQSORFKêFK
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$+2DãLUãtFKY\ããtFKGROQtFKNDPHQ$'2$OHVSRSURW\WR
W\S\VHSRWYU]XMHSHGSRNODGåHYGRPHFKVMLåQtþiVWtVHRGHKUiYDORLQWHQ]LYQMãt
POHWtQHåYGRPHFKEH]WpWRNRQVWUXNþQtþiVWLYL]NDS1DGUXKpVWUDQE\O\
DOHPOêQ\YGRPHFKVMLåQtþiVWtSRGVWDWQPpQRSRWHERYiQ\QHåYGRPHFKEH]WpWR
þiVWL1DMHGHQG$PVMLåQtþiVWtSLSDGiGYRMQiVREQêSRGtOPOêQ$VSRGSU$PUQêP
RSRWHEHQtP7RE\VStãHY\SRYtGDORRWRPåHU\WPXVPOHWtE\OYWFKWRGRPHFK
odlišný od standardního postupu v ostatních domech (tab. 3.5.2.A., tab. 3.5.2.B., tab.
3.5.2.C., tab. 3.5.2.D.)
.
61
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDPOêQ$MDNRLQGH[YNXRE\YDWHOHNGRPX
9]KOHGHPNQHSU$ND]QRVWLRGSDGXPOêQ$XGRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPE\O\GiOH
VOHGRYiQ\MHQGRP\VMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP5R]ORåHQtIXQNþQtFKW\S$YSURVWRUX
Ii]tGiYiYHGUXKpPDWHWtPIDNWRUXMHGQRVHVNXSHQtRNRORVWHGQYHONêFKW\S$
'2D+2RGQKRåVHRGGOXMtQt]NpKRUQt+2Y\VRNpGROQt'2DRVWDWQt
+2'2'22WFKWRIDNWRUHFKVHGiSHGSRNOiGDWåHMVRXPpQRYOLYQQ\
FKURQRORJLt5R]OLãHQt]HMPpQDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$SRGOHMHMLFKPDVLYQRVWLXND]XMHåH
SU$PUQpNDPHQ\SHYOiGDMtYHYWãLQIi]t)i]HSHGVWDYRYDQpQt]NêPLKRUQtPL
kameny (HO1, HO2) mohou ukazovat na vyšší podíl velmi mladých nebo naopak
VWDUãtFKåHQMHMLFKåI\]LFNpVtO\E\O\PHQãtQHåXSU$PUQVWDUêFKGRVSOêFKåHQ
)XQNþQtSRPUãtN\DYêãN\POêQ$E\SRWRPNRUHVSRQGRYDOVRGOLãQêPL
VFKRSQRVWPLYNRYêFKVNXSLQREUD
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIXQNþQtFKW\S$SURYHGHQiMHQYSURVWRUXY\PH]HQpP
þDVRYêP~VHNHPIi]tYQLFKåVHQDOH]ORYtFHPOêQ$GiYiSRQNXGMLQê
REUD])i]HDNWHUpE\O\YêãH]DKUQXW\GRVNXSLQ\VWDQGDUGQtFKVRXERU$
MVRXQ\QtRGGOHQ\SHGHYãtPYHWHWtPIDNWRUX'UXKêSHGVWDYXMH]HMPNRQWUDVW
PH]LKRUQtPLDGROQtPLNDPHQ\9HWHWtPVHSURMHYXMH]HMPpQDIXQNþQtPDVLYQRVW
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$+2+2+2=DWtPFRIi]HDVHVRXVWHXMtVStãHRNROR
SU$PUQêFKDUWHIDNW$+2MVRXSURIi]LW\SLFNpãLUãtDYêNRQQMãtKRUQtNDPHQ\
(HO3), ale v následující 22. fázi jen nejmenší horní kameny (HO1). Je tedy v celém
~VHNXþW\Ii]tSR]RURYDWHOQiWHQGHQFHNH]YêãHQtYêNRQQRVWLPOHWtDMHMtQiVOHGQê
SRNOHV3RNXGE\IXQNþQtW\S\YHWHWtPIDNWRUXRGSRYtGDO\I\]LFNp]S$VRELORVWLåHQ
]QDPHQDORE\WRYêUD]QêSRNOHVYNRYpKRSU$PUXåHQYSRVOHGQtIi]LVOHGRYDQpKR
~VHNX3HGSRNOiGiVHåHYHYãHFKIi]tFKE\OR]iNODGQtSRXåLWtPOêQ$QDStSUDYX
SRWUDY\Y]iVDGQHPQQpREUE
,QIRUPDþQtREVDK]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\DGLVNRQWLQXLW\YWHFKQLNiFK
]DEH]SHþHQtREåLY\
)XQNþQtW\S\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$Y\WYiHMtYSURVWRUXIi]tWLRGGOHQpVNXSLQ\
SHGVWDYXMtFtYtFHMHMLFKYODVWQtHIHNWLYQRVWQHåþDVRYRXSRVORXSQRVW9SUYQtP
IDNWRUXMHGiQRSRDGtRGQHMPHQãtKRNQHMPDVLYQMãtPXYHGUXKpPIDNWRUXVH
RGGOXMtVWHGQYHOLNpNDPHQ\+2RGRVWDWQtFK)i]HDWDNpSRStSDGD
Y\ND]XMtY\URYQDQêSRPUYãHFKIXQNþQtFKW\S$2VWDWQtVHSLSRMXMtYêUD]QMHQN
MHGQRPX]QLFK=DEH]SHþRYiQtREåLY\YWRPWRStSDGIi]H]SUDFRYiQt]UQtVH
]HMPYHOPLGREHSL]S$VRERYDORVSROHþHQVNpPXSRWHQFLiOXDHIHNWLYQRVWQiVWURM$
QH]$VWiYDODNRQVWDQWQt&HONRYiWHQGHQFHVPRYiQtNQHMHIHNWLYQMãtPIRUPiP
NWHUpSHGVWDYRYDO\UHODWLYQãLURNpKRUQtPOêQ\+2QHY\OXþRYDODSRXåtYiQt
menších forem, pokud to bylo nezbytné (obr. 3.6.1.a.).
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DKRUQtFKNDPHQ$YþDVRYpP~VHNXIi]tXNi]DODåHVH
Y\WYitYHGUXKpPIDNWRUXMDNêVLF\NOXVIXQNþQtFKW\S$PH]LPDOêPL+2D
VWHGQtPLNDPHQ\+2NWHUêMHY\URYQiYiQPDVLYQMãtPLW\S\+2(NRQRPLFNi
~ORKDPHQãtFKNDPHQ$E\ODVStãHGRSONRYiDSURMHYRYDODVHMHQYQNWHUêFK
REGREtFK.RQWLQXLWDVSROHþHQVNpKR~þLQNRYiQtPOêQ$VHSURMHYRYDODQiYUDWHPGR
NDWHJRULHRSWLPiOQtFKW\S$NWHUp]KOHGLVNDREåLY\DMHMtKR]DEH]SHþHQt
SHGVWDYRYDO\VWDELOQtDHIHNWLYQtQiVWURMREUE
62
3RGREQMDNRYSURVWRUXIi]tGDODNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIXQNþQtFKW\S$KRUQtFK
NDPHQ$YSURVWRUXGRP$YêUD]QpþOHQQtWRKRWRSURVWRUX.MHGQRWOLYêPW\S$PVH
SLD]XMtGRP\SRGOHYHOLNRVWLDVYpSDWUQpHNRQRPLFNpUROHYGDQpPþDVRYpP
RNDPåLNX.Y$GþtPXW\SX+2VHVHVNXSXMtGRP\DNWHUpSHGVWDYXMt
KRVSRGiVWYtVQDGSU$PUQRXKRVSRGiVNRXDNWLYLWRX2VWDWQtE\O\VStãHSU$PUQp
QHERSRGSU$PUQpVYêPVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNêPYê]QDPHPYVHVNXSHQtGRP$
5R]ORåHQtGROQtFKNDPHQ$YSURVWRUXGRP$MHRGOLãQpWDNpSURWRåHQHYãHFKQ\MVRX
GRORåHQ\VRXþDVQKRUQtPLLGROQtPLNDPHQ\9HYêVOHGNXVHYWãLQDGRP$
VRXVWHXMHRNRORPDOêFK'2DYHONêFK'2GROQtFKNDPHQ$7YDU\PH]L
WPLWRVNXSLQDPLMVRXVStãHYêMLPHþQp'2NRUHVSRQGXMHVGRPHPD'2V
GRPHP2EDGRP\O]HR]QDþLW]MLQêFKG$YRG$MDNRYêMLPHþQpYHStSDGQ
Ii]L,QWHUSUHWDFHHNRQRPLFNpKRYê]QDPXWFKWRW\S$GROQtFKNDPHQ$MHY
WDNRYêFKVRXYLVORVWHFKREWtåQi-HVWOLåHYWãLQDGRP$VSOêYiGRVNXSLQ\VYHONêPLL
PDOêPLNDPHQ\SRWRPE\SRVOHGQtGYDStSDG\PRKO\VSRMRYDWYêKRG\RERXY
WYDUHFKOHåtFtFKPH]LH[WUpPQtPLKRGQRWDPLãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[XREUD
obr. 3.6.2. b.).
6W\OWHFKQRORJLHYêURE\GYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$YNRQWH[WXLGHMtD
SHGVWDY
6\PHWULHGROQtFKDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
=KOHGLVNDVW\OLVWLFNpNODVLILNDFHMHSRWHEDSRVX]RYDWGYRMGtOQpPOêQ\YMHGQRP
FHONX7RþLQtSRWtåHYHYWãLQStSDG$VtGHOQtKRRGSDGXNGHQHMVRXREY\NOHRE
RGSRYtGDMtFtþiVWLQDFKi]HQ\SRKURPDG3URWR]$VWiYiVWiOHSURW\WR~þHO\
QHMYê]QDPQMãtQiOH]VRXERUXGHYtWLFHOêFKPOêQ$QDOH]HQêFKYHVWDYHEQtFK
soujámích neolitického domu v Irchonwelz datovaného do belgického Omalienu
(Constantin - Farruggia - Plateaux 19789WãLQXGRVDYDGQtFKNODVLILNDFtO]HR]QDþLW
MDNRPRUIRORJLFNRVW\OLVWLFNpQHER"VHVRXVWHXMtSHGHYãtPQDUR]GtO\YH
WYDURYiQtSUDFRYQtFKSORFK3LWRPEêYi]G$UD]RYiQDYWãtWHFKQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWD
IRUHPFRåY\VYWOXMHDEVHQFLFKURQRORJLFN\FLWOLYMãtFKW\S$POêQ$
3UiYGHSRW],UFKRQZHO]XND]XMHåH]iNODGQtVW\OLVWLFNpIRUP\POêQ$GOHQpSRGOH
GpON\KRUQtKRNDPHQHPDMtQNG\VSRUQpKUDQLFHNWHUpVHPRKRXSHNUêYDW=D
YêFKR]tO]HR]QDþLWIRUPX(Zimmermann 1988: NWHUiPiREVW\þQpSORFK\
URYQpDGpONDKRUQtKRNDPHQHRGSRYtGiãtFHVSRGQtKR5RYQpSORFK\PRKRXPtWL
GUXKpGYIRUP\YSRþiWHþQtPVWDGLXSRXåtYiQt.ODVLILNDþQtNULWHULXPMHWXGtåSODWQp
MHQSURGRVWDWHþQRSRWHERYDQpQiVWURMH3UYQtIRUPDVHY\]QDþXMHKRUQtPNDPHQHP
Yê]QDPQSHVDKXMtFtPVSRGQtVYêVOHGQNRQYH[QY\EURXãHQRXSORFKRXQDStþQpP
H]XVSRGQtKRNDPHQH'UXKiIRUPDPi]KUXEDVWHMQRPUQp]DEURXãHQtRERX
NDPHQ$NG\GpONDKRUQtKRRGSRYtGiãtFHGROQtKRNDPHQH7HWtIRUPDPiRSDþQ
Y\EURXãHQpNRQNiYQtSORFK\YStSDGåHKRUQtNiPHQMHSRGVWDWQNUDWãtQHåMH
ãtNDVSRGQtKRZimmermann 1988: 725).
7DWR]iNODGQtNODVLILNDFHNWHURXO]HR]QDþLWMDNRVW\OLVWLFNRXMHRVODEHQDSUiY
Qt]NRXVWDQGDUGL]DFtIRUHPPOêQ$YHYURSVNpPQHROLWX3HGHYãtPGROQtNDPHQ\
QHMVRX]FHODSHVQNYDGUDWLFNpWDNåHMHMLFKãtNDEêYiREY\NOHQHURYQRPUQi.H
NRQYH[QtPXY\EURXãHQtP$åHGRMtWLYStSDGNG\KRUQtSHVDKXMHMHQPiORVSRGQt
63
kámen (Irchonwelz, jáma 3, obr. 15:1). Naopak ke konkávnímu vybroušení vede
VLWXDFHNG\MHKRUQtNiPHQVWHMQGORXKêMDNRMHVSRGQtãLURNêIrchonwelz, jáma 3,
obr. 15:49WpWR]iSDGQtREODVWLHYURSVNêFKQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXU]HMPSHYDåXMt
NUDWãtKRUQtNDPHQ\WDNåHSRXUþLWpGRESRXåtYiQtMVRXVSRGQtQDStþQpPSURILOX
Y\EURXãHQ\NRQNiYQ
9%\ODQHFKSRGREQMDNRY/:SHYDåXMtGHOãtKRUQtNDPHQ\NWHUpVDP\VH
Y\EURXVtGRVHGORYLWpKRWYDUXDVSRGQtNDPHQ\MVRXSRWRPQDStþQpPSURILOX
Y\EURXãHQ\NRQYH[Q3LWRPYãDNVSRGQtNDPHQ\QHY\WYiHMtPRUIRORJLFN\WDN
UR]GtOQpIRUP\MDNRMHWRPXQDSQD-=86$NGHO]HUR]OLãLWWLIRUP\PtVRYLWp
pravé a ploché (Adams 1993: $=LPPHUPDQQVHSRNXVLOQDVWtQLWþDVRYpD
JHRJUDILFNpUR]ORåHQt]iNODGQtFKVW\OLVWLFNêFKIRUHPY(YURS9\VORYLOSLWRPGY
K\SRWp]\GRVWHGQt(YURS\VHVQHMVWDUãtPQHROLWHPGRVWDODMLåY\YLQXWi
WHFKQRORJLHPOHWtFKDUDNWHUL]RYDQiSUiYVHGORYLWêPLPOêQ\NRQNiYQtIRUP\V
kratšími horními kameny se vyskytují v severních oblastech neolitických kultur, které
PO\XåãtY]WDK\NSREHåQtPNXOWXUiP(Zimmermann 1988: 741). 9HFNXYãDNMH
NODVLFNêGYRMLWêPOêQQDPRXNXSRYDåRYiQDå]DQiVWURMGRE\EURQ]RYp(Runnels
1985: 35).
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHGROQtFKNDPHQ$
3$YRGQtGHVNULSWLYQtV\VWpPNWHUêE\OSURPOêQ\Y\SUDFRYiQ3DYO$340), se
]DNOiGDOQDKODYQtFKVW\OLVWLFNêFKFKDUDNWHULVWLNiFKWYDUX-VRXWRSHGHYãtPWYDU
SUDFRYQtSORFK\YSRGpOQpPDStþQpPSURILOX]S$VRE~SUDY\MHGQRWOLYêFKVWQ
RGGOHQSURGROQtDKRUQtNDPHQ\StSDGQFHONRYpWYDURYiQtPOêQX'HVNULSWLYQt
NODVLILNDFHE\OD]DPHQDQDXQLYHUViOQtSRSLVYãHFKLWHRUHWLFN\PRåQêFKWYDU$D
]ORPN$3URVW\OLVWLFNRXNODVLILNDFLMHPRåQR]QtSHY]tWQNWHUp]iNODGQtWtG\
3UR]DWtPO]HGHILQRYDWWLVW\OLVWLFNpVNXSLQ\GROQtFKNDPHQ$-VRXWRSHGHYãtP
YWãtSORFKpNDPHQ\REY\NOHEH]XSUDYHQpVSRGQtVWUDQ\DERN$NyG
'UXKRXVNXSLQXWYRtVWHGQtDPHQãtSORFKpNDPHQ\VSDWUQRX~SUDYRXFHONRYpKR
WYDUXGRREGpOQtNXD]HMPpQDYêUD]QMãt~SUDYRXERN$1NG\EêYiXSUDYHQDL
VSRGQtSORFKDWDNDE\E\ODURYQREåQiVKRUQt%RN\PRKRXEêWVHãLNPHQ\NyG
3RVOHGQtVNXSLQRXMVRXPpQþDVWpVSRGQtNDPHQ\WYDURYDQpGR
RYiOQpKRS$GRU\VXVSHþOLYXSUDYHQêPLERN\3LSRPtQDMtSRGREQpSODQNRQYH[Qt
WYDU\KRUQtFKPOêQ$DOHOLãtVHSUDFRYQtPLVWRSDPLNyG
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
2EGREQMDNRXGROQtFKNDPHQ$E\ODLSURVW\OLVWLFNRXNODVLILNDFLKRUQtFKY\XåLWD
GHVNULSWLYQtNODVLILNDFHSXEOLNRYDQiGtYH3DYO$3UYQtVW\OLVWLFNRXWtGX
KRUQtFKNDPHQ$WYRtVHGORYLWpPOêQ\NWHUpMVRXFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQ\VEURXãHQtP
VWHGQtþiVWLWDNåHMHMLFKSORFKDPiYêUD]QêNRQYH[QtWYDU=HVW\OLVWLFNpKRKOHGLVND
QHQtQXWQRUR]OLãRYDWMHSRGOHYêãN\NWHUiE\ODMLåXYDåRYiQDSLIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFL
Nejsou dále rozlišeny detaily úpravy jejich kratších stran, které nelze na všech
]ORPFtFKXUþLWNyG-DNRVDPRVWDWQiVW\OLVWLFNiWtGDE\O\YãDN
RGGOHQ\VHGORYLWpNDPHQ\VEURXãHQpSRRERXVWUDQiFKNyG6RXGtPåH
RERXVWUDQQpSRXåLWtY\åDGRYDORYGRPRX~SUDYXKRUQtSORFK\NWHUiY
SHGFKi]HMtFtFKStSDGHFKE\ODSRQHFKiQDMHQYHKUXEpPVWDYX
7HWtWtGXSHGVWDYXMtYODVWQtSODQNRQYH[QtIRUP\NWHUpE\O\FHOp]iPUQ
formovány do charakteristického tvaru chlebového bochníku (kód: 610+620).
6DPRVWDWQRXWtGXKRUQtFKNDPHQ$WYRtPpQþDVWpSORFKpNDPHQ\NWHUpE\PO\
64
]DVWXSRYDWQHStOLãYêUD]QRXIRUPXVURYQêPStþQêPSURILOHPNyG1NROLN
PiORStSDG$Y%\ODQHFKQHPXVtDQLSRFKi]HW]GYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$1HERVHPRKOR
MHGQDWRQiVWURMHQDUR]WtUiQtMLQêFKPDWHULiO$QDStNODGþHUYHQpKREDUYLYD
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDVW\OLVWLFNêFKWtG
-HGQRWOLYpVW\OLVWLFNpWtG\KRUQtFKLGROQtFKNDPHQ$MVRXYHIi]tFKUR]ORåHQ\GRVWL
QHURYQRPUQDQHY\WYiHMtQMDNpSUDYLGHOQpVFKpPD1HMYWãtSRþHWNDPHQ$MH
REVDåHQYIi]LNGHVHWDNpQDFKi]tPD[LPXPYWãLQ\VW\OLVWLFNêFKWtG3HVGHVHW
SURFHQWREVDKXMtWDNpDIi]H6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\URYQåQHNRStUXMtYDULDELOLWX
G\QDPLFNpKRYêYRMHVtGOLãWMDNRWRE\ORLQWHUSUHWRYiQR]FHONRYpKRYêVN\WXYãHFK
NDPHQ$
3UYQtWtGDKRUQtFKNDPHQ$MH]DVWRXSHQDQHMSRþHWQMLNURPPD[LPDY
Ii]LVHYPHQãtPSRþWXY\VN\WQHVNRURYHYãHFKIi]tFK6HGORYLWpKRUQtNDPHQ\MVRX
SRGOHRþHNiYiQtQHMEåQMãtPW\SHP-HMLFKSRþW\YQiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKNROtVDMt
YHOPLU\FKOHSRQHMYtFHPH]L2ERXVWUDQQSRXåLWêKRUQtNiPHQMHGRORåHQYH
Ii]tFKSRX]HH[HPSOiLNWHUpVHVRXVWHXMtGR]iYUHþQêFKIi]tSRþtQDMH
9êMLPNRXMHMHGHQQiOH]]Ii]H=EêYDMtFtGYDVW\OLVWLFNpW\S\KRUQtFKNDPHQ$
MVRX]DVWRXSHQ\VKRGQYHYWãLQIi]t3ODQNRQYH[QtERFKQtNRYLWpWYDU\VH
VRXVWHXMtGRIi]tVWHGQtKRDPODGãtKRVWXSQYêMLPHþQGRIi]H3ORFKpKRUQt
NDPHQ\YDGIi]tFK\EtMVRXþDVWMãtYPODGãtPYêYRML
0H]LVW\OLVWLFNêPLW\S\GROQtFKNDPHQ$MVRXQHMþDVWMãtPHQãtVXSUDYRYDQêPLERN\
(29.4 %). Jejich výskyt kolísá od 2 do 8 % s lokálními maximy v 19. a 21. fázi.
2YiOQêVSRGQtNiPHQMHGRORåHQMHGLQêPH[HPSOiHPYIi]LFRåGRNOiGiMHKR
FHONRYRXYêMLPHþQRVWWDE$
3tEX]HQVNpQHERSUDFRYQtVNXSLQ\YRGOLãQpPVW\OLVWLFNpPSURMHYX
POêQ$
3URWRW\S\POêQ$
3URWRåHQHGRVWDWHNGDWQHXPRåXMHGHILQRYDWSURWRW\S\POêQ$QD]iNODGMHMLFK
YêVN\WXYMHGQRWOLYêFKVNXSLQiFKGpON\DãtN\E\O\]DNULWHULXP]YROHQ\þHWQRVWLYH
WtGiFKãtN\DYêãN\9êãHE\ORXNi]iQRåHREPtU\PDMtYê]QDPMDNSURKOHGLVNR
IXQNþQtWDNLVW\OLVWLFNp3URWRW\S\MDNR]iNODGQtSHGVWDYLWHOpVYpNDWHJRULHQiVWURM$
E\PO\]DKUQRYDWYãHFKQDWDWRKOHGLVND
9WãLQDGROQtFKNDPHQ$VHVRXVWHXMHYUR]PH]tãtN\PH]LPPDYêãN\
RGGRPP9WRPWRUR]PH]tMVRXWDNpGHILQRYiQ\GYWtG\SURWRW\S$YêVN\WHP
YtFHQHåWtH[HPSOi$YGDQpNDWHJRULL3UYQtMHGiQYPH]tFKãtN\RGGRD
YêãN\RGGRGUXKêãtNRXDYêãNRXPP0LPRWDWRUR]PH]tVH
Y\VN\WQRXRMHGLQOpH[HPSOiH9êMLPHþQêMHNiPHQãLURNêPPDY\VRNê
PPREMLQYþtVOR
+RUQtNDPHQ\VHNRQFHQWUXMtYtFHYUR]PH]tãtN\RGGRPPDYêãN\RG
GRPP-HGLQiWtGDSURWRW\S$MHGHILQRYDWHOQiYêVN\WHPYtFHQHåWtH[HPSOi$Y
PH]tFKãtN\DYêãN\PP3URWRåHYãDNYêãNDXKRUQtFKNDPHQ$
Y\ND]RYDODELPRGiOQtUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMVRXGHILQRYiQ\GYSRGVNXSLQ\WRKRWR
prototypu s hranicí výšky 40 mm (tab. 3.8.1.a, tab. 3.8.1.b.).
65
3.8.2. Prototypy ve fázích a komplexech
9SUYQtPIDNWRUXNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\SURWRW\S$YSURVWRUXIi]tVHRGGOXMtKRUQt
NDPHQ\RGGROQtFKYHGUXKpPVHY\WYiHMtGYRMLFH]SURWRW\S$33D33
7HWtIDNWRURSWRGGOXMHKRUQtDYãDNQHJDWLYQRGGROQtFK)i]HYSURVWRUXD
IDNWRUXGiYDMtQHSUDYLGHOQpþDVRYp~VHN\Y]iMHPQVHSHNUêYDMtFt2EDIDNWRU\
Y\VYWOXMtDåYDULDELOLW\SURWRW\S$=KOHGLVND]QDNRYpKRGQRW\POêQ$VHMHYt
SURVWRUDIDNWRUXMDNRYê]QDPQêQHER"VHYQPMHGQRWOLYpIi]HVHVNXSXMtGRWt
VNXSLQ9FHQWUXSURVWRUXMHRNRORGYRMLFH3D3VRXVWHGQDYWãLQDIi]t
D'YRMLFHWFKWRPOêQ$SHGVWDYXMHKODYQtSURWRW\S\
WYDURY]iPUQNRQVWUXRYDQêFKNDPHQ$7DPOD]HMPQHMY\ããtLQIRUPDWLYQt
SRWHQFLiOYWpWRNDWHJRULLDUWHIDNW$DSURWRSHNUêYiYWãLQXþDVXYVtGHOQtPDUHiOX
2VWDWQtMVRXRGGOHQ\RNROR3Ii]HDQHERRNROR3Ii]H
9WFKWRþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKVH]GiåH]iNODGQtLQIRUPDWLYQtKRGQRWDPOêQ$E\OD
SRVXQXWDEXWRVPUHPNGROQtPNDPHQ$PQHERKRUQtPNDPHQ$P9SUYQtP
StSDGPRKORMtWRQHGRVWDWHNSR]RUQRVWLYQRYDQpWRPXWRQiVWURMLSURQMåE\O\
SRXåLW\MHQPiORSL]S$VREHQpSLUR]HQpWYDU\NDPHQQêFKVXURYLQ9HGUXKpP
StSDGVHMHGQiQDRSDNR]YêãHQê]iMHPRGRNRQDOpD~þLQQpKRUQtNDPHQ\MHMLFKå
YWãtPDVLYQRVWE\OD]iUXNRXMHMLFKGREUpKRY\XåLWt9WFKWRREGREtFKE\OSURWR
LQIRUPDþQtGRSDGPOêQ$QHMYWãtREUD
3URWRW\S\YSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$GRP$]Ii]tGiYDMtYSUYQtPIDNWRUXWpP
VKRGQêYêVOHGHN9HGUXKpPIDNWRUXVHSR]LWLYQY\þOHXMHSRX]HW\S3YHWHWtP
MHRGGOHQDGYRMLFH33RG3DMHãWRG38SURVWHGSURVWRUXDIDNWRUX
VHQDFKi]HMtGRP\FKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpYêEDYRXVLQIRUPDþQY\ããtP
VWXSQPGDQêPSURWRW\SHP33RVWDYHQtGRP$MHVStãHSU$PUQp1DRSDN
H[WUpPQtPSRVWDYHQtPVHY\]QDþXMHMDNG$PWDNLG$P8GRPXVH
QDãORSRþHWQMãtVHVNXSHQt]ORPN$POêQ$G$PMHMLQDNQiSDGQêLVYRMt
konstrukcí (obr. 3.8.2.b.).
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDPOêQ$MDNRV\PEROåLYRWD
=Qi]QDN$NWHUpMVRXNGLVSR]LFL]GRE\SRQHROLWXMHPRåQRVHGRPQtYDWåHPOêQ\
]DVWXSRYDO\YXUþLWêFKVLWXDFtFKV\PEROåLYRWDDVPUWL9%LEOLVHSUDYtäiGQê
QHYH]PHY]iVWDYVYUFKQtKRLVSRGQtKRåHUQRYXQHERWDNRYêEUDOE\GXãLY]iNODGX
(Deuterion 24, =GDMLåYQHROLWXE\ODWDWRMHMLFKWUDQVFHQGHQWQt~ORKDSRGUREQML
UR]YLQXWDO]HVStãHSRFK\ERYDW'RVDYDGQtDQDOê]DSLSRXãWtVStãHNROHNWLYQt
]iVWXSQRXUROLQHåLQGLYLGXiOQt0OêQ\MVRXMHQ]FHODYêMLPHþQVRXþiVWtKURERYp
výbavy (srov. Zápotocká 1998a)1HMþDVWMLVHYãDNMHGQiRGUWLGODQDþHUYHQpEDUYLYR
(Jeunesse 1997: 71).
2GSDG]POêQ$E\OYRE\WQêFKDUHiOHFKUR]PtVWQQHMVStãHQiKRGQDOHVSR]
KOHGLVNDMHMLFKPRåQpV\PEROLFNpKRGQRW\$QLY\VORYHQêGHSRW],UFKRQZHO]YL]
YêãHQFRSRGREQpKRQHQDSRYtGi3RQNXGRGOLãQiMHVLWXDFHYHYêSOQL
PODGRQHROLWLFNêFKURQGHO$NGHVHþDVWRQDFKi]tNRQFHQWUDFHNDPHQ$XYQLW]iV\S$
StNRSX9H9HGURYLFtFKMHGRORåHQDFHOiRGSDGRYiKURPDGDPOêQ$XPtVWQi
XSURVWHGYêSOQSREOtåMHGQpEUiQ\Podborský 19990QRKHPSR]GMLQHO]H
v souvislosti sYêVN\WHPPOêQ$YQHREY\NOêFKVLWXDFtFKY\ORXþLWSUDYNpNRHQ\YH
YFQêFKV\PEROHFKVWDURtPVNpKRSUiYDDGRNRQFHLYUDQVWHGRYNêFK]Y\NORVWHFK
(Friesinger - Friesinger 1991: 22).
66
+LVWRULFNêREVDKGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$SURY\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQt
kulturní tradice
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\YHIi]tFK
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\POêQ$Y\WYiHMtYSURVWRUXIi]t]FHODMHGQRWQpVHVNXSHQt]QKRåVH
MHQQHSDWUQRGGOXMtVW\OLVWLFNpW\S\6+6+D6'9ãHFKQ\O]HSRYDåRYDW]D
IRUPiOQQHVWDQGDUGQt9\þOHQQtIi]tD]FHOpKRVKOXNXRVWDWQtFK~VHN$O]H
Y\VYWOLWMHMLFKYêMLPHþQRVWtY]iYUXYêYRMHVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXREUD
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\YNRPSOH[HFK
9SURVWRUXGRP$YQLFKåVHYHIi]tFKDQDFKi]tYtFHPOêQ$VHREGREQ
Y\GOXMHMiGURVWDQGDUGQtFKVW\OLVWLFNêFKW\S$GROQtFKNDPHQ$6'6'9QPVH
XPtVWLO\GRP\NWHUpMVRXSU$PUQêPLUHSUHVHQWDQW\VYêFKIi]t9êMLPNRXMHG$P
XQKRåVHQDãODNRQFHQWUDFHRGSDGX]GROQtFKNDPHQ$DSUDNWLFN\åiGQêKRUQt
NiPHQ2NRORMiGUDSURVWRUXGRP$VGROQtPLNDPHQ\VHSRK\EXMtVNXSLQ\GRP$
SRGOHMHGQRWOLYêFKW\S$KRUQtFKNDPHQ$=DMtPDYpMHSRVWDYHQtGRP$D
NWHUpE\PO\UHSUHVHQWRYDWRERXVWUDQQSRXåLWpVHGORYLWpW\S\REUD
,QIRUPDþQtKRGQRWDPOêQ$
.RPXQLNDFH]SURVWHGNRYDQiGYRXGtOQêPLPOêQ\PODMDNXND]XMtYêVOHGN\
NRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\QDU$]QêFK~URYQtFKNODVLILNDFHFKDUDNWHUVStãHNROHNWLYQt
QHåLQGLYLGXiOQt9WRPVHYêUD]QRGOLãXMHQDStNODGRGNHUDPLN\MHMtåVRXþiVWL
GiYDO\LQIRUPDFLRMHGQRWOLYFtFK0OêQ\MHMLFKåXåLWNRYRVWMHQHRGGOLWHOQiRG
StSUDY\SRWUDY\DQiVOHGQRG~URYQREåLY\XUþLWpVNXSLQ\RE\YDWHOVHY
V\PEROLFNpURYLQVWDO\NRPXQLNDþQtPSRMtWNHPStVOXãQtN$MHGQRKRKRVSRGiVWYtY
MHGQRPGRPDWREH]RKOHGXQDWRåHQDQLFKSUDFRYDO\YêKUDGQåHQ\1HGRVWDWHN
QiOH]$YåHQVNêFKKUREHFKSHGSRNOiGDWHOQiVSROXSUiFHPXå$DåHQSLMHMLFK
YêUREDOHWDNpMHMLFKY]WDKNGHPRJUDILFN\Yi]DQêPMHY$PMDNRE\ODYHOLNRVW
VWHGQtþiVWLGRP$YHGRXN]iYUXåHMHMLFKLQIRUPDþQtSRVOiQtVHY]WDKRYDOR
SHGHYãtPNKRVSRGiVNpPXFHONXDQLNROLYNMHKRMHGQRWOLYêPþOHQ$P7RSRWYU]XMtL
FKDUDNWHULVWLN\SURYêVN\WPOêQ$XGRP$VMLåQtKRVSRGiVN\H[SRQRYDQRXþiVWt
0OêQ\O]HFKiSDWMDNRSHGVWDYLWHOHXUþLWpVNXSLQRYpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\NWHUiVHVWDYt
SURWLNRPXQLNDFLPH]LXUþLWêPLVNXSLQDPLRE\YDWHODOHVSRYHVP\VOX]iPQ\
MHGQp]DGUXKRX3URWRPOêQ\UR]GOXMtSURVWRUGRP$YHOPL]HWHOQ-DNRQRVLWHOp
NXOWXUQtWUDGLFHS$VREtMHQYNUiWNêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKMHVWOLåHMVRXXYDåRYiQ\
SRGUREQMãtNDWHJRULHMHGQRWOLYêFK]QDN$0RUIRORJLFNêYêYRM]iNODGQtFK
VW\OLVWLFNêFKIRUHPYþDVHLSURVWRUXMHQHYêUD]QêDREVDKXMHDGXYêMLPHN)RUPD
NROHNWLYQtNRPXQLNDFH]SURVWHGNRYDQpWtPWRGUXKHPDUWHIDNW$MHYHOPLVYpUi]QiD
liší se od individuální formy komunikace nesené jinými kamennými nástroji.
67
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "Jeune ou vieux, le potier doit son style et son savoir-faire¸ à la maisonnée où
il vit..." (Claude Lévi-Strauss 1985: 237).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Nádoby jako nástroje
4.0. Základy tvarosloví lineární keramiky
.ODVLILNDFHWYDU$
6WXGLXPWYDU$OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\]$VWiYDORGORXKRYHVWtQXDQDOê]\RUQDPHQWXMDNR
NDWHJRULHPQRKHPPpQSURPQOLYiVMHMtåSRPRFtQHO]HY\WYiHWSRGUREQMãt
þDVRSURVWRURYpNODVLILNDFH=iNODGQtWUHQGYêYRMHRGELNRQLFNêFKWYDU$SHV
bombovité ke hruškovitým (Modderman 1988: 112) má svoje regionální odchylky,
NWHUpQHE\O\GRVXGSRGUREQMLFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQ\0RUIRORJLHWYDU$MHYQHROLWX
PQRKHPSRGUREQMLSURSUDFRYiQDSURY\StFKDQRXNHUDPLNXZápotocká 1970,
Kazdová 1988) a pro moravskou malovanou keramiku (Podborský - Kazdová –
.RãWXtN:HEHUNGHMHSRNOiGiQD]DG$OHåLWRXNDWHJRULLSURSR]QiQtWFKWR
NXOWXU$QDOê]DWYDU$QDEêYiQDYê]QDPXSR]GMLNG\PL]tERKDWiYê]GREDSRþtQDMH
SR]GQOHQJ\HOVNêPKRUL]RQWHPDY dalším postneolitickém vývoji. Tam se operuje
LVSRGUREQMãtPHWULNRXWYDU$QDSBurger 1988: 42) nebo s alternativní klasifikací
]DORåHQRXQDYtFHUR]PUQpDQDOê]HWpWRPHWULN\(Whallon 1982).
4.0.2. Tvarosloví lineární keramiky z Bylan
3UR%\ODQ\E\OS$YRGQ]SUDFRYiQSRSLVQêV\VWpPYQPåE\O\MHGQRWOLYpþiVWL
QiGRE\SRSViQ\VDPRVWDWQ2NUDMHE\O\UR]OLãHQ\SRGOHVNORQXVWQ\SRGOHWYDUXD
XPtVWQtYêGXWGQDSRGOHVYpKRY]WDKXNHVWQ&HOêWYDUSRNXGVHY\VN\WQHPRKO
EêWSRWRPSRSViQYHYãHFKMHKRþiVWHFKSoudský 1967). Pro chronologickou analýzu
QHE\ODGDWDYWRPWRV\VWpPX]tVNDQi]DWtPY\XåLWD9SRVOHGQtGREE\O]SUDFRYiQ
hierarchický taxonomický systém popisu, který vychází z metriky celých nebo
GRSOQQêFKWYDU$9QPMVRXSRVWXSQGHILQRYiQ\W\WRNDWHJRULHWYDU$WtG\WYDU\
VHULHW\S\DYDULDQW\9WFKWRSRMPHFKE\O\Q\QtDQDO\]RYiQ\QiOH]\SRODEVNp
VNXSLQ\/Q.DFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQDMHMtQiSOLY]WDK\NVRXVHGQtPREODVWHPRulf
1997b).
3RGREQêV\VWpPMDNRY%\ODQHFKE\OMLåGtYHY\SUDFRYiQSURSRUêQVNRX]iSDGQt
REODVW/Q.9QPE\O\SDUDGLJPDWLFN\GHILQRYiQ\]iNODGQtIRUP\NWHUpE\O\
FKDUDNWHUL]RYiQ\SRPUHPãtN\~VWtDPD[LPiOQtãtN\YêGXW3RGUREQMãtW\S\E\O\
UR]OLãHQ\SRGOHWYDUXGQDDVWQ\&HOêV\VWpPE\OGRSOQQLGHWDLOQtPXWYiHQtP
okraje a jeho úpravy (Gabriel 1979: ,,,StORKD).
3R]GMLE\O]SUDFRYiQYSRUêQVNpREODVWLGDOãtYHOPLSURP\ãOHQê]S$VRE]tVNiYiQt
GDWNHWYDU$PQiGRENWHUêRGVWUDXMHVXEMHNWLYQtNODVLILNDFLGHWDLO$DSRQHFKiYiSROH
pro automatické zpracování. Jednotlivé body profilu nádoby jsou snímány v polárních
VRXDGQLFtFKDYSUDYLGHOQêFKLQWHUYDOHFK6\VWpPE\OY\EUiQMDNRRSWLPiOQt]
WHRUHWLFN\PRåQêFK]S$VRE$SRSLVXStehli - Zimmermann 1980). Ani tento popis
68
WYDU$QHE\OMHãWSRXåLWSURFKURQRORJLL9NRPELQDFLVYê]GRERXVHVWDOYãDN
]iNODGHPYHOPLREViKOpVWXGLHVSROHþHQVNêFKY]WDK$QDQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLãWtFK7DWR
VWXGLHMHYODVWQSUYQtVYpKRGUXKX]RNUXKXSUDFtIUDQNIXUWVNpQHROLWLFNpãNRO\
(Frirdrich 19949WpWRVRXYLVORVWLO]HSLSRPHQRXWåHQDVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNRX
DQDOê]XWYDU$YWRPWRVPUXE\ORMLåGtYHUH]LJQRYiQRVan de Velde 1979: 13).
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DWYDU$
9WpWRNDSLWROHMVRXMHGQRWOLYpYODVWQRVWLWYDU$XVSRiGiQ\SRGOHVFKpPDWXVLWXDþQt
DQDOê]\YQtåMVRXSHGHPY\EtUiQ\MHGQRWOLYpYODVWQRVWLSRGOHMHMLFKLQWHUSUHWDþQtKR
SRWHQFLiOX0DWHULiOQtSRGVWDWXWYDU$Y\MDGXMHMHMLFKDQDWRPLH]DORåHQiQD
MHGQRGXFKêFKPHWULFNêFK]QDFtFK'HVpQWYDUXVHSRSLVXMHSHGHYãtPIXQNþQtPL
znaky, jako jsou sklon okraje a velikost ústí (3DYO$). Z nich a z dalších dat lze
DQDO\]RYDWFHORXDGXYODVWQRVWtWYDU$EH]SHþQRVWDGRVWXSQRVWREVDKXNDSDFLWX
VWDELOLWXSHQRVLWHOQRVWåLYRWQRVWDM
.RQHþQMLQp]QDN\MVRXSRXåLW\SURFKDUDNWHULVWLNXVW\OXWYDU$OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\
7HQWRV\VWpPWHFKQLFNêFKSUYN$PUD]QDN$2EUDGRYROXMHLQWHUSUHWDFLGDW
YþDVRSURVWRURYêFKNRQWH[WHFKDKOHGDWRGSRYGLQDVWDQGDUGQtVRXERURWi]HNNWHUp
SHNUDþXMtGRVXGREY\NOpSUREOpP\NXOWXUQFKURQRORJLFNpKRWtGQt3DYO$
9êVOHGNHPIXQNþQtDQDOê]\MHGHILQLFHIXQNþQtFKVRXERU$]DWtPFRYêVOHGNHP
VW\ORYpDQDOê]\VHVWiYiSHKOHGSURWRW\S$WYDU$DMHMLFKUROHYHYêYRMLVtGOLãW
1HMVWDUãtGRVXG]QiPpQHROLWLFNpQiGRE\]HVWHGQt(YURS\UHSUHVHQWXMt]WRKRWR
SRKOHGXMHQXUþLWêYêEUWYDU$MLåGRWpGRE\Y\WYiHQêFKYMLQêFKQHROLWLFNêFK
kulturách (obr. 4.0.3.a.).
=iNODGQtNODVLILNDFHWYDU$
4.1.1. Tvary nejstarší keramiky
1HMVWDUãtNHUDPLFNpWYDU\EêYDMtRGYR]RYiQ\RGIRUHPSLUR]HQêFKSHGPW$NWHUp
PRKO\VORXåLW]DMHMLFKSHGORK\QHERPRKRXEêWSRURYQiYiQ\VWYDU\QiGRE
Y\UiEQêFKGRWpGRE\]MLQêFKPDWHULiO$3URVWHGRHYURSVNêQHROLWO]HXYDåRYDWR
SHGORKiFKVWDUãtFKNHUDPLFNêFKQiGRENWHUpE\O\QD3HGQtPYêFKRGDSR]GMLLQD
%DONiQVNpPSRORRVWURYY\UiEQ\iGRYRQNROLNWLVtFLOHWtGtYH6WDURQHROLWLFNê
NHUDPLFNêVRXERUMHQåSRFKi]t]MHVN\Q)UDQFKWKLQDMLKRYêFKRGQtPSREHåt
3HORSRQHVXREVDKXMHYHOPLUR]U$]QQpWYDU\3HUOþV9LWHOOL230) srovnatelné
VJHRPHWULFNêPLWOHV\RUR]GtOQpV\PHWULL=WYDURYpKRERKDWVWYtVWDURQHROLWLFNêFK
NXOWXUMLKRYêFKRGQt(YURS\VHYMHMtFHQWUiOQtþiVWLREMHYXMHMHQ]iNODGQtWYDURYp
spektrum.
&KDUDNWHULVWLFNpERG\WYDU$
/LQLLSURILOXNDåGpQiGRE\MHPRåQRKRGQRWLWMDNRþiVWJHRPHWULFNpNLYN\Smith
1985: 260, Juhl 1995: DWHRUHWLFN\MLSRSVDWYtFHQHERPpQNRPSOLNRYDQRX
matematickou funkcí. Takovýto popis je však dosti nepraktický a vzhledem k
FKDUDNWHUXYUXFHY\UiEQpSUDYNpNHUDPLN\LQDGE\WHþQê1DNDåGpPDWHPDWLFNp
NLYFHO]HUR]OLãLWXUþLWpFKDUDNWHULVWLFNpERG\NWHUpMVRXSURMHMtPDWHPDWLFNêSRSLV
G$OHåLWpDNWHUpREY\NOHSHGVWDYXMtMHMtH[WUpPQtQHEROLPLWQtKRGQRW\3URSRSLV
SUDYNêFKQiGREVHREY\NOH]MLã"XMHPDWHPDWLFNiNLYNDGRVWL]GORXKDYRWRYtFH
Y]U$VWiYê]QDPFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKERG$WpWRNLYN\Shepard 1961: 226). Mezi nimi
69
VHUR]OLãXMtNRQFRYpERG\LQIOHNþQtERG\ERG\YHUWLNiOQtWHþQ\QHERORPX(Rice
1987: 218).
4.1.3. Popisný systém nádob
1iGRE\NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVHY\]QDþXMtPQRKHPQLåãtWYDURYRX
UR]U$]QQRVWtQHåYSR]GMãtFKNXOWXUiFK'DMtVHYWRPWRRKOHGXJHQHWLFN\VURYQiYDW
VWYDURYêPVSHNWUHPVWDUþHYVNRNULãVNpKRNXOWXUQtKRRNUXKXPavúk 1980: 50n.).
2ERMtSHGVWDYXMtVW\OLVWLFN\VRXERUVORåHQêSHGHYãtP]NXORYLWêFKURWDþQtFKWYDU$
2GFK\ON\RGLGHiOQtKRWOHVDMtPåMHNRXOHQHERMHMtþiVWLQHO]HKRGQRWLWMDNR
]iVDGQVW\OLVWLFN\RGOLãQpW\S\3tSDGQp]SORãWQtQHERDV\PHWULFNp]DREOHQtVWQ\
Y\SOêYiVStãH]QHVWDQGDUGL]RYDQpUXþQtYêURE\QiGREMHMLFKåWORQHE\ORYWãLQRX
]iPUQRGOLãQWYDURYiQR
1iSDGQMãtRGFK\ON\NDPVHDGtQDSELNRQLFNpWYDU\QHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQQHER
KUXãNRYLWpWYDU\SR]GQtKRVWXSQVHRPH]XMtQDNUDWãtþDVRYp~VHN\QHERMHQQNWHUp
REODVWLUR]ãtHQt.RXOHWYRt]HMP]iNODGQtDQDWRPLFNêSOiQQHROLWLFNêFKWYDU$
([LVWXMHRSWLPiOQtY]WDKPH]LPQRåVWYtPWDNWRY\WYDURYDQpKOtQ\DSURVWRUHPNWHUê
]DXMtPi1HO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHE\VLåHQ\NWHUpWXWRNHUDPLNXY\UiEO\E\O\
YGRP\WFKWRSRPU$MHGQiVHRGRVWDWHþQ]DåLWRX]NXãHQRVWYWOHQRXGRMHMLFK
PDQXiOQt]UXþQRVWL*HRPHWULFNpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\NXORYLWêFKWOHVWYRt]iNODG
SRSLVQêFKV\VWpP$QHROLWLFNêFKIRUHP
1iGRE\YNXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
.ODVLILNDFHWYDU$SURSRWHE\DQDOê]\E\ODQVNêFKQiOH]$E\ODY\SUDFRYiQDMLåQD
SRþiWNXãHGHViWêFKOHWVSROXVHV\VWHPDWLFNRXIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFtRVWDWQtFK]QDN$
6SRþtYiQDRGGOHQpPSRSLVXU$]QêFKYDULDQWRNUDMHVWQ\DGQDQiGRE\3RSLV
FHOêFKQiGRENWHUêMH]GHXYiGQGiOHSRG]NUDWNRX%<MHSRWRPVRXKUQHP
SRSLVXMHMLFKMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtSoudský 1967: 3URWRåHFHOêSRSLVQêV\VWpPE\O
S$YRGQ]DPHQSHGHYãtPQDHãHQtNXOWXUQFKURQRORJLFNêFKRWi]HNDYQLWQt
SHULRGL]DFLVtGOLãWE\OYMHKRUiPFLSRGUREQMLUR]SUDFRYiQSRX]HV\VWpPWHFKQLN
zdobení keramiky.
3RGREQWRPXE\ORLYMLQêFKREODVWHFKUR]ãtHQtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXNGH
E\O\Y\SUDFRYiQ\LSRGUREQMãtV\VWpP\SRSLVXQiGREGabriel 1979, Stehli Zimmermann 1980=iNODGQtWYDUURWDþQtNXORYLWpQiGRE\QHSURGOiYDOYSU$EKX
QNROLNDVHWOHWpKRYêYRMHYêUD]QMãt]PQ\1DYtFSHYDKD]ORPNRYLWêFKQiOH]$
RSURWLFHOêPQHERLGRSOQLWHOQêPQiGREiPQHGRYRORYDODNODVLILNDFLSRGUREQMãtFK
YDULDQWWYDURYêFK]QDN$1HE\ORWDNSUDNWLFN\PRåQRY\SUDFRYDWGHWDLOQtVWUXNWXUX
WYDU$QDXUþLWpPVtGOLãWLVWXGRYDWMHMtYêYRMDYêVOHGN\]REHFQLWMDNRWRPXE\ORV
OLQHiUQtYê]GRERX8ND]XMHVHåHYDULDELOLWDWYDURYêFK]QDN$MHYSUYpDG]iYLVOi
QDSRþiWHþQtP]iPUXYêUREFHNþHPXPODQiGREDVORXåLW3URWRMHLWHRUHWLFN\
REWtåQpY\WYRHQtWYDURYpNODVLILNDFHNWHUiE\PODSULPiUQFKURQRORJLFNRX
platnost.
6\VWpPSRSLVXWYDU$%<]$VWDOXUþLWêPWRUVHPMHåE\ORSR]GMLGRSORYiQRQD
]iNODGFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFK]ORPN$1HE\OYãDNSUDNWLFN\Y\XåLWSURSRGUREQMãt
FKURQRORJLLVtGOLãW3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNiQHER"DWULEXW\WYDURYêFK]QDN$
QHY\ND]RYDO\GRVWDWHþQRXFKURQRORJLFNRXYDULDELOLWXVURYQDWHOQRXVOLQHiUQt
Yê]GRERX.YDQWLWDWLYQtUR]ORåHQtWYDU$SRGOHWpWRNODVLILNDFHMHGiQRQD2EUD
'QHVO]HWHQWRVPUSRYDåRYDW]DSHNRQDQê8UþLWpHãHQtGiYiSRGUREQê
KLHUDUFKLFNêV\VWpPNODVLILNDFHWYDU$MDNêE\OY\SUDFRYiQSURSRODEVNRXVNXSLQX
70
LnK (Rulf 1997b2EUE'DOãtPUR]YLQXWtPNHUDPLFNpPRUIRORJLHP$åHEêW
]GHQDYUKRYDQiYtFHVWXSRYiIRUPiOQtIXQNþQtDVW\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHNWHUi
XPRåXMHLQWHUSUHWDFL]QDN$DMHMLFKNRQWH[W$YQNROLNDUR]PUHFKVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\
(obr. 4.1.4.a., obr. 4.1.4.b.)
.
$QDWRPLH]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
$QDWRPLHWYDU$/Q.VH]DNOiGiQDRGOLãHQtQiGREVKUGOHPDEH]KUGODDQDVWDQRYHQt
SRþWXFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKERG$Shepard 19613UYQtPNULWHULHPVHY\þOHXMt]
FHOpKRVRXERUXODKYHQHERODKYRYLWp]iVREQLFH3LWRPE\ORQXWQRVWDQRYLWKUDQLFL
PH]LQiGREDPLVY\WYRHQêPKUGOHPDQiGREDPLVPtUQHVRYLWY\WDåHQêPRNUDMHP
$åQDRMHGLQOpStSDG\, viz BYA1StO, viz BYA2: 254)
E\ODWDWRKUDQLFHGREHHPSLULFN\VWDQRYLWHOQi'UXKpNULWHULXPUR]GOXMH]EêYDMtFt
WYDU\QDSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\VMHGQtPWHþQRYêPDGYPDNRQFRYêPLERG\DQD
PLVN\SRX]HVMHGQtPQHERGYPDNRQFRYêPLERG\0LVN\VYêUD]Q]DWDåHQRXKRUQt
þiVWtWODNWHUpE\SDNPO\LWHþQRYêERGDNWHUpE\O\YS$YRGQtE\ODQVNpNODVLILNDFL
WDNpXYDåRYiQ\VHSUDNWLFN\YE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXQHY\VN\WXMt1NWHUpVSRUQp
StSDG\QDS.: 7:16858, viz BYA1: StOD, viz BYA1: StOVHDGt
VStãHNSRORNXORYLWêPQiGREiPVPtUQ]DWDåHQêPRNUDMHP
3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFK]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
9êVN\WWtKODYQtFKWYDU$RGOLãHQêFKSRGOHY\WYRHQpKRKUGODDSRþWX
FKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKERG$VHOLãtSRGOHSRXåLWêFKVRXERU$9QiOH]HFKOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLN\SUDFXMHPHVMHGLQFLWMVNXSLQDPL]ORPN$NWHUpVYHONRXSUDYGSRGREQRVWt
SRFKi]HMt]MHGQpQiGRE\MDNE\ORVWDQRYHQRQD]iNODGVtO\EDUY\DVWUXNWXU\VWHS$
SLMHMLFKODERUDWRUQtP]SUDFRYiQt6RXERUMHGLQF$P$åHEêWSRQNXG]NUHVOHQSUiY
UR]GtOQRXNYDOLWRXMHMLFKXUþHQtY]iYLVORVWLQDVXEMHNWLYQt]NXãHQRVWLSUDFRYQtN$
6WXSH]NUHVOHQtQHO]HNYDQWLILNRYDWRGKDGXMHVHMHQåHQHSHVDKXMHiGRYQNROLN
SURFHQW1HMYWãt]NUHVOHQtS$YRGQtKRVORåHQtVRXERU$DSRGtOXMHGQRWOLYêFK]QDN$Y
åLYpNXOWXHE\ORQHSRFK\EQ]S$VRERYiQRVSHFLILFNêPLSRGPtQNDPLSLY\WYiHQt
sídlištního odpadu (Schiffer 1987, Sommer 1991, Neustupný 1996, Rulf 1997a).
9HãNHUpNYDQWLWDWLYQt~GDMHYWpWRSUiFLVHWXGtåY]WDKXMtNMHGLQF$PQiGREiPDNH
VNODGEDUFKHRORJLFN\SRVWLåLWHOQpKRRGSDGX
=FHONRYpKRSRþWXMHGLQF$1 ]DD]RYDQêFKSRGNXOWXUXVOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLNRXMVRXWYDURYp]QDN\QHMOpSHXUþLWHOQpQDVRXERUXFHOêFKD
UHNRQVWUXRYDWHOQêFKQiGRE9QPMHSRGtOPLVHNSRORNXORYLWêFKQiGREDODKYt
Y\MiGHQUHODWLYQYSURFHQWHFK1 9SRGVRXERUX
RNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$NWHUêWYRt]KUXEDFHOpKRVRXERUXMHYãDNWHQWêåSRPUEH]
QHXUþLWHOQêFKWYDU$Y\MiGHQMLQêPLKRGQRWDPL1
3RGtOPLVHNE\OPH]LUHNRQVWUXRYDQêPLWYDU\QDGKRGQRFHQQHER"MHXQLFK
]HMPYWãtSUDYGSRGREQRVWåHVHYRGSDGXGRFKRYiMHMLFKFHOêUHNRQVWUXRYDWHOQê
profil, ve srovnání sSRORNXORYLWêPLWYDU\2EGREQO]H]G$YRGQLWQDGUXKpVWUDQL
]MHYQpSRGKRGQRFHQtSRGtOXODKYtYVRXERUXUHNRQVWUXRYDWHOQêFKWYDU$
Podhodnocení lahví bylo pozorováno i za zcela odlišných podmínek (Scarborough
1992: 328).
3URWRåHODKYHO]HXUþLWWDNpQD]ORPFtFK]SRGKUGOtE\OY\WYRHQMHãWGDOãt
SRGVRXERURNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$DþiVWtSRGKUGOtþtPåVHYãDNSRGtOVWDQRYLWHOQêFK
WYDU$YHVWXGRYDQpPFHONX]YêãtMHQQD3RGtOKODYQtFKDQDWRPLFNêFKWYDU$Y
71
WRPWRUR]ãtHQpPSRGVRXERUXGRVDKXMH1 '$VOHGNHP
MHSRFKRSLWHOQp]YêãHQtYêVN\WXODKYt-HMLFK]DVWRXSHQtYS$YRGQtåLYpNXOWXHPRKOR
EêWYãDNMHãWY\ããt2WRPVYGþtQHMHQUHODWLYQY\VRNêYêVN\WWFKWRWYDU$QD
SRKHELãWtFK3RGKRGQRFHQtRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$ODKYtP$åHEêW]S$VRERYiQRWDNp
UR]GtOQêPY\WYiHQtPRGSDGXMHGQRWOLYêFKWYDU$DMHMLFKþiVWt/DKYHPDMtREYRG~VWt
YSU$PUXPHQãtQHåSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\QHERPLVN\DSRPUQYWãtREMHP
PDWHULiOXQDWOHQiGRE\3LVKRGQp]ORPNRYLWRVWLEXGRXGiYDWUHODWLYQPHQãtSRþHW
VWHS$]RNUDMHQHå]WOD-HMLFKYêVN\WYVtGHOQtPRGSDGXSRWRP]DQLNiEH]UR]OLãHQt
YVRXERUXDPRUIQtFK]ORPN$]HVWQ
6tODVWQ\QiGRE
6tODVWQ\QiGRE\MHYê]QDPQRXWHFKQRORJLFNRXLIXQNþQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNRX3RPUQ
MHGQRGXFKê]S$VREY\WYiHQtQiGRE]NXV$KOtQ\VSHYDKRXRUJDQLFNpKRRVWLYD
QHGRYRORYDOYHVWDUãtPREGREt]KRWRYHQtStOLãWHQNRVWQQêFKWYDU$7HFKQRORJLFNRX
]PQXSHGVWDYXMHRVWHQtStVþLWRXStPVtD]DYHGHQtWHFKQLN\Y\WYiHQtSRPRFt
SUVWHQF$(Vandiver 19877DWRWHFKQRORJLHMLåXPRåRYDODY]QLNWHQNRVWQQêFK
QiGRE6QDKRXYêUREF$E\ORGRVDåHQtRSWLPiOQtVtO\VWQ\QHER"WDRYOLYRYDOD
QDStNODGRGROQRVWQiGRE\Y$þLWHSORWQtPXãRNXSLSRXåLWtQDGRWHYHQêPRKQP
QHERSU$OLQþLWRVWSRåDGRYDQRXXQiGREQDVNODGRYiQtYRG\DE\VHYRGDRFKOD]RYDOD
1DGUXKpVWUDQPXVHODEêWVWQDQiGRE\GRVWDWHþQSHYQiDE\VHEKHPYêURE\
QHKURXWLODDOHQLNROLYStOLãPDVLYQtDE\VHVQtåLODKPRWQRVWQiGRE\DWtPLMHMt
SHQRVLWHOQRVW5$]QVLOQpVWQ\QiGRERYOLYXMtYQHSRVOHGQtDGWDNpMHMLFK
åLYRWQRVW
9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXMVRXQiGRE\]KRWRYRYiQ\YSRPUQãLURNpPUR]SWtQHER"
VtODVWQ\VHSRK\EXMHRGPPGRPPYREMHNWX6WQDY\ND]XMHYãDNY
U$]QêFKVRXERUHFKGRVWLVWUPpQRUPiOQtUR]ORåHQtNWHUpVHYHVPVSRK\EXMHRNROR
SU$PUXPP9VRXERUHFKGDWRYDWHOQêFKGRVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tNROtViYSUYQtFK
RVPLRNRORSRQNXGY\ããtKRSU$PUXNWHUêVHEOtåtPP7RO]HY\VYWOLWSUiY
StWRPQRVWtRUJDQLFN\RVWHQpKRPDWHULiOXNWHUêVHVSHYDKRXY\VN\WXMHSUiYY
WFKWRSRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKWDE$
9VRXERUXUHNRQVWUXRYDQêFKQiGRE1 GRVDKXMHVtODVWQ\XPLVHNPP
-1.9), u polokulovitých nádob 6.4 mm (+ - 1.8) a u lahví 8.2 (+ - 2.3) mm. Vyšší
hodnota u lahví ukazuje na nestejnorodost této skupiny, která zahrnuje jak menší
WYDU\WDNLYHONpDVLOQRVWQQpODKYRYLWp]iVREQLFH7\WRSt]QDN\MVRXSRQNXGY\ããt
YVRXERUXYãHFK]ORPN$2EGREQpSRPU\MVRXLYVRXERUXNODVLILNDFH%<7DE
$MHQXODKYRYLWêFKWYDU$Y]U$VWiSU$PUQiVtODVWQ\QDPP6tODVWQ\
VDPR]HMPNROtViYUiPFLSURILOXWpåHQiGRE\DMHYSU$PUXSRGOHRþHNiYiQtWHQþtX
RNUDMHQHåXGQD9êUD]QpRGFK\ON\SU$PUQpVtO\VWQ\YVRXERUXMHPQpKRD
KUXEpKR]ERåtY\SOêYDMt]þiVWL]GHILQLFHWpWRNDWHJRULH9]KOHGHPNFHONRYpPX
SU$PUXDEH]RKOHGXQDYQLWQtFKURQRORJLLVRXERUXGHILQXMHSURGDOãtDQDOê]X
KUDQLFHPPGYNDWHJRULHWHQNRVWQQêFKDVLOQRVWQQêFKQiGRE
6tODVWQ\QiGREMHYê]QDPQêPWHFKQLFNêPXND]DWHOHPMHMLFKYêURE\DYE\ODQVNpP
VRXERUXWpPMHGLQF$P$åHEêWSRGOHQKRNODVLILNRYiQR1HY\ND]XMHStOLã
YHONRXþDVRYRXYDULDELOLWXNG\åYFHOpPYêYRML7DE%MHSDWUQDMHQKUDQLFH
PH]LVWDUãtPDPODGãtP~VHNHP3U$PUQpKRGQRW\QLåãtQHåPPGRViKODVWQDMLåY
Ii]LDOHY]KOHGHPNGDOãtPG$YRG$PYL]QtåHMHNHVWDUãtPXREGREtSLD]HQD
WDNpIi]H9QtRUJDQLFN\GR]QtYiVWDUãtWHFKQLNDY\WYiHQtQiGRE]NXV$KOtQ\
VSROXVW\SLFNêPVWDUêPRUJDQLFNêPRVWLYHP7HFKQLNDY\WYiHQt]SUVWHQF$VSROXV
72
SODYHQtPPDWHULiOXDRVWHQtPQHRUJDQLFNêPLVRXþiVWNDPLMH]QiPDVLFHRGSRþiWNX
E\ODQVNpKRRVtGOHQtDYãDNWHSUYHRGIi]HMHO]HSRYDåRYDW]DSOQXVWiOHQpWDE
4.1.7.B)..
9êãNDDãtNDQiGRE
9ê]QDPQRXFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXDQDWRPLHQiGRE\MVRXQHSRFK\EQMHMtSURSRUFHREY\NOH
GHILQRYDQpMDNRãtNRYêãNRYêLQGH[3HVQMãtMHSRGtOPH]LYêãNRXQiGRE\YþHWQ
KUGODSRNXGVHWêNiODKYtDMHMtPPD[LPiOQtPSU$PUHPWOD9OLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHMH
WHQWRPD[LPiOQtSU$PUPHQYERGYHUWLNiOQtWHþQ\DXYDåRYiQMDNRQH]iYLVOi
SURPQQi9êãNDMHSRWRP]iYLVORXSURPQQRXQHER"]iYLVtGR]QDþQpPtU\QD
SUYRWQtP]DORåHQtWYDUXSLMHKRY\WYiHQt
3RGtOãtN\DYêãN\REY\NOHQHSHVDKXMHXUþLWpKUDQLFHYVRXODGXVIXQNþQtPD
HVWHWLFNêPYQtPiQtPWYDU$.RUHODFHRERXPUP$åHNROtVDWRGVLOQOLQHiUQtDåSR
QHYêUD]QRXMDNMHSDWUQp]StNODGXYêURE\NRãtN$GYRXHWQLFNêFKVNXSLQY=DPELL
åLMtFtFKYHGOHVHEH(Hodder 1982: obr. 3.12). Celkové proporce jsou pokládány za
YKRGQpNODVLILNDþQtNULWHULXPMHQSURMHGQRGXFKpWYDU\(Shepard 1961: 238).
3RXåtYDMtVHMDNRGOLFt]QDN]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKWYDU$YU$]QêFKREODVWHFK(Rice
1987: 9StSDGE\ODQVNpNHUDPLN\VHMHGQiYêUD]QROLQHiUQt]iYLVORVWWFKWR
YHOLþLQ
3URDQDOê]XNHUDPLN\QDE\ODQVNpPVtGOLãWLPiSRPUãtN\DYêãN\MHQRPH]HQRX
SODWQRVW-HSRXåLWHOQêSHVQMLMHQSURUHNRQVWUXRYDWHOQpWYDU\MLFKåMH]GH
]DVWRXSHQRPpQQHå1HSRPUMHGQRWOLYêFKWYDU$]DVWRXSHQêFKYWRPWR
VRXERUXMDNVHXNi]DORYêãHE\QHPXVHOEêWQDSHNiåNXVWDQRYHQtQMDNêFK
SURSRUþQtFKKUDQLFPH]LW\S\DYãDNW\WRSURSRUFHQHO]HEH]SURVWHGQDQH]NUHVOHQ
SRXåtWSURKRGQRFHQtRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$.RUHODFHãtN\DYêãN\E\ODQVNêFK
UHNRQVWUXRYDQêFKQiGREMH]QDþQiDGRVDKXMHKRGQRW\NRUHODþQtKRNRHILFLHQWX5
0.768(obr. 4.1.8.a.).
5R]ORåHQtKRGQRWãtNRYêãNRYpKRLQGH[XVHYêUD]QRGFK\OXMHRGQRUPiOQtKR
UR]GOHQtMDNXND]XMHSRURYQiQtMHKRHPSLULFNêFKDRþHNiYDQêFKKRGQRW3UDFRYQ
O]HVWDQRYLWSURSRUþQtKUDQLFHSURQt]NpVWHGQtDY\VRNpPLVN\YKRGQRWiFK
indexu 3.8 < 2.2 a pro polokulovité nádoby v hodnotách 1.1 < 1.6. Hodnota indexu
rovná 1.0 se jako kriterium rozlišování misek a polokulovitých nádob ukazuje jako
]MHGQRGXãHQp3URODKYHMHYWRPWRVRXERUXPiORGDWWDNåHE\E\ORPRåQRXUþLW
SUR]DWtPMHQKUDQLFLLQGH[XSURRGOLãHQtY\ããtFKDQLåãtFKODKYt3tSDGQi
NODVLILNDFHMHåMHGHILQRYiQDXYHGHQêPLKRGQRWDPLE\PRKODVORXåLWMHQMDNR
DOWHUQDWLYDN]iNODGQtPXWtGQtSRGOHVtO\VWQ\DDQDWRPLHWYDUXYL]QtåH
3URSRUFLRQiOQtNODVLILNDFHWRKRWRGUXKXVHSURWRYGDOãtDQDOê]HQHSRXåtYi]
XYHGHQêFKG$YRG$DOHEXGHQtåHSRXåLWDSURGHILQLFLSURWRW\S$YL]NDS
9DULDQWDSURSRUþQtFKLQGH[$E\OD~VSãQSRXåLWDSURWtGQtQiGREYSRODEVNp
VNXSLQ/Q.YL]2EUERulf 1997b).
4.2. Archeologický a systémový kontext výroby keramiky
4.2.1. Proporce nádob jako kognitivní znak
7YDU\IRUPiOQVHVWDYHQpSRGOHPQtFtFKVHSURSRUFtE\O\SRXåLW\SURDQDOê]X
HWQRNODVLILNDFHNWHUiSURND]XMHRSUiYQQRVWSULQFLS$NRJQLWLYQtNODVLILNDFH7DVHOLãt
RGWD[RQRPLFNpNODVLILNDFHNWHUiXYDåXMHNDåGêSUYHNMDNRURYQRFHQQê.RJQLWLYQt
NODVLILNDFHVWDQRYXMHSURWRW\S\MHåMVRXYê]QDPQMãtPLSHGVWDYLWHOLNDåGpWtG\QHå
73
MHMtGDOãtþOHQRYp(Rosch 1978: .ODVLILNDFH]D]QDPHQDQiQD]iNODGYêSRYGt
GRPRURGêFKLQIRUPiWRU$XNi]DODåHNRQWLQXiOQtSURPQQpMDNRMHãtNDDYêãND
QiGRE\QHPXVtYåG\YpVWNGLVMXQNWQtPWtGiPWYDU$7YDUQiGRE\MHURYQåYQtPiQ
RGOLãQU$]QêPLVSROHþHQVNêPLVNXSLQDPL(Kempton 1981: 121; Rice 1987: 280).
äHQ\]G$UD]RYDO\YtFHStWRPQRVWYêþQON$QHåVDPRWQêWYDU7HQWRStNODG
XND]XMHåHVQDKDVWDQRYLWKUDQLFHWYDURYêFKWtGSRGOHSURSRUFtQHPXVtEêW]FHOD
VKRGQpVNODVLILNDþQtPLSULQFLS\YS$YRGQtNXOWXH7RMHGDOãtG$YRGNRGVXQXWt
SURSRUþQtKRWtGQtWYDU$QDMLQpPtVWRYL]NDSNGHVHXSODWQtSLVW\OLVWLFNp
klasifikaci.
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
6DPLQHGRYHGHPHYQtPDWMHGQRGXFKpQHROLWLFNpWYDU\MLQDNQHåMHMLFKSRURYQiYiQtP
VLGHiOQtPLJHRPHWULFNêPLWOHV\0HQtVNXWHþQpNLYN\MDNRXVWQDXUþLWpQiGRE\
Y\WYitE\PRKORMHMLFKNODVLILNDFL]SHVQLW=$VWiYiRYãHPVWiOHY\KUD]HQRSUR
VRXERUFHOêFKQiGREDSURWRPiMHQRPH]HQêYê]QDP3URSRþHWQMãtVRXERU
RNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$MHYKRGQMãtNRQVWUXRYDWNODVLILNDFL]iNODGQtFKWYDU$QDSULQFLSX
SDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGGDQêFKSRþWHPFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKERG$DMHGQRGXFKêP
UR]OLãHQtPWHQNRVWQQêFKDVLOQRVWQQêFKQiGRE
.ODVLILNDFHWRKRWRW\SXMHYGDOãtPWH[WXXYiGQDSRGQi]YHP$1$7REU
D&2EVDKXMHãHVW]iNODGQtFKDQDWRPLFNêFKWYDU$QHER"PLVN\SRORNXORYLWp
QiGRE\DODKYHMVRXUR]OLãHQ\MHãWNDåGiQDWHQNRVWQQp PPDVLOQRVWQQp!
PP3HGVWDYXMHXUþLWp]MHGQRGXãHQtS$YRGQtNODVLILNDFH%<'RYROXMHVWXGRYDW
FKRYiQtSRGVRXERUXRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$VSROXVH]ORPN\]SRGKUGOtODKYtYU$]QêFK
kontextech obytného areálu.
4.2.3. Adaptabilita tvarového spektra
6ORåHQt]iNODGQtKRWYDURYpKRVSHNWUDRGSRYtGiFHONRYpFKDUDNWHULVWLFHKRVSRGiVWYt
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX5R]U$]QQtWtIRUHPEêYiW\SLFNpSURVWDELOL]RYDQp
RVtGOHQtYFHQWUXNRQWLQHQWXMHKRåREåLYDVSRþtYiQDNRQ]XPDFLSVWRYDQêFKURVWOLQ
DFKRYDQpKRGRE\WND=iURYHWRVYGþtRUHODWLYQtXVHGORVWLRE\YDWHOVWYD3HYDåXMtFt
polokulovité nádoby nad miskami a lahvemi ukazují na velmi nízký koeficient
PRELOLW\NWHUêE\OYMLQpPStSDGGHILQRYiQMDNRSRGtOODKYtMDUERZODPLVHN
(Scarborough 1992: 328).
9REGREtQHMVWDUãtKRYêVN\WXNHUDPLN\VHVHWNiYiPHVREGREQêPVSHNWUHPWYDU$
SUiYYWDNRYêFKWRVLWXDFtFKNGHVHNRPELQXMt]iNODGQtþLQQRVWL]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\
MHMtKRVNODGRYiQtDSHGNOiGiQt0pQUR]U$]QQpWYDU\VHY\VN\WXMtYStPRVNêFK
REODVWHFKQHERQDRSDNYQH]HPGOVNpPYQLWUR]HPt7DPE\ODNHUDPLNDMHQYMLVWpP
VP\VOXGRSONRYêPQiVWURMHPNWHUêYV\VWpPXREåLY\QHKUiOSUYRDGRXUROL9
REODVWHFKQDSRNUDMLSRXãWMHREY\NOêY\VRNêSRGtOODKYtNWHUpEêYDMtþDVWRW\SRY
YHOPLUR]PDQLWp-HWRG$VOHGHNSHYDåXMtFtPDQLSXODFHVYRGRXNWHUiMHYWDNRYêFKWR
REODVWHFKåLYRWQtQXWQRVWtGDOHNRYêUD]QMLQHåNGHNROLYMLQGH
4.2.4. Základní tvary v sídlištním odpadu
Z pohledu klasifikace ANAT je odpad na bylanském sídlišti homogenní. Dokládají to
UHODWLYQtSRþW\]iNODGQtFKWYDU$QDFKi]HMtFtFKVHYHVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[HFK
L]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKDYRVWDWQtFKREMHNWHFK9HYãHFKStSDGHFKSHVDKXMt
WHQNRVWQQpSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\REVDKX6LOQRVWQQêFKPLVHNVHQDFKi]t
UHODWLYQYtFHSRGREQMDNRVLOQRVWQQêFKODKYtWDE$=iNODGQtWYDU\MVRXY
74
VtGOLãWQtPRGSDGXUR]SWêOHQ\URYQRPUQYHVWDYHEQtPNRPSOH[XMHGQRKRGRPXVH
QDFKi]tYSU$PUXMHGLQF$YL]RORYDQpMiPMHGLQF$
0H]LKODYQtPLW\S\REMHNW$QHQtUR]GtODQLYUHODWLYQtPYêVN\WXMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWt
QiGRE2NUDMRYêFK]ORPN$VHY\VN\WXMHRNRORGHQGRSOQLWHOQêFKWYDU$
PpQQHåMHGQRSURFHQWRWDE%6NXSLQDMLQp]DKUQXMHW\SRY
QHVRXPLWHOQpREMHNW\RGYHONêFKKOLQtN$DåSRPDOpMDPN\þDVWREH]QiOH]$-Lå
GtYHE\ODSR]RURYiQDVWDELOLWDYHVORåHQtVHNXQGiUQtKRRGSDGXSRNXGVHWêNiþiVWt
QiGRE%\O\GiOHNRQVWDWRYiQ\UR]GtO\YHVWUXNWXHRGSDGXYREMHNWHFKVUR]GtOQRX
YêSOQtQLNROLYYãDNYREMHNWHFKVUR]GtOQLQWHUSUHWRYDQRXIXQNFt(Rulf 1993: 18).
4.2.5. Odpad ve stavebních komplexech
6WDYHEQtNRPSOH[\UHSUHVHQWXMtMHGQDNGRP\VMHGQRGXFKRXVWHGRYRXþiVWtMHGQDN
GRP\VGYRMLWRXVWHGRYRXþiVWt(Modderman 1986: 2EU3URWRåHVWHGQtþiVW
GRP$VORXåLODMDNRRE\WQiO]HMHMt]GYRMHQtY\VYWOLWMDNRGYRMQiVREQêRE\WQê
SURVWRUNWHUêREêYDO]KUXEDGYRMQiVREQêSRþHWOLGt2GSDGSRFKi]HMtFt]WFKWRGYRX
UR]GtOQêFKVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$Y\ND]XMHVWHMQêSRGtO]iNODGQtFKWYDU$LMHGQRWOLYêFK
þiVWtQiGRE7RRGSRYtGiMLVWpPXURYQRPUQpPXUR]SDGXWYDU$DMHMLFKYêVN\WXYH
Y\WYRHQêFKRGSDGRYêFKVRXERUHFK
-LQDNVHYãDNFKRYiSRPUQêYêVN\WþiVWtQDMHGHQG$P7DE$2GSDGX
GRP$VGYRMLWêPVWHGHPY\ND]XMHGYRMQiVREQpKRGQRW\QHåRGSDGSRFKi]HMtFt]H
VWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$XGRP$VMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP7HQVHSRGREiVORåHQtRGSDGX
YL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKDYRVWDWQtFKGRPHFKNGHSDWUQSHYDåXMtWDNpGRP\V
MHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP7DWRYêUD]QiVRXKUD~GDM$GRYROXMHXVX]RYDWQDMHGQR]QDþQê
Y]WDKPH]LSRþWHPRE\YDWHODSRþWHPQiGREYRGSDGX7RQDGUXKpVWUDQO]HFKiSDWL
MDNRSRWYU]HQtSRXåLWHOQRVWLVtGOLãWQtKRRGSDGXNRGYR]RYiQtPLQXOêFKGM$SHVWRåH
MHKRY]WDKNS$YRGQtåLYpVSROHþQRVWLEêYi]SRFK\ERYiQ(Neustupný 1998a: 77)
(tab. 4.2.5.A.).
6WHMQêREUD]MDNRMHGQRWOLYpþiVWLQiGRESRVN\WXMtL]iNODGQtWYDU\FRVHWêNi
SU$PUQpKR]DVWRXSHQtDEVROXWQtFKKRGQRWMHGQRWOLYêFKWtG9NRPSOH[HFKGRP$VH
]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPVHQDFKi]tYSU$PUXYtFHQHåGYRMQiVREHNRGSRYtGDMtFtFKWYDU$
SLWRPMHMHMLFKY]iMHPQêSRPU]DFKRYiYiQWDE%)UDJPHQWiUQRVW
]iNODGQtFKWYDU$LMHMLFKMHGQRGXFKiNODVLILNDFH$1$7]REUD]XMtSRþHWRE\YDWHO
GRPX9WRPVSRþtYi]QDNRYêYê]QDPQHMMHGQRGXããtFKWYDU$NWHUpMVRXYWRPWR
VP\VOXREUD]HPMHGQRWOLYF$NWHtWXWRNHUDPLNXSRXåtYDOL7HQWRYê]QDP]$VWiYi
]DFKRYiQYHNYDQWLWDWLYQtFKSRPUHFKRGSDGXSHVWRåHSURGODODGXWUDQVIRUPDFt
QiVOHGXMtFtFKSRUR]ELWtQiGREDRSXãWQtRE\GOt
4.2.6. Ikonografie ve tvarech nádob
7YDUQiGREEêYiSLURYQiYiQN]REUD]HQtWYDUXWOD3URWRPDMtMHGQRWOLYpþiVWL
QiGRE\YDGMD]\N$SRGREQpQi]Y\WORKUGORELFKR3tGDYQpþiVWLPRKRXEêW
QRåN\RXãNDSXSN\3tPRMVRXW\WRDQDORJLHSDWUQpQD]YOiãWQtFKDQWURSRPRUIQtFK
WYDUHFK3tNODGHPP$åHEêWREOLþHMRYiQiGRED]0RþRYLF3DYO$F.URP
UHDOLVWLFNpKRREOLþHMHVHY\]QDþXMHQHREY\NOêPQDVD]HQtPKUGODNWHUpMHRGGOHQRRG
YODVWQtKRWOD=YOiãWQtPHWDIRULFNêY]WDKPH]LOLGVNêPWOHPDQiGRERXMHGRNOiGiQ
YþHWQêFKHWQRJUDILFNêFKSUDFtFK(Lévi-Strauss 1985: /]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHWDWR
PHWDIRUDE\ODXQiGREGHQQtKRSRXåLWtSRVWXSQSRWODþRYiQD
75
9%\ODQHFKVHQDãO\MHQGYDVURYQDWHOQp]ORPN\NWHUpGRNOiGDMtH[LVWHQFLWFKWR
WYDU$LQDWRPWRVtGOLãWL3UYQtREMBYA2: 158) se nalezl v komplexu
GRPXMHKRå]YOiãWQtSRVWDYHQtMHGiQRVDPRWQRXNRQVWUXNFtWRKRWRGRPX'UXKê
YãDNE\OGDWRYiQSRGOHFKDUDNWHUXPDWHULiOXPH]LLQWUX]HSR]GQOHQJ\HOVNpKR
horizontu v souboru jámy 198 (212205, BYA1: 133), odkud pochází další 4 intruzivní
zlomky (BYA10RKOE\GRNOiGDWSHWUYiQt]YOiãWQtFKWYDU$DåGR]iYUXQHROLWX
NG\YãHGQtNHUDPLNDMLåGRVSODNH]FHODRGOLãQêPIRUPiP=YOiãWQtFKDUDNWHUREVDKX
MiP\MHGiQWDNpRMHGLQOêPQiOH]HPPRGHOXSHFHNWHUêYãDN]DSDGiGRVRXERUX
datovaného ostatními zlomky lineární keramiky (BYA1: 156).
4.3. Informativní obsah základních kategorií tvaru nádob
4.3.1. Variabilita mezi fázemi: fenotypy a genotypy
5HODWLYQtFKURQRORJLHVtGOLãWY\SUDFRYDQiSURVWDYHEQtNRPSOH[\GRP$DQNWHUp
izolované jámy 3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNiGRYROXMHVWXGRYDWHYROXFLDUWHIDNW$Y
MHMLFKSRVWV\VWpPRYpPNRQWH[WX2GSDGYHYêSOQLNRPSOH[$MHGRMLVWpPtU\RGYR]HQ
RGUHODFtYNRQWH[WXS$YRGQtåLYpNXOWXU\YUiPFLNRQNUpWQtKRGRPX9DGStSDG$
MHVHVNXSRYiQt]QDN$]HMPQHQiKRGQp7RGRYROXMHLQWHUSUHWDFLY]WDKXMtFtVH
EH]SURVWHGQNRQRPXS$YRGQtPXVWDYXMHQåMDNRE\]$VWDOEH]RKOHGXQDSURWUSQp
WUDQVIRUPDFH]DNRQ]HUYRYiQ2GSDG]L]RORYDQêFKMDPVHFKRYiRGOLãQMHQY
QNWHUêFKGHWDLOQtFKDVSHNWHFK-HKRVWUXNWXUDE\ODSHFHMHQGHIRUPRYDQMãtQHER"
VRXERU\]WFKWRREMHNW$SURGODO\RSURWLRGSDGX]HVWDYHEQtFKMDPYtFHNURN$
transformací.
0RGHOHYROXFHELRORJLFNêFKV\VWpP$P$åHEêWSRXåLWSURYêNODGYêYRMRYp
YDULDELOLW\DUWHIDNW$-HKRSRXåLWtMH]DORåHQRQDVWXGLXU$]QêFKVKOXNRYiQt]QDN$Y
SURVWRUXVRXþDVQêFKGRP$YUiPFLMHGQpIi]HDQHERYSURVWRUXQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$
PH]LIi]HPL9HYêYRMLDUWHIDNW$PRKRXEêWUR]OLãHQ\JHQRW\SLFNp]QDN\VURYNDS
DNDS]DORåHQpQDJHQHWLFN\SHQiãHQpLQIRUPDFLDIHQRW\SLFNp]QDN\
SHGVWDYXMtFtLQIRUPDFLSHQiãHQRXNXOWXUQtPLSURVWHGN\Rindos 1989, Neff 1992).
*HQRW\S\MVRXYêVOHGNHPXþHQtYUiPFLStEX]HQVNêFKVYD]N$XYQLWMHGQRKRGRPX
QHMþDVWML]DORåHQpQDY]WDKXPDWNDGFHUDPpQþDVWRPDWNDVQDFKD,QWHUDNFHPH]L
RE\YDWHOLNDåGpKRGRPXDMHMLFKStURGQtPSURVWHGtPVHSURMHYXMHUR]GtO\PH]L
V\QFKURQQtPLGRP\WpåHIi]HVtGOLãW7DNGRFKi]tNHY]QLNXIHQRW\S$QD~URYQLIi]H
3URWRåHLPH]LQiVOHGQêPLGRP\O]HSHGSRNOiGDWMLVWêVWXSHStEX]QRVWLRE\YDWHO
FKRYDMtVHDUWHIDNW\PH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLIi]HPLVStãHMDNRJHQRW\S\FRåVHSURMHYXMH
Qt]NRXDV\QFKURQQtYDULDELOLWRX)HQRW\SLFNiYDULDELOLWDP$åHEêW]MLã"RYiQDMDNR
variabilita v synchronních komplexech. Jinak by musela být prokazována širším
LQWUDUHJLRQiOQtPVURYQiYiQtPV\QFKURQQtFKIi]tGYRXVtGOLã"VUR]GtOQRXHYROXFt
=iNODGQtWYDU\Y\ND]XMtUR]GtOQRXVWUXNWXUXE\ODQVNêFKJHQRW\S$PH]LIi]HPL
RGOLãQRXYNDWHJRULLWHQNRVWQQêFKDVLOQRVWQQêFKWYDU$7RY\SOêYi]SRGUREQMãtKR
XVSRiGiQtGDWQHER"S$YRGQE\ODNRQVWDWRYiQDVStãHQHPQQiVWUXNWXUD(Rulf
1986: *HQRW\S\VHYêUD]QOLãtYHVWDUãtP~VHNXIi]tDåUHVS3RGtO
WHQNRVWQQêFKPLVHNDSRORNXORYLWêFKQiGRENROtViPH]LIi]HPLSLYtFHPpQ
NRQVWDQWQtPSRGtOXODKYtREUD9êVN\WVLOQRVWQQêFKWYDU$NROtViYHYãHFK
WHFKNDWHJRULtFKREUE9]iMHPQpUHODFHRERXMVRXYWãLQRX]DFKRYiQ\Y\MPD
Ii]HYQtåMH]FHODY\URYQDQêSRGtOWHQNRVWQQêFKLVLOQRVWQQêFKPLVHN
9PODGãtFKIi]tFKVHVWUXNWXUDJHQRW\S$WHQNRVWQQêFKWYDU$XVWiOLODEH]
YêUD]QMãtFK]PQ3RGREQVHXVWiOLODLVWUXNWXUDVLOQRVWQQêFKWYDU$0H]LQLPLVH
76
SURMHYXMtPHQãt]PQ\YSRVOHGQtFKþW\HFKIi]tFKNG\GRFKi]tNGDOãtPX]Y\ãRYiQt
SRGtOXSRORNXORYLWêFKWYDU$3RGtO\]iNODGQtFKWYDU$MDNRV\QFKURQQVWDELOQtFK
JHQRW\S$VHSURMHYXMtYêUD]QMLYPODGãtFKQHåYHVWDUãtFKIi]tFK$þNROLYMHMLFK
NYDQWLWDWLYQtYêVN\WQHGiYiåiGQRXSUDYLGHOQRXFKURQRORJLFNRXDGXMHSDWUQp
]QDþQpNROtViQtSRPUXSRORNXORYLWêFKWYDU$DPLVHN
*HQRW\S\D~ORKDNRPSOH[$SLYêURENHUDPLN\
3HGSRNOiGiVHåHQiOH]\]HVWDYHEQtKRNRPSOH[XUHSUHVHQWXMtþiVWLQYHQWiH
SLOHKOpKRGRPX-HSHGPWHPGLVNXVH]GDWDWRþiVWSRNUêYiYFKURQRORJLFNpP
VP\VOXFHORXGREXWUYiQtDMDNêMHSRGtOQiOH]$]GRE\SHGFKi]HMtFtVWDYE$EVHQFH
QiOH]$YNRPSOH[HFKVRXYLVtVStãHVDEVHQFtVWDYHEQtFKMDPYRNROtGRPX9HOPL
PiORNHUDPLN\REVDKXMHQDStNODGNRPSOH[MHGQRKR]QHMVWDUãtFKGRP$]SUYQt
Ii]H1HGRVWDWHNDUWHIDNW$YRGSDGXPRKOEêWYãDNLG$VOHGNHPSHVWKRYiQtYWãLQ\
LQYHQWiHEKHPQiKOpKRRSXãWQtGRPXMDNVHXNi]DORQDStNODGYGRP]
Miskovic 2 (3DYO$E).
'RP\YHVP\VOXVSROHþHQVNRKRVSRGiVNêFKFHON$KRXVHKROGMHPRåQRSRYDåRYDW
]DYêUREQtMHGQRWN\NGHVHVRXVWHRYDODYêUREDNHUDPLN\SURSRWHE\MHGQRWOLYêFK
KRVSRGiVWYt=DSHGSRNODGXGRPiFNpYêURE\NWHUiMHSURQHROLWYãHREHFQ
SLMDWHOQiVHXYDåXMHMLåYWpWRGRERPRåQêFKMHGQRGXFKêFKIRUPiFKYêPQ\
]ERåtNWHUiYãDNQHE\ODStOLãUR]ViKOi6ORåHQtYWãLQ\VRXERUXQiGREtYNDåGpP
GRPP$åHSURWREêWSURMHYHPVGtOHQpJHQHWLFNpLQIRUPDFH6NODGED]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
UHSUHVHQWXMHG$PMDNRMHGQRKRYêUREFHDþNROLYE\ORYêãHXNi]iQRåHRGSRYtGiVStãH
PQRåVWYtMHGQRWOLYF$XåLYDWHO$NWHtYQPåLOL7RVHSURMHYXMHSRX]HYUHODWLYQtP
SRGtOX]MLãWQpKRPQRåVWYtRGSDGXQDMHGHQG$PVYWãtVWHGQtþiVWtYL]YêãHNDS
9HGOHWRKRYãDNNRUHODFHFHONRYpKRPQRåVWYtRGSDGXVFHONRYRXGpONRXGRPX
byla velmi nízká (Rulf 1993: 17).
4.3.3. Fenotypická variabilita mezi komplexy
9DULDELOLWD]iNODGQtFKWYDU$MHYêUD]QiPH]LIi]HPLVWDUãtKRYêYRMHYL]YêãHIi]H
]DWtPFRYPODGãtFKIi]tFKVHSUDNWLFN\QHSURMHYXMH8YQLWIi]tQHERPH]L
V\QFKURQQtPLNRPSOH[\MHSR]RURYiQD]QDþQiYDULDELOLWDDWRYHYãHFKIi]tFK7XWR
YDULDELOLWXMHPRåQRR]QDþLWMDNRIHQRW\SLFNRXDMHMtStþLQ\VSDWRYDWYUR]GtOQêFK
podmínkách výroby v jednotlivých domech. Kolísání tvarové skladby mezi komplexy
MH]QDþQpDSRK\EXMHVHiGRYYUR]SWt
=MLã"RYDQiYDULDELOLWDPH]LVWDUãtPLIi]HPLY\SOêYiSDWUQ]UR]GtOQpWHFKQRORJLH
NWHUiE\ODYWFKWRVWDUãtFKIi]tFKSHYDKRXXSODWRYiQD'UXKRXStþLQRXE\PRKOD
EêWLUR]GtOQiRUJDQL]DFHYêURE\NWHUiPRKODSHVDKRYDWMHGHQG$PDEêWVSROHþQi
SURQNROLNVRXþDVQVWRMtFtFKGRP$3RWRPVHVWUXNWXUD]iNODGQtFKWYDU$$1$7
Y\]QDþXMHSRGREQRXV\QFKURQQtLDV\QFKURQQtYDULDELOLWRXDRERMtPiIHQRW\SLFNê
FKDUDNWHU-DNRJHQRW\S\SURREGREtIi]HE\PXVHO\EêWR]QDþHQ\MHQIRUP\
RGOLãXMtFtVHSRþWHPFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKERG$EH]RKOHGXQDVtOXVWQ\
.RHILFLHQW]UXþQRVWL
7HRULHPDQXiOQt]UXþQRVWLPRWRUKDELWWWKHRU\P$åHVORXåLWNYêNODGXYDULDELOLW\
PH]LYêUREN\SRStSDGNPHQtSUDFQRVWLDWXGtåLYêUREQtFKQiNODG$3UR
NODVLILNDFL$1$7Y\FKi]tMHGQRGXFKêNRHILFLHQW]UXþQRVWL]RKRGQRFHQtSUDFQRVWL
YêURE\NODVLILNDþQtFK]QDN$-H]HMPpåHSUDFQMãtQHåYêUREDPLVN\EXGH]KRWRYHQt
SRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\MHMtåYêUREDEXGHPpQSUDFQiQHå]KRWRYHQtODKYH3RGOHVtO\
77
VWQ\QiGRE\MHMHGQRGXããtY\URELWVLOQRVWQQRXQiGREXQHåWHQNRVWQQRX
9\QiVREHQtPStVOXãQêFK]QiPHNVHGRFKi]tSURNDåGêWYDUNXUþLWpPXVNyUHMtPåMH
PRåQRYiåLWUHODWLYQtYêVN\WWYDU$YSDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGiFK3URWRåH]QiPN\
nabývají hodnot 1 - 6 a relativní výskyt 0 – 100 %, pohybuje se výsledné skóre v
KUDQLFtFK9êVOHGNHPMHSURNDåGêG$PMHGQDKRGQRWDRFHXMtFt]UXþQRVW
YêUREF$NHUDPLN\DSUDFQRVWMHMtYêURE\WDE$
*HQRW\S\YHYêYRMLFHOpKRVtGOLãW
6WDELOL]RYDQêYêVN\WWt]iNODGQtFKWYDU$SHGVWDYXMHWUDGLFLMHGQRKRRE\WQpKRDUHiOX
0LVN\SRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\DODKYHO]HR]QDþLW]DKODYQtJHQRW\S\WRKRWRVtGHOQtKR
~]HPtNWHUpPDMtRYãHPVYRMHNXOWXUQtDWXGtåIHQRW\SLFNpNRQVHNYHQFHYUiPFLFHOp
kultury s lineární keramikou.
7YDURYiLGHQWLILNDFHQiOHåtNHNRQVWDQWQtP]QDN$PQHROLWLFNêFKRE\WQêFKDUHiO$
VWHMQMDNRYHOLNRVWQtVSHNWUXPDVtODVWQ\QiGRERulf 1986: 235). To je významné
]MLãWQtMHVWOLåH]iURYHSODWtåHMHGQRWOLYiQDOH]LãWVHOLãtFHONRYRXNYDQWLWRX
NHUDPLN\3RþHWQiGREQDOH]HQêFKQDORNDOLWMHVSRMRYiQVStãHVPDVRXGRFKRYDQpKR
nebo prozkoumaného odpadu (Rulf 1986: NWHUiEêYiUR]GtOQiQHåV
RGFK\ONDPLYPQRåVWYtY\UREHQêFKSRStSDGSRXåtYDQêFKQiGRE
*HQRW\SRYiMHGQRWDþHVNêFKORNDOLWNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXGRYROXMHK\SRWp]\R
UR]GtOQpPSRþWXRE\YDWHOVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$MDNRKODYQtStþLQUR]GtO$YPQRåVWYt
QDOH]HQpNHUDPLN\3URSHVQMãtVURYQiYiQtMHGQRWOLYêFKQDOH]Lã"E\YãDN]DMLVWp
E\ORQXWQpSRþW\NHUDPLN\QDQLFKYiåLWQMDNêPNRHILFLHQWHPRGSDGXNWHUêEXGH
SURNDåGp]QLFKRGOLãQê-LVWêPYRGtWNHPSUR%\ODQ\E\PRKOEêWSU$PUQêSRþHW
GRFKRYDQêFK]ORPN$]MHGQpQiGRE\NWHUêþLQt(Rulf 1986: 3tSDGQê
NRHILFLHQWRGSDGXE\POEêWMLVWRXIXQNFtWRKRWRþtVODLNG\åYSUYpDG
FKDUDNWHUL]XMHYHOLNRVWVHNXQGiUQtKRSHGNRQHþQêQêPXORåHQtPQNROLNUiW
SHPtVWQpKRRGSDGX5HNRQVWUXNFHV\VWpPRYêFKVRXERU$QD]iNODG
DUFKHRORJLFNêFKVRXERU$QHE\O\GRVXGSURYiGQ\(Sommer 1991: 145).
)HQRW\S\V\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[$
-HVWOLåHKRGQRWDNRHILFLHQWXURYQiR]QDþXMHVWHGQtVWXSH]UXþQRVWLYêUREF$
SRK\EXMHVHYWãLQDMHKRNRQNUpWQtFKKRGQRWYMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKVQHYHONêPL
RGFK\ONDPLRNRORWRKRWRVWHGX9WãLQDOHåtYUR]PH]tERG$3URWRåHYãDN
NRHILFLHQWPiVStãHFKDUDNWHU]QiPNXMtFtKRVNyUHQHåVWDWLVWLFNpYHOLþLQ\MHSRþtWiQ
]HYãHFKNRPSOH[$WHG\LWFKNWHUpE\SURMLQiNYDQWLWDWLYQtVURYQiQtREVDKRYDO\
QHGRVWDWHþQêSRGSUDKRYêSRþHWQiOH]$-LåYSUYQtIi]LPiNRHILFLHQWSURQHMVWDUãt
G$PPD[LPiOQtKRGQRWXSURWRåHVH]GHQDOH]OSRX]H]ORPHN
WHQNRVWQQpODKYHDYGRPQDRSDNYêMLPHþQQt]NRXKRGQRWXERG$
9åiGQpP]NRPSOH[$Ii]HQHSHVDKXMHNRHILFLHQWVWHGRYRXKRGQRWXMDNRE\
VHYêUREDNHUDPLN\SRSRþiWHþQtPRVtGOHQtDUHiOXVRXVWHGLODQDMHGQRGXããtWYDU\
7RWpåSODWtRNRPSOH[HFKIi]HNGHPD[LPiOQtKRGQRWXGRVDKXMHNRPSOH[
domu 2299 v šesté fázi. Potom, co došlo k posunu sídelního areálu na sekci B a A,
]YêãLORVHLVNyUH]UXþQRVWLYNRPSOH[HFKSURMHGQRWOLYpGRP\9WãLQDGRP$Y
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QiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKSLþHPåYUiPFLåiGQp]QLFKVNyUHQHNROtViRYtFHQHå
ERG$
78
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(3DYO$SLSRPtQiSRþWHPERG$WDWRIi]HQHMVWDUãtRVtGOHQt]Ii]H
1DSURWLWRPXYHIi]LNWHUiUHSUHVHQWXMHURYQåREQRYHQt]iVWDYE\QHQtY$Gþt
SRVWDYHQtQNWHUpKRGRPX]WRKRWRKOHGLVNDWDNYêUD]QpYGRPMHVNyUH
ERG$.RHILFLHQW]UXþQRVWLYêUREF$NOHViSRGVWHGRYpKRGQRW\YêUD]QMLYHIi]L
DYãDNY]iYUXRVtGOHQtGRVDKXMHVWDQGDUGQtYêãHRNRORERG$WDE$
4.3.7. Výrobní okruhy
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MHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKQHMVRXYUiPFLV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[$UR]PtVWQ\QDVtGOLãWL
]FHODQiKRGQ9\WYiHMtXUþLWpRNUXK\VWRXSDMtFtFKKRGQRWNWHUpVHVRXVWHXMtRNROR
MHGQRKRQHERQNROLNDPiORGRP$'HILQLWLYQtKRGQRFHQtMHYãDN]WtåHQRSRPUQ
Qt]NêPSRþWHPGRP$YQNWHUêFKIi]tFKDWDNpQXWQRVWtSHGSRNOiGDWGDOãtVRXþDVQp
domy na neprozkoumané ploše.
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REUD$2GSRYtGiWRVSROHþQpWUDGLFLYêURE\NHUDPLN\NWHUiSHVDKXMH
þDVRYp~VHN\-LQpXVSRiGiQtGiYDMtGRP\]Ii]tNGHVHWYRtWLRNUXK\RNROR
GRP$]Ii]H7RWRXVSRiGiQtS$VREtQHVRXURGSURWRåHGRP\]
Ii]HDPRåQiL]Ii]HSRNUDþXMtMHãWYHVWDUãtIRUPYêUREQtWUDGLFH]DWtPFRRG
Ii]HMLåY\VWXSXMtV\QFKURQQtGRP\]FHODVYpE\WQ7RVHSURMHYXMHY
QiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKREUD%']DVWRXSHQêFKGRVWDWHþQêPSRþWHP
GRP$9NDåGp]QLFKVHMLåIRUPXMtMHGHQDåGYDRNUXK\VRXþDVQêFKGRP$V
XVSRiGiQtPNRHILFLHQW$]UXþQRVWLNOHVDMtFtFKRGXUþLWpKRFHQWUDVQDGSU$PUQêPL
KRGQRWDPLNRHILFLHQW$
7RWpåSODWtLSURIi]HREUD(+6ORXþHQtIi]tDWDNp
]iYUHþQêFKIi]tYNDåGp]QLFKåMHPiORGRP$NWHUpO]HVOHGRYDWRGGOHQ
GDORPpQMDVQêREUD]WDNåHO]HVRXGLWåHGRP\]MHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tE\VHFKRYDO\
REGREQ2NUXK\GRP$NWHUpY\ND]XMtXUþLWRXY]iMHPQRGVWXSRYDQRXYêUREQt
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StEX]HQVNêFKY]WD]tFKSRStSDGMHQQDVRXVHGVNêFKY]WD]tFK7DWRK\SRWp]D
SHGSRNOiGiåHXVSRiGiQtNRHILFLHQW$QHQtMHQ]GiQOLYpDQHY]QLNiSLMHMLFK
jakémkoliv náhodném seskupení.
4.3.8. Výrobní kontinuita
3RGREQMDNRYDULDELOLWXJHQRW\S$YHYêYRMRYpDGVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tO]HKRGQRWLWWDNp
NRQWLQXLWXYêURE\MDNVHSURMHYLODYSRGtOXYêURE\MHGQRWOLYêFK]iNODGQtFKWYDU$
3RGOHYêVOHGNXNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\MHQHMG$OHåLWMãtSUYQtRVD
YDULDELOLW\YMHMtPåFHQWUXVWRMtYêUREQQHMREWtåQMãtWHQNpODKYH.QLPVHDGtIi]H
1HMY\ããtNODGQpKRGQRW\Y\ND]XMtWHQNRVWQQpERPE\V
QLPLåVHSRMtYãHFKQ\VWDUãtIi]H=iSRUQpKRGQRW\PDMtWHQNRVWQQpPLVN\
VSROXVRVWDWQtPLIi]HPL9FQêYêNODGWRKRWRIDNWRUXQHQtMHGQRGXFKê%\ORE\
PRåQRKRYRLWR~URYQLSRåDGDYN$QDYêUREXU$]QêFKWYDU$=DWtPFRWHQNRVWQQp
ODKYHVSROXVHVLOQRVWQQêPLSRORNXORYLWêPLQiGREDPLE\O\SRåDGRYiQ\MDNR
VWDQGDUGQtWYDUE\ODSRSWiYNDSRPLVNiFKQLåãtQHåSRWHQNRVWQQêFKSRORNXORYLWêFK
QiGREiFK9SU$EKXVWDUãtFKIi]tVHWHQWRWUHQG]YêUD]QLOREUD
Ve druhém faktoru (11.7 %) se pohybují tvary mezi kladnými hodnotami
VLOQRVWQQêFKODKYtD]iSRUQêPLKRGQRWDPLWHQNRVWQQêFKPLVHNFRåRGSRYtGi
79
QHMVStãHGDQpVSRWHEPDWHULiOX3RDGtWYDU$YHWHWtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\
YHOPLGREHNRUHVSRQGXMHVKRGQRWDPLNRHILFLHQWX]UXþQRVWL6PUHPN]iSRUQêP
KRGQRWiPIDNWRUXNRHILFLHQWY]U$VWi1DEt]tVHYêNODGRGRVWXSQRVWLQHER
Y\URELWHOQRVWLMHGQRWOLYêFKWYDU$3URWLVREWDNVWRMtVLOQRVWQQpPLVN\VNODGQêPL
KRGQRWDPLIDNWRUXDQt]NêPNRHILFLHQWHPREWtåQRVWLDWHQNRVWQQpODKYHVH
]iSRUQêPLKRGQRWDPLWHWtKRIDNWRUXDY\VRNêPNRHILFLHQWHPREWtåQRVWL=WRKRWR
KOHGLVNDYêUREQtWUDGLFHYHVWDUãtFKIi]tFKVLOQNROtVDOD1iURþQiYêUREDVHXGUåRYDOD
PH]LIi]HPL1DRSDNPpQQiURþQiYêURED]KOHGLVNDWYDU$VHSURMHYLODY
mladších fázích 20, 22, 23 a 25.
1DE\ODQVNpPVtGOLãWLVHSRGOHWRKRQHSURMHYXMHYêUD]QMãtYêUREQtNRQWLQXLWDY
SU$EKXMHKRYêYRMHSRNXGVHWêNi]iNODGQtFKDQDWRPLFNêFKWYDU$YHVWDUãtFKD
PODGãtFKIi]tFK=HWHOQiVWUXNWXUDYêUREQtWUDGLFHQHROLWLFNêFKWYDU$MHSDWUQiY
UiPFL]iNODGQtFKIRUHPQiGRESRGOHSRþWXLQIOHNþQtFKERG$YQLFKåVHPQtSU$EK
NLYN\SURILOX0LVN\QHPDMtåiGQêDERPERYLWpWYDU\MHQMHGHQ/DKYHVHYHYWãLQ
StSDG$Y\]QDþXMtGYPDERG\YQLFKåVHVPUNLYN\SURILOXPQt6WDUãtDPODGãt
Ii]HY\WYiHMtYWRPWRSURVWRUXGYDYêUD]QpVKOXN\RGGOHQpSHFKRGQêPLIi]HPLD
9 (obr. 4.3.8.b, srov. obr. 4.3.1.a,b). Tradice v rámci starších fází se projevuje jako
YROQMãtYHVURYQiQtVYHOPLNRQFHQWURYDQRXYêUREQtWUDGLFtPODGãtFKIi]t6WDUãt
VWXSHNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXY\ND]XMHWHG\YHIRUPiFKQiGREYê]QDPQRX
VWUXNWXUiOQtRGOLãQRVWNWHUiMHY\MiGHQDWDNpVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQêPLUR]GtO\FKT
600.6, d.f. = 48, p = 0.0) v rámci tabulky dat (tab. 4.3.8.A).
4.4. .ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtQiGREYV\VWpPXREåLY\
DGOE\SUiFH
4.4.1. Sklon okraje
1iGRE\MDNRQiVWURMHVHXSODWXMtYV\VWpPXKRVSRGiVWYtDREåLY\VSROHþQRVWLVYRMt
XåLWNRYRVWt7tPVHWDNptGLO\NHUDPLþN\SL]KRWRYRYiQtE\ODQVNêFKQiGRENG\å
UR]KRGRYDO\RMHMLFKNRQNUpWQtFKWYDUHFKDYHOLNRVWHFK5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWt]iNODGQtFK
technických charakteristik nádob a jejich seskupování v odpovídajících kontextech
VYGþtRWDNRYpWR]iPUQpYROE0RGDOLWDVWDWLVWLFNêFKUR]GOHQtP$åHVORXåLWN
GHILQRYiQtIXQNþQtFKNODVLILNDFtDOHVSRGRWpPtU\MDNVHMHYtþOHQLWRVWVWUXNWXU\
VtGHOQtKRRGSDGXGQHãQtPXSR]RURYDWHOL8ND]XMHVHåHGREH]DORåHQiIXQNþQt
WtGQtNRStUXMtVYHONRXSUDYGSRGREQRVWtV\VWpPRYRXNDWHJRUL]DFLDUWHIDNW$
7YDUQiGRE\Y\VWLKXMHX]DYHQRVWMHMtKR~VWtNWHUpVHPQtSRGOHVNORQXRNUDMH9
E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXE\OPHQVNORQRNUDMHMDNR~KHORV\RNUDMHNWHUêVYtUiVURYLQRX
~VWtQiGRE\%\OPHQSURYãHFKQ\WYDU\YþHWQODKYtVYêMLPNRXYHOPLPDOêFK
]ORPN$XQLFKåQHE\ORPRåQRMHGQR]QDþQSRORKXRNUDMHVWDQRYLW9QNWHUêFK
StSDGHFK]YOiãWXSUDYHQêFKQHERVHt]QXWêFKRNUDM$E\ODRVDRNUDMHQDKUD]HQDRVRX
SLOHKOpþiVWLVWQ\6WDWLVWLFNpUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtWDNWR]PHQêFKVNORQ$MHYêUD]Q
ELPRGiOQtVKUDQLFtNWHURXO]HVWDQRYLWYERGo.
7RVHSRQNXGOLãtRGS$YRGQtHPSLULFNpKUDQLFHXUþHQpVNORQHPo (Soudský 1967:
REUWDNåHMHãWQNROLNWYDU$S$YRGQNODVLILNRYDQêFKMDNRPLVN\SHVDKRYDOR
do rozmezí sklonu 95o - 87o.ODVLILNDFHWFKWRRMHGLQOêFKStSDG$E\OD]QRYX
UHYLGRYiQD-HGQDORVHYHVPVRPHQãt]ORPN\RNUDM$NWHUpQHPRKO\EêW
MHGQR]QDþQRULHQWRYiQ\QHERXQLFKåH[WUDSRODFHGDOãtKRSU$EKXVWQ\E\OD
QHUR]KRGQi0H]LQLPLPRKRXEêWWDNpQHUR]OLãLWHOQpRNUDMHPLVHNQHERUR]HYHQêFK
ODKYt=E\OpVSRUQpStSDG\E\O\]NODVLILNDFHY\D]HQ\
80
2GGOHQE\ORY\þtVOHQRUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYHGYRXVNXSLQiFKGDQêFKKUDQLFtVNORQX
okraje 95o.GDOãtPXSRGUR]GOHQtWFKWRVNXSLQVORXåLO\KUDQLFHSUYQtKRDWHWtKR
NYDUWLOXNWHUpMHGOtQDVNXSLQ\VHVWHMQêPSRþWHPSUYN$6DPRWQiUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWt
SLSRXåLWtãNiO\SRMHGQRPVWXSQLY\ND]RYDODQNROLNQHSUDYLGHOQêFKYUFKRO$
]HMPYG$VOHGNXQHSUDYLGHOQRVWtYPHQt5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHSUDYLGHOQMãtQD
ãNiOHSRSWLVWXSQtFKFRåMHWDNp]HMPKUDQLFHSHVQRVWLPHQt/]HSHGSRNOiGDW
åHNHUDPLþN\QHSRXåtYDO\SHVQê~KORPUDSURWRMHWRWDNpGRVWDWHþQiPtUDS$YRGQt
variability sklonu.
.YDUWLO\YSUYQtVNXSLQMVRXGiQ\KRGQRWDPLo a 76o, FRåMHEUiQR]DþOHQQt
VNORQXRNUDM$SRORNXORYLWêFKWYDU$.YDUWLO\YHGUXKpVNXSLQMVRXo a 119oþtPå
MVRXGiQ\KUDQLFHSURþOHQQtRNUDM$PLVHN2NUDMHODKYtE\O\]WRKRWRþOHQQt
Y\ORXþHQ\DGiOH]$VWDO\QHþOHQQp7tPWRSRVWXSHPE\ORGHILQRYiQRVHGPWtG
VNORQXRNUDM$REUDNWHUpYSRDGtRGYHOPLUR]HYHQêFKPLVHNSHVVLOQ
X]DYHQpSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\DåSRODKYHY\WYiHMtVWXSQLFLNWHUiIXQNþQY\MDGXMH
VWXSH]DEH]SHþHQtREVDKXQiGRE\SURWLY\OLWtQHERY\V\SiQt
3U$PU~VWt
'DOãtPLWHOQRXFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXNDåGpQiGRE\MHSU$PUMHMtKR~VWtRULILFH
GLDPHWHUNWHUêY\SRYtGiRYHOLNRVWLQiGRE'HILQLFHWRKRWRPHQtVHQNG\OLãtRG
PHQtSU$PUXRNUDMHULPGLDPHWHU6SRUQpP$åHEêWPHQtVORåLWML
SURILORYDQêFKWYDU$XRNUDMHFRåVHYãDNQHY]WDKXMHQDYWãLQXQHROLWLFNêFKWYDU$
ÒVWtMH]GHGHILQRYiQRMDNRQHMQLåãt~URYHRWHYHQtQiGRE\SURWRDE\MHMtREVDKE\O
GRVWXSQêNGDOãtPDQLSXODFL9QDãHPStSDGVHSUDNWLFN\NU\MHVRNUDMHPPLVHND
SRORNXORYLWêFKQiGRE3tSDGQpGHWDLOQt~SUDY\RNUDMHMDNRMHQDSMHKR]~åHQtQHER
HVRYLWpSURILORYiQtQHMVRXSLWRPXYDåRYiQ\
3RQNXGVSRUQMãtMHPHQtODKYtNG\~VWtPVHUR]XPtSU$PUKUGODY~URYQL
SRGKUGOt9HYWãLQStSDG$MHGREHUR]OLãLWHOQpDNU\MHVHVERGHPYHUWLNiOQt
WDQJHQW\KUGODDOHVSRXUR]HYHQêFKKUGHO1NG\QHQtWHQWRERGMHGQR]QDþQ
XUþLWHOQê]HMPpQDMHOLKUGORPRGHORYiQRYHOPLSR]YROQD9]KOHGHPN
QHSUDYLGHOQRVWLY\WYiHQtKUGHOYWãLQ\ODKYtYNXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXQHE\ORY
FHONRYpPKRGQRFHQtSRXåLWRSU$PUXRNUDMHNWHUêQHPXVtEêWYåG\IXQNþQ
VURYQDWHOQêVSU$PUHPRNUDMH~VWtPLVHNDSRORNXORYLWêFKQiGRE
9HVWDWLVWLFNpPUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtSU$PUX~VWtVHSURMHYLOSRGREQêMHYMDNRMLQGH
(Braun 1980: NG\åQDãNiOHFPE\OMHKRJUDIYHOPLQHSUDYLGHOQê3tþLQRXMH
]HMPEåQê]S$VREPHQtSLQPåMHSHGQRVWSRGYGRPGiYiQDNODGQêP
KRGQRWiPSRNXGQHQtREORXNRNUDMHGRVWDWHþQYHONêDMHKRSLSRMHQtNãDEORQ]FHOD
MHGQR]QDþQp0HQt]ORPN$VREORXNHPPHQãtPQHåREYRGXE\ORSDN
DQXORYiQR7HSUYHQDFPãNiOHVHSURMHYLORNRQVLVWHQWQtUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtEH]
SDWUQpPRGDOLW\SRX]HVQNROLNDQHYêUD]QêPLYUFKRO\
3URWRE\OR]SUDFRYiQRMHãWGDOãtUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtSURGYQHMSRþHWQMãtVNXSLQ\
klasifikace BY67, a to polokulovité nádoby (Obr. 4.1.4.a: kód 2) a misky (Obr.
DNyG2EUR]GOHQtY\ND]XMtXUþLWRXELPRGDOLWXNWHUiGRYROXMHVWDQRYLW
NODVLILNDþQtKUDQLFH+RGQRW\MVRXYãDNSUR]iNODGQtWYDU\UR]GtOQp0LVN\O]HGOLWQD
PHQãtVSU$PUHP~VWtFPDYWãtVSU$PUHP~VWtQDGWRXWRKUDQLFt3RGREQO]H
UR]GOLWSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\SRGOHSU$PUX~VWtKRGQRWRXFP3RþHWPLWHOQêFK
KRGQRWYVRXERUXODKYtE\OQLåãtDUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtRSURWLSHGFKi]HMtFtPVNXSLQiP
81
POR]SORãWOêWYDU+UDQLFHSU$PUX~VWtE\ODVWDQRYHQDXODKYt]DSU$PUHPWRKRWR
UR]GOHQt[ FPKRGQRWRXFP
9NDåGpWtG]iNODGQtFKWYDU$E\O\WtPWR]S$VREHPLQGLYLGXiOQVWDQRYHQ\GY
YHOLNRVWQtSRGWtG\9\MDGXMtGRVWXSQRVWREVDKXSRStSDGþHWQRVWStVWXSXNQPX
8X]DYHQêFKWYDU$RGSRYtGiKUDQLFHGRVWXSQRVWLPRåQpPXSRXåLWtUXN\MDNRQiVWURMH
SURPDQLSXODFLVREVDKHP8PHQãtFKSU$PU$E\ORQXWQRSRXåtWMLQêQiVWURMQDS
OåtFLQHERSRX]HWHNXWLQ\SHOpYDW
4.4.3. Objem nádob
3DWUQQHMOHSãtXåLWNRYRXPtURXQiGREE\E\OMHMLFKREMHP-HKRStPpPHQtMH
PRåQpMHQSURFHOpQHERGRSOQQpQiGRE\7RE\ORSURYHGHQRSURRPH]HQêSRþHW
E\ODQVNêFKQiGRE]QLFKåNDåGiE\ODY\V\SiQDYKRGQêPPDWHULiOHPDMHKRREMHP
SRWRPPHQYNDOLEURYDQpRGPUFH'UXKRXPRåQRVWtMHYHSVDWGRYQLWQtKRSURILOX
QiGRE\NUXåQLFLDVSRþtWDWREMHPNRXOHRVWHMQpPSRORPUX2GQKRVHPXVtSRWRP
RGHþtVWNXORYi~VHþNWHUiSHVDKXMHWYDUQiGRE\QDGRNUDMHPSRStSDGSRGHGQHP
7DWRPHWRGDMHPpQSHVQiQHER"YHSVDQiNRXOHQHY\VWLKXMHYåG\SHVQHPSLULFNê
WYDU9WãtRGFK\ON\MVRX]HMPpQDXPLVHNDODKYt2GSRþHWNXORYp~VHþHSRGHGQHP
MHQNG\WDNpMHQSLEOLåQê
.RQWUROQtNRUHODFHREMHP$FHOêFKQiGREPHQêFKREPDPHWRGDPLXNi]DODåHRE
KRGQRW\YHOPLVLOQNRUHOXMt5 31 2EMHPE\OSLWRP
SRþtWiQEH]RGHþWHQtVSRGQt~VHþH2EUDNG\åVHXNi]DORåHKRUQtDGROQt
~VHþHVSROXQHNRUHOXMt5 31 0HWRGDYêSRþWXREMHPXE\OD
SRXåLWDLSURRGKDGREMHPXQiGRE]H]ORPN$RNUDM$FRåYê]QDPQUR]PQRåLOR
GRVWXSQiGDWD.UXåQLFHE\ODYHSLVRYiQDãDEORQRXD]DKUQXW\PHQpKRGQRW\
MHVWOLåHYQLWQtREORXNVWHSXSHVDKRYDOREYRGXWpWRNUXåQLFH7RXPRåQLOR
YHOLNRVWQtUR]GOHQtSRGWtGVNORQXRNUDMHLSRGOHDSUR[LPRYDQpKRREMHPXREU
4.4.3.a.).
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtREMHPXMHGQRWOLYêFKSRGWtGVNORQXRNUDMHMHYWãLQRXGRVWL
DV\PHWULFNp3HVWRE\O\]DRNURXKOHQpKRGQRW\NYDUWLO$UR]GOHQtRSWSRXåLW\MDNR
KUDQLFHSRGWtGPDOiVWHGQtYHONiQiGRED2GSRVOHGQtKRNYDUWLOXE\ODMHãW
RGGOHQDVNXSLQDYHOPLYHONpQHER"MHGQRWOLYpStSDG\UR]GOHQtVHVRXVWHXMtX
QLåãtFKKRGQRWDMVRXYHOPLUR]SWêOHQ\XY\ããtFKKRGQRW3URNDåGRXSRGWtGXVNORQX
MHWDNWRGHILQRYiQRMLQpY\PH]HQtYHOLNRVWQtFKVNXSLQ1iGRE\YNDåGpSRGWtGMVRX
YSU$PUX[[REMHPQMãtQHåYSHGFKi]HMtFt
9]WDKREMHPXDGYRXSHGFKi]HMtFtFKPUYHOLNRVWLSRStSDGWYDUXO]HY\MiGLW
MHMLFKY]iMHPQRXNRUHODFt2EMHPDSU$PU~VWtRNUDMHVSROXGREHNRUHOXMt5
0.637, P < 0.001, N = 9786), zatímco objem a sklon nikoliv (R = -0.206, P < 0.001, N
5RYQåVNORQDSU$PU~VWtVSROXNRUHOXMtYHOPLPiOR5 3
1 =WRKRWRSHKOHGXY\SOêYiåHREMHPDSU$PU~VWtQiGRE\MVRXY]iMHPQ
]DPQLWHOQpPtU\YHOLNRVWLQiGRE\DStSDGQpNODVLILNDFHQDQLFK]DORåHQpVHEXGRX
VYêPLQIRUPDþQtPREVDKHPY]iMHPQGRSORYDW9\MiGHQtREMHPXQD]iNODG
]ORPN$MHPRåQRGiOHY]KOHGHPNSRXåLWpPHWRGSRYDåRYDW]HPpQSHVQpQHå
PHQtSU$PU$RNUDM$
.RPELQDFtWtGSRGOHVNORQXDREMHPXY]QLNiMHGQD]PRåQêFKNODVLILNDFtQiGRE
SRGOHWYDUXDYHOLNRVWL=XYHGHQêFKG$YRG$MHSRYDåRYiQDMHQ]DDOWHUQDWLYQtD
REMHPRYpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\MVRXSRXåtYiQ\MHQSURLOXVWUDFLRFHONRYpYHOLNRVWLWYDU$
NWHUiGREHY\VWLKXMHQDãHSHGVWDY\RQiGREiFKVURYQtåHNDS
82
3XSN\XFKDYêþQON\
9ãHFKQ\YêþQON\MVRXSRYDåRYiQ\]DYê]QDPQRXVORåNXWYDU$MHMLFK~ORKRXE\OR
SHGHYãtPXVQDGQLWXFKRSHQtDSHQiãHQtQiGRE9FHOpPE\ODQVNpPVRXERUXQHMVRX
StOLãSRþHWQpSHVWRåHYQiOH]HFKVHLGHQWLILNXMtYHOPLGREH3XSN$MHFHONHP
YãHFKQiOH]$XFKVHQDãORGRKURPDG\-HQYSWLStSDGHFKVH
RENDWHJRULHSHNUêYDMtMHGQiVHYHVPVRODKYRYLWpWYDU\DOHQiOH]\QHMVRX
MHGQR]QDþQGRORåHQ\QDVOHSHQêFKþiVWHFKDMHQXWQRNRPELQDFLRERXQDMHGQp
QiGRESLMtPDWVUH]HUYRX%<94: 205350, 293:231652, 451: 219987, 717:245348,
815: 257174). 9]KOHGHPNMHMLFKYtFHPpQVKRGQpIXQNFLMHPRåQRSRVX]RYDWMHMLFK
výskyt vcelku.
9VRXERUX]ORPN$XQLFKåO]HXUþLWWYDUQiGRE\MHSDWUQêQt]NêSRþHWSXSN$DXFK
YHVURYQiQtVH]ORPN\EH]WFKWR]Dt]HQt7HVWQH]iYLVORVWLKRGQRWYWDEXOFHQHQt
VWDWLVWLFN\StOLãYê]QDPQêFKT GI S =tVNDQpKRGQRW\O]H
Y]WDKRYDWVStãHNSRGtOXWFKWR]Dt]HQtYVtGHOQtPRGSDGXQHåNMHMLFKVNXWHþQpPX
YêVN\WX8ND]XMtQDVNXWHþQRVWåHQDVWHMQpQiGREEXGH]HMPSUDYGSRGREQRVW
XORåHQtVWHSXVSXSNHPGRRGSDGXSRGVWDWQQLåãtQHåVWHSXEH]SXSNXWDE
4.4.4.A.).
8YQLWIXQNþQtFKWtG6+$6,GHILQLFLYL]QtåHYNDSMVRXQiGRE\VSXSN\D
XFK\UR]ORåHQ\QHURYQRPUQDW\WRUR]GtO\MVRXVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT GI S 6NRURGYWHWLQ\SXSN$VHQDFKi]HMtQDWYDUHFKDD
GDOãtSRWRPQDWYDUHFKDD/]HWHG\tFLåHYWãLQDSXSN$VH
QDFKi]tQDSRORNXORYLWêFKWYDUHFKQDRVWDWQtFKMHDVLYãHFKSXSN$7DE%
9UiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKQiGREVSXSN\PiQHMYWãtSRGtOWYDUDWYDU
%). Na tvarech 8 a 11 je to po 7 % a na tvaru 9 6 %. Na ostatních tvarech se pupky
Y\VN\WXMtYPpQQHåQHMPpQQDRWHYHQêFKPLVNiFKSRGWDE%
6NRURWLþWYUWLQ\XFKVHQDFKi]HMtQDWYDUHFKVKUGOHPDD1D
U$]QêFKSRORNXORYLWêFKWYDUHFKVHQDãORXFKRVWDWQtQDPLVNiFK
Rozdíly mezi jednotlivými tvary jsou také statisticky významné (chq = 424.16, d.f. =
S 3RGtOXFKSRþtWiQRYUiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKWYDU$MHSLWRPSRGVWDWQ
QLåãt-HQODKYRYLWêFKWYDU$PiXFKD]RVWDWQtFKWYDU$PpQQHåMH
RSDWHQRXFK\WDE&
9êVN\WXFKQDIXQNþQtFKW\SHFK6+$6,
9þDVRYpSRVORXSQRVWLE\ODQVNêFKIi]tVHQiGRE\VSXSN\QHERXFK\FKRYDMt
REGREQ9WãtSRþHWQiGREPiW\WRSUYN\MHQYHVWDUãtFKIi]tFKSLþHPåVHSURMHYXMH
NOHVDMtFtWUHQGNG\åYSUYQtFKRVPLIi]tFKMHRNRORSXSN$DYH]EêYDMtFtFK
RNROR±3RGtOQiGREVXFK\NROtViYHVWDUãtFKIi]tFKPH]L±SR]GML
klesá pod 2 % (tab. 4.4.4.D., tab. 4.4.4.E.)
4.4.5. Podstavy nádob
-LåYNODVLILNDFL%<E\ODYQRYiQDSR]RUQRVWU$]QêPWYDU$PSRGVWDY\QiGRE
(Soudský 1967DYãDNEH]NRQVHNYHQFtSURVtGOLãWQtFKURQRORJLL3$YRGQtSHGVWDY\R
SURJUHVLYQtPYêYRMLPpQGRNRQDOêFKWYDU$REOpSRGVWDY\NGRNRQDOHMãtPSORFKêP
WYDU$PPXVHO\EêWSRUR]SR]QiQtQHMVWDUãtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\RSXãWQ\.YDQWLILNDFH
E\ODQVNêFKQiOH]$SRWYU]XMHRSDþQêWUHQGQDU$VWiQtSRGtOXREOêFKSRGVWDYYSU$EKX
celého vývoje.
83
)RUPiOQE\O\RGOLãHQ\REOpWYDU\VSRGQtþiVWLQiGRERG]SORãWOêFK1D]ORPNRYpP
PDWHULiOXMHYãDNG$OHåLWMãtPNULWHULHPIRUPDKUDQ\QDSHFKRGXRGVWQ\NSRGVWDY
9HGOHSO\QXOpKRSHFKRGXR]QDþHQpKRMDNRREOiSRGVWDYDH[LVWXMHYOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLFHDGDYDULDQW]QLFKåQHMþDVWMãtMHYtFHQHERPpQ]DREOHQiKUDQD0pQ
þDVWpMVRXYDULDQW\YêUD]QRVWUpKUDQ\QHERU$]QpGUXK\IRUPRYiQtWpWRSHFKRGQp
þiVWLVWQ\QiGRE%\O\UR]OLãRYiQ\SHGHYãtPNRQNiYQtSRGVWDY\W\SLFNpSUR
QNWHUpWYDU\MHPQpNHUDPLN\DGYIRUP\RGVD]HQtSO\QXOpDWYDURYDQp3RVOHGQ
MPHQRYDQiIRUPDMHGRVWLYêMLPHþQiY\VN\WQHVHVStãHQDKUXEêFKQiGREiFKDWR
QHMHQYQHMVWDUãtPREGREtQDStNODGBY 376: 225322, 439:219697, nebo 2151:
2776459\WYitGRMHPVStãHQHXPOH]KRWRYHQpKRWYDUXQHå]iPUQpKRIRUPRYiQt
podstavy.
9SRVORXSQRVWLE\ODQVNêFKIi]tMHSDWUQpQDU$VWiQtREOêFKSRGVWDYDNOHVDMtFtSRGtO
SORFKêFKVREORXKUDQRX9êMLPNDYIi]LP$åHEêW]S$VREHQDEXWRãSDWQRX
UR]OLãLWHOQRVWtWFKWRNDWHJRULtQHERLV\VWpPRYêPUR]GtOHP.H]SORãWQtSRGVWDY\
PRKORGRMtWWDNpQH~P\VOQSLVXãHQtQHY\SiOHQêFKQiGRE9êVN\WRVWDWQtFKGUXK$
KUDQQHSUDYLGHOQNROtViDGRVDKXMHYFHONRYpPVRXþWXMHQMHGQRWOLYêFKSURFHQWWDE
4.4.5.A.).
3RGVWDY\DQRåN\
=YOiãWQtPGUXKHPIRUPRYiQtSRGVWDY\MHPRåQRSRYDåRYDWVDPRVWDWQpSUVWHQFRYp
QRåN\NWHUpQHMVRXYþHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHStOLãþDVWp6RXVWHXMtVHYêKUDGQQD
MHPQpP]ERåt1t]NpSUVWHQFHQDRNUDMLSRGVWDYKUXEêFKQiGRENWHUpMVRXþDVWpYH
VWDURQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFKQD%DONiQDY.DUSDWVNpNRWOLQQHMVRXDQLYQHMVWDUãt
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH]%\ODQGRORåHQ\1iGRE\QDQRåNiFKMVRXUHODWLYQQHMSRþHWQMãt
YHIi]LDOHMHGQRWOLYpStSDG\VHY\VN\WQRXLYSR]GMãtPYêYRML
2GSUVWHQFRYêFKQRåHNO]HRGOLãLWVDPRVWDWQIRUPRYDQpQRåN\NWHUpMVRXSUR
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLNXSDWUQYtFHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNp=DWtPFRSUVWHQFRYpQRåN\MVRXW\SLFNp
SURKOXERNpPLVN\VDPRVWDWQIRUPRYDQpQRåN\MVRXVSRMRYiQ\VHãLURNêPL
PONêPLPLVNDPLQDSBYA1: =%\ODQQHMVRXGRORåHQ\QRåN\YH
VSRMHQtVERPERYLWêPLWYDU\QiGRE9VtGHOQtPRGSDGXMVRXYãDNYiOFRYLWpQRåN\
PiORGRFKRYiQ\VStãHVHQDMGRXMHQMHMLFKþiVWLNWHUpQHMVRX]DKUQRYiQ\GR
NDWHJRULH]ORPN$VXUþLWHOQêPWYDUHP%XGRXSRMHGQiQ\QtåHVSROXVQiOH]\SODVWLND
jiných izolovaných forem (viz Appendix 1).
0DWHULiODRVWLYR
.ODVLILNDFHPDWHULiOXE\ODGRVXGQDE\ODQVNêFKQiOH]HFKSURYiGQDMHQSRGOH
makroskopických kriterií a byly rozlišovány jen velmi hrubé kategorie. S ohledem na
DEVHQFLPLNURVNRSLFNêFKDQDOê]NWHUpE\SHVQMLVWDQRYLO\KUDQLFHPH]LWPLWR
NDWHJRULHPLMHQXWQR]GHXYiGQpYêVOHGN\SLMtPDWMHQMDNRSUR]DWtPQt=YROHQi
kriteria vycházela spíše z praktických zkušeností s keramickými nálezy a z
empirického pohledu na strukturu i texturu materiálu. Dokud nebudou provedeny
RGSRYtGDMtFtDQDOê]\QHO]HDQLXUþLWVWXSHVSROHKOLYRVWLWpWRNODVLILNDFH3UYQtSRNXV
NWHUêE\OYWRPWRVPUXXþLQQE\O]DORåHQQDQH]iYLVOpNODVLILNDFLRVWLYDD
SRNXVQêFKYêSDOHFKPDWHULiO$Franklin 1998).
3RGOHSHGSRNOiGDQp~SUDY\KOtQ\MHãWSHGIi]tY\WYiHQtQiGREE\O\UR]OLãHQ\GY
KODYQtNDWHJRULHSODYHQpDQHSODYHQpKOtQ\3ODYHQiVHY\]QDþXMHGRVWDWHþQRX
KRPRJHQLWRXNWHUiPRKODEêWGRVDåHQDLSLUR]HQRXFHVWRXEH]YGRPpKR]iVDKX
YêUREF$WHEDY\SODYHQtPMHPQMãtKOtQ\SRGHãWL9WãLQRXVHYãDNMHGQDORR
84
]iPUQRXKRPRJHQL]DFLSRMLYDDVORXåLORNYêUREMHPQpNHUDPLN\2VWLYDE\OD
UR]OLãRYiQDSRGOHGUXK$DSRGOHYHOLNRVWLþiVWLF3URMHKRFKDUDNWHULVWLNXMVRX]GH
VKUQXW\S$YRGQSRXåtYDQpWtG\(Soudský 1967) GRWtKODYQtFKNDWHJRULtEH]
RVWLYDVRUJDQLFNêPRVWLYHPVQHRUJDQLFNêPRVWLYHPDMLQp6NXSLQDEH]RVWLYD
]DKUQXMHSHGHYãtPMHPQSODYHQêPDWHULiOFRå]FHODQHY\OXþXMHGDOãtStPVLDOH
PXVHO\E\EêWWDNMHPQpDURYQåKRPRJHQL]RYDQpåHQHMVRXPDNURVNRSLFN\
UR]OLãLWHOQp3U$QLNHPNDWHJRULt~SUDY\KOtQ\DRVWLYDY]QLNiMHGQRGXFKi
paradigmatická klasifikace materiálu MATE (MAterial x TEmpering).
2UJDQLFNpRVWLYR]DKUQXMHYE\ODQVNpPStSDGQMDNêP]S$VREHPGUFHQRXVOiPX
SRStSDGSLUR]HQpRUJDQLFNpQHþLVWRW\YKOtQ5RVWOLQQpGUXK\QHE\O\]DWtP
DQDO\]RYiQ\7DNp]S$VREStSUDY\RVWLYDMH]QiPMHQK\SRWHWLFN\(WQRJUDILFN\
GRORåHQpStSDG\QHY\OXþXMtåHVHURVWOLQQpRVWLYRPRKORGRVWDWGRPDWHULiOX
GUXKRWQMDNRVRXþiVWMLQêFKRUJDQLFNêFKPDWHULiO$SHGHYãtPSWDþtKRDNUDYVNpKR
trusu.
1HRUJDQLFNpRVWLYR]DKUQXMHVRXþiVWN\StVþLWpDãWUNRYpIUDNFHU$]QêFKKRUQLQ-H
PDNURVNRSLFN\YWãLQRXGREHUR]SR]QDWHOQpDP$åHEêWLMHGQRGXãHNYDQWLILNRYiQR
7DNpYWRPWRVPUXQHE\O\SURYiGQ\åiGQpSRGUREQMãtSHWURJUDILFNpDQDOê]\
,GHQWLILNRYDWHOQpMVRXSHGHYãtPPtVWQtPDWHULiO\]HMPpQDU$]QpW\S\UXONWHUpE\O\
YKRGQpSHGHYãtPSURY\VRNêREVDKVOtGRYêFKþiVWt9WãLQD]QLFKE\ODNGLVSR]LFLY
QHMEOLåãtPRNROtDW\WRKRUQLQ\E\O\]tVNiYiQ\WDNpSURYêUREXNDPHQQêFKPOêQ$
0H]LQLPLGRPLQXMtPLJPDWLWL]RYDQiUXODGYRMVOtGQiUXODDELRWLWLWVNiUXOD9Wãt
NXV\NHPHQHPRKO\EêWGRPDWHULiOXYQHVHQ\GUXKRWQ]PLJPDWLWL]RYDQêFKUXOWDE
4.4.7.A.).
&KURQRORJLFNêWUHQGQHQtXSRMLYDStOLãYêUD]Qê9FHOpPYêYRMLRE\WQpKRDUHiOX
NROtViYêVN\WSODYHQpKRDQHSODYHQpKRPDWHULiOXRNRORWHSUYHY]iYUHþQêFK
Ii]tFKYêYRMHGRVDKXMHQHSODYHQêPDWHULiODå2UJDQLFNpRVWLYRNWHUpY
QHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFKSHYOiGiPiVHVWXSQRXWHQGHQFLDåGRRSWLPDVWHGQtKR
VWXSQÒPUQVWtPQDU$VWiSRGtOQHRUJDQLFN\RVWHQpKRPDWHULiOXNWHUêMLåRG
SRþiWNXPODGãtKRVWXSQGRVDKXMH
9MHGQRWOLYêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKVHWDNpPQtUHODWLYQtSRGtOMHGQRWOLYêFK0$7(
WtG9QHMVWDUãtP~VHNXIi]HSHYOiGiWtGDNWHUiSHGVWDYXMHQHSODYHQê
PDWHULiOVRUJDQLFNRXStPVtW\SLFNêSURVWDUROLQHiUQtKUXEp]ERåt9~VHFtFK
VWHGQtKRVWXSQYHIi]tFKDMHPD[LPXPYHWtGNWHUiREVDKXMHPDWHULiO
SODYHQêEH]KUXEãtFKStPVt-HWRVNXSLQDW\SLFNpKROLQHiUQtKRPDWHULiOXMHPQp
]GREHQpNHUDPLN\3RþtQDMHRGIi]HLYHYãHFKQiVOHGXMtFtFK~VHFtFKVHPD[LPXP
PDWHULiOXXVWiOLORYNDWHJRULLQHSODYHQpKR]ERåtVDQRUJDQLFNRXStPVt-HWR
W\SLFNpPODGROLQHiUQt]ERåtKUXEpLMHPQpNHUDPLN\=KOHGLVNDNHUDPLFNp
WHFKQRORJLHO]HQDE\ODQVNpPVtGOLãWLUR]OLãLWWLWUDGLFHQHMVWDUãtSHFKRGQRX
(klasickou) a mladší (tab. 4.4.7.B).
4.5. ,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLNRPSOH[X
(WQRJUDILFN\RYRYDQpNODVLILNDFH
$UFKHRORJLFN\GHILQRYDQRXNODVLILNDFLMHPRåQRYQNWHUêFKStSDGHFKNRQWURORYDW
HWQRJUDILFN\GRNXPHQWRYDQêPLDUWHIDNW\1iOH]\]tVNDQpSLVWDYEGiONRYpKR
YHGHQt1DYDMR3URMHFWYVHYHUQt$UL]RQE\O\XWtGQ\SRGOHSU$PUXDWYDUX
RNUDM$DSRWRPE\O\]MLãWQpPHWULFNpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\SRURYQiQ\VHWQRJUDILFN\
dokumentovanou funkcí nádob v oblastech Pima, Yuma a Pueblo v západní a severní
85
$UL]RQ(Braun 1980,NG\åWtG\GHILQRYDQpSURWYDU\RNUDM$QHE\O\]HMPStVQ
GLVMXQNWQtSURMHYLO\VH]GHXUþLWpYãHREHFQpWHQGHQFHNWHUpSHVDKXMtUiPHF
NRQNUpWQtNXOWXUQtVLWXDFHYWpWRREODVWLDGREWDE$
3RGREQpDQDOê]\MVRX]DORåHQ\QDSHGSRNODGXåHIRUPiOQtDWHFKQRORJLFNp
FKDUDNWHULVWLN\QiGRERGSRYtGDMtEH]SURVWHGQMHMLFKSRXåLWt9MLQpVWXGLLE\OR
SRXåLWRWFKWRRVP]QDN$UHODWLYQtGRVWXSQRVWREVDKXSU$PURNUDMHREMHPQiGRE\
VWRS\SRRSiOHQtQDGStPêPRKQPDQDGXKOtN\WåLãWSRGVWDYDDSURWDåHQt
WYDUX3RPRFtGLVNULPLQDþQtDQDOê]\GDWE\ORPRåQRRGGOLWRVPVSHFLILFNêFKIXQNFt
VNODGRYiQtVXFKêFKPDWHULiO$VNODGRYiQtDSHQiãHQtWHNXWêFKPDWHULiO$YDHQt
mytí, servírování a zpracování potravy a individuální stravování (Smith 1985: 303).
)XQNFHQiGREE\O\QD]iNODGDG\GDOãtFKHWQRJUDILFNêFKVWXGLt]REHFQQ\SRGOH
WFKWRNULWHULtVNODGRYiQtMDNGORXKR]SUDFRYiQtSRGOHGUXKXDSHQiãHQtSRGOH
Y]GiOHQRVWLâHVWKODYQtFKRNUXK$SRXåLWtNHUDPLFNêFKQiGRESRNUêYiFHORXREODVW
MHMLFK~þLQNRYiQtYV\VWpPXREåLY\-VRXWRNUiWNRGREpDGORXKRGREpXNOiGiQt
]SUDFRYiQtQDRKQLD]DVWXGHQDDWUDQVSRUWQDGORXKpDNUiWNpY]GiOHQRVWLYþHWQ
servírování potravy (Rice 1987: 208).
3URSRWHE\DQDOê]\E\ODQVNêFKQHROLWLFNêFKQiGREPRKRXQNWHUpREHFQpSR]QDWN\
SRVORXåLWMDNRDQDORJLHFHOpKRIXQNþQtKRV\VWpPX3HGHYãtPMHYREODVWLMLKR]iSDGX
86$QiSDGQp]iNODGQtVORåHQtWYDU$]PLVHNSRORNXORYLWêFKQiGREDODKYt3RGtOD
]HMPLPtVWQtYê]QDPWYDU$MVRXYRERXNXOWXUQDKLVWRULFN\]FHODRGGOHQêFK
REODVWHFKUR]GtOQp3HYDåXMtWDPQiGRE\VKUGOHPFRåSRGOHPtVWQtFKSRGPtQHN
RGSRYtGiYê]QDPXPDQLSXODFHVYRGRXYHãSDQOVNpREODVWLROODQHER
GORXKRGREpPXVNODGRYiQt3RORNXORYLWpWYDU\QHMVRXStOLãþDVWp]DWRMVRX
MHGQR]QDþQSRXåtYiQ\SURXFKRYiQtV\SNêFKPDWHULiO$FRåVHRGUiåtYMHMLFKQi]YX
VHHGMDUYPH[LFNpREODVWLWHFRPDWH0LVN\O]HSRYDåRYDW]DXQLYHUViOQt
NHUDPLFNêWYDUNWHUêVYêP]iNODGQtPSRXåLWtPSHVDKXMHKUDQLFHþDVXDPtVWD
%H]SHþQRVWDGRVWXSQRVWREVDKXIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH6+$6,
7YDUDYHOLNRVWRNUDMHMVRXSRYDåRYiQ\]DGY]iNODGQtPtU\XåLWNRYêFKYODVWQRVWt
QiGRE\MDNRMVRXVWXSH]DEH]SHþHQtREVDKXSURWLY\OLWtQHERY\V\SiQtEKHP
PDQLSXODFHDþHWQRVWStVWXSXNREVDKX=DEH]SHþHQtREVDKXMHPLWHOQpXQiGRE
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVNORQHPRNUDMHDGRVWXSQRVWMHMLFKREVDKXMHPLWHOQi
SU$PUHP~VWtVURYYêãHNDSD9ê]QDPWFKWRPUVWRXSiVPRåQRVWt
MHMLFKPHQtQHMHQQDFHOêFKQiGREiFKDOHLQD]ORPFtFKRNUDM$FRåMHG$OHåLWp
zejména pro archeologické aplikace (Braun 1980: 1DGUXKpVWUDQVWRXSi
LQIRUPDWLYQtYê]QDPRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$MHMLFKåNRPSOH[QtSXEOLNDFHMHSURWHQWR
~þHOSHGQRVWQtPSRåDGDYNHPVURYMilisauskas 1986: 13).
3U$QLNHPSRGWtGWFKWRPUMDNE\O\VWDQRYHQ\QD]iNODGVWDWLVWLFNpKRUR]GOHQtY
E\ODQVNêFKQiOH]HFKE\ODY\WYRHQDSDUDGLJPDWLFNiNODVLILNDFH6+$6, 6+$SH[
6,]H2EVDKXMHþWUQiFWNDWHJRULtWYDU$]QLFKåVHãHVWY]WDKXMHNPDOêPDYHONêP
PLVNiPãHVWNPDOêPDYHONêPSRORNXORYLWêPQiGREiPDGYNQiGREiPVKUGOHP
REUD,-6WDODVHYêFKR]tNODVLILNDFtSURVWXGLXPIXQNþQRVWLQiGREQD
bylanském sídlišti.
4.5.3. Kapacita nádob (alternativní klasifikace SHAVO)
3U$QLNHPSRGWtGWYDUXRNUDMHDREMHPXQiGREMHPRåQRGHILQRYDWSRGREQRX
NODVLILNDFL6+$92 6+$SH[92OXPHNWHUiREVDKXMHNDWHJRULt3URNDåGRX
SRGWtGXWYDUXRNUDMHE\O\GHILQRYiQ\þW\LSRGWtG\YHOLNRVWLYL]YêãH'RVXG
86
GHILQRYDQpNODVLILNDFHWYDU$%<6+$6,D6+$92E\O\Y]iMHPQSRURYQiQ\D
XNi]DORVHåHYêVN\WMHGQRWOLYêFKNDWHJRULt6+$92D6+$6,VHYHOPLGREH
SHNUêYi=WRKRO]HVRXGLWåHLQIRUPDþQtREVDKRERXNODVLILNDFtMHYtFHPpQ
VKRGQêDSURWRE\ODNODVLILNDFH6+$92R]QDþHQDMDNRDOWHUQDWLYQtNHNODVLILNDFL
6+$6,'DOãtDQDOê]\E\O\SRGVWRXSHQ\MLåMHQVNODVLILNDFt6+$6,
9]WDKRERXXYHGHQêFKV\VWpP$NKLVWRULFN\VWDUãtNODVLILNDFLWYDU$%<QHE\OMLå
WDNMHGQR]QDþQêDMHGQRWOLYpNDWHJRULHVHYtFHSHNUêYDO\-HWRSDWUQ]S$VREHQR
YWãtPSRGtOHPVXEMHNWLYQtKRSUYNXSLDSOLNDFLNODVLILNDFH%<YGDWHFKNG\VNORQ
RNUDMHQHE\OSHPRYiQ7RVLYQNWHUêFKStSDGHFKY\åiGDORLUHYL]LS$YRGQtFK
GDW$E\]$VWDOD]DFKRYiQD]iNODGQtLQIRUPDFHRREMHPHFKWYDU$E\O\Y\þtVOHQ\
SU$PUQpYHOLNRVWLYHþWUQiFWLWYDUHFK6+$6,7DE$5R]SWtREMHPXMHYãDN
PQRKHPYWãtDSRK\EXMHVHRGFP3 (malá miska: 2159: 278289, BYBF: 275) do 87
OLWU$YHONiODKYRYLWi]iVREQLFH, BYBF: 262) (tab. 4.5.3.A.).
9HOLNRVWDWYDUQiGREMDNRLQGH[þLQQRVWtYGRP
.ODVLILNDFH6+$6,DDOWHUQDWLYQLNODVLILNDFH6+$92MVRX]DORåHQ\QDIXQNþQ
Yê]QDPQêFKFKDUDNWHULVWLNiFKQiGRE3URWRåHQHPiPHSURVWHGRHYURSVNêQHROLWMLQi
QHåDUFKHRORJLFNiGDWDMHPRåQRIXQNþQtFKRYiQtWYDU$RGYR]RYDWMHQRGMHMLFK
VHVNXSRYiQtYU$]QêFKNRQWH[WHFK/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHQiGRE\Y\WYiHO\YNDåGpP
GRPXUþLWêXåLWNRYêVRXERUNWHUêRGSRYtGDOþLQQRVWHP]GHSURYR]RYDQêP9êãH
E\ORXYHGHQRåHDEVROXWQtPQRåVWYtNRUHVSRQGXMHVSRþWHPRE\YDWHO=KOHGLVND
MHMLFKþLQQRVWtO]HVRXGLWåHE\O\Y]iVDGSRGREQpSRNXGLIXQNFHMHGQRWOLYêFK
GRP$E\ODSHYiåQRE\WQi
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87
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hodnot a naopak v mladších komplexech kladných i záporných hodnot.
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4.5.4.a, b).
Dále lze interpretovat velké lahve jako zásobnice pro dlouhodobé skladování zásob, k
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zpracování tekuté stravy.
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88
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v zásobních jamách. Výjimkou je jediná zachovaná keramická zásobnice, která je
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4.7.3).
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SHGSRNOiGDWåH]MLãWQpUHODFH]$VWDQRX]DFKRYiQ\LY souboru celých nádob.
1HMY\ããtSRGtOWFKWR]Dt]HQtY\ND]XMHVDGDQiGREQDYDHQtQHERNUiWNRGREp
skladování potravin (PROC) a po nich sada nádob na manipulaci s vodou (WAPR).
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uchopení nebylo nutno ovazovat.
4.5.6. Stabilita
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ale není v keramickém provedení v lineární keramice znám. Mohl by být z
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89
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4.5.6.a.).
Také v celkové posloupnosti sídlištních fází se stabilita projevuje jinak v nejstarším
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konzumací tohoto druhu potravy, která se v jiných úsecích vývoje neopakovala.
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hlavní chronologické tendenci celého souboru, je druhý faktor interpretován jen jako
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90
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nádoby (obr. 4.5.7.a.).
4.6. ,QIRUPDþQtREVDKIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\D
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4.6.1. Kontinuita funkcí nádob mezi fázemi
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4.6.1.a).
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IXQNþQtVNXSLQDWDNLIi]HVWRMtSRQNXGVWUDQRXRVWDWQtFKSUYN$SURVWRUXFRåE\
PRKORVRXYLVHWVFHONRY]YOiãWQtPSRVWDYHQtP]iYUHþQpIi]HYHYêYRMLVtGOLãW
2GGOHQpSRVWDYHQtVWDUãtFKIi]tNWHUpE\ORSDWUQpMLåYSURVWRUX]iNODGQtFKIRUHP
XND]XMHQD]iVDGQtRGOLãQRVWVWDUãtKR~VHNXYêYRMHE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãW3HGHYãtPYH
VP\VOXRGOLãQpKRKRVSRGDHQtVH]GURMLD]iVREDPLREåLY\ÒORKDVNODGRYiQtSRWUDY\
nejspíše obilí, v keramických zásobnicích koresponduje s absencí zahloubených
]iVREQtFKMDPYWRPWRREGREt-HGQDORVHVStãHR]iVRE\SRWUDY\QHåRELOtSURVHWEXY
QiVOHGXMtFtPURFH3R]GMãtGORXKRGREpVNODGRYiQtVHWE\VRXYLVtVStãHVH]DYHGHQtP
Y\ããtKRSRGtOXMDLQ2YãHP]iURYHVSHFKRGHPQDMDLQ\DMHMLFKVNODGRYiQtY
VLOHFKVQtåLODVHLSRWHEDYHONêFKNHUDPLFNêFK]iVREQLF
4.6.2. Variabilita funkcí nádob mezi komplexy
9WãtIXQNþQtYDULDELOLWDQHåPH]LIi]HPLVHSURMHYXMHPH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLNRPSOH[\
GRP$)XQNþQtVDG\QiGRESRNXGMVRXFKiSiQ\MDNRLQGH[þLQQRVWtMHåE\O\Y
GRPHFKSURYR]RYiQ\Y\WYiHMtSURVWRUSURRGOLãHQtGRP$SRGOHWRKRWRNULWHULD
2GSRYtGDMtFtYDULDELOLWDNRPSOH[$VWDUãtFKIi]tMHGRVWDWHþQY\VYWOHQDQD
WHFKRViFKFHONHPYDULDELOLW\9ê]QDPYãHFKRVMHYWRPWRStSDGGRVWL
SRGREQê9MHMLFKFHQWUXMHYåG\VDGDQiGREQDYRGXDYNUDMQtFKRSR]LFtFKVHVWtGDMt
VDG\QDNRQ]XPDFLSHYQpQHERWHNXWpSRWUDY\StSDGQVSROXVQiGREDPLMHMLFKå
91
XUþHQtE\ORR]QDþHQRMDNRDOWHUQDWLYQt9SUYQtPIDNWRUXMHYê]QDP
PDQLSXODFHVYRGRXSRVtOHQMHãWMHMtPVNODGRYiQtP'UXKêIDNWRUMLå
specifikuje konzumaci tekuté a pevné stravy jako protiklady k manipulaci s vodou a
]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\7HWtIDNWRURGGOXMHNRQ]XPDFLRGVNODGRYiQtSRWUDYLQ
a manipulace s vodou.
9SURVWRUXVSHFLILFNêFKIXQNþQtFKIDNWRU$QDDRVHVHNRPSOH[\UR]GOXMtGR
þW\VNXSLQDVSHYDKRXQiGREQDYRGXD]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\NRPSOH[\GRP$
EVSHYDKRXQiGREQDSHGNOiGiQtWHNXWpL
SHYQpSRWUDY\NRPSOH[\GRP$
FVSHYDKRXQiGREQD]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\NRPSOH[\GRP$
DGVSHYDKRXQiGREQDVNODGRYiQtNRPSOH[\GRP$
0LPRW\WRVNXSLQ\VHQDFKi]tG$PNWHUê
NRUHVSRQGXMHY]GiOHQVHVDGRXQDSHGNOiGiQtSRWUDY\2EUD
.RPSOH[\PODGãtFKIi]tVHYSURVWRUXIXQNþQtFKVDGQiGREFKRYDMtSRQNXGRGOLãQ
První osa (36.8 %) odpovídá osám starších fází, kde je manipulace s vodou hlavní
funkcí. Druhá osa (18.7 %) má v centru nádoby na zpracování potravy a v jednom
extrému zásobní nádoby a v druhém nádoby na konzumaci potravy.
.RPSOH[\Y\WYiHMtYSURVWRUXGYRXQHMVLOQMãtFKIXQNþQtFKIDNWRU$QDDRVH
YDULDELOLW\þW\LVNXSLQ\D±GMHMLFKåRGGOHQtQHQtWDNMHGQR]QDþQpMDNRY
SURVWRUXNRPSOH[$]HVWDUãtFKIi]t
a) 6NXSLQDGRP$VSHYDKRXQiGREQDNRQ]XPDFLWHNXWpQHERSHYQpSRWUDY\
0065, 0079, 0081, 0096, 0165, 0211, 0224, 0225, 0263, 0277, 0278, 0312, 0372,
0426, 0433, 0434, 0580, 0581, 0688, 0740, 0903, 0910, 0926, 0933, 1100, 1144,
1236, 2192, 2196, 9001, 9003,
ENRPSOH[\GRP$VSHYDKRXQiGREQD]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\
0016, 0019, 0080, 0085, 0133, 0149, 0166, 0174, 0245, 0272, 0313, 0361, 0366,
0369, 0558, 0571, 0610, 0619, 0620, 0621, 0682, 0739, 0877, 0912, 0959, 0982,
1111, 1129, 1161, 1192, 1226, 1227, 1240, 1246, 2292,
FNRPSOH[\GRP$VSHYDKRXQiGREQDYRGX
0041, 0132, 0147, 0162, 0362, 0368, 0567, 0677, 0678, 0679, 0681, 0702, 1195,
9002,
DGNRPSOH[\GRP$VSHYDKRXYHONêFK]iVREQLF
0088, 0427, 0999, 1116.
0LPRXYiGQpVNXSLQ\VWRMtNRPSOH[\D7DNpYWRPWRStSDG
VHMHGQiþDVWRRQHGRVWDWHþQGHILQRYDQpVRXERU\QiOH]$
5R]ORåHQtIXQNþQtFKVDGYV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[HFK
5R]OLãHQtVNXSLQNRPSOH[$SRGOHWRKRMDNMHYQLFK]G$UD]QQDWDNWHUi]iNODGQtUROH
NHUDPLN\GRYROXMHSLSVDWNDåGpPX]QLFKXUþLWpYêVDGQtSRVWDYHQtYHVP\VOX
SHYOiGDMtFtKRGUXKXþLQQRVWt1D]iNODGIXQNþQtFKVDGQiGREO]HUR]OLãLWþW\L
WDNRYpWRþLQQRVWL-VRXWRVNODGRYiQtSRWUDY\UR]XPtVHVWHGQDåGORXKRGREpE\OR
]HMPYê]QDPQêPSUREOpPHPYHVWDUãtPREGREtVtGOLãW'iOHPDQLSXODFHVYRGRX
SRGþtPåVHUR]XPtGRQiãHQtYRG\MHMtXFKRYiYiQtVStãHNUiWNRGREpDSRXåLWtN
YDHQtSLWtQHERK\JLHQ
92
7HWtþLQQRVWtMH]SUDFRYiYiQtSRWUDY\NWHUp]DKUQXMHMDNStSUDYXMtGHO]DWHSODWDNL
]DVWXGHQD6WXGLXPPHFKDQLFNêFKVWRSSRStSDGMLQêFKVWRSWpWRþLQQRVWLQHE\ORY
Bylanech zatím aplikováno (srov. Skibo 19923RVOHGQtVNXSLQXWYRtQiGRE\
SRXåtYDQpNHNRQ]XPDFLMtGHOYþHWQMHKRGRQiãHQtDNUiWNRGREpPXVNODGRYiQt
9WãLQXIXQNþQtFKVDGQiGREO]HY]WDKRYDWNMHGQRWOLYF$PQHERLVNXSLQMHGQRWOLYF$
=SUDFRYiQtDNRQ]XPDFHMVRXþLQQRVWLY]iMHPQVHGRSOXMtFtDSRGPLXMtFt
9\VN\WXMtVHSURWRWDNpYMHGQRWOLYêFKGRPHFKMDNRQHMþDVWMãt
6SROHþHQVNiLQWHUDNFHPH]LNRPSOH[\DIi]HPL
2KRGQRFHQtGRP$SRGOHXUþLWpþLQQRVWLMDNVHWRSURMHYXMHYHVORåHQtRGSDGX
QH]QDPHQiDEVHQFLRVWDWQtFKþLQQRVWt-HVStãHG$VOHGNHPLQWHUDNFHRE\YDWHO
MHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$PRåQpVSROXSUiFHGDQpU$]QêPVWXSQPStEX]HQVWYtQHERMDNpVL
VRXVHGVNpGOE\SUiFH9QNWHUêFKStSDGHFKMDNVHGiOHXNiåHVHP$åHMHGQDWR
YHOPLMHGQRGXFKêSURVWRURYêY]WDKNH]GURM$PYRG\YGDQpPStURGQtPSURVWHGt-H
QXWQRQDWRPWRPtVWSLSRPHQRXWåHYãHFKQ\RGYR]RYDQpY]WDK\RGSRYtGDMtYHOPL
JHQHUDOL]RYDQpLQWHUSUHWDFL~þLQNRYiQtQiGREQDVtGOLãWLVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX1HE\OR
PRåQRSRVWLKQRXWåiGQp]PRåQêFK]iPQIXQNFtDQLSRXåLWtNQiKRGQpPX~þHOX
7DNpUHODFHNQiGREiP]MLQêFKPDWHULiO$DSURWRQHGRFKRYDQêPO]HWXãLWMHQ
]SURVWHGNRYDQ
'RP\VH]YêãHQêPSRGtOHPQiGRENHVNODGRYiQtVHY\VN\WXMtþDVWMLYHVWDUãtFK
Ii]tFKQDSRVOHG\YHIi]LG$P9RVWDWQtFKIi]tFKVHY\VN\WXMtQHMYêãHGYD
WDNRYpGRP\YHIi]tFKåiGQê0HQãtSRGtOVNODGRYDFtNHUDPLN\Y
PODGãtFKIi]tFKVRXYLVtQHSRFK\EQVSRXåLWtPMLQêFK]S$VRE$XNOiGiQt
GORXKRGREêFK]iVREMDNRE\ODQDSVLOD3RNXGMHGRORåHQRYMHGQpIi]LYtFHGRP$
SRWRPGRP\VHVNODGRYDFtNHUDPLNRXEêYDMtXPtVWQ\MDNRE\QDRNUDMLVNXSLQ\GRP$
StVOXãQpIi]HREUD
1HMþDVWMãtMVRXGRP\VSHYDKRXNHUDPLN\XUþHQpNHNRQ]XPDFLSRWUDY\Y
mladším období také na zpracování potravy. Ve starším období nádoby na zpracování
SRWUDY\VSOêYDMtVIXQNþQtVDGRXQDYRGX=GiVHåHGRP\VSHYDåXMtFtIXQNFt
]SUDFRYiQtDNRQ]XPDFHMVRXYUiPFLIi]tUR]ORåHQ\QiKRGQ=DWRGRP\VKODYQt
VDGRXQiGREQDYRGXVHQiSDGQUR]NOiGDMtQDRNUDMLRVDG\QHMEOtåHSRWRND7RMH
SLUR]HQpXPtVWQtDYWãtSRþHWQiGREWRKRWRGUXKXMH]HMPSLUR]HQêPG$VOHGNHP
þDVWMãtDVQDGQMãtNRPXQLNDFH]WFKWRGRP$NH]GURM$PYRG\3U$PUQiQHMPHQãt
Y]GiOHQRVWGRP$RGYRG\VSHYDKRXQiGREQDPDQLSXODFLVYRGRXMHSRGVWDWQ
NUDWãtiGRYPQHåWDWiåY]GiOHQRVWGRP$VSHYDKRXQiGREQDVNODGRYiQt
potravy.
4.7. .RQWH[WLGHMtDSHGVWDY
4.7.1. Kognitivní význam proporcí nádob
=DWtPQHE\ODSURSRUFtPQiGREYL]NDSYQRYiQDãLUãtSR]RUQRVWVRKOHGHP
QDRPH]HQRXPRåQRVWSHVQMLMH]MLã"RYDWMHQQDFHOêFKQiGREiFK9HGOHWRKRE\O
YãDNDSUR[LPRYiQREMHPQiGREYHSLVRYiQtPYHUWLNiOQtNUXåQLFHNRNUDMRYêP
]ORPN$P7DWRPtUDWMSRORPUYHSVDQpNUXåQLFHP$åHEêWGRVWDWHþQêPRGKDGHP
WDNpSURSRUFtQiGRE'YRMQiVREQêSRORPUP$åH]DVWRXSLWPD[LPiOQtGLDPHWU
QiGRE\Y\MPDPLVHNXQLFKåO]HNHVWHMQpPX~þHOXSRXåtWSU$PUXRNUDMH9êãNX
QiGRE\O]HRGKDGQRXWRGHþWHQtPYêãN\REORXNXQDGRNUDMHPRGGYRMQiVREQpKR
SRORPUX=GURMHPVXEMHNWLYQtFKFK\EE\ORSHGHYãtPPHQtYHUWLNiOQtKRREORXNX
93
ãDEORQRXNWHUpE\ORSURYiGQRUXþQ9WãtRGFK\ON\PRKRXQDVWDWWDNpYStSDG
KOXERNêFKPLVHNVWpPURYQRXVWQRX$NRQHþQWHWtP]GURMHPFK\EMHQH]QiPê
WYDUGQDQiGRE\NWHUpVHEåQRGFK\OXMHRGREORXNXYHSVDQpNUXåQLFH'RORåHQD
E\OD]QDþQiVKRGDPH]LStPRPHQêPLREMHP\QiGREDWPLNWHUpE\O\Y\SRþWHQ\
YL]NDS7RVYGþtYHSURVSFKGDOãtSRXåLWHOQRVWLSURYHGHQpKRPHQt
REORXNXGRSURILOXYHSVDQpNUXåQLFH
/]HWHG\SHGSRNOiGDWåHSRPUSU$PUXYHSVDQpYHUWLNiOQtNUXåQLFHDY\SRþWHQp
YQLWQtYêãN\MHDSUR[LPDFtVNXWHþQêFKãtNRYêãNRYêFKSURSRUFtQiGRE\7DNWR
]tVNDQiPtUDE\ODSRXåLWDNGHILQLFLSURWRW\S$MHMLFKåNRJQLWLYQtYê]QDPSUR
etnoklasifikaci lze mít za prokázaný (Kempton 1981). Prototypy jsou takové varianty
WYDU$NWHUpMVRXYUiPFLNRQWLQXiOQtFKYHOLþLQ]GHãtNDDYêãNDQMDNêP]S$VREHP
]YêUD]QQ\RSURWLRVWDWQtP3URWRW\S\SHGVWDYXMtXUþLWRXKLHUDUFKL]DFLþOHQ$
VWXGRYDQpNDWHJRULHFRåMHMHYSLUR]HQêSURNRJQLWLYQtNDWHJRUL]DFL(Rosch 1978,
3DYO$).
3URVRXERUQiGREDRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$]%\ODQMHPRåQRNYDQWLILNRYDWMHMLFKYêVN\W
YWDNWRDSUR[LPRYDQêFKWtGiFKãtN\DYêãN\%\ODSRXåLWDVWXSQLFHSRFP
SRGREQMDNRXSU$PUXRNUDM$1iGRE\NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXPDMtWHQGHQFL
VRXVWHRYDWVHRNRORGLDJRQiO\FRå]QDPHQiåHMHMLFKSURSRUFH]$VWiYDO\
]DFKRYiQ\LSL]YWãRYiQtREMHPX8UþLWp]NUHVOHQtSURSRUFtMHGiQRPHWRGRXPHQt
DYHSLVRYiQtNUXåQLFHSLQtåMVRXSURWDåHQMãtWYDU\]MHGQRGXãRYiQ\7DNWRE\O\
Y\þtVOHQ\þHWQRVWLYãHFKNDWHJRULt6+$6,YNDåGpWtGUR]PU$=DSURWRW\S\E\O\
R]QDþHQ\QiOH]\]HWtGYQLFKåþHWQRVWLSHVDKRYDO\SU$PUQêSRþHWMHQåE\
SLSDGDOQDNDåGRXREVD]HQRXWtGXUR]PU$]FHONRYpKRSRþWXNODVLILNRYDQêFK
]ORPN$9WãLQRXE\O\SRþW\GRVWLNRQFHQWURYiQ\YQNROLNDPiORWtGiFKWDNåHYtFH
QHåGYWHWLQ\]ORPN$E\O\]DD]HQ\SRGSURWRW\S\REUDREUE
4.7.2. Úprava okraje
1iGRE\NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVHQHY\OXþXMtYHONRXYDULDELOLWRX]DNRQþRYiQt
VWQ\QDRNUDMLMDNRMHWRPXXMLQêFKNXOWXU2NUDMYWRPWRXåãtPVORYDVP\VOXEêYi
QHMþDVWML]DNRQþHQV\PHWULFNêPREORXNHP9QMãtDYQLWQtVWQDQiGRE\VH
VWHMQRPUQSLEOLåXMtDåWpPNMHMLFKXNRQþHQtQDRNUDML0pQþDVWRVHVWQ\]XåXMt
SR]YROQDDDV\PHWULFN\WDNåHVHYQLWQtVWQDSLRNUDMLSRQNXGUR]HYtUi
&KDUDNWHULVWLFNpMHHVRYLWp]DNRQþHQtRNUDMHNWHUpMHQXWQRRGOLãLWIRUPiOQRG
VDPRVWDWQY\WYRHQpKRKUGOD9êMLPHþQRX~SUDYRXRNUDMH]$VWiYiMHKRURYQp
]SUDYLGODKRUL]RQWiOQtVHt]QXWt0$åHY]QLNQRXWLGUXKRWQêP]DURYQiQtPROiPDQpKR
RNUDMHSRXåLWpQiGRE\9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVHQHY\VN\WXMtDåQDYêMLPN\]HVtOHQp
RNUDMH1NG\EêYDMtUR]OLãRYiQ\LSRGUREQMãtYDULDQW\V\PHWULFNpKRQHER
DV\PHWULFNpKRXNRQþHQt(Gabriel 1979: Anlage 5).
.RPSR]LFHVNXWHþQpDV\PEROLFNpQDYD]RYiQtQiGRE
6W\OLVWLFNiKRGQRWDNDåGpKRYêURENXVH]YWãXMH~PUQGREMDNiE\ODSRWHEQiQD
MHKR]KRWRYHQtDGREMHKRWUYiQtWiessner 1983: ýtPYtFHE\ORSRWHEDþDVX
DU$]QêFKSUDFRYQtFKSRVWXS$QDYêUREXQiVWURMHWtPYWãtVSROHþHQVNiLQIRUPDFH
E\ODGRQKRYORåHQD$WDNpþtPGpOHE\ODUWHIDNWYXåtYiQtWtPYtFHVSROHþHQVNp
LQIRUPDFHPRKO]SURVWHGNRYDW=WRKRWRKOHGLVNDO]H]DVW\OLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQê]QDN
SRYDåRYDWRYD]RYiQtQHERQDYD]RYiQtQiGRENWHUpMHXQiV]QiPp]KLVWRULFNêFK
SUDPHQ$(Štajnochr 19989\åDGRYDORY\QDORåHQtGRGDWHþQpSUiFHDQiGREDWXGtå
SURGODODYtFHYêUREQtFKRSHUDFt
94
.RPSR]LFHWYDU$GDOãtFKStGDYQêFK]Dt]HQtDU$]QêFKGUXK$Yê]GRE\Y\WYit
VW\OLVWLFNpWtG\QiGREMHMLFKåV\PEROLFNRXDLQIRUPDþQt~ORKXO]HVSRMRYDWV
XYHGHQêPSRMPHPRYD]RYiQtQiGRE5R]OLãXMHVHVNXWHþQpRYD]RYiQtNWHUp
GRNOiGDMtSXSN\DRXãNDDOHWDNpWHFKQLFNiYê]GRED3ORãQpSRNU\WtVWQRWLVN\SUVW$
QHERUêKRYiQtPPRKOREêWSRGNODGHPSURGRGDWHþQpWHEDMHGQRUi]RYpRFKUDQQp
RPD]iQtGDOãtYUVWYRXKOtQ\NWHUpFKUiQLORQiGREXSHGStPêPRKQP.OLNDWNRYLWp
Y]RU\W\SLFNpYþHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHVOHGXMtS$YRGQtSURYi]N\YHGHQpPH]L
SXSN\QHERXFK\2GWRKRWRVHRGOLãXMHV\PEROLFNpQiYD]\]DFRåVHGiR]QDþLW
RVWDWQtOLQHiUQtQHERSODVWLFNiYê]GRED6NXWHþQpQDYD]RYiQtQHSRFK\EQSUDNWLFN\
]Y\ãRYDORåLYRWQRVWQiGRE]HMPpQDSLSHQiãHQtDWXGtåSURGOXåRYDORMHMLFK
LQIRUPDþQtS$VREHQt6\PEROLFNpQDYD]RYiQtPORFKUiQLWREVDKLQiGREXVDPRWQRX
SURWLQHMU$]QMãtPGUXK$PSRãNR]HQtDPORNURPWRKRWDNpYODVWQtLQIRUPDþQt
obsah.
1iGRE\VNXWHþQQDYD]RYDQpGRVDKXMtY%\ODQHFKFHONHP1 SRþtWiQR]QiOH]$GDWRYDWHOQêFKGRIi]t.QLPVHDGtYHGOHSXSN$DRXãHNWDNp
WHFKQLFNiYê]GREDSUVWRYiQtDMSURWRåHWDYWãLQRXVOHGXMHUR]PtVWQtSXSN$9
þHVNêFKQiOH]HFKQHY\WYitDåQDYêMLPN\MLQpRUQDPHQW\QHåNOLNDWN\1iGRE\VH
V\PEROLFNêPQDYi]iQtPSHGVWDYXMtXYHGHQpKRVRXERUX6HPSDWtYãHFKQ\
nádoby jak s rytou lineární výzdobou, tak i s plastickou nalepovanou výzdobou. Obojí
Y\VWXSXMtQHMHQYHIRUPNOLNDWHNMHåQDSRGREXMtVNXWHþQpRYD]RYiQtDOHWDNpYH
IRUPMLQêFKRUQDPHQW$1iGRE\EH]QDYi]iQtNWHUpQHPDMtåiGQiGDOãt]Dt]HQtDQL
Yê]GREXGRVDKXMt7RWRþtVORP$åHEêWVRKOHGHPQD]ORPNRYLWRVWSRQNXG
QDGKRGQRFHQRSURWRåHQHO]HY\ORXþLWåHþiVWQH]GREHQêFK]ORPN$SRFKi]t]H
zdobených nádob.
-HGQiVHR]QDNMHKRåYêVN\WE\OYSU$EKXYêYRMHE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWYHOPL
VWDELOL]RYDQê6YGþtRWRPLVNXWHþQRVWåHQHY\ND]XMHYêUD]QMãtUR]GtO\PH]L
VWDUãtPLDPODGãtPLIi]HPL0$åHEêWSURWRSRþtWiQ]DMHGQX]NXOWXUQ
standardizovaných stylistických charakteristik.
4.7.4. Kvalita technologického zpracování a úprava povrchu nádob
5R]KRGXMtFtVW\OLVWLFNRXFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXNDåGpKRDUWHIDNWXMHMHKRFHONRYêYQMãt
Y]KOHG2GSRYtGi~URYQLGRGUåRYiQtXUþLWêFKNXOWXUQSRGPtQQêFKSUDYLGHO
SUDFRYQtKRSRVWXSXD~VLOtMHåE\ORQDMHKRYêUREXY\QDORåHQR7tG\NHUDPLFNpKR
]ERåtE\O\Y%\ODQHFKUR]OLãHQ\SHGHYãtPSRGOHEDUY\VWHS$QDMHMLFKYQMãtL
YQLWQtVWQDQDORPX'QHV]MLã"RYDQiEDUYDSLWRPQHPXVtRGSRYtGDWS$YRGQt
QHER"WDWRVHPQLODMDNEKHPSRXåtYiQtQiGRE]HMPpQDGUXKRWQêPRSDORYiQtPSL
YDHQtQDGRKQPWDNSR]GMLYU$]QêFKSRGPtQNiFKDUFKHRORJL]DFHPDWHULiOX=
WRKRWRG$YRGXQHQtUR]GOHQt]ORPN$GRMHGQRWOLYêFKNDWHJRULt]FHODMHGQR]QDþQp
3$YRGQtSRGUREQMãtNODVLILNDFHPDWHULiOX%<Soudský 1967) je zde shrnuta do
þW\VNXSLQ7DE$%9SUYQtFKGYRXE\PO\EêWUR]OLãHQ\QiGRE\
Y\SDORYDQpSHGHYãtPUHGXNþQ5('8FKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpVStãHãHGRþHUQRXEDUYRX
DR[\GDþQ2;<'VHVYWOHMãtPSHYiåQRNURYêP]DEDUYHQtP9SU$EKXYêYRMH
YNODVLFNpPREGREtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\VHSRGtORERXXGUåXMH]KUXEDQDVWHMQp~URYQL
RNRORVPHQãtPLRGFK\ONDPL-HMLFKEDUY\YãDNQHMVRXXVWiOHQpþDVWRSHFKi]t
MHGQDGRGUXKpFRåVYGþtRWRPåHWHFKQRORJLHY\SDORYiQtQHROLWLFNpNHUDPLN\
QHE\ODMHãWStOLãXVWiOHQDD]KUXEDGYWHWLQ\NHUDPLN\QHE\O\Y\SDORYiQ\YStVQ
NRQWURORYDQpDWPRVIpH=EêYDMtFtWHWLQD]ERåtVHDGtGRGDOãtFKGYRXWtGNWHUpMVRX
VWDQGDUGL]RYDQMãt3UYQtVHR]QDþXMHMDNRDUFKDLFNi$5&+D]DKUQXMHW\SLFNRX
95
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ORPHP67$1'MHKRåSRGtOEKHPYêYRMHPtUQQDU$VWi=DKUQXMHMDNMHPQpWDN
také hrubé nádoby.
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MHMLFKSRWtUiQtMHPQMãtPPDWHULiOHPFRåE\O]HMPSHGVWXSHPODGãtFKSROHY
3UDNWLFNêLV\PEROLFNê~þLQHNQiGRE]Y\ãRYDOROHãWQtMHMLFKSRYUFKXNWHUpVHYãDN
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%\ODQHFKQHQtStOLãþDVWpWDE&'1H]QiPDQHE\OD]HMPDQLYOHã"RYDQi
Yê]GREDDOHWDMHGRORåHQDRSUDYGXY]iFQYREODVWLYêFKRGQtFKýHFKQDKRUQtP
3RODEt-HLFHLQYþ3DYO$9RNROHNObr. 29).
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1iGRE\VKOD]HQêPSRYUFKHPSURãO\VKRGQYHUHGXNþQtPLVWDQGDUGQtP
vypalováním. Standardní vypalování archaického typu se v celém souboru
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FHONRYPpQSRþHWQp$WDNpSURWRåHYêYRMRVtGOHQtY%\ODQHFK]DþDOSR]GML
]KUXEDYHGUXKpSRORYLQQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
/HãWQtSRYUFKXQHQtYFHONRYêFKVRXþWHFKStOLãYêUD]QpWDE%FRå
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VNXWHþQpPXSRGtOXWpWRWHFKQRORJLH9PtVWHFKVOHSãtPLSRGPtQNDPLXORåHQtQiOH]$
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%\ODQHFKDEVHQFHMLQêFK~SUDYSRYUFKXMDNRWHEDþHUYHQêQiWUYQHMVWDUãtPVWXSQL
nebo nalepování organických látek v mladším období. Nádoby s patrným vyhlazením
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hrubá keramika s povrchem upraveným "mokrou rukou" a "polohlazená", kdy byl
SRYUFKMHQ]DKOD]HQREY\NOHQLNROLY]FHODURYQRPUQ
6SROHþHQVNpVNXSLQ\YRGOLãQpPVW\OLVWLFNpPSURMHYX
3URWRW\S\MDNRV\PEROSUHVWLåQtKRSRVWDYHQtRE\YDWHOGRPX
3U$PUQêSRGtOSURWRW\S$YãHFKNDWHJRULt6+$6,YMHGQRPGRPWYRtYãHFK
RNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$=EêYDMtFtþiVWMVRXPpQþDVWpYDULDQW\SURSRUFtQHERH[WUpPQt
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ve srovnání s ostatními tvary je v souhrnu pro fáze dosti jednotný (tab. 4.8.1.A). V
SUYQtFKGHVHWLIi]tFKVHSRK\EXMHQD~URYQLYãHFKWYDU$DVWRXSiYQiVOHGXMtFtFK
Ii]tFKDåQDPD[LPXPYIi]L9QHMPODGãtFKIi]tFKNROtViYQLåãtFK
hodnotách.
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MHGQRWOLYêFKVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t5R]SWtKRGQRWVHPQtSRQHMYtFHPH]L±-HãW
QLåãtMHYIi]LNGHþLQtMHQ9WpWRIi]LGRVDKXMHSRGtOSURWRW\S$YHYãHFK
GRPHFK~URYQ±SRGREQMDNRYSHGFKi]HMtFtFKGYRXIi]tFKYQLFKåMVRX
YãDNKRGQRW\PpQY\URYQDQp3URWRW\S\DMHMLFKSRGtOYFHONRYpPLQYHQWiLO]H
LQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRXUþLWêV\PEROVSROHþHQVNpSUHVWLåHRE\YDWHONDåGpKRGRPXNWHUi
PRKODY\SOêYDWMDN]MHMLFKYNRYpDURGRYpVWUXNWXU\WDNL]StEX]HQVNêFKY]WDK$
9\ããtVSROHþHQVNpSRVWDYHQtGRYRORYDORQHERGRNRQFHLSHGSRNOiGDORSRXåtYiQt
VWDQGDUGL]RYDQêFKW\S$QiGRE9DULDELOLWDSRGtOXSURWRW\S$YV\QFKURQQtFKGRPHFK
96
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Qt]NiNRUHODFHUHODWLYQtFKKRGQRWSURWRW\S$VRGSRYtGDMtFtPLNRHILFLHQW\]UXþQRVWLY
GRPHFKVURYNDS7\WRNRHILFLHQW\MVRXSRGPtQQ\LQGLYLGXiOQtPDQXiOQt
]UXþQRVWtYêUREF$
9HYWãLQIi]tVHY\VN\WXMtGYDDåWLGRP\VPD[LPiOQtPSRGtOHPSURWRW\S$Y
LQYHQWiLQiGRE]DWtPFRYWãLQDRVWDWQtFKGRP$PiKRGQRW\QLåãtREUD
3RX]HYHIi]tFKDåY\ND]XMtYãHFKQ\GRP\Y\VRNpKRGQRW\7\WRIi]HGRVDKXMt
]SRKOHGXVWDQGDUGL]DFHNHUDPLFNpKRLQYHQWiHPLPRiGQp~URYQ3URVWRURYp
UR]PtVWQtGRP$VY\ããtPSURFHQWHPSURWRW\S$QHQtYåiGQpIi]LQLMDNSUDYLGHOQpD
QHGRYROXMH]DWtPStSDGQpVSHNXODFHRStEX]HQVNêFKQHERVWDWXWiUQtFKVHVNXSHQtFK
XYQLWVNXSLQ\VRXþDVQêFKVWDYHE
'RP\VSHYDKRXV\PEROLFN\QDYi]DQêFKQiGRE
9DULDELOLWDVNXWHþQpKRDV\PEROLFNpKRQDYD]RYiQtQiGREYHYêYRMLVtGOLãWMHYHOPL
SRGREQiYDULDELOLWSURWRW\S$0H]LIi]HPLMHYHOPLQt]Ni]DWRVHSURMHYXMHYtFH
PH]LVRXþDVQêPLGRP\XYQLWMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]t6NXWHþQpQDYD]RYiQtPiPtUQ
VHVWXSQRXWHQGHQFLYSU$EKXFHOpKRYêYRMHDNOHVi]HYSUYQtFKIi]tFKDåQD
iGRYYSRVOHGQtIi]LWDE$9êVN\WV\PEROLFNpKRQDYD]RYiQtPi
NROtVDYMãtSU$EKRGYIi]LDåSRYSRVOHGQtIi]L0D[LPDGRVDKXMH
WHQWR]QDNFRåMHYODVWQYêVN\WOLQHiUQDSODVWLFN\]GREHQêFKQiGREYIi]L
9HYWãLQIi]tMHUR]SWtKRGQRWV\PEROLFNpKRQDYD]RYiQtYUR]PH]t±
9êUD]QQLåãtUR]SWtPLQLPiOQtFKDPD[LPiOQtFKKRGQRWO]HSR]RURYDWMHQYDå
19. fázi, kdy klesá na 4 – 11 % (4 % dosahuje v 18. fázi). V této fázi je výskyt
V\PEROLFNpKRQDYD]RYiQtWDNpVWDELOL]RYiQDEOtåtVHYHYãHFKGRPHFKSU$PUX
)i]HMHWHG\YêMLPHþQiMDN]KOHGLVNDSURWRW\S$WDNLQDYD]RYiQtWM]GREHQRVWL
YWRPåH~URYHWFKWR]QDN$MHYHYãHFKGRPHFKYHOPLY\URYQDQi
Podíl symbolického "navazování" nádob v jednotlivých domech nekoresponduje
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postavení domu a jeho obyvatel, je nutno navazování interpretovat v jiných
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WUDQVFHQGHQWiOQtPYOLY$P(Štajnochr 1998: 36)MHPRåQRLSURQHROLWXYDåRYDWRWRP
åH]GREHQRVWMHYêUD]HP~URYQV\PEROLFNpKR]DEH]SHþHQtREVDKX7RWR
V\PEROLFNp]DEH]SHþHQtQiGREKUiORQHSRFK\EQVWHMQYê]QDPQRXUROLMDNR
]DEH]SHþHQtI\]LFNpGDQpWYDUHP~VWtVURY3URWRW\S\DQDYD]RYiQtQiGRE
SHGVWDYXMtWDNGYDU$]QpV\VWpP\VSROHþHQVN\SRGPtQQêFKV\PERO$
4.9. 9\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQtWUDGLFH
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QiGRESRGOHWRKR]GDMHPRåQRMH]DDGLWNSURWRW\S$PQHERNMLQêPWYDU$PQHER
]GDQHMVRXY$EHFNODVLILNRYDWHOQpQHPLWHOQp]ORPN\RNUDM$9êVOHGHNDQDOê]\
XND]XMHWDNpMHGQRGXãHQDSUYQtRVHW\Ii]HYQLFKåSHYDåXMtSURWRW\S\DQDGUXKp
ose fáze, ve kterých prototypy chybí (obr. 4.9.1.a). V prostoru prvního a druhého
IDNWRUXY\VYWOXMtFtFKSOQYDULDELOLWXREVDåHQRXYSURVWRUXSURWRW\S$MHPRåQRIi]H
NODVLILNRYDW]KOHGLVNDSURWRW\S$MDNRDQRQHQHYtVHDYêVOHGNHPMHSRVORXSQRVW
97
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nádob v rámci fází (data odpovídají tab. 4.8.2.A).
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GM$YE\ODQVNpPVtGHOQtPDUHiOXNWHUiE\OD]DORåHQDSHGHYãtPQDG\QDPLFH
YêVN\WXNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$3DYO$285). V postavení jednotlivých fází se
NRQFHQWUXMHGRVDåHQi~URYHYêPQ\LQIRUPDFtPH]LVRXþDVQêPLGRP\6RXERU
QiGRE]QNROLNDV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$Y\VWXSXMHSRWRPMDNRFHOHNMHKRåNYDOLWDWLYQt
VORåHQt]KOHGLVND]YOiã"SHþOLYDSURSRUFLRQiOQ]KRWRYHQêFKWYDU$MHYêVOHGNHP
VSROH"HQVNpLQWHUDNFHQDSR]DGtNRQNUpWQtFKKLVWRULFNêFKGM$
)i]H]DD]HQp]KOHGLVNDSURWRW\S$MDNRQHYtVHRGSRYtGDMtWPNWHUpSHGFKi]HO\
KLiWRVtGOHQt"QHERYHNWHUêFKE\OQRYDUHiORVtGOHQ1DGYRX
REGREQêFK]PQiFKVtGOHQtIi]HDStSDGQDVHYãDNSURVD]XMt
SURWRW\S\DQR7\Y\WYiHMtGYVRXYLVOpDG\Ii]tDåDDåNWHUp
O]HSRNOiGDW]DYHOPLVWDELOQtREGREtRVLGORYiQtDUHiOX-HKRSHGSRNODGHPPRKOREêW
NOLGQpKLVWRULFNpSR]DGtEH]]YUDW$DYWãtFKSRSXODþQtFKWODN$7DWRGYREGREt
representují jádro vývoje bylanského sídelního areálu v období kultury s lineární
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VSROHþHQVWYt
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PRKOREêWQHNOLGQpFKDUDNWHUL]RYDQpQHMLVWRWRXRþHNiYiQt~URG\QHER
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RVtGOHQtVHPRKORSURMHYLWMHKRGORXKRGREpXåtYiQt=E\WN\VWDUãtFKVWDYHED
PQRåVWYtY\NRSDQêFKMDPPRKO\QDWROLN]QHStMHPRYDWSRE\WYDUHiOXåHE\O
QDNRQHFRSXãWQ
.RPSR]LFHMDNR]SUiYDRGSHGFK$GF$
3RVWDYHQtIi]tYMHGQRGXFKpPNRPSR]LþQtPSURVWRUXNWHUêSHGVWDYXMHQDYD]RYiQt
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DQDOê]\GDWDRGSRYtGDMtWDE$OLãtRGMHMLFKSRVWDYHQtYSURVWRUXSURWRW\S$1D
SUYQtRVHMVRX]YêUD]QQ\Ii]HVSHYDKRXQiGREVHV\PEROLFNêPRYi]iQtP]DWtPFR
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SOQY\VYWOXMtYQLWQtYDULDELOLWXO]HIi]HNODVLILNRYDWGRGYRXVNXSLQREUD
které lze rozlišit relativním podílem symbolického ovazování v 31 %. Synchronní
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GDQpPRNDPåLNX7DWR]SUiYDP$åHEêWG$OHåLWiYSRVWXSXMtFtJHQHWLFNpSRVORXSQRVWL
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]YêUD]QQêPQDYD]RYiQtPQiGREMDNVNXWHþQêPWDNLV\PEROLFNêP1LåãtSRGtO
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+LVWRULFNpSR]DGt]DPHQpQDSUDNWLFNpHãHQtRWi]HNXGUåHQtQHROLWLFNpKR
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NWHUpVHREUDFHORYtFHNLQGLYLGXiOQtPSRWHEiP
98
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sídelního areálu.
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4.9.3. Tradice technologického stylu neolitických nádob
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technologického stylu keramiky a její výroby. Vzhledem k velkým shodám
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21) pod ním, díky vyšším hodnotám standardního pálení. Tento vývoj je však zcela
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fázemi 14 – 15 -16 (domy 426-433-245), mezi fázemi 14 - 15 (domy 681-149 a 1195926), dále mezi fázemi 19 – 20 - 21 (domy 96-682-912) a mezi fázemi 19 - 20 (domy
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99
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WYDUX0RKRXYãDNEêWLRYiOQiQHERDV\PHWULFNi*HRPHWULHREU\VRYpNLYN\QiGRE
VOHGXMHREY\NOHNUXåQLFLDOHLMLQpNLYN\QDSHOLSVXRYRLGDSRGREQ)XQNþQt
KOHGLVNRVHXSODWXMHSLRULHQWDFLQiGRENWHUpMVRXSLUR]HQRWHYHQ\Y]K$UX
=YOiãWQtWYDU\QDSSRNOLþN\MVRXRULHQWRYiQ\RSDþQEåQpWYDU\YHYêMLPHþQpP
SRVWDYHQtQDSYKUREHFKPRKRXEêWURYQåSHYUiFHQp
9DULDELOLWDY]iNODGQtJHRPHWULLOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\VHQHSURMHYXMHXYQLWQHROLWLFNêFK
VtGOLã"DMHYHOPLRPH]HQiLYUiPFLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX9WãtUR]GtO\MVRX
SDWUQpDå]DKUDQLFHPLWpWRNXOWXU\QDSXStEX]QpYWYHYêFKRGQtOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLN\7DPVHY\VN\WXMtEåQþW\KUDQQi~VWtRYiOQpWYDU\DSRGNWHUpMVRX]GH
]FHODYêMLPHþQpQHERFK\EtVURYStrobel 1997).
7YDU\þHVNpNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXMHåVHQDFKi]HMtQDORNDOLW%\ODQ\SDWt
WXGtåGRMHGQRWQpNDWHJRULHNXORYLWêFKURWDþQtFKQiGREREUD5HSUHVHQWRYDO\
MHGQRWQêDQHPQQêVW\OSRGREXQNROLNDVHWOHW9HVWUXNWXHWYDU$D]HMPpQDY
NYDQWLWDWLYQtFKSRPUHFKQNWHUêFK]QDN$VHSURMHYRYDO\SRGVWDWQpUR]GtO\PH]L
QHMVWDUãtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX]DVWRXSHQRXYDåIi]LE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWD
NODVLFNRXOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXMDNiY\VWXSXMHYQiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFK%\ODQ3RNUDþXMtFt
NXOWXUQtYêYRMGRNHUDPLN\Y\StFKDQp]WFKWRWUDGLFEH]SURVWHGQY\FKi]tQHQt
však zatím v Bylanech zastoupen. Strukturální rozdíly mezi tvary nejstarší lineární
keramiky a klasického období jsou srovnatelné s rozdíly mezi nejmladší lineární
keramikou a nejstarší vypíchanou. V tomto kontextu je nejstarší lineární keramika na
úrovni samostatné kultury. V Bylanech se tento posun kulturní tradice projevil
PDOêPDOHGRVWDWHþQYêUD]QêPSRVXQHPGRP$YUiPFLRE\WQpKRDUHiOX%<]H
sekce F na sekci B.
100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "...She told me that every design is significant..." (Bunzel 1972: 69).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Výzdoba keramiky
5.0. Úvod
5.0.1. Studium lineárního ornamentu
6WXGLXPYê]GRE\OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\PiVYRMLVWROHWRXWUDGLFLQHER"E\ODRGSRþiWNX
jejím hlavním a jediným taxonomickým znakem (Jenny 19280QRKHPSR]GMLVH
]QDNHPVWHGRHYURSVNpKRQHROLWXVWDO\YHONpN$ORYpVWDYE\MHMLFKåSUR]NRXPDQp
SR]$VWDWN\GQHVþtWDMtQNROLNWLVtFCoudart 1998'RGQHV]$VWiYiVSRMHQtGORXKêFK
GRP$D]GREHQpNHUDPLN\]iNODGQtPSHGPWHPQHROLWLFNêFKVWXGLtRGQKRåVH
RGYtMHMtYãHFKQ\GDOãt~YDK\DLQWHUSUHWDFH=GREHQiNHUDPLNDVORXåtSHGHYãtPN
LGHQWLILNDFLNXOWXUQtFKDUHiO$QDUR]ViKOpP~]HPtSHVDKXMtFtPKUDQLFHQNROLND
VRXGREêFKVWiW$'ORXKpGRP\MVRXYRGtWNHPNSR]QiQtYQLWQtVWUXNWXU\WFKWR
DUHiO$9]KOHGHPNGREUpDUFKHRORJLFNpGRVWXSQRVWLGRP$MHPRåQiMHMLFKUROHY
NXOWXUQtPNRQWH[WXSHFHRYiQDQHERDOHVSRLQWXLWLYQSHGD]RYiQDRVWDWQtP
NXOWXUQtPSURMHY$PNWHUpMVRXUHODWLYQPpQGRVWXSQp1DGUXKpVWUDQNHUDPLND
QHSHVWiYiEêWDåQDYêMLPN\SRYDåRYiQD]D]GURMFKURQRORJLFNêFKLQWHUSUHWDFtDMHMt
GDOãtLQIRUPDþQtKRGQRWDQHQt]GDOHNDY\XåLWD
ÒPUQHPSLULFN\SLMtPDQpPXYê]QDPX]GREHQpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\QDURVWOREMHP
U$]QRURGêFK]S$VRE$MDNY\XåtWYãHFKPRåQRVWtMHå]GREHQtWpWRNHUDPLN\VOLEXMH
1DSRþiWNXWRKRWRSURFHVXVWiORVW\OLVWLFNpSRMHWtNWHUpVLFHY\FKi]HOR]WHFKQLN
SURYiGQtRUQDPHQWXDOHGHILQRYDORV\QWHWLFNpVW\O\(Buttler - Haberey 1936: 98106, Dohrn-Ihmig 19742EVDKRYDORLPSOLFLWQtLQWHUSUHWDþQtSUYHNQHER"VH
SHGSRNOiGDORåHWtPWR]S$VREHPO]HSRVWLKQRXWþDVRSURVWRURYpDWXGtåLNXOWXUQ
KLVWRULFNpKUDQLFH'RGQHVVORXåtNY\SUDFRYiQtUHJLRQiOQtKRVHVNXSRYiQtVtGHOQtFK
DUHiO$Kneipp 1995).
3URDQDOê]XOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXE\ORY\SUDFRYiQRQNROLNV\VWpP$SRGUREQpKR
SRSLVXYãHFKY\VN\WXMtFtFKVHSUYN$NWHUpEêYDMtXVSRiGiQ\SRGOHYtFHPpQ
VKRGQêFK]QDN$QHERNDWHJRULt2EY\NOHUHVSHNWXMtFKDUDNWHULVWLN\OLQHiUQtKR
RUQDPHQWXQDãLUãtP~]HPtDY\]QDþXMtVHU$]QRX~URYQtNRPSOH[QRVWL-HGQRGXFKê
DOH~þLQQêV\VWpPUR]OLãXMtFtU$]QpGUXK\YêSOQYU\WpSiVFHE\OSHGHYãtPNH
FKURQRORJLFNêPSRWHEiPY\SUDFRYiQDSRXåtYiQY]iSDGQtREODVWL/Q.Waterbolk Modderman 19591DSURWLWRPXSRPUQYHOPLVORåLWêDNRPSOH[QtV\VWpP
zahrnující vedle výzdoby i tvary nádob, zpracování keramiky a metriku byl
Y\SUDFRYiQYGROQRUêQVNpREODVWL/Q.-HKRFtOHPE\ORSRVWLåHQtYãHFK
UR]SR]QDWHOQêFK]QDN$LNG\åVLDXWRUE\OYGRPåHQLNROLYNDåGêPiVWHMQRX
vypovídací hodnotu (Gabriel 1979: 9]KOHGHPNHVORåLWRVWLOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX
DY\WþHQêP]iPU$PY\]QDþRYDOVHWHQWRV\VWpP]QDþQRXIRUPiOQRVWt
3HPtUXIRUPiOQtFKHOHPHQW$VHVQDåtRGVWUDQLWV\VWpPSRSLVXKODYQtFKNDWHJRULt
OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXNWHUêMHSRXåtYiQSHGHYãtPSURFKURQRORJLFNRXDQDOê]X
101
QiOH]$]REODVWLVWHGQtKR3RUêQt1HYêKRG\IRUPiOQtKRStVWXSXQDKUD]XMHYêþWHP
VNXWHþQVHY\VN\WXMtFtFKSUYN$Yê]GRE\NWHUpMVRXXVSRiGiYiQ\MHQSRGOHVYp
SRORK\QDQiGRE-HWRV\VWpPNWHUêE\O]DWtPSRGUREHQQHMREViKOHMãtPX
SUDNWLFNpPXY\XåLWt2VYGþLOVHQHMHQSLFKURQRORJLLDUHiO$XYQLWMHGQRKRUHJLRQX
(Stehli 1994DOHLSLDQDOê]HPH]LUHJLRQiOQtFKY]WDK$(Zimmermann 1995) a hlubší
DQDOê]HVSROHþHQVNêFKSRPU$YQHROLWX(Frirdrich 1994)7HQWR]S$VRESRSLVX
SRVN\WXMHSLNRQWURORYDQpPSRXåtYiQt]iNODGQtVHVNXSRYiQtGDWMHåMHPRåQRGiOH
interpretovat.
5.0.2. Výzdoba lineární keramiky v Bylanech
9%\ODQHFKE\OURYQåVFtOHPNRPSOH[QtKRSRSLVXDVYêKOHGHPQDEXGRXFt
automatické zpracování vypracován popisný systém, který obsahoval jak prvky
IRUPiOQtKRStVWXSXWDNLSUYN\VWUXNWXUiOQtKRXVSRiGiQt-HGQRWOLYpSUYN\E\O\
VHVNXSHQ\SRGOHRGGOHQêFKYODVWQRVWtNWHUpEXWRQDVHEHQDYD]RYDO\QHERPO\
MHãWQMDNRXYQLWQtKLHUDUFKLL(Soudský 1960, 1966: 40). Vzhledem k jednoduššímu
XVSRiGiQtþHVNpKROLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXMHWHQWRV\VWpPWDNpPpQREViKOêSHVWR
VHRVYGþLOSHGHYãtPYNDWHJRULLWHFKQLN\OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXSLFKURQRORJLFNp
DQDOê]HE\ODQVNêFKQiOH]$3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi315). Pro prostorovou
DQDOê]XãLUãtSRODEVNpREODVWLOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\E\OSR]GMLY\WYRHQWD[RQRPLFNê
systém, který navázal na strukturální prvky tohoto bylanského systému. V jeho
U$]QêFK~URYQtFKMVRXMHGQRWOLYpNDWHJRULHWYDU$DYê]GRE\UR]YWYHQ\SRGOHSHGHP
VWDQRYHQêFKNULWHULt6MHKRSRPRFtE\O\Y\SUDFRYiQ\FKDUDNWHULVWLN\UHJLRQ$XYQLW
této oblasti i ve vztahu k sousedním oblastem (Rulf 1997b).
=FHODRGOLãQêV\VWpPSRSLVXOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXE\O]SUDFRYiQSUR~þHO\VWXGLD
VSROH"HQVNêFKY]WDK$QDSRKHELãWtFKDVtGOLãWtFKNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
3HGHYãtPVHY\]QDþXMHWHRUHWLFNRXStSUDYRXNODVLILNDFH=QDN\MVRXXVSRiGiQ\
KLHUDUFKLFN\GRNDWHJRULt]QLFKåQNWHUpE\O\SRXåLW\SRSUYpSUROLQHiUQtNHUDPLNX
9WãLQD]QLFKVHYãDNVKRGXMHVNDWHJRULHPLGRVXGEåQSRXåtYDQêPL'$OHåLWpE\OR
NRQVWDWRYiQtåHVWUXNWXURYiQtNODVLILNDFHMHYODVWQMLåDSULRUQtPVWUXNWXURYiQtP
problému (Van de Velde 1979: 3RXåLWtWRKRWRV\VWpPX]DWtPRMHGLQOpKRYHGORN
RGOLãHQtSUYN$DYODVWQRVWtVY\VRNRXDQt]NRXFKURQRORJLFNRXYDULDELOLWRXNWHUpE\O\
SRWRPY\XåLW\SURLQWHUSUHWDFLVSROHþHQVNêFKSRPU$SURPtWQXWêFKGROLQHiUQtKR
ornamentu.
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX
9WpWRNDSLWROHE\VHPORXNi]DWåHQDYUKRYDQiVLWXDþQtDQDOê]DMHGQRWOLYêFK
NDWHJRULtDUWHIDNW$YHGHLYREODVWLOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXNSHGSRNOiGDQêP
YêVOHGN$P-HGQRWOLYpWHFKQLN\D]QDN\OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXE\O\XVSRiGiQ\GR
XFHOHQpVRXVWDY\SUYN$Yê]GRE\GHVpQXDVW\OXOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXREUD
-LåWtPWRXVSRiGiQtPMHGiQDXUþLWiLQWHUSUHWDFHQHERDOHVSRMHMtSHGSRNODG\Y
MLVWpPVPUX2þHNiYiVHåHNYDOLWDWLYQtLNYDQWLWDWLYQtþDVRSURVWRURYiDQDOê]D
MHGQRWOLYêFKWHFKQLND]QDN$RGSRYtSHGHYãtPQDGDQpRWi]N\3DYO$97).
3HGSRNOiGDQpFKURQRORJLFNpRWi]N\YãDN]GHQHMVRXHãHQ\VURYYêãHÒYRGDOH
Y\FKi]tVH]MLåGtYHY\SUDFRYDQpFKURQRORJLH3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi354 SRStSDG]H]iNODGQtLQWHUSUHWDFHSRVORXSQRVWLE\ODQVNêFKVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t
3DYO$284).
2Wi]N\NWHUpPiQiVOHGXMtFtUR]ERUOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX]RGSRYGWVHWêNDMt
QHMSUYHPDWHULiOQtKR]iNODGXYê]GRE\%XGRXKOHGiQDY\VYWOHQtYê]QDPX
102
VKOXNRYiQtSUYN$YDUFKHRORJLFN\]MLã"RYDQêFKVRXERUHFKDMHMLFKY]WDKXN
S$YRGQtPXXVSRiGiQtYåLYpNXOWXHQHERRWi]N\REWtåQRVWL]GREHQtD]S$VRE$MHKR
WUDGRYiQtYQiVOHGQêFKJHQHUDFtFKYêUREF$3UYN\GHVpQXE\PO\VORXåLWNYêNODGX
XVSRiGiQtVNXSLQQHROLWLFNpVSROHþQRVWLSRGOHSLUR]HQêFKNULWHULtMDNRE\OURGYN
DS$YRGRE\YDWHOE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãW.RQHþQWHFKQLN\DSUYN\VW\OXPRKRXRGNUêW
SRK\E\MHGQRWOLYF$XVtGOHQêFKYGRPHFKNWHtYSU$EKXVYpKRåLYRWDPQLOLVYp
domovy.
5.1. Základní klasifikace zdobení
5.1.1. Výzdoba nejstarší keramiky
$þNROLYMH]GREHQtSUDYNpNHUDPLN\SRYDåRYiQR]DD[LRPDWLFN\GDQêDYãHREHFQ
VUR]XPLWHOQêSRMHPMHKRMHGQR]QDþQiGHILQLFHEêYiSRNOiGiQD]DQHPRåQRX(Van de
Velde 1979: 1NG\QHQt]FHOD]HWHOQiKUDQLFHPH]LNRQHþQRX~SUDYRXSRYUFKX
QiGRE\DYê]GRERXQDWRPWRSRYUFKX3tNODGHPP$åHEêWOHãWQtSRYUFKXREY\NOH
SURYiGQpQHSUDYLGHOQêPLYãHVPUQêPLSRK\E\NWHUpQH]DQHFKiYDMtQMDNêSDWUQê
Y]RUQDSRYUFKX-LQG\YãDNMVRXOLSRK\E\SLOHãWQtQMDNSUDYLGHOQpP$åH
Y]QLNQRXWGRMHPSVHXGRYê]GRE\QDþiVWLSRYUFKXWHEDYHIRUPRUJDQL]RYDQêFK
MHPQêFKUêåHN7DWR]GiQOLYiYê]GREDEêYiþDVWRYHOPLQH]HWHOQiDãSDWQ
RGOLãLWHOQiRG]iPUQYOHã"RYDQêFKY]RU$YHVWDUãtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH(Makkay 1978,
Pavúk 1980).
=GREHQtO]HGHILQRYDWMDNRMDNRXNROLYGRGDWHþQRXSUR]iNODGQtIXQNFLQiGRE\
QLNROLYQH]E\WQRX~SUDYXQDMHMtPSRYUFKXNWHUi]iPUQGRSOXMH]Y\ãXMH
StSDGQ]YêUD]XMHWHFKQLFNRXVRFLiOQtQHERLGHRORJLFNRXIXQNFLQiGRE\-HQPHQãt
þiVWQHMVWDUãtVWHGRHYURSVNpQHROLWLFNpNHUDPLN\E\ODYWRPWRVP\VOX]GREHQDMHMt
YWãtGtOO]HR]QDþLW]DQH]GREHQRXNHUDPLNX9XåãtPSRMHWtMVRX]D]GREHQt
SRNOiGiQ\WDNRYpWHFKQLN\MHMLFKåSURVWHGQLFWYtPO]HQDSRYUFKXQiGREY\WYiHW
ornamenty.
=iNODGQtNDWHJRULH]GREHQtNHUDPLN\VHRGOLãXMtSRGOHVYpUROHYQtåY\VWXSXMtVSROX
VFHORXQiGRERXWDE$-HGQRWOLYp~ORK\MVRXREVDåHQ\VRXKUQQYNRPSOH[X
zdobenosti a v keramickém výrobku jako takovém, a proto tuto kategorizaci je nutno
FKiSDWMHQMDNRVFKpPDWLFNpUR]GOHQtGDQpMHGQtPSHYDåXMtFtPDVSHNWHP7RSODWt
SHGHYãtPSURWHFKQLFNRXIXQNFL]GREHQt2EWtåQO]H]DWtPVWDQRYLWSHGHPKUDQLFH
PH]LVRFLiOQtDLGHRORJLFNRXIXQNFtMHGQRWOLYêFKYê]GREQêFKNDWHJRULt2VWDWQL
WHFKQLFNpNDWHJRULHPRKRXSHFKi]HWGRVRFLiOQtQHERLGHRORJLFNpUROHDWDNpU$]Qp
GUXK\Yê]GRE\VHPRKRXNRPELQRYDWQDWpåHQiGRE3RWRPMHGRVWLDUELWUiUQtNWHUi
z nich bude rekonstruována jako rozhodující. Obvykle to bývá ta vrstva, která v
V\VWpPRYpPNRQWH[WXE\ODQDSRYUFKXQiGRE\LNG\åþDVWMLVHYDUFKHRORJLFNpP
NRQWH[WXSURMHYXMtYUVWY\NWHUpE\O\S$YRGQ]DNU\Wp
5.1.2. Technická výzdoba
=DWHFKQLFNp]GREHQtVHR]QDþXMtWDNRYp~SUDY\QiGRE\MHåREY\NOH]DVDKXMtGR
MHMtKRSRYUFKXDE\O\DSOLNRYiQ\SHGY\SiOHQtP729þHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH
MVRXWRSHGHYãtPU$]QpRWLVN\QHERNUiWNpUêåN\SURYiGQpQHMþDVWMLSUVW\
NHUDPLþHNQHERSRPRFtU$]QêFKGHYQêFKDNRVWQêFKQiVWURM$=SRþiWNXSRNUêYDO\
QHSUDYLGHOQþiVWQHERFHOêSRYUFKQiGRE\SR]GMLVHVWDO\RUQDPHQWDþQtWHFKQLNRXV
RPH]HQêPXUþHQtP7tPEêYiQHMþDVWMLVSRMRYiQtSXSN$FLNFDNRYLWUR]PtVWQêFK
RNRORWODQiGRE\3$YRGQtXUþHQtMtPåE\OR]HMP]GUVQQtKODGNpKRSRYUFKX
103
QiGRE\DE\PRKOEêWSRNU\WGRGDWHþQRXYUVWYRXKOtQ\VHWDNWRWUDQVIRUPRYDOR
3RþiWHþQtWHFKQLFNiIXQNFHVH]PQLODDYãDNIRUP\]GREHQtSHWUYDO\9FHOpP
bylanském souboru se tato kategorie objevuje na 7 % nádob.
5.1.3. Rytá lineární výzdoba
9ê]GREDYUêYDQiGRMHãWQHGRKRWRYHQpKRSRYUFKXQiGREGHYQêPQHERNRVWQêP
U\GOHP/2MHYOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHQHMYêUD]QMãtPSURMHYHP]GREHQtDRGYR]XMH
SURWRRGQtVYRMHMPpQR3HVWRåHMHYêUD]QêPDUFKHRORJLFNêPSURMHYHPDQLWDWR
NDWHJRULHQHWYRLODYåG\MHGLQRXYUVWYX]GREHQtýDVWMLVORXåLODWDNpMHQMDNR
]GUVQQtSRYUFKXQiGRESURDSOLNDFLEDUHYQêFKKOLQHNWDNåHY]QLNDOGRMHP
PDORYDQêFKSiV$]QLFKåE\O\Y\WYiHQ\YODVWQtRUQDPHQWiOQtPRWLY\(Modderman
1988: 9QDãLFKSRGPtQNiFKVH]E\WN\KOLQHNGRFKRYDO\YHIRUPLQNUXVWDFH
linií (Vencl 1961: 115)9SR]GMãtPYêYRMLE\O\OLQLHSHNUêYiQ\VPROQRXEDUYRXY
PRWLYHFKNWHUpVHQHVKRGRYDO\VWtPWRSRGNODGHP7RYHGORNYêNODGXåHVHMHGQiR
]YOiãWQtV\PEROLFNp]GREHQtþiVWtQiGRESRVNRQþHQtMHMLFKSULPiUQtIXQNFH(Vencl
1961: 9RERXStSDGHFK]$VWiYiU\WiOLQHiUQtYê]GREDYSUYQtPSOiQX]GREHQt
VDPRVWDWQRXNDWHJRULt9%\ODQHFKE\ODWHWLQDYãHFKQiGREY\]GREHQD
lineárním ornamentem.
5.1.4. Reliéfní plastická výzdoba
8UþLWRXYDULDQWRXOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\MHSURYHGHQtRUQDPHQW$SiVNRXQDOHSRYDQRX]
WpKRåPDWHULiOXQDQHY\SiOHQRXQiGREX327tPWR]S$VREHPY]QLNDODUHOLpIQt
Yê]GREDYH]MHGQRGXãHQêFKPRWLYHFKNWHUpE\O\MLQG\U\W\QHERPDORYiQ\3$YRGQt
XUþHQtSODVWLFNpSiVN\E\ORSDWUQWDNpVStãHWHFKQLFNpSURWRåHMHMtQHMVWDUãtIRUP\
VHREMHYXMtQDYHONêFKODKYRYLWêFK]iVREQLFtFKYHVPVMDNRSUVWRYDQiOLãWDQD
UR]KUDQtKUGODDWOD=GHPODSODVWLFNiSiVNDXVQDGQLWXFKRSHQtQiGRE\QHER
StSDGQpOHSãtXFK\FHQtQMDNpOiWN\NWHURXE\ORSHNU\WRMHMt~VWt9êMLPHþQVH
plastická páska objeví pod okrajem polokulovité nádoby (Holohlavy: 3DYO$9RNROHN
19962EU9]KOHGHPNHVYpPDOpþHWQRVWLDREGREQpIXQNFLE\ODYWpWR
práci zahrnuta do jedné kategorie spolu s lineární výzdobou.
.HUDPLNDVþHUYHQêPQiWUHP
-DNRVDPRVWDWQRXNDWHJRULL]GREHQtMH]HMPQXWQRY\þOHQLWYFHOpPHYURSVNpP
QHROLWXNHUDPLNXVþHUYHQêPQiWUHPQDSRYUFKXGiOH56 5HG6OLSSHGýHUYHQê
QiWUDSOLNRYDQêYWãLQRXSRY\SiOHQtMHW\SLFNêSURVWDURQHROLWLFNp]ERåtY
.DUSDWVNpNRWOLQYHVWDUþHYVNRNULãVNpNXOWXHLYHVWDURQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFK
3HGQtKRYêFKRGX7DPEêYiWtPWR]S$VREHPXSUDYRYiQR]HMPpQDMHPQp]ERåt9
NXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVHWHQWRGUXKWHFKQLFNp~SUDY\SRYUFKXGRFKRYiMHQ
]FHODYêMLPHþQDEêYiR]QDþRYiQQHMþDVWMLMDNR]E\WN\þHUYHQpKREDUYLYDNWHUp
E\ORYQiGREXORåHQR7DWRLQWHUSUHWDFHY\SOêYi]QiOH]$VWRSEDUYLYDQDYQLWQtFK
VWQiFK(Vencl 1961: 2SURWLRþHNiYiQtVHY%\ODQHFKGRFKRYDO\WDNRYpWR
nálezy jen v nejmladších fázích.
'RNDWHJRULH56MVRX]DSRþtWiYiQ\MHQVWRS\þHUYHQpEDUY\QDMLQDNQH]GREHQêFK
]ORPFtFK9]KOHGHPNQHSt]QLYêPS$GQtPSRGPtQNiPYMHMLFKåG$VOHGNXMHGQHV
WHQNiYUVWYLþNDKHPDWLWRYpKREDUYLYDRGVWUDQQDO]HSHGSRNOiGDWMLVWpPQRåVWYt
takto upravovaných nádob v celém vývoji osídlení. Z hlediska materiální role
NHUDPLN\VSRþtYiWHFKQLFNêYê]QDPSRWtUiQtSRYUFKXþHUYHQêPEDUYLYHPYH]OHSãHQt
I\]LNiOQtFKYODVWQRVWtNHUDPLN\7DNWRXSUDYHQpQiGRE\VHY\]QDþXMtY\ããtWHSHOQRX
104
YRGLYRVWtDPHQãtSU$OLQþLWRVWt9HYURSVNpPQHROLWXMHGRORåHQRSLGiYiQtKHPDWLWX
StPRGRSRMLYDVWHSXMHQYêMLPHþQ(Vencl 1961: 116, pozn.166) (tab. 5.1.5.A.).
5.1.6. Malovaná lineární keramika
0DORYiQtRUQDPHQW$&2U$]QêPLRUJDQLFNêPLEDUYLY\SHGY\SiOHQtPSDWLOR
]HMPN]iNODGQtP]QDORVWHPRGQHMVWDUãtKRQHROLWLFNpKRREGREt9EDONiQVNêFK
VWDURQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFKEêYiYåG\XUþLWiþiVWREY\NOHMHPQpKR]ERåt]GREHQD
jednoduchými malovanými ornamenty 3HUOþV9LWHOOL230). Také v krišské
NXOWXHYGROQtP3RWLVtVHMHãWVSRUDGLFN\REMHYXMHPDORYDQiNHUDPLNDSRGREQ
MDNRQDVWDURQHROLWLFNpP]ERåt]%HFVHKHO\YGROQt7UDQVGDQXELLKalicz 1980). V
NXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXQHQtVDPRVWDWQpPDORYiQtWRKRWRW\SX]MLã"RYiQR
=%\ODQSRFKi]HMtþW\L]ORPN\WDE$QDQLFKåVHQDOH]O\VWRS\WPDYêFK
SiVN$NWHUpE\PRKO\EêW]E\WN\PDORYDQêFKRUQDPHQW$1HO]HMHYãDNQNG\RGOLãLW
RGStSDGQêFKVWRSSHWpNDMtFtKRREVDKXVRRWLQJMHåPRKO]DãSLQLWRNUDMHDVWQ\
QiGRESLYDHQt3URWRWDNpQHMVRX]DD]HQ\GRFHONRYpKRSRþWXU$]QêFKNDWHJRULt
výzdoby.
9QLFKQHMVRX]DKUQXW\DQL]ORPN\VH]E\WN\VPROQpEDUY\NWHUpVHY\VN\WO\þDVWML
2EY\NOHMVRXNRPELQRYiQ\VOLQHiUQtYê]GRERXDWDPWDNp]DD]HQ\1HGRFKRYDO\VH
YWãLQRXYåiGQêFKUR]OLãLWHOQêFKY]RUHFK3RGUREQNHVPROQpEDUYDQDOHSRYiQt
organických hmot na lineární keramice srov. Vencl 1961: 114-123).
5.1.7. Jiné druhy výzdoby
0H]LMLQpGUXK\Yê]GRE\NWHUpE\VHPRKO\REMHYRYDWYNXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
P$åHSDWLWYOHã"RYiQtDNDQHORYiQt7\WRNDWHJRULHVHY\VN\WXMtQDVWDUROLQHiUQt
NHUDPLFHYREODVWL.DUSDWVNpNRWOLQ\7\SLFNpStNODG\SRFKi]HMt]PDDUVNpKR
QDOH]LãWY%LVFNH(Makkay 19787\WRNDWHJRULHMVRXYýHFKiFKMHãWPpQ
]DVWRXSHQ\QHåPDORYiQt+RORKODY\3DYO$9RNROHN. Jejich první doklady se
QDãO\YREMHNWX]QDOH]LãW1RYp'YRU\YURFH3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi
1986: 2EU-HGQiVHRPONpãLURNpNDQHORYiQtYHVYLVOêFKSiVHFKQD
KRUQtþiVWLWODSRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\9HGUXKpPStSDGVHMHGQiRYHOPLMHPQ
NDQHORYDQpUêåN\NWHUpY\WYiHMtSDUNHWRYêY]RUQDGREY\NORXU\WRXVSLUiORX
1DOH]LãWVHQDFKi]tSREOtåGROQtKRWRNX9UFKOLFHDQiOHåtGRREODVWLPLNURUHJLRQX
E\ODQVNpKRQDOH]LãW2EMHNWMHSRGOHGDOãtFKQiOH]$VWDUãtQHåSRþiWN\RVtGOHQtY
%\ODQHFK/]HSURWRVRXGLWåHW\WRNDWHJRULHYê]GRE\]QiPpYQHMVWDUãtOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLFHQHE\O\MLåYGRE]DþiWNXRVtGOHQtY%\ODQHFKSRXåtYiQ\
5.1.8. Nezdobená keramika
.HUDPLNDEH]Yê]GRE\MHYê]QDPQiSHGHYãtPVYRMtSRþHWQRVWt9%\ODQHFKGRVDKXMH
FHONRYpKRPQRåVWYtQDOH]HQêFKMHGLQF$7RWRþtVORP$åHEêWRSURWL
V\VWpPRYpPXNRQWH[WX]NUHVOHQRQHMPpQGYPD]S$VRE\3HGHYãtPYHONRX
]ORPNRYLWRVWtQHER"VtGOLãWQtQiOH]\SHYDåXMtYHIUDNFLFP7R]QDPHQi
SHGHYãtPYStSDGWHFKQLFN\]GREHQêFKQiGREåH]QLFKP$åHSRFKi]HWYtFH
]ORPN$EH]Yê]GRE\MHVWOLåHWHFKQLFNiYê]GREDSRNUêYDODVWQ\QiGRE\SRPUQ
tGFH9NDWHJRULL12VHWXGtåVNUêYiXUþLWiþiVWNDWHJRULH72DSDWUQLNDWHJRULH32
=NDWHJRULH/2YQt]DQLNORSDWUQMHQPHQãtSURFHQWR'UXKêP]GURMHP]NUHVOHQt
SRþW$12P$åHEêWSUiYNDWHJRULHQiGREVþHUYHQêPQiWUHPRNWHUpO]H
SHGSRNOiGDWåHE\ODSRþHWQMãtQHåMHYHVNXWHþQRVWLGRORåHQRYL]QtåHNDS. 5.2.5).
105
$UFKHRORJLFN\]MLã"RYDQpSRþW\QH]GREHQêFKQiGREMHQXWQRSURWRKRGQRWLWMDNR
VRXKUQQNWHUêFKþiVWt]RVWDWQtFKNDWHJRULtDYODVWQtKRQH]GREHQpKR]ERåt3R
RGGOHQtQiGREVþHUYHQSRWHQêPLVWQDPLMDNRYêUREN$WHFKQLFN\GRNRQDOHMãtFK
SLSDGiQDQiGRE\EH]RUQDPHQW$SHGHYãtPUROHYHVIpHVSROHþHQVNêFKY]WDK$D
LGHRORJLFNRLQIRUPDþQtFKV\PERO$6DPRWQpQH]GREHQtMHSURWRPRåQRSRNOiGDW
]DYê]QDPQêDNYDQWLWDWLYQSHYDåXMtFtSURMHYVWHGRHYURSVNpQHROLWLFNpVSROHþQRVWL
%êYiVSRMRYiQRVUR]GtOQRXUROtNHUDPLN\MHåVHPRKODOLãLWYMHGQRWOLYêFKSUDYNêFK
kulturách (Rulf 1997a).
=GREHQtMHPQpKRDKUXEpKR]ERåt
/LQHiUQtNHUDPLNDY%\ODQHFKE\ODUR]GOHQDQDGYWtG\MHPQpKR-01DKUXEpKR
]ERåt+5%NWHUpY\MDGXMtXUþLWRXNYDOLWXDYHOLNRVWY\UiEQêFKQiGRE0HQãtD
UHODWLYQWHQNRVWQQpQiGRE\VSDGDMtGRWtG\MHPQpKR]ERåtFRåMHWHUPtQNWHUêPO
YS$YRGQtP]iPUXUR]OLãLWMHPQRXVWROQtNHUDPLNXRGNXFK\VNêFKQiGRE(Soudský
1967: =WpWRGHILQLFHWDNpY\SOêYiåHOLQHiUQtDSODVWLFNiYê]GREDVH
VRXVWHRYDODQDMHPQpP]ERåt]DWtPFRKUXEiNHUDPLNDE\ODSHYDKRX
QH]GREHQiWDE$+UXEiNHUDPLNDQHVHWpPYHWHFKQLFNp
]GREHQtDMHQYU\WpRUQDPHQW\6WRS\þHUYHQpKREDUYLYDE\O\]MLãWQ\YPpQ
QHåQDMHPQpPLKUXEpP]ERåt
6WDELOLWD]GREHQtEKHPYêYRMHOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\
9DULDELOLWD]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULt]GREHQtQHQtYSRVORXSQRVWLRVtGOHQtStOLãYHOLNi
3RK\EXMHVHiGRYYUR]PH]tGHVHWLSURFHQWRNRORSU$PUXWDE$1HMPHQãt
SRGtO/2VHQDFKi]tYIi]LQHMYWãtYIi]L1HMPHQãtSRGtO
72Y\ND]XMHIi]HDQHMYWãtIi]H5R]SWtQH]GREHQp
NHUDPLN\MHYWRPWRSRURYQiQtSRQNXGYWãtDRGUiåtYSHYUiFHQpPSRPUXUR]SWt
/2PLQLPiOQYIi]LDMDNRPD[LPXPYIi]L0LQLPiOQt
KRGQRWDVHRSDNXMHMHãWLYIi]LDQLåãtKRGQRW\VHY\VN\WXMtWDNpYHIi]tFK
21, 22. (Pozn.: Zde publikovaná tabulka se v detailech liší od tabulky publikované
GtYH-5XOIHP[1993: @]HMPVRKOHGHPQDSRQNXGRGOLãQRXPHWRGXYêSRþW$
QHER"SUDFRYDOVYWãtPPQRåVWYtPREMHNW$
=DWtPFRH[WUpPQtKRGQRW\/2D72QHPDMtEH]SURVWHGQtVRXYLVORVWVGtYH
interpretovanými událostmi na úrovni fází 3DYO$285), koncentrují se nízké
KRGQRW\QH]GREHQpNHUDPLN\±QiSDGQRNRORLQWHUSUHWRYDQêFKKLiW$DWR
MDNSHGQLPLIi]HWDN]HMPpQDSRQLFKIi]H
=iNODGQtNDWHJRULH]GREHQtQHGHILQXMtStOLãYHONRXþDVRYRXYDULDELOLWXYSU$EKX
Ii]t=DYê]QDPQpMHYãDNPRåQRSRNOiGDWYêUD]QêSRNOHVQH]GREHQpNHUDPLN\Y
SRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKREQRYHQpKRRVtGOHQtNWHUêVHQNROLNUiWRSDNXMH
8ND]XMHYãDNVStãHQDYDULDELOLWXRGSDGXMHKRåVORåHQtPRKOREêWRYOLYQQRGHOãt
åLYRWQRVWtKUXEpSHYDKRXQH]GREHQpNHUDPLN\'DOãtPG$YRGHPEXGH]QDþQi
QHSUDYLGHOQRVWYXNOiGiQtVtGHOQtKRRGSDGXMHåE\ODNRQVWDWRYiQDSURFHONRYpSRþW\
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\YMHGQRWOLYêFKVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tFK9XUþLWêFKREGREtFK]HMPpQD
GRFKi]HORNFHONRYpPXSRNOHVXPQRåVWYtNHUDPLN\YRGSDGX3DWUQVSROXVH
]PQRXVWDYHQLãWE\OLQYHQWiGRPXSHVWKRYiQQDQRYpPtVWRRulf 1993: 19). Lze
SHGSRNOiGDWåHSRREQRYHQpPVtGOHQtQDXUþLWpPPtVW]DþDODVHWDNpQRYiHWDSD
NXPXODFHRGSDGXNWHUêYWFKWRREGREtFKOpSHRGSRYtGiS$YRGQtPXREVDKXYåLYp
NXOWXH
106
5.2. Archeologický a systémový kontext zdobení keramiky
5R]ORåHQtYê]GRE\YVtGHOQtPRGSDGX
&HONRYO]HFKDUDNWHUL]RYDWUHODWLYQt]DVWRXSHQtMHGQRWOLYêFKNDWHJRULt]GREHQtY
KODYQtFKQiOH]RYêFKVRXERUHFKMDNRYtFHPpQVKRGQp3RK\EXMHVHYSRPUX
]GREHQêFKNXQH]GREHQêFKQiGREDWRVKRGQYNRPSOH[HFKGRP$VWHMQMDNR
v izolovaných jamách i v ostatních objektech (tab. 5.2.1.A-a). V absolutních
hodnotách se však vNRPSOH[HFKGRP$QDOH]ORYSU$PUXGHVHWNUiWYtFHMHGLQF$
YãHFKNDWHJRULtQHåYL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKiGRYYãHFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\
SRFKi]tWDNp]NRPSOH[$GRP$1HSODWtWRSURþHUYHQêQiWUNWHUêMH]NUHVOHQQt]NêP
SRþWHPYêVN\WXWDE$E2GSDGY]iNODGQtFKGUX]tFKREMHNW$VHWDNQHOLãt
relativním obsahem výzdobných kategorií a je z tohoto hlediska v areálu
BY1homogenní.
0H]L]GREHQtPMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtQiGREVHSURMHYXMtYê]QDPQpUR]GtO\SURWRåH
SUDYGSRGREQRVWUR]ORPHQt]GREHQpQiGRE\QD]GREHQp]ORPN\VHOLãtSRGOH
XPtVWQtYê]GRE\QDQiGRE=ORPN\]HVWHGQtFKþiVWtQiGRE\EXGRX
SUDYGSRGREQWDNpVStãH]GREHQpQDUR]GtORG]ORPN$RGHGQDQHER] okraje, kam
Yê]GREDQHGRVDKRYDOD&HOpQiGRE\&20SOHWHD]ORPN\RNUDM$MVRXYHVWHMQpP
SRPUX]GREHQ\]KUXEDYSDGHViWLSURFHQWHFKStSDG$3URWLWRPXVWQ\:$/OV
VWQ\VYêUD]QRXSURILODFt6(&WLRQVDGQD%27WRPVMVRX]KUXEDYHWLFHWL
SURFHQWHFK]GREHQpDYVHGPGHViWLSURFHQWHFKQH]GREHQpWDE%D0pQ
YêUD]QpUR]GtO\MVRXSDWUQ\SRURYQDMtOLVHMHGQRWOLYpþiVWLQiGRE] hlediska
]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\-HMLFKUR]ORåHQtMHMLQpYNDWHJRULLQH]GREHQpNHUDPLN\
RSURWLNDWHJRULtPOLQHiUQDWHFKQLFN\]GREHQpWDE%E9UiPFLQH]GREHQêFK
]ORPN$SRFKi]tYêUD]QQLåãtSURFHQWR]RNUDMRYêFKþiVWtQiGREYHVURYQiQtVH
]GREHQêPLNDWHJRULHPLDYêUD]QYWãtSRþHW]H]ORPN$VWQ
=DVPURGDWQêRGKDGUR]ORåHQtYê]GRE\O]HSRYDåRYDWKRGQRW\YUiPFLFHOêFK
QiGREPH]LQLPLåMHOLQHiUQ]GREHQêFKDWHFKQLFN\]GREHQêFK7PWR
KRGQRWiPVHEOtåtRGKDGOLQHiUQDWHFKQLFN\]GREHQêFKRNUDM$0pQ
VSROHKOLYêEXGHYêVN\WOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\QDVWQiFKDWHFKQLFNpYê]GRE\QD
VWQiFKVYêUD]QRXSURILODFt9RVWDWQtFKStSDGHFKMVRX]HMPRGKDG\
SRPU$Yê]GRE\]NUHVOHQ\]ORPNRYLWRVWtQiOH]$3ODWtWRSHGHYãtPR]ORPFtFKGHQ
QDQLFKåWpP]DQLNiWHFKQLFNiYê]GRED7RMHFHONHPORJLFNêSR]QDWHNQHER"WDWR
Yê]GREDNRQþtREY\NOHY\VRNRQDGHGQHPDEêYiNURPWRKRRNRORVWQ\SRPUQ
tGFHUR]ORåHQD
=iNODGQtNDWHJRULH]GREHQtYSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFKMDP
&KRYiQt]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\MHYSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFKMDP
YtFHPpQVKRGQpREUD9HGUXKpPIDNWRUXVHRGGOXMtOLQHiUQ]GREHQpD
QH]GREHQpQiGRE\RGWHFKQLFN\]GREHQêFKDWRYNODGQpPVPUX7HQWRIDNWRUO]H
LQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRIDNWRUWHFKQLFNpYê]GRE\9SUYQtPIDNWRUXVHFKRYiSURWLFK$GQ
OLQHiUQ]GREHQiDQH]GREHQiNHUDPLNDYNRPSOH[HFKDL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFK
Zatímco v komplexech má lineární výzdoba kladné skóre (0.196), v jamách má
YêUD]Q]iSRUQpVNyUH3UYQtIDNWRUO]HR]QDþLWMDNRIDNWRU]GREHQtY$EHF
Odlišné chování výzdoby v izolovaných jamách, kde se první faktor chová jako
QHOLQHiUQtY\åDGXMHVSHFLiOQtYêNODG5HODWLYQtYêVN\W]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtMH
VKRGQêYNRPSOH[HFKLYL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKLNG\åYDEVROXWQtFKSRþWHFKMH
YêUD]QQLåãtYL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKWDE$=iURYHVHVKRGXMHUHODWLYQt
107
YêVN\WU$]QêFKþiVWtQiGREYNRPSOH[HFKDL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKWDE%WDNåH
QHJDWLYQtFKRYiQtOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\YL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKQHO]HY\VYWOLWMHGQRGXãH
QDStNODGUR]GtOQRXNYDQWLWRXRGSDGXYRERXGUX]tFKREMHNW$
8YiGQpUHODFHYãDNSRVWLKXMtFKRYiQtMHGQRWOLYêFKSUYN$YFHONXSURWRåHXGiYDMtMHQ
KRGQRW\FHONRYêFKVRXþW$.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DEHUHGR~YDK\LUHODFHPH]L
MHGQRWOLYêPLSUYN\XYQLWVRXERUXNRPSOH[$QDMHGQpVWUDQDVRXERUXL]RORYDQêFK
MDPQDGUXKpVWUDQ3URWRO]HRGOLãQêFKDUDNWHUSUYQtKRIDNWRUXY\VYWOLW
NYDOLWDWLYQtPLUR]GtO\PH]LRGSDGHPYMDPiFKSREOtåGRP$DYMDPiFKYHYWãt
Y]GiOHQRVWLRGGRP$2GSDGYHVWDYHEQtFKMDPiFKNRPSOH[XMHWHG\YSUYQtPD
QHMYê]QDPQMãtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\OLQHiUQtSURWRåH]DKUQXMH
EH]SURVWHGQtRGSDG]GRPXNGHO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåH]QDNRYiKRGQRWDSRXåtYDQp
keramiky se zakládala na lineárním zdobení. Naproti tomu odpad z izolovaných jam
VHFKRYiYSUYQtPIDNWRUXYDULDELOLW\QHOLQHiUQSURWRåHE\OY]KOHGHPN
V\VWpPRYpPXVORåHQtQiGREtYGRPHFKWUDQVIRUPRYiQDWRQHJDWLYQ]KOHGLVND
OLQHiUQtYê]GRE\DMHMtKR]QDNRYpKRYê]QDPX6ORåHQtRGSDGXSREOtåGRP$E\OR
RVREQMãtQHåVORåHQtRGSDGXYREMHNWHFKNWHUpE\O\RGGRPXY]GiOHQMãt
.RPSRQHQW\OLQHiUQtYê]GRE\YSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFK
jam
3URWRåHQHMSRþHWQMãtNDWHJRULtMHOLQHiUQ]GREHQiNHUDPLNDE\ODWDWRVNXSLQDMHãW
UR]GOHQDSRGOHMHGQRWOLYêFKNRPSRQHQW7FKWRãHVWNRPSRQHQWOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\
WYRtSURVWiU\WiOLQLHSiVND]HGYRXDYtFHOLQLtY\SORYDQiSiVNDOLQLHVQRWDPL
VDPRVWDWQpG$ON\QRW\DOLQLH]DG\MHGQRGXFKêFKYSLFK$REU.a., tab.
5.2.3.A.).
&KRYiQtKODYQtFKNRPSRQHQW$OLQHiUQtYê]GRE\YSURVWRUXIi]tNRPSOH[$D
L]RORYDQêFKMDPYPQRKpPSLSRPtQiFKRYiQt]iNODGQtFKYê]GREQêFKNDWHJRULt9
prvních dvou faktorech je chování ve všech prostorech shodné. První faktor
UHVSHNWXMHIRUPiOQFKURQRORJLFNRXDGXRGSURVWpU\WpOLQLHSHVSiVNXVYSLFK\Då
SRDGXYSLFK$'UXKêIDNWRURGGOXMHYNODGQpPVPUXQRW\DYSLFK\DY]iSRUQpP
SiVNXDNRONRYDQRXOLQLL7RRGSRYtGiSHYDåXMtFtPXFKDUDNWHUXNRPSRQHQWD
SUYN$POLQHiUQ]GREHQpNHUDPLN\Y%\ODQHFK9HWHWtPIDNWRUXVWRMtSURWLVREOLQLH
VQRWDPLDY\SLFKRYDQiOLQLHQDMHGQpVWUDQDVDPRVWDWQpQRW\DSiVNDQDGUXKp
VWUDQ-HMLFKFKRYiQtMHSHYUiFHQpYNRPSOH[HFKDL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFK3HVWRåH
YiKDWHWtKRIDNWRUXQHQtStOLãYHONiYNRPSOH[HFKGRVDKXMHYDULDELOLW\DY
L]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKYDULDELOLW\SRGSRUXMHNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DOLQHiUQtFK
NRPSRQHQWSHGFKi]HMtFtYêNODG
3URWRåHSURVWiU\WiOLQLHVHFKRYiMDNRGRSONRYêNRPSRQHQWY]KOHGHPNRVWDWQtP
její chování v komplexech a izolovaných jamách je shodné. Od tohoto komponentu
Yê]GRE\VHYãDNRGOLãXMtRVWDWQt=iURYHVWtPMDNNOHViYê]QDPPODGãtFK
NRPSRQHQW$YNRPSOH[HFKNOHViYê]QDPVWDUãtFKNRPSRQHQW$YL]RORYDQêFK
MDPiFK7RNRUHVSRQGXMHVRþHNiYDQêPFKRYiQtPRGSDGXYVtGHOQtPDUHiOXNWHUê
E\OGHOãtGREXDRSDNRYDQRVtGORYiQ5R]GtOQpSRVWDYHQtL]RORYDQêFKMDPYHY]WDKX
NH]GREHQpNHUDPLFHVHWtP]QRYXSRWYU]XMH5R]ORåHQtNRPSRQHQWYSURVWRUX
NRPSOH[$DL]RORYDQêFKMDPNRStUXMH]iNODGQtFKURQRORJLFNpWUHQG\QDMHMLFKå
]iNODGE\ODIRUPXORYiQDNHUDPLFNiFKURQRORJLHE\ODQVNêFKIi]t3URVWRUIi]tMH
SURWRMHGQRUR]PUQê'UXKêIDNWRUYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$DMDPO]HSRMPHQRYDWMDNR
IDNWRUQRWRYpYê]GRE\NWHUiVPXMHNY\StFKDQpWHFKQLFHREUE
108
.URPWFKWREåQêFKNRPSRQHQWMHY%\ODQHFKNRONRYDQiGYRMOLQNDSRYDåRYiQD]D
FL]tHOHPHQWNWHUêXND]XMHQDNRQWDNW\VHåHOLH]RYVNRXREODVWtQDMLKRYêFKRGQtP
6ORYHQVNX.WpWRVDPRVWDWQpNRPSRQHQWVHSURWRDGtLVSRMHQpQRW\NyG\BY67:
WDE$1DRSDNåHOLH]RYVNiQiGREND]REMHNWXBYA2: 280) byla
R]QDþHQDMDNRLPSRUWWDNpSURWYDUDPDWHULiO]QKRåMHY\UREHQD3RXåtYiQt
YtFHKURWpKRQiVWURMHNSURYiGQtOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\QHQtYþHVNpREODVWLREY\NOp%\OR
SRXåtYiQRYSRGXQDMVNpREODVWLNGHFKDUDNWHUL]XMHWHFKQLN\åHOLH]RYVNpVNXSLQ\DOH
WDNpGiOHQDYêFKRGYHYêFKRGQtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH9ýHFKiFKMHWDWRWHFKQLNDXåLWi
SURY\SLFKRYDQRXOLQLLSRYDåRYiQD]DNOtþRYê]QDNQiVWXSXNXOWXU\VY\StFKDQRX
keramikou 3DYO$=iSRWRFNi).
3L]S$VREHQtYê]GRE\SRGPtQNiPVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$
3LSRURYQiYiQtREVDKXNHUDPLN\QDQNWHUêFKVWHGRþHVNêFKVtGOLãWtFKE\OR
NRQVWDWRYiQRåHSRGtOOLQHiUQ]GREHQpNHUDPLN\]QDþQNROtViDY\ND]XMHVWDWLVWLFN\
významné rozdíly mezi jednotlivými nalezišti (Rulf 1986: 244). Tento jev nelze
Y\VYWOLWSRGOHXYHGHQpKRDXWRUDDQLJHRJUDILFNêPLQHERFKURQRORJLFNêPLUR]GtO\
DQLUR]GtOQêPREVDKHPMHPQpDKUXEpNHUDPLN\DMHKRStþLQ\MHWHEDKOHGDW
KORXEMLYHVWUXNWXHGDQpDUFKHRORJLFNpNXOWXU\
-HGQR]PRåQêFKY\VYWOHQtO]HQDOp]WYUR]GtOQp~URYQLDGDSWDFHRE\YDWHO
MHGQRWOLYêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$QDRNROQtSURVWHGt/pSHDGDSWRYDQpRVtGOHQtVHPRKOR
YQRYDWWDNpYtFHþLQQRVWLNWHUiQHE\OD]FHODQH]E\WQiSUR]DMLãWQtREåLY\=HMPpQD
åHQ\NWHUpNHUDPLNXY\UiEO\DWDNp]GRELO\VHPRKO\WRXWRþLQQRVWt]DEêYDWDå
SRWRPFRVHXYROQLO\]MLQêFKQXWQMãtFKSUDFtMDNRREVWDUiYiQtSRWUDY\REGOiYiQt
SROtSpþHRGWLDGRPiFtKRVSRGiVWYt0QRåVWYtNHUDPLN\D]HMPpQD]GREHQp
NHUDPLN\E\PRKOREêWSRWRP~PUQpVWXSQLDGDSWDFHXUþLWpKRVSROH"HQVWYtQDVYRMH
QHMEOLåãtRNROt6WtPWRE\WDNpNRUHVSRQGRYDODQHMQLåãtKRGQRWD]GREHQtNHUDPLN\Y
SUYQtSLRQêUVNpIi]LRVtGOHQt-HWHEDSLSRPHQRXWåH]GREHQRVWNHUDPLN\E\ODMLVW
IXQNFtYtFHþLQLWHO$PLPRMLQpWDNpPHFKDQLVPX]DQHFKiYiQtRGSDGXEKHP
SHVWKRYiQtGRPXRulf 1993: 193DYO$E.
5.2.5. Výzdoba keramiky v kontextu zdobenosti v neolitu
-HQDQHMYêãSUDYGSRGREQpåHNHUDPLNDQHE\ODMHGLQêPSHGPWHPYLQYHQWiL
QHROLWLFNêFKGRPiFQRVWtNWHUêE\O]GREHQRUQDPHQW\3RGOHGRNODG$]
SHGRYêFKRGQtKRQHROLWXO]H]DQHM]GREHQMãtSORFK\SRNOiGDWYQLWQtDPRåQiL
YQMãtVWQ\GRP$=GREHQ\E\O\SDWUQLGUREQpSHGPW\GHYQpQiGRE\DRGY
1MDNpREþDVQpULWXiOQtPDORYiQtREOLþHMHQHERWODQHO]HWDNpY\ORXþLW
$UFKHRORJLFNpGRNODG\YWRPWRVPUX]FHODFK\EtDQHO]HRGSRYGWDQLQDRWi]NX
]GDYê]GREDU$]QêFKGUXK$DUWHIDNW$PODVKRGQêQHERUR]GtOQêVW\O9WRPWRVPUX
dovoluje zdobení keramiky jen neprokazatelné spekulace.
/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHMDNNROtVDOSRGtO]GREHQpNHUDPLN\QDMHGQRWOLYêFKQDOH]LãWtFK
WDNåHNROtVDOR]GREHQtLRVWDWQtFKSHGPW$$þNROLYO]HSLSXVWLWRSUiYQQRVW
JHQHUDOL]DFHåHQiGRE\E\O\]GREHQ\MDNROLGVNpWORDavid - Sterner - Gavua
1988QHQtWDNRYêWRMHGQR]QDþQêY]WDKYUiPFLVWHGRHYURSVNpKRQHROLWXStOLã
UHiOQê/pSHVLO]HSHGVWDYLWåHYê]GREDMHGQRWOLYêFKSHGPW$YþHWQOLGVNpKRWOD
POD]DVHERXYWpWRREODVWLGORXKRGREêYêYRMEKHPQKRåVHY\WYRLO\YtFHPpQ
RGOLãQp]S$VRE\RUQDPHQWDFH6YGþLOE\RWRPLSDWUQêYêYRMNHUDPLFNpYê]GRE\
NWHUiE\ODYQHMVWDUãtPVWXSQLERKDWãtFRGRNRPSRQHQWDOHRPH]HQMãtSRNXGVHWêNi
NYDQWLW\]GREHQêFKQiGRE3R]GMãtYêYRMOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\PiFKDUDNWHU
109
VWHUHRW\SLþQRVWL3HFKRGNY\StFKDQpNHUDPLFHYPODGãtPQHROLWXVMHGLQêP
VURYQDWHOQêPNRPSRQHQWHPNWHUêPMHNRONRYDQiDGDYSLFK$XND]XMHQDYêYRMEH]
VLOQMãtFKYQMãtFKLPSXOV$
5.3. Informativní obsah formálních kategorií
5.3.1. Genotypy výzdoby mezi fázemi
2EGREQMDNRVORåHQt]iNODGQtFKWYDU$YHIi]tFKE\ORSRYDåRYiQR]DSRVORXSQRVW
JHQRW\S$MHPRåQRKRGQRWLWLYêVN\W]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\DWRYNRPSR]LFL
VGUXKHP]GREHQpKR]ERåt7HFKQLFNiDOLQHiUQtSRStSDGUHOLpIQtYê]GREDVH
Y\VN\WXMtYUR]GtOQpPSRPUXQDMHPQpPDKUXEpP]ERåt1DMHPQpP]ERåtYêUD]Q
SHYOiGiOLQHiUQtQHERSODVWLFNiYê]GREDDWRYSU$EKXFHOpKRYêYRMH0QRåVWYt
WHFKQLFNpYê]GRE\QDMHPQpNHUDPLFHSHVDKXMHMHQYêMLPHþQFHONRYpKRREVDKX
Ii]t-HQYIi]LþLQtWHQWRSRGtOFHOêFK/LQHiUQtYê]GREDQDKUXEpNHUDPLFH
PtUQSHYDåXMHQDGWHFKQLFNRXEKHPDåIi]HSRþtQDMHIi]tVHWHQWRSRPU
REUDFt3RGtOWHFKQLFNpYê]GRE\QDKUXEpP]ERåtGRVDKXMHYQNROLNDIi]tFKDå
FHONRYpKRREVDKXYHYWãLQPODGãtFKIi]tYãDNNROtViRNRORREUD
Z celkem jednotného souboru genotypové výbavy zdobení, jak se projevuje ve
výskytu kompozitních kategorií ve fázích, vystupuje pouze vyšší podíl lineární
Yê]GRE\KUXEpNHUDPLN\YQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFK6WHMQêPSRPUHPVHY\ND]XMHWDNp
QHMPODGãtIi]H/LQHiUQ]GREHQiKUXEiNHUDPLNDY\WYitWDNWRGYDUR]GtOQp
genotypy, zatímco ostatní kategorie se jeví jako genotypicky jednotné v celém vývoji.
2EWtåQRVWYê]GRE\
7DNp]GREHQtQiGREStSDGQMHMLFKVSHFLiOQtSRYUFKRYi~SUDYDMDNRXE\OþHUYHQê
QiWUY\åDGRYDORXUþLWRXPDQXiOQt]UXþQRVW(WDSDYê]GRE\NHUDPLN\VHRGOLãXMHRG
HWDS\Y\WYiHQtDO]HMLSURWRRKRGQRWLWVDPRVWDWQêPVNyUH1HMQLåãtKRGQRWDMH
SLSViQD]KRWRYRYiQtþHUYHQpKRQiWUXVORåLWMãtE\ODWHFKQLFNiYê]GREDD
QHMREWtåQMãt]HMPOLQHiUQtYê]GRED7DY\åDGRYDODXUþLWRX]NXãHQRVWYUR]YUåHQt
RUQDPHQW$DSHGHYãtPYHYHGHQtQiVWURMHDE\OLQNDE\ODFRQHMSUDYLGHOQMãt
=GREHQtKUXEpNHUDPLN\O]HSRYDåRYDW]DVQDGQMãtQHå]GREHQtMHPQpKR]ERåt
Výsledkem vynásobení takto zvolených známek jsou koeficienty zdobení (tab.
$MLPLåVHKRGQRWtUHODWLYQtYêVN\W]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYNDåGpPNRPSOH[X
&HONRYêVRXþHWWDNWRRKRGQRFHQêFKYêVN\W$GiYiVNyUHYê]GRE\NWHUpFKDUDNWHUL]XMH
]GREHQRXNHUDPLNXYNDåGpPGRPREUD
2EWtåQRVW]GREHQtYV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[HFK
9DULDELOLWD]GREHQtPH]LVRXþDVQêPLNRPSOH[\MHY\ããtQHåPH]LMHGQRWOLYêPL
Ii]HPL6NyUH]GREHQtNROtViVWHMQMDNRVNyUHWYDU$PH]LD-HKR~URYHMH
YãDNYGRPHFKUHODWLYQY\ããtDSRK\EXMHVHRNRORFRåMHG$VOHGHNSHYDåXMtFt
lineární výzdoby, která byla ohodnocena nejvyšším koeficientem. Jen teoreticky je do
VNyUH]DKUQXWDNHUDPLNDVþHUYHQêPQiWUHPNWHUiE\ODGRORåHQDQNROLNDStSDG\
MHåUR]KRGQQHUHSUHVHQWXMtMHMtVNXWHþQêSRGtOYV\VWpPRYêFKNRQWH[WHFK
6URYQiQtPVNyUHREWtåQRVWLYê]GRE\VHVNyUHREWtåQRVWLWYDU$VHXNi]DORåHVHMHGQi
RGYQH]iYLVOpSURPQQpMHMLFKåNRUHODFHYUiPFLGRP$MHYHOPLQt]Ni5 9\VN\WXMtVHYVRXþDVQêFKGRPHFK]QDþQQHSUDYLGHOQDQHO]HQDMHMLFK]iNODG
IRUPXORYDWQMDNpSRGREQpQHERStEX]QpVNXSLQ\GRP$MDNRWRPXE\ORYStSDG
110
]iNODGQtFKWYDU$-HGQRWOLYpGRP\VHWHG\]KOHGLVNDSRXåtYiQtDYêURE\]GREHQêFK
QiGREFKRYDMtYHOPLLQGLYLGXiOQ
/]HNRQVWDWRYDWåHIHQRW\SLFNiYDULDELOLWD]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\MHYWãtQHå
]iNODGQtFKWYDU$NHUDPLN\-LåYWRPWRVURYQiQtVHSDWUQRGUiåtRGOLãQiUROHYê]GRE\
RSURWLDUWHIDNWXiOQt~OR]HWYDU$6NyUH]GREHQtE\PORUHSUHVHQWRYDWSHGHYãtP
VWXSHQiURþQRVWLNHUDPLFNpYê]GRE\YNDåGpPGRP0$åHWDNp]DFK\FRYDWLYHOPL
GHWDLOQtUR]GtO\YLQWHUDNFLRE\YDWHOGRPXVRNROtP5R]ãLXMHWDNSRKOHGQDVWUXNWXUX
VtGHOQtKRDUHiOX3RGREQE\O\NRQVWDWRYiQ\UR]GtO\PH]LYê]GREQêPLWHFKQLNDPLQD
~URYQLDQDOê]\XYQLWVtGOLãW(Rulf 1986: 235) (obr. 5.3.3.a.).
5.4. .ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKNDWHJRULtYê]GRE\YV\VWpPXREåLY\DGOE\
práce
5.4.1. Desén lineární keramiky
$NWLYQtSRVWRMNWYRUERUQDPHQWXVHSURMHYXMHYMHKRGHVpQX7YRUEDYê]GRE\
QH]iOHåtMHQQDLQGLYLGXiOQtFKVFKRSQRVWHFK]UXþQRVWLD]NXãHQRVWLåHQNWHUpVHQD
WpWRþLQQRVWLYQHROLWXSHGHYãtPSRGtOHO\5R]KRGRYiQtNHUDPLN$DNHUDPLþHNMHYH
YãHFKNXOWXUQtFKSURVWHGtFKSRGPtQQRORNiOQtPLVSROHþQVNêPL]Y\NORVWPL
WUDGLFHPLD]Y\N\3URWRåHYWRPWRStSDGQHQtSHGHPVSROHþHQVNpSURVWHGt]QiPR
GiVHMHQ]SWQLQWHUSUHWRYDW]XVSRiGiQtYê]GRE\DMHMtKRSURYiGQtMDNpE\O\
VSROHþHQVNpSRGPtQN\YE\ODQVNpPDUHiOXDDQDORJLFN\LQDFHOpPVWHGRHYURSVNpP
území této kultury.
3RþHWOLQHNQXPHULFLW\
3RPUQMHGQRGXFKpSULQFLS\OLQHiUQtYê]GRE\QHGiYDO\StOLãYHONêSURVWRUSUR
LQGLYLGXiOQtQiSDGLWRVW=QDþQiVWHUHRW\SLþQRVWVStãHGRNOiGiåHNXOWXUQtWUDGLFH
OLQHiUQtKRGHVpQXE\ODYHOPLVLOQiDMHKR]PQ\VSROHþHQVN\QHåiGRXFt1NROLN
JHQHUDFtYêUREF$XFKRYiYDORFHONHPPiORREViKOêUHMVWtN]iNODGQtFKQiPW$-HKR
UR]ãLRYiQtQHERGRSORYiQtMHVStãHYêMLPNRXFRåE\XND]RYDORQDVSROHþHQVNRX
QH~QRVQRVWWDNRYpKRSRþtQiQt7DWRNXOWXUQXUþRYDQiKUDQLFHYãDNQHE\OD
QHSHNURþLWHOQiDPRKODEêWSHNRQiQDMDNYWHFKQLNiFKGHVpQXWDNLYQNWHUêFKMHKR
znacích.
0H]LKODYQtWHFKQLNXGHVpQXO]HSRþtWDWSRþHWSDUDOHOQtFKOLQHN]QLFKåE\O\QiPW\
WYRHQ\&HONRYiWHQGHQFHYHVWHGRHYURSVNêFKQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFKVPRYDODNH
]PQRåRYiQtOLQHNFRåGRYRORYDORSRPUQMHGQRGXFKêPQiPWHPSRNUêWFHORX
VWQXQiGRE\'UXKRXYãHREHFQRXWHQGHQFtE\OSHFKRGRGMHGQRGXFKpKRU\GODN
YtFHKURWpPXQiVWURML7\SLFNpU\WtKHEHQHPMHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNRXWHFKQLNRXGHVpQX
MLåQDNHUDPLFHEXNRYRKRUVNpNXOWXU\NWHUiMHVOLQHiUQtSDUDOHOQt9HYêFKRGQt
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHY3RWLVtMHSRXåLWtGYRMKURWpKRNRONXEåQpDYQiVOHGQpSRWLVNp
NXOWXH]DXMtPiVWDQGDUGQtSRGtO9]iSDGRHYURSVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHVHYtFHKURWê
QiVWURMSURMHYLOSRSUYpDåYREGREtSR]GQtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\QDSY3RUêQt
V Bylanech je v rámci lineární výzdoby vícehrotý nástroj naprostou výjimkou.
=PQRåRYiQtOLQHNE\ORSURYiGQRSDUDOHOQtPU\WtPMHGQRGXFKêPU\GOHP=HGYRX
OLQHNY]QLNDODMDNSiVNDWDNLSURVWiGYRMOLQNDFRåQNG\QHO]HQD]ORPFtFKUR]OLãLW
]HMPpQDNG\åSiVNDQHE\ODGiOH]YêUD]QQDYSLFK\QHERPDORYiQtP
&KDUDNWHULVWLFNpMVRXWLSDUDOHOQtOLQN\YHGOHVHEHýW\LOLQN\MVRXMLåYêMLPNRXD
YtFHOLQHNVHSUDNWLFN\QHY\VN\WQH7DE$3HYDåXMtFtMHGQRWOLYpOLQLHQD
OLQHiUQ]GREHQpNHUDPLFHPRKRXEêWQDGKRGQRFHQ\SURWRåHQD]ORPFtFKQHO]H
111
QNG\UR]OLãLW]GDVHMHGQDORRMHGQRWOLYRXOLQLLQHERSiVNX9tFHQiVREQpDG\
SUVWRYêFKYU\S$XWHFKQLFNpKRRUQDPHQWXQHMVRXWDNpStOLãþDVWp
9DULDELOLWDSRþWXOLQHNMH]YtFHQHåWDE$VRXVWHGQDYNDWHJRULL
OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWX5$]QpNRPSRQHQW\Yê]GRE\VHYUiPFLSRþHWQRVWLY\VN\WXMt
QHURYQRPUQ9MHGQRWOLYêFKOLQNiFKSHYDåXMHSURVWiOLQLHDOLQLHVQRWDPLFRå
GRNOiGiåHREE\O\QHMREY\NOHMãtPLNRPSRQHQWDPLMDNYHVWDUãtPREGREtEH]QRW
WDNLSR]GMLNG\QRW\SHYDåRYDO\WDE%'YRMOLQNDMHQHMþDVWMãtXSiVN\
FRåY\SOêYi]GHILQLFHWpWRNRPSRQHQW\DOHPpQþDVWiMHYNRPELQDFLVQRWRYRX
OLQLt7HRUHWLFN\PRåQiSiVNDY\PH]HQiVNXWHþQRXNRONRYDQRXGYRMOLQNRXVHY
%\ODQHFKQHQDãOD7URMOLQNDSRGREQMDNRYtFHQiVREQpOLQLHSHYDåXMHYêUD]QX
MHGQRGXFKpNRPSRQHQW\1RWRYiOLQLHMHSURYHGHQDWLNUiWPpQþDVWRWURMOLQNRXD
GYDNUiWPpQþDVWRYtFHOLQNRX3RPUQþDVWiMHSiVND]HþW\OLQHNFRåMHSDWUQ
RYOLYQQRYê]GRERXQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ5R]GtO\YNYDQWLWDWLYQtFKKRGQRWiFKMVRX
statisticky významné (ch = 3361.02, df = 16, p = 0).
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDSRþHWQRVWLOLQHN
9DULDELOLWDSRþHWQRVWLOLQHNYþDVHQHQtStOLãYêUD]QiDOHSHFHMHQRPVHSURMHYXMt
XUþLWpFHONRYpWUHQG\5HODWLYQtYêVN\WMHGQRWOLYpOLQN\YþDVHQDU$VWiDSRK\EXMHVH
RGYIi]LDåSRYHIi]LNG\YUFKROt'YRMOLQNDPiRSDþQRX
NOHVDMtFtWHQGHQFLRGYIi]LDåSRYHIi]L9WRPWRYêYRMLVH
projevuje celkový trend ustupující pásky a svazku linií v nejstarším období k
MHGQRWOLYU\WpYê]GREPODGãtKRVWXSQ/Q.
2EWHFKQLN\GHVpQXO]HWHG\SRYDåRYDW]DNRPSOHPHQWiUQt]KOHGLVNDFKURQRORJLFNp
YDULDELOLW\5HODWLYQtYêVN\WYtFHOLQHNQHQtNYDQWLWDWLYQStOLãYê]QDPQê-HQ
WURMOLQN\GRVDKXMtYHVWDUãtPVWXSQLYêUD]QMãtFKKRGQRWWDE$8YHGHQp
KRGQRW\QHO]HMHGQR]QDþQY]WDKRYDWNV\VWpPRYpPXNRQWH[WXSURWRåHMHGQRWOLYp
OLQN\MVRX]HMPSHFHQQ\QD~NRUYãHFKRVWDWQtFKGUXK$Yê]GRE\+ODYQtStþLQRX
MHQHSRFK\EQ]ORPNRYLWRVWQiOH]$
5.4.4. Tvar linek (linearity)
9êUD]QêPSURMHYHPOLQHiUQtKRGHVpQX]$VWiYiWYDUOLQLH]QtåMHY\WYRHQStVOXãQê
PRWLY7HQVHVNOiGiWHRUHWLFN\MHQ]StPêFK]DNLYHQêFKQHERNRPELQRYDQêFK
OLQLt9þHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHE\ORMLåGtYH]MLãWQRåHSRPUNLYRþDUpD
StPRþDUpYê]GRE\MH]KUXEDVWHMQêDPRWLY\RGOLãXMtFtVHMHQWYDUHPOLQN\QHLQGLNXMt
regionální rozdíly (Rulf 1993: 9EDYRUVNpDQL]R]HPVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHQHSDWt
NYêUD]QVHSURMHYXMtFtPFKURQRORJLFNêPWUHQG$P(Van de Velde 1979: 65).
*HQHUiOQtYêYRMRYêWUHQGVPXMHNSHYD]HStPRþDUpYê]GRE\.HVWHMQpPX
SHFKRGXGRãORYQNROLNDVRXVHGQtFKQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUiFKDOHYU$]QpPSRDGt9
UiPFLYêFKRGQtþiVWLQRWRYpREODVWLOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\NWRPXWRMHYXGRãORQHMGtYH
äHOLH]RYVNiVNXSLQDY\ND]XMHSRPUQGREHVOHGRYDWHOQêSHFKRGNStPRþDUp
Yê]GRE(Pavúk 1994: SLþHPå]$VWDO\]DFKRYiQ\S$YRGQtQiPW\SHGHYãtP
HVRYLWiVSLUiOD9HYWãLQREODVWtMHSRGREQêSHFKRGFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXNXOWXUQt
]PQ\-HWRPXWDNY3RWLVtQDSHFKRGXYêFKRGQtDOI|OGVNpOLQHiUQtDSRWLVNp
keramiky, u nás se vznikem vypíchané keramiky, ale i v západních oblastech, kde
SR]GQtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLND]FHOD]WUiFtNLYRþDUpQiPW\
9E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXMHNLYRþDURXOLQLt&8UYLOLQHDUSURYiGQDQHMYtFHNDWHJRULH
OLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXWDE$D7RWpåSODWtRStPRþDUpYê]GRELNG\åWDWRMH
SRPUQþDVWiLQDWHFKQLFNpYê]GRE9UiPFLYãHFKNDWHJRULtSHYDåXMHStPRþDUê
112
5(FWLOLQHDUGHVpQDWRLWHKG\MHOLMDNRQHUR]KRGQiRGGOHQDYê]GREDOLQLtSRG
RNUDMHP/LQHXQGHU5LPNWHUiMHYåG\5(EH]RKOHGXQDWYDURYiQtKODYQtKR
PRWLYX3RPUStPRþDUpKRDNLYRþDUpKRGHVpQXMH]KUXEDGYNXMHGQpDþNROLY
MLQGHEêYiXYiGQSRPU]KUXEDMHGQDNXMHGQpVan de Velde 1979&HONRYY\ããt
SRGtO5(GHVpQXMHGiQYWRPWRStSDGWDNp]DSRþtWiQtPWHFKQLFNpYê]GRE\NWHUi
WYRtY%\ODQHFKWpPYêOXþQStPRþDUpY]RU\
5.4.5. Chronologická variabilita tvaru linek
$þNROLYYFHONRYpPVRXþWXSHYOiGiStPRþDUiOLQLHQDGNLYRþDURXQHE\OWHQWR
SRPUY\MiGHQêMHGQRGXFKêPLQGH[HPYSU$EKXRVtGOHQtWUYDOê,QGH[NROtVi
SRQHMYtFHRNRORKRGQRW\WDE$DYãDNYQNROLNDQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFK
SHVDKXMHIi]H1HMQLåãtFKKRGQRWSRGGRVDKXMHYD
Ii]LMDNRNG\E\VHEKHPYêYRMHE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWQNROLNUiWSURMHYLODVLOQMãt
WHQGHQFHNStPRþDUpYê]GRE9åG\E\OSRGtONLYRþDUêFKGHVpQ$]QRYXY\URYQiQ
SHVWRåHMHMLFKY\WYiHQtE\ORMLVWREWtåQMãt&HONRYpUR]SWtLQGH[XNWHUêSRSLVXMH
WYDUYê]GRE\VHSRK\EXMHPH]LDåSRYIi]L
3RþHWOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPUiPXMtFtFKYê]GREX
'DOãt]FKDUDNWHULVWLNGHVpQXWYRt]DUiPRYiQtKODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXOLQLHPLNWHUpMVRX
QHMþDVWMLXPtVWQ\SRGRNUDMHP0RKRXVHWDNpY\VN\WRYDWQDGHGQHPDOHWDPMVRX
VStãHYêMLPHþQpREMHYXMHVHQHMYêãMHGQDWDNRYiOLQLH3RGRNUDMHPVHQDRSDNSRþHW
OLQHNY\VN\WXMHDVLYSRORYLQStSDG$DMHGRSOQQQXORYêPRUiPRYiQtPýHVNi
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLNDQH]QiSRGUREQMãtYHUWLNiOQtDQLKRUL]RQWiOQtþOHQQtKODYQt
Yê]GRE\SRX]HYPODGãtPYêYRMLVHY\VN\WXMtEåQPRWLY\SHGHYãtPNOLNDWHN
NWHUpMVRXGOHQ\OLQLHPL7\WRGOtFtOLQLHYãDNQHWYRtVDPRVWDWQiYê]GREQiSROH
MDNRMHWRPXQDStNODGYHYêFKRGQtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHY3RWLVtNGHVWHMQpXVSRiGiQt
RUQDPHQWXSHWUYiYiLGRSR]GMãtKRREGREtNXOWXU\7LV]D
/LQN\SRGRNUDMHPPDMtYþHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHMHãWGDOãtYODVWQRVWNWHURXMH
WHFKQLNDMHMLFKSURYHGHQt7DVH]GHYQDSURVWpYWãLQStSDG$VKRGXMHVWHFKQLNRX
KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWX7tPVHOLãtRG]S$VREXSURYHGHQtWRKRWR]QDNXMDNYPRUDYVNp
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHWDN]HMPpQDRG]iSDGQtFKREODVWtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\9ýHFKiFKVH
W\WRUR]GtO\SURMHYXMtQDStNODGQD3O]HVNX1D0RUDYEêYDMtOLQN\SRGRNUDMHP
GRSORYiQ\QRWDPLYDGQDGVHERXDWRþDVWREH]RKOHGXQDWRMDNMVRXQRW\
XVSRiGiQ\QDKODYQtYê]GRE&KRYDMtVH]KOHGLVNDWHFKQLN\RUQDPHQWXVMLVWêP
]SRåGQtPMHVWOLåHKODYQtRUQDPHQWMHMLåSURYHGHQOLQLtVKXVWêPLQRWDPL9
porýnské oblasti lineární keramiky se linky pod okrajem chovají naopak s jistým
SHGVWLKHPDYêYRMWHFKQLNSURYHGHQtYê]GRE\VHQDQLFKSURMHYXMHGtYHQHåQD
KODYQtPRUQDPHQWX7RMHSDWUQpSHGHYãtPYQiVWXSXDG\MHGQRWOLYêFKYSLFK$QHER
G$ON$NWHUpVHYWpWRREODVWLREMHYXMtYHOPLEU]RMLåEKHPVWHGQtKRVWXSQ
=PQRåRYiQtOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPMHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNpSHGHYãtPSUROLQHiUQtYê]GREX
WDE$D9MHMtPUiPFLSHYDåXMHVWHMQMDNRYHVSRMHQtVSODVWLFNRXYê]GRERX
SURYHGHQtKODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXEH]OLQHNSRGRNUDMHPWDE$E3RPUQþDVWi
MHMHGQDOLQNDSRGRNUDMHPXQiGREVWHFKQLFNêPRUQDPHQWHPVORåHQêP]RWLVN$
SUVW$9UiPFL]iNODGQtFKNRPSRQHQWSURVWpOLQLHDOLQLHVQRWDPLMHUR]ORåHQtWRKRWR
]QDNXYtFHPpQVKRGQpWDE%/LãtVHXSiVN\NGHMHUHODWLYQPpQStSDG$
EH]RNUDMRYpOLQN\DXDGMHGQRWOLYêFKYSLFK$NGHSHYOiGDMtGYDG\DYtFH
113
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDSRþWXOLQHNSRGRNUDMHP
-HGQDOLQNDSRGRNUDMHPQHSHVDKXMHYQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFKSRNXG]QLFKSRFKi]t
QDGSUDKRYêSRþHW]ORPN$RNUDM$!7LOLQN\VHREMHYtMLåYDIi]LDYãDN]GH
E\O\SDWUQ]DPQQ\]DWURMOLQNRYRXSiVNXDPO\E\EêWSRþtWiQ\MHQMDNRMHGQD
WDE$-DNRRUJDQLFNiVRXþiVWVRXERU$QDVWXSXMtGYOLQN\Y%\ODQHFKRG
Ii]HDWLOLQN\StSDGQYtFHOLQHNDåRGIi]H=PQRåRYiQtOLQHNO]HSRYDåRYDW
YHYêYRMRYpSRVORXSQRVWL]DSURJUHVLYQtMHYSLþHPåYãDNVWiOH]KUXEDSRORYLQD
]GREHQêFKQiGRE]$VWiYiEH]OLQHNSRGRNUDMHP0LQLPXPYHIi]L
SLSDGiWDNpVStãHQD~NRUQt]NpKRSRþWXQiOH]$YWpWRIi]L
2KUDQLþRYiQtKODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXQDRNUDMLDQDGHGQHPGRXUþLWpKRSiVXRNROR
YêGXWQiGRE\VHY\YLQXORVUR]YRMHPREåQpKRVW\OXOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXDPRKOR
PtWLVYRMHYFQpG$YRG\%\ORE\PRåQpSLVRXGLWOLQNiP~ORKXQMDNpKR
Y\PH]RYiQtEH]SHþQp]yQ\SURQDSOQQtQiGRE\YLGLWHOQp]YQMãtVWUDQ\DYãDN
åiGQiPHQtNWHUiE\WRPODSURNi]DWQHE\OD]DWtPSURYHGHQD-LQêPG$YRGHPE\
PRKOREêWRGGORYiQtXåLWNRYp]yQ\RNUDMHRGV\PEROLFNp]yQ\]GREHQpVWQ\NWHUi
POD]$VWDWQHGRWþHQD1DRSDNXåLWNRYi]yQDRNUDMHE\YG$VOHGNXWRKR]$VWDODþLVWi
RGStSDGQêFKGDOãtFKYUVWHYQDQiãHQêFKQDSRGNODGRYpU\Wt
5.5. ,GHQWLILNDFHVSROHþHQVNêFKVNXSLQYUiPFLNRPSOH[$SRGOHYê]GRE\
5.5.1. Numericita a linearita v prostoru fází
=iNODGQtREUD]RFKRYiQtWHFKQLND]QDN$GHVpQXSRGiYiUR]ORåHQtMHMLFKMHGQRWOLYêFK
VWDY$YSURVWRUXIi]tDNRPSOH[$6SRMHQtPWYDUXStPRþDUiNLYRþDUiOLQLHDSRþWX
OLQHNMHGQDGYWLDYtFHY]QLNiãHVWSDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGGHVpQXNWHUp
GRSOXMH]PHQãtFK]ORPN$RNUDM$GHVpQSRGRNUDMHPMHå]DKUQXMH]GHILQLFHMHQ
StPRþDUpOLQLH8Ni]DORVHåHYWRPWRVURYQiQtSRVOHGQtWtGDKUDMHQHXWUiOQtUROL
1DSUYQtRVHSURVWRUXYNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]HYDULDELOLW\VWRMtSURWLVREV
PtUQ]iSRUQêPLNRHILFLHQW\MHGQRWOLYpOLQLHEH]RKOHGXQDWYDUQDMHGQpVWUDQD
GYRMLWpOLQLHDSiVNDNWHUpPDMtPtUQNODGQpNRHILFLHQW\QDVWUDQGUXKp2GQLFKVH
YêUD]QRGOLãXMtYtFHQiVREQpOLQLH7HQWRIDNWRUSHGVWDYXMHSRþHWQRVWOLQHNGHVpQX
NWHUiVþDVHPXEêYi6RXYLVOpKRSRNU\WtVWQ\QiGRE\E\ORYPODGãtFKIi]tFK
GRVDKRYiQRQiVREHQtPPRWLY$1DGUXKpRVHMVRXY]WDK\SRGREQpDYãDN
SRPUMHGQRWOLYêFKD]GYRMHQêFKOLQLtMHRSDþQê1DWHWtRVHVHOLãtWYDU
PpQSRþHWQêFKOLQLtDWYDUYtFHSRþHWQêFKOLQLtDYtFH9KRGQêNRQWUDVW
SRVN\WXMHSURWRXVSRiGiQtSRGOHRV\SHGVWDYXMtFtVHVNXSRYiQtOLQLtGRSiV$D
RV\NWHUiREVDKXMHYODVWQtWYDUOLQLt9WRPWRSURVWRUXVHRGGOXMtVWDUãtIi]H
UR]SWêOHQpRNRORRVWDWQtFKNWHUpWYRtWpPMHGQROLWRXVNXSLQX2EUD6WDUãt
Ii]HO]HMHãWUR]GOLWSRGOHSHYOiGDMtFtKRWYDUXOLQLtQDIi]HVSHYDKRX
YtFHQiVREQêFKStPRþDUêFKOLQLtDIi]HVSHYDKRXYtFHQiVREQêFK
NLYRþDUêFKOLQLtDVQHMY\ããtPNRQWUDVWHPKRGQRWPH]LDIi]tREU
5.5.1.a.).
1XPHULFLWDDOLQHDULWDYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$Ii]H
3URWRåHYDULDELOLWD]HMPpQDPH]LPODGãtPLIi]HPLQHQtStOLãYHOLNiMHWHEDSRVRXþLW
MHãWYDULDELOLWXV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[$XYQLWIi]t9êVOHGN\XND]XMtåHVH~ORKD
WYDUXDSRþWXOLQHNPQt7R]QDPHQiåHSURYHGHQtGHVpQXSRGOpKDOREKHPYêYRMH
XUþLWêPSURPQiPNWHUpMHQXWQRSLSVDWPQtFtVHVSROHþHQVNp~OR]HYê]GRE\9
QHMVWDUãtVNXSLQIi]tNRQWUDVWXMHQDSUYQtRVHNODGQpVNyUHMHGQRWOLYp
114
StPRþDUpOLQLHD]iSRUQpVNyUHGYRMLWpNLYRþDUpOLQLH'UXKiRVDMH
REGREQiGUXKpRVHYSURVWRUXIi]tDWHWtRVDMHVQtDQDORJLFNiYRSDþQpP
SRiGNX9SURVWRUXDRV\VSDGiYWãLQDNRPSOH[$REUDSRGLGãtOLQLH
(A), menší skupina pod hustší linie (B).
9HVWHGQtVNXSLQIi]tQHQtWYDUDSRþHWOLQHNQDMHGQRWOLYêFKRViFKQLMDN
MHGQR]QDþQUR]OLãHQ1DSUYQtRVHVHRGGOXMH]iSRUQêPVNyUHMHGQRWOLYi
linie bez ohledu na tvar a kladným skóre dvojitá linie. Kladné skóre vykazují také
YtFHQiVREQpOLQLH1DGUXKpDWHWtRVHMHYtFH]G$UD]QQWYDUOLQLtY
U$]QpNRPELQDFLLVSRþWHPOLQHN9SURVWRUXDRV\NWHUiRGSRYtGi
QHMOpSHOLQHDULWE\E\ORPRåQRRGGOLWNRPSOH[\REUDYQLFKåSHYOiGi
GHVpQSURYHGHQêMHGQRWOLYêPLOLQLHPL$DNRPSOH[\YQLFKåMHSURYiGQSHYDKRX
dvojitými nebo vícenásobnými liniemi (B).
9HVNXSLQPODGãtFKIi]tRGGOXMHSUYQtRVDGYRMLWpOLQLHNODGQêP
VNyUHRGMHGQRWOLYêFKOLQLtVH]iSRUQêPVNyUHDRGSRYtGiQXPHULFLW9tFHQiVREQp
OLQLHMVRXNQLPYRSDþQpPSRPUXSLþHPåYtFHQiVREQpNLYRþDUpOLQLHPDMtYêUD]Q
NODGQpVNyUH'UXKiRVDPiSRGREQpXVSRiGiQtMHQYtFHQiVREQpOLQLHMVRX
YSHYUiFHQpPSRVWDYHQt3RGOH]iSRUQêFKVNyUHStPRþDUêFKOLQLtRGSRYtGiWDWRRVD
OLQHDULW9SURVWRUXSUYQtDGUXKpRV\VHGDMtY\þOHQLWGYVNXSLQ\NRPSOH[$REU
D3UYQtSRþHWQMãtSHGVWDYXMHGHVpQSURYHGHQêSHYDKRXMHGQRWOLYêPLOLQLHPL
$DGUXKiGHVpQSURYiGQêSHYDKRXYtFHQiVREQêPLOLQLHPL%
=PQ\VSROHþHQVNpKRYQtPiQtOLQHiUQtKRGHVpQX
9SU$EKXFHOpKRYêYRMHE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWMHSURYiGQtOLQHiUQtKRGHVpQXYQtPiQR
LQGLYLGXiOQYNDåGpPGRP2GYLVtWHG\]HMPRGNRQNUpWQtKRVORåHQtRE\YDWHO
GRPXDWRQHMVStãHYHY]WDKXNMHMLFKYNRYpPXDURGRYpPXXVNXSHQt3URWRåHVH
WRWRWDNpEKHPH[LVWHQFHGRPXPQLORPQLODVHQHSRFK\EQLVHVWDYDNHUDPLFNp
Yê]GRE\QDVRXERUXQiGRENWHUpE\O\YGDQpPRNDPåLNXYSRXåtYiQt9VRXKUQX
NWHUêMHDUFKHRORJLFN\SR]RURYDWHOQêGRFKi]tSRWRPNXUþLWpPXY\URYQiYiQtUR]GtO$
DY\WYRHQtMDNpVLXPOHSU$PUQpVNODGE\3HVWRVHXNi]DORåHYQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFK
VHYê]QDPQSURMHYXMHUR]GtOPH]LDSOLNDFtMHGQRGXFKpDYtFHQiVREQpOLQLHYU$]Qp
NRPELQDFLVNLYRþDURXDStPRþDURXOLQLt3RGREQêUR]GtOMHSDWUQêLYNRPSOH[HFK
PODGãtFKIi]t.RPSOH[\]HVWHGQtFKIi]tNWHUpSHGVWDYXMtNODVLFNpREGREtOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLN\VHRGOLãXMtYtFHSRþWHPOLQLt2EGREDSRMtPiQtWYDUXOLQLHYUiPFLVWDUãtFK
VWHGQtFKDPODGãtFKIi]tQHPiSDWUQVWHMQRXStþLQXSURWRåHYHVWDUãtFKVHMHGQiR
MHGQRWOLYpUHDOLVWLþWMãtQiPW\SR]GMLRDEVWUDKRYDQMãtGHVpQ
3RGOHSRGtOXMHGQRWOLYêFKW\S$QXPHULFLW\GHVpQXVHYHYãHFKIi]tFKMHGQRWOLYp
NRPSOH[\GRP$GOtGRGYRXVNXSLQ9SUYQt$SHYDåXMtMHGQRGXFKpOLQLHYH
VWDUãtFKIi]tFKL]GYRMHQpUHNWLOLQHiUQtGHVpQ\'RGUXKpVNXSLQ\%QiOHåtGRP\V
SHYDKRXYtFHQiVREQêFKOLQLt5R]GOHQtGRP$GRWFKWRGYRXVNXSLQYUiPFL
V\QFKURQQtFKNRPSOH[$YHIi]tFKQHGiYiåiGQpQiSDGQSUDYLGHOQpXVSRiGiQt3URWR
]$VWiYiVSROH"HQVNRHNRQRPLFNiLQWHUSUHWDFHQXPHULFLW\GHVpQX]DWtPQHMDVQi3RGtO
GRP$GUXKpVNXSLQ\VHQHYêUD]Q]Y\ãXMHQDSRþiWNXREQRYHQtQHERSRVXQX
VWDYHEQtFKDUHiO$-DNRE\VH]PQRåRYiQtPOLQLtYêUREFLVQDåLOLXU\FKOLWSURYHGHQt
GHVpQXYGRENG\E\ORQDYêUREXNHUDPLN\PpQþDVXQHåMLQG\REUD
115
5.5.6. Znaková hodnota tvaru lineárního desénu
%LSRODULWDStPRþDUpKRDNLYRþDUpKRGHVpQXMHY\NOiGiQDMDNRSURMHYUR]GOHQt
QHROLWLFNpVSROHþQRVWLQDVNXSLQ\SRGOHURGXY\SOêYDMtFt]GXDOLW\PDWULOLQHiUQt
SRVORXSQRVWLäHQ\QDMHGQpVWUDQGHILQRYDO\S$YRGSRWRPVWYDPXåLVHQDGUXKp
VWUDQSLSRMRYDOLNURGXVYêFKåHQSRGOHSULQFLS$H[RJDPLH7HQWRYêNODGMH
GRNOiGiQUR]ORåHQtPQiGREVStPRþDURXQHERNLYRþDURXYê]GRERXQDSRKHELãWLY
Elsloo (Van de Velde 1979: 6SROHþHQVWYtRE\YDWHONXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
RGYR]RYDORVY$MS$YRGSRPDWHVNpOLQLLPDWULOLQHDOGHVFHQWDOHXVtGORYDORVHY
PtVWQDUR]HQtPXå$YLULORFDOUHVLGHQFHMDNO]HVRXGLWSRGOHDQDOê]\NHUDPLN\]H
VtGOLã"DSRKHELã"Van de Velde 1979: 171).
0XåLE\OLSURWRSRKEtYiQLVSROXVYêEDYRXSRFKi]HMtFtMDN]HVWUDQ\SRNUHYQtKR
StEX]HQVWYDWDNL]HVWUDQ\Y\åHQQpKRStEX]HQVWYD7RVHSDNSURMHYXMHYH
VWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpPYêVN\WXNRPELQRYDQpKRGHVpQXYPXåVNêFKKUREHFK]DWtPFR
YþHQVNêFKKUREHFKSHYOiGiMHGQRGXFKêGHVpQEXWRUHNWLOLQHiUQtQHERNXUYLOLQHiUQt
(Van de Velde 1979: 195, Tabs. 39, 40).
3RQNXGMLQiVLWXDFHVHSURMHYXMHYVtGHOQtPRGSDGX9þHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHVH
málokdy vyskytuje kombinace rektilineárního a kurvilineárního desénu v hlavním
RUQDPHQWXMHGQpQiGRE\6NLYRþDUêPSURYHGHQtPKODYQtKRPRWLYXVHP$åHDOH
NRPELQRYDWStPRþDUêGRSONRYêHOHPHQW3RNXGE\KODYQtNLYRþDUiYê]GREDE\OD
LQWHUSUHWRYiQDMDNRLQGH[PXåVNpKRHOHPHQWXYGRPHFKSRWRPE\Y\ããtKRGQRW\
VLJQDOL]RYDO\MHKRQDGE\WHNDQLåãtKRGQRW\QDRSDN-HQYHVWDUãtPVWXSQLE\W\WR
~GDMHORJLFN\RGSRYtGDO\SHGSRNOiGDQêP]PQiPYHIi]tFK9Ii]LMHWRQiVWXS
osídlení sY\ããtPSRGtOHPNLYRþDUpYê]GRE\YHDIi]L]PQ\VWDYHQLã"
sY\URYQDQêPSRGtOHPWYDUXGHVpQXYIi]LRSWVY\ããtPSRGtOHPNLYRþDUpKR
GHVpQXSHGSRVXQHPQDMLQpPtVWRWDE$9PODGãtPREGREtQDRSDNYH
Ii]tFK]PQQHERWVQSHGWtPMHSRGtONLYRþDUpYê]GRE\QLåãt9]WDKWYDUXOLQLHD
URGRYpKRVORåHQtSRSXODFHQHO]HSURWRY\ORXþLW,QGH[NLYRþDUpDStPRþDUpYê]GRE\
YSURVWRUXIi]tE\SRWRPPRKOEêW~GDMHPRNROtViQtURGRYpKRVORåHQtFHOpSRSXODFH
bylanského osídlení.
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDSRþWXOLQHNSRGRNUDMHP
=PQ\YSRþWXOLQHNE\O\GRSRVXGXYDåRYiQ\]KOHGLVNDFKURQRORJLFNêFK]PQD
VOHGRYiQDWHQGHQFH]PQRåRYiQtWFKWROLQHNYPODGãtFKREGREtFK7HQWR
FKURQRORJLFNêWUHQGVHSURMHYXMHSHGHYãtPYPRUDYVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFH7DNpY
Bylanech linky pod okrajem chybí v nejstarších fázích, avšak v následujícím vývoji
MHMLFKSRþHWQHQDU$VWiOLQHiUQ2NUDMHEH]OLQHNVHXGUåXMtRNRORSU$PUXY
FHOpPGDOãtPSU$EKXWDE$
-HGQX]PRåQRVWtYêNODGXPQtFtFKVHSRþW$OLQHNSRGRNUDMHPE\PRKODSRVN\WRYDW
K\SRWp]DRYNXNHUDPLþHNYGRE]GREHQtQiGRE3tNODGHPYD]E\SRþHWQRVWL
Yê]GREQêFKSiV$DYNXYêUREF$MHVRXGREpVWXGLXPNHUDPLN\.DOLQJD-HMLFKSRþW\
MVRXY\PH]HQ\LQIRUPDFtVGtOHQRXYHVNXSLQY]iMHPQVSROXSUDFXMtFtFKNHUDPLþHN
(Graves 1985: 9StSDGNHUDPLN\]RVDG\'DQJWDODQQD)LOLStQiFKE\OD
VOHGRYiQDYtFHUR]PUQiNRUHODFHPH]LSRþWHPYê]GREQêFKSiV$QDSRGKUGOtQiGRE
YHOLNRVWtQiGREDYNHPDXWRU$Yê]GRE\1HE\O]MLãWQåiGQêStPêY]WDKN
StEX]HQVNêPVNXSLQiPDSRPU\XYQLWMHGQRWOLYêFKSUDFRYQtFKVNXSLQVHOLãLO\9
QNWHUêFK]QLFKPODGãtNHUDPLþN\SRXåtYDO\YtFHSiV$QHåVWDUãt3RþHWSiV$MHWDNp
UHODWLYQY\ããtQDYHONêFKQiGREiFKQHåQDPHQãtFKGraves 1985: 18).
116
9QDãLFKSRGPtQNiFKO]HVOHGRYDWVDPR]HMPMHQDUFKHRORJLFNp]QDN\DWRMHãWY
XUþLWpPVRXKUQXQLNROLYSRGOHMHGQRWOLYêFKYêUREF$QHERXåLYDWHO$6LWXDFHY
NDåGpPMHGQRWOLYpPGRPE\OD]DMLVWpRGOLãQiSHVWRPRKRX~GDMHRYêVN\WXOLQHN
SRGRNUDMHPYHY]WDKXNHWYDUXOLQLtSRVWLKRYDWFHONRYêREUD]-HVWOLåHE\VH]D
SRþWHPOLQHNVNUêYDORYNRYpVORåHQtYêUREF$QiGRED]DWYDUHPOLQHNURGMHMLFK
XåLYDWHO$SRWRPE\SHYDKDYê]GRE\EH]OLQHNSRGRNUDMHPXND]RYDODQDSHYDKX
GRVSOêFKDVWDUãtFKNHUDPLþHNWDE$D9FHONRYpPVRXþWXE\åHQVNê
HOHPHQWUHNWLOLQHiUQtPtUQSHYDåRYDOWDE$ENXMDNE\VH
RþHNiYDORSURFHONRYpVORåHQtSRSXODFH9êUREXWFKWRQiGREE\]DMLã"RYDO\VStãH
PODGãtNHUDPLþN\YUiPFLXþHQtVHStSDGQSURSRWHE\YODVWQtKRGRPX
5.6. ,QIRUPDþQtREVDKYê]GRE\]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\DGLVNRQWLQXLW\
LQWHUDNFHVSROHþHQVNêFKVNXSLQ
/LQN\SRGRNUDMHPYSURVWRUXNRPSOH[$GRP$
3RþHWOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPVHYUiPFLMHGQRWOLYêFKNRPSOH[$GRP$Y\]QDþXMHYHONRX
YDULDELOLWRX.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DYWRPWRSURVWRUXXND]XMHQDVLOQêYOLYQHMHQ
SUYQtKRDOHLGDOãtFKIDNWRU$1DSUYQtRVHYDULDELOLW\VH]HWHOQVHVNXSXMt
SRþW\OLQHNVNOHVDMtFtPYê]QDPHPMHMLFKY\ããtKRSRþWX1DGUXKpRVH
YDULDELOLW\DWHWtRVHYDULDELOLW\MH~VWHGQtPSUYNHPåiGQiOLQNDSRG
RNUDMHP1DGUXKpRVHPDMtNODGQpKRGQRW\VNyUHPHQãtSRþW\OLQHN]iSRUQp
KRGQRW\Y\ããtSRþW\OLQHNDYtFH1DWHWtRVHVHRGGOXMtNODGQOLFKpSRþW\
OLQN\RGVXGêFKSRþW$OLQN\.RPSOH[\O]HGOLW]KUXEDSRGOHMHMLFKSRVWDYHQt
YNYDGUDQWHFK]REUD]HQtDRV\QDGRP\VSHYDKRXVXGêFKSRþW$OLQHNStSDGQ
EH]OLQHNDGRP\VSHYDKRXOLFKêFKSRþW$OLQHNSRGRNUDMHP
-HVWOLåHE\E\OSUYQtIDNWRULQWHUSUHWRYiQYVRXYLVORVWLVNOHVDMtFtPYNHPNHUDPLþHN
FK\EtSURUR]OLãHQtVXGpKRDOLFKpKRSRþWXOLQHNYHDIDNWRUXORJLFNpY\VYWOHQt
3RGtONRPSOH[$VSHYDKRXVXGpKRSRþWXOLQHNStSDGQEH]OLQHNNROtViYUiPFL
Ii]t9QHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFKYODVWQOLQN\FK\EtVWHMQWDNLYHIi]LD9DGIi]tMH
SRGtOWDNRYêFKWRNRPSOH[$Qt]NêRNROR±YãHFKVWDYHE1DRSDNYMLQêFK
Ii]tFKMHMHMLFKSRGtO±GRP$9Ii]LREVDKXMt
YãHFKQ\NRPSOH[\SHYDKRXVXGêSRþHWOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPQHERåiGQRX7DWRIi]HVH
YêUD]QOLãtRGRVWDWQtFKWDNpYSURVWRUXPRWLY$YL]QtåHNDS3RVWDYHQt
WDNRYêFKWRNRPSOH[$QHQtWXGtå]FHODQiKRGQpDOH]DWtPQHNRUHVSRQGXMHVåiGQêP
GDOãtPSUYNHPDQHO]HMHMWDNpY\VYWOLW]L]RORYDQpKRVHVNXSRYiQt3HYDKDOLFKêFKD
VXGêFKSRþW$OLQHNSRGRNUDMHPY\WYitGYSDUDOHOQtDSURPQOLYpDG\NRPSOH[$
NWHUpSUREtKDMtSHVFHOêYêYRMVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXY%\ODQHFKREUD
.RQWLQXLWDGRSONRYpKRRUQDPHQWX
6RXþiVWtFHOpKRGHVpQXMHYþHVNpOLQHiUQtNHUDPLFHGRSONRYêRUQDPHQWQHMþDVWML
XPLV"RYDQêYKRUQtPYROQpPSROLPH]LPRWLY\KODYQtYê]GRE\0pQþDVWRVH
vyskytne v dolním poli a v bylanském souboru prakticky chybí na jinde obvyklých
PtVWHFK]HMPpQDXSURVWHGPRWLY$QHERPH]LQLPL3RGREQpGRSONRYpRUQDPHQW\
jsou spíše vzácné na moravské lineární keramice, v západních oblastech Porýní jsou
QDRSDNYHOPLKRMQp-HMLFKSRXåtYiQtY%\ODQHFKVHYPODGãtFKIi]tFKVWiYiSRYLQQpD
WDNpMHMLFKYDULDQW\VHUR]ãLXMt=iNODGQtQiPW\YãDNWUYDMtSRFHORXGREXYêVN\WX
SRþtQDMHIi]t=YWãtþiVWLNRUHVSRQGXMtQiPW\GRSONRYpKRRUQDPHQWXV
QHMVWDUãtPLPRWLY\KODYQtYê]GRE\6HPSDWtSHGHYãtP~VHþN\QHERVNXSLQ\~VHþHN
MHGQRWOLYpYSLFK\DREORXþN\8VSRMRYDQpSR]GMLGRJLUODQG\6DPRVWDWQêP
117
SURMHYHPGRSONRYêFKRUQDPHQW$MH9QHERSiVNRYp9DWRWpåSURYHGHQpNLYRþDURX
OLQLt=KODYQtFKPRWLY$FK\Et]FHODYGRSONRYpSR]LFLVSLUiODDMHMtYDULDQW\-HQ
NLYRþDUp9E\PRKOREêWFKiSiQRWDNpMDNRXUþLWi]NUDWND$VSLUiO\
1iGRE\]GREHQpGRSONRYêPRUQDPHQWHPVHQHY\VN\WXMtURYQRPUQYHYãHFK
NRPSOH[HFK9UiPFLMHGQpIi]HVHYãDNW\WpåQiPW\PRKRXRSDNRYDWYU$]QêFK
GRPHFK.YDQWLWDWLYQMHMLFKSRþHWQDU$VWiYPODGãtFKIi]tFKDWDNpVHUR]PQRåXMt
U$]QpYDULDQW\]iNODGQtFKQiPW$9\VN\WQRXVHRMHGLQOHL]YOiãWQtQiPW\WYDURY
SRGREQp]QDN$P;<:DREUiFHQp9.UiWNp~VHþN\VHYtFHREMHYXMtYNRPELQDFL
VRVWDWQtPLQiPW\QHERVJLUODQGRX3RURYQiOLVHYêVN\WDPQRåVWYtGRSONRYêFK
RUQDPHQW$YSRDGtLQWHUSUHWRYDQêFKXGiORVWtVSRMRYDQêFKVIi]HPLSRWRPSRXåtYiQt
GRSONRYêFKRUQDPHQW$XVWXSXMHYåG\EKHPSHGSRNOiGDQpKR~VHNXQHSHWUåLWpKR
UR]YRMHDUHiOX3RþHWGRSON$YHOPLSRNOHVOYHDIi]L1DRSDNYHONê
SRþHWYDULDQWDQRYêFKNRPELQDFtVHREMHYXMHYHDIi]L9êYRM
GRSONRYêFKRUQDPHQW$PiFKDUDNWHUQHXVWiOpKRREQRYRYiQtNYDQWLWDWLYQtFKYêN\Y$
DGUREQêFKIRUPiOQtFK]PQ
.RQWLQXLWD]iNODGQtFKPRWLY$
$QDOê]D]iNODGQtFKPRWLY$KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXMH]WtåHQD]ORPNRYLWRVWtQiOH]$
3R]QiYiQtFHOpQHERDOHVSRYWãtFKþiVWtYê]GRE\MHYtFHPpQQiKRGQpDMHGQRWOLYp
YDULDQW\O]HREWtåQNYDQWLILNRYDW-HQXWQRVSRNRMLWVHVXUþLWRXSUDYGSRGREQRX
UHNRQVWUXNFtDMHGQRWOLYpNDWHJRULHIRUPXORYDWãtHML9StPRþDUpPSURYHGHQtO]H
UR]OLãLW~VHþN\QHERMHMLFKVNXSLQ\DSRWRPNOLNDWN\StSDGQMLQpNRVR~KOpY]RU\D
SUDYR~KOpPHDQGU\1HMYWãtYDULDELOLWDVHVRXVWHXMHGRWtG\NOLNDWHNDYãDN
PRåQRVWMHGQRWOLYpYDULDQW\RGOLãLWMHY]KOHGHPNH]ORPNRYLWRVWL]QDþQRPH]HQi.
XYHGHQêPStPRþDUêPY]RU$PO]HSLSRMLWSUDYR~KOpDFHQWUiOQtY]RU\NWHUpPRKRX
EêWLNLYRþDUpQHERNRPELQRYDQp
0H]LNLYRþDUêPLPRWLY\VHSRPUQGREHRGGOXMtREORXþN\RGJLUODQG\NWHUpVH
DOHGDMtYQtPDWMDNRREåQiVSRMLWiIRUPDREORXþN$.ODVLFNRXVSLUiOXD]HMPpQD
REåQRXVSLUiOXE\E\ORPRåQRSRGUREQMLNODVLILNRYDWSRGOHU$]QêFKNULWHULt
1DStNODGSRGOHRULHQWDFH]DWiþHQtVSLUiO\SRGOHWYDUX$6SRGNRYRYLWiDM
QHERSRGOHþHWQRVWL]DYLQXWtDOHQD]ORPFtFKMVRXSUDNWLFN\QHUR]OLãLWHOQp
5.6.4. Keramická sociologie
ÒYDK\RStSDGQpPY]WDKX]iNODGQtFKPRWLY$GHVpQXDJHQHDORJLHRE\YDWHOVtGOLãW
YHGRXNHVOHGRYiQtPRWLY$DYDULDQWKODYQtKRLGRSONRYpKRRUQDPHQWXYNRQWH[WX
Ii]tStSDGQGRP$9HGUXKpPStSDGGRSON$VQDGWDNpSURWRåHVHMHGQiR
PHQãtNUHVE\DWXGtåOpSHGRFKRYDQpE\OR]DFK\FHQRQNROLNGHVtWHNYDULDQW3HVWR
MHO]HUR]GOLWGRQNROLND]iNODGQtFKWYDU$NWHUpYtFHPpQNRUHVSRQGXMtVPRWLY\
hlavního ornamentu.
=QDNRYiKRGQRWDVSLUiO\VHP$åHOLãLWRGKRGQRWMLQêFKNLYRþDUêFKPRWLY$
2GYR]HQtSURWLOHKOp$VSLUiO\RGUHiOQpSHGORK\URK$WXUDQHERNR]RURKDMHY
Bylanech prokázáno (3DYO$108), a mohlo by proto být vykládáno jako index
PXåVNpþiVWLRE\YDWHOGRPX*HQHUDOL]DFHQDFHORXSRSXODFLMHNRPSOLNRYiQD
RVWDWQtPLQiPW\MDNRMVRXREORXþN\DJLUODQG\YOQRYN\QHERMLQpYDULDQW\VSLUiO
3LMDWHOQMãtE\E\OYêNODGWYDUXOLQLHDMHMtV\PEROLFNpKRGQRW\MDNRLQGH[X
StEX]HQVNêFKVNXSLQNWHUêE\OMLåGtYHQDYUKRYiQSURFHQWUiOQXPtVWQpPRWLY\
(6RXGVNê3DYO$).
118
1D]iNODGNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\PRWLY$YSURVWRUXIi]tWYRtVSLUiOD0
~VWHGQtPRWLYYHVWDUãtFK~VHFtFKYêYRMHNGHVHSRODUL]XMH$VSLUiOD0RG
REORXþN$0REUD0H]LQLPLVHQDFKi]HMtNOLNDWN\0D~VHþN\0
3RDGtWFKWRPRWLY$QHQtFKURQRORJLFNpDOHVStãHVRFLRORJLFNpDY\WYitMDNêVL
]iNODGQtURGRNPHQE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWGYRXURG$3UYQtSHGVWDYXMH$VSLUiODV
~VHþNDPLGUXKêVSLUiODDNOLNDWND0RWLY8QHPiUHNWLOLQHiUQtSURWMãHNDVStãH
DOWHUQXMH$VSLUiOXSRNXGE\QHE\OQMDNêPUHVLGXHPWHWtKRURGX
9PODGãtPYêYRMLVHWRWR]GYRMHQtXGUåXMHLNG\åYMLQpPVHVNXSHQt0RWLY$WYRt
YHOPLY]GiOHQRXDOWHUQDWLYXNPRWLYX8NWHUêMHEOtåH~VHþNiPREUE.WpWR
GYRMLFLPRWLY$VH]HVNXSLQ\PODGãtFKIi]tSLSRMXMHSRX]HIi]HNWHUiE\ODMLå
YêãHQiSDGQiSHYOiGDMtFtPREVDKHPVXGpKRSRþWXOLQHNSRGRNUDMHPYL]YêãHNDS
1RYVHREMHYXMtSUDYR~KOpRUQDPHQW\DVDPRVWDWQVHRGGOXMtY]RU\Y
FHQWUiOQtSROR]HQDGQHFKQiGRE6SLUiODDNOLNDWNDSDWUQREGREQêP]S$VREHPMDNR
YHVWDUãtPREGREt]DNUêYDMtQNROLNSDUDOHOQtFKD]DWtPQHUR]OLãLWHOQêFKYDULDQW
'RSONRYpPRWLY\MDNRE\NRQ]HUYXMtPRWLY\KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWX]HVWDUãtFKIi]t
SHGHYãtP~VHþN\'D8Y]RU'1DYtFSLVWXSXMtG$ON\'QHERU$]Qp
VNXSLQ\G$ON$'NWHUpVHY%\ODQHFKMDNRVDPRVWDWQêRUQDPHQWQHY\VN\WXMt
6DPRVWDWQêPSURMHYHPGRSONRYêFKY]RU$MVRX]QDN\9'DNLYRþDUi9'
NWHUpPRKRXEêWVStãH]NUDWNRXJLUODQGQHåNLYRþDURXYDULDQWRX9PRWLYX=iNODGQt
SUYN\GRSON$VHPRKRXYDGNRPELQDFtVPRWLY\KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXY]iMHPQ
SUROtQDW.RUHOXMtYãDNSHYiåQVHVSLUiORYêPLPRWLY\KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXREU
FWDE$9FHONRYpPVRXþWX]$VWiYiStSDG$EH]GRSONRYêFK
Y]RU$
9HY\PH]HQpVNXSLQMHQRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$VHQiPW\GRSON$FKRYDMtYêUD]Q
jako protikladný systém ornamentu (Obr. 5.6.4.c). Pokud by hlavní ornament byl
GHNyGRYiQMDNR]i]QDPRS$YRGXXåLYDWHO$QiGREPRKOE\GRSONRYêRUQDPHQWEêW
SR]QiPNRXRVWDUãtFKNRHQHFKWRKRWRS$YRGX5HODFHE\SDNE\O\SRGREQpMDNR
GQHãQtMPpQDDStMPHQtDYãDNYPQRKHPVORåLWMãtIRUP~VWQtWUDGLFHýiVWEH]
GRSON$E\PRKODR]QDþRYDWQH]QiPêQHERQHYê]QDPQêS$YRGSRNXGE\VH
nejednalo a zcela odlišný úkol výzdoby.
9\VWXSRYiQtMHGQRWOLYêFKGUXK$GRSONRYêFKQiPW$YNRPSOH[HFKYUiPFLIi]t
WDE%XND]XMHMDNRXVLILOLDFLYQiVOHGQêFKGRPHFK3URWRåHYãDNREUD]
]DFK\FHQêQDXYHGHQpWDEXOFHMHQH~SOQêStSDGQRPH]HQMHQVSLUiORYêPLPRWLY\
KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXQHO]H]DWtPSHVQMLVOHGRYDWSRVORXSQRVWStEX]HQVNêFKY]WDK$
5R]PQRåHQtYDULDQWGRSON$YPODGãtFKIi]tFKE\SDNE\ORY\VYWOLWHOQpQDU$VWDMtFt
WUDGLFtStEX]HQVNêFKY]WDK$
1NWHUpGRSON\SHNUDþXMtDGXIi]t]DVHERX1HMþDVWMãtMVRXURYQiLREOi9'D
'9êYRM~VHþHN'MHQNROLNUiWSHUXãHQDOHQDStNODGGRSONRYpJLUODQG\O]H
VOHGRYDWQHSHWUåLWRGIi]H'G$PDåGRIi]HGRP\D
2SDNRYiQtU$]QêFKYDULDQWYWpPåHGRPE\QHRGSRURYDORSHGSRNOiGDQêPRGND]$P
QDSUDURGLþHStSDGQGDOãtSHGN\IRUPRX]PHQãHQêFKPRWLY$GRSURYi]HMtFtFK
KODYQtQiPW0ODGãtIRUP\GRSON$YWãLQRXRGSRYtGDMtVWDUãtPIRUPiPKODYQtFK
PRWLY$WDE&
119
5.7. .RQWH[WLGHMtDSHGVWDY
5.7.1. Styl rytí lineárního ornamentu
=iNODGQtVW\OLVWLFNRXFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXMH]S$VREMDNêPMVRX
SURYiGQ\OLQLHFRå]HMP]iYLVHORQDGUXKXSRXåLWpKRQiVWURMH1DSRþiWNXE\OD
SRXåtYiQDVStãHGHYQiU\GODMDNMHSDWUQp]HVWRSUR]WHSHQpKRNRQFHGtYNDY
QNWHUêFKUêKiFK7\WRQiVWURMHSDWUQQHE\ORVQDGQp]FHOD]DãSLþDWLWDSURWRY]QLNDMt
U\WpåOiEN\3R]GMLVHXSODWQLODYtFHU\GODNRVWQiVQLPLåE\ORPRåQRYpVWYHOPL
MHPQpOLQLHSURWRåHVHGDOD]DEURXVLWGRRVWUpãSLþN\&KURQRORJLFNiWHQGHQFHMH
SDWUQiYSRVWXSQpP]XåRYiQtD]MHPRYiQtOLQLH
9SRþiWHþQtFKVHGPLIi]tFKSHYOiGiåOiENRYiQtMHåE\ORGHILQRYiQRMDNROLQLHãLUãt
QHåPP-LåEKHPWRKRWRREGREtE\ORQDKUD]RYiQRVWHGQVLOQU\WRXOLQLtMHMtå
ãtNDE\ODGHILQRYiQDPH]LPP7HQNpOLQLHXåãtQHåPPMVRXYQHMVWDUãtP
REGREtYêMLPNRXVWHMQMDNR]FHODMHPQU\WpOLQLH3RVOHGQtVHYêUD]QMLSURMHYtDå
RGIi]HDMHMLFKSRGtOVþDVHPQDU$VWiWDE$2GGHViWpIi]HNROtViSRGtO
WXSU\WpOLQLHPH]L±DWHQFHU\WpOLQLHPH]L±2GOLãQpKRGQRW\VH
vyskytnou jen ve 24. fázi.
3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFKVW\O$U\WtMHY]iNODGQtFKW\SHFKREMHNW$NRPSOH[\YHONp
L]RORYDQpMiP\RVWDWQt]KUXEDVWHMQê3HYOiGiWHQFHU\WiOLQLHSRGtOåOiEN$MHQt]Nê
ostatní styly se vyskytují mezi 10 - 20 % (tab. 5.7.1.B-a). Naproti tomu celkové
UR]ORåHQtU\WpYê]GRE\EH]RKOHGXQDVW\OU\WtMHYtFHPpQVKRGQp9NRPSOH[HFK
GRP$VHQDOH]ORFHONHPU\WpYê]GRE\SRQNXGYtFHåOiENRYDQp9H
YWãtFKL]RORYDQêFKMDPiFKNWHUpO]HGDWRYDWGRIi]tVHQDFKi]tQHMYêãHYHãNHUp
U\WpYê]GRE\=E\WHNMHREVDåHQYRVWDWQtFKW\SHFKREMHNW$WDE%E
5.7.2. Chronologická variabilita stylu rytí
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIi]tYSURVWRUXMHGQRWOLYêFKVW\O$U\WtQD]QDþXMH
FKURQRORJLFNRXYDULDELOLWXWFKWRVW\O$3UYQtGtOYDULDELOLW\MHGiQåOiENRYiQtPNWHUp
FKDUDNWHUL]XMHSRþiWHþQtFKVHGPIi]t7RY\SOêYi]GHILQLFHWFKWRIi]tDSURWR
YêVOHGHNMHQNRStUXMHYDULDELOLWXQDMHMtPåSRGNODGE\O\Ii]HQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ
S$YRGQGHILQRYiQ\3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi329). Od osmé fáze však první
IDNWRUSHVWiYiS$VRELWDFKURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDVHVRXVWHXMHSUDNWLFN\MHQYH
GUXKpPIDNWRUXREUD9QPSURWLVREVWRMtVWHGQtU\WtDMHPQpU\WtFRåMVRX
VW\O\NWHUpVHSRK\EXMtRNRORSU$PUQpWHQFHU\WpOLQLH&HONRYêWUHQG]XåRYiQtOLQLH
]$VWiYiYWRPWRIDNWRUX]DFKRYiQ9ODVWQtLQGLYLGXiOQtSURYHGHQtRUQDPHQWXVHY
VRXþWHFKIi]tWXGtåSURMHYXMHMDNR]PQDNXOWXUQSRGPtQQpKRVW\OXU\WêFKOLQLt7HQ
Y\MDGXMH]iNODGQt]PQ\YWHFKQLFHSURYHGHQtYê]GRE\DMHVSROXVNRPSRQHQWDPL
FKURQRORJLFN\QHMFLWOLYMãtPSUYNHPYHYê]GREOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\
6W\OQRWRYêFKG$ON$
2UJDQLFNRXVRXþiVWtYê]GRE\OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\VHY%\ODQHFKVWiYDMtQRW\DåRG
RVPpIi]HSRWpFRGRãORNSRVXQXQHMVWDUãtKRVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX7\S\QRWRYêFKG$ON$
E\O\S$YRGQY\SUDFRYiQ\WDNpVFtOHPGDOãtKR]SHVQQtåiGRXFtFKFKURQRORJLFNêFK
NULWHULt=DWtPFRQD0RUDYVHXGUåXMHS$YRGQtW\SYHONpKRNXODWpKRG$ONXW\S
QHGRVDKXMHWHQWRVW\OQRW\Y%\ODQHFKYFHONRYpPVRXþWXDQLMHGQRKRSURFHQWDWDE
$3URGODOVY$MYêYRMQHMSUYHMDNRXUþLWRXIRUPiOQtGHIRUPDFLGRPONpKR
RYiOQpKRG$ONXW\SNWHUêE\OU\FKOHQDKUD]HQQHSUDYLGHOQêPLRYiOQêPLG$ON\
W\S\D7\WRSHGVWDYXMtYE\ODQVNpPFHONXYtFHQHåRVPGHViWSURFHQWYãHFKQRW
120
6QDKDUR]OLãLWREDW\S\VHXNi]DODMDNRPiOR~VSãQiSURWRåHMHMLFKXUþHQtMHGRVWL
VXEMHNWLYQt$OHVSR]KOHGLVNDFKURQRORJLFNpYDULDELOLW\QHE\ORWRWRGOHQt~þLQQp
(obr. 5.7.3.a.).
9HGOHWFKWRW\S$G$ONRYêFKQRWO]HUR]OLãLWYêUD]QRXVNXSLQXYSLFK$QHER
SHVHNiYiQtOLQLHW\SNWHUiGRVDKXMHDåRVPLSURFHQW2VWDWQtW\S\MVRXYêMLPHþQp
PH]LQLPLRWLVN\QHKW$QHERSUVW$SRGREQpWHFKQLFNpYê]GREW\S\D
2MHGLQOêPW\SHPLSURYHGHQtPYê]GRE\MHY%\ODQHFKNyG]DD]HQêSRGW\S
2W\SXE\ODMLå]PtQNDYêãHNDS3HGVWDYXMHVSRMHQpG$ON\QHUHVSHNWXMtFt
SRþHWOLQLtFRåMHYýHFKiFKQHREY\NOêMHYNWHUêMHDOHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêSURREODVW
MLKR]iSDGQtKR6ORYHQVND7DPWDNpMVRXVW\OLVWLFN\QRWRYp]QDþN\UR]þOHQQ\
PQRKHPSRGUREQMLPavúk 1994: 142-143).
6W\OQRWRYêFKG$ON$MHYtFHPpQVKRGQêYHYãHFKGUX]tFKREMHNW$QHOLãtVHX
YWãLQ\W\S$PH]LNRPSOH[\DL]RORYDQêPLMiPDPLWDE%0HQãtUR]GtOMHYH
YêVN\WXQRWW\SXMLFKåMHYL]RORYDQêFKMiPiFKPpQDYãDN]iURYHVHYQLFK
Y\VN\WXMHYtFHG$ON$W\SX9]KOHGHPNYêãH]G$UD]QQpVXEMHNWLYQRVWLRGGOHQt
RERXW\S$O]HMHMLFKSRþW\YQtPDWMDNRY]iMHPQVHGRSOXMtFt-HGLQêPQiSDGQMãtP
SUYNHPMH]YêãHQêSRGtOQRWW\SXYL]RORYDQêFKMiPiFK7RE\QD]QDþRYDORåHVW\O
QRWSRGREQêWHFKQLFNpYê]GREVHREMHYXMHQDQiGREiFKWDNRYpKRGUXKXNWHUpE\O\
YtFHSHQiãHQ\DPO\SURWRY\ããtSUDYGSRGREQRVWGRVWDWVHGRRGSDGXGiOHRG
stavebního komplexu.
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDQRWRYêFKG$ON$
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIi]tYSURVWRUXVW\ORYêFKW\S$QRWXND]XMHåHYDULDELOLWD
VOHGXMHYHYãHFKIDNWRUHFKVStãHIRUPiOQtQHåFKURQRORJLFNpKOHGLVNR9G$VOHGNX
WRKRVHSRVORXSQRVWIi]tQHSURMHYXMHQMDNSUDYLGHOQWDE$REUD
3UYQtIDNWRUGiYiGRNRQWUDVWXW\SDW\SFRåMVRXIRUPiOQQHMY]GiOHQMãtW\S\
RNURXKOpKRG$ONXDQHKWRYpKRYU\SXSRDGtW\S$MH9HGUXKpP
IDNWRUXSURWLVREVWRMtRNURXKOêG$OHNDVSRMHQpQRW\SRDGtYH
WHWtPIDNWRUXQHKWRYêYU\SDYSLFK\SRDGt
3UYQtDWHWtIDNWRUO]HSRYDåRYDW]DYêUD]QpVW\OLVWLFNpSURPQQpGUXKêIDNWRU
RGSRYtGiRþHNiYDQpPXQiVWXSXREOtEHQRVWLMHGQRWOLYêFKVW\O$QRW=iURYHRGUiåt
]PQXSURYiGQtQRWQMDNêPWXSêPQiVWURMHPDQHKW\YSR]GMãtGRE
'UXKêIDNWRUMHWXGtåQHMYtFHFKURQRORJLFNê)i]HVHYSURVWRUXSUYQtKRDGUXKpKR
IDNWRUXQLMDNYêUD]QQHVHVNXSXMtREUDFRå]QDPHQiåHVW\OLVWLFNpUR]GtO\
PH]LQLPLMVRXQHYêUD]Qp5R]SWtVW\OXQRWXGiYiIi]HDVSHYDåXMtFtPSRGtOHP
W\S$DRNURXKOêFKQHERRYiOQêFKG$ON$DIi]HVSHYDKRXYSLFK$W\S
9WãLQDRVWDWQtFKIi]tVHSRWRPVRXVWHXMHRNRORQHMþDVWMãtFKW\S$RYiOQêFKQRW
W\SXQHER9HIi]LVHYtFHSURVDGLO\MHGQRWOLYpG$ON\PLPROLQLL
3tEX]HQVNpQHERSUDFRYQtVNXSLQ\Y odlišném stylistickém projevu
Yê]GREQêFKVW\O$
.RPSOH[\QHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OU\Wt
Stylová variabilita v technikách lineárního ornamentu se v nejstarším stupni omezuje
QDYDULDELOLW\U$]QêFKGUXK$U\Wt-HGQiVHWXGtåRSRGUREQMãtNODVLILNDFLQHåMDNi
E\ODSRXåLWDSURGHILQLFLIi]tNG\E\OVOHGRYiQMHQSRPUPH]LåOiENRYiQtPD
ostatním rytím 3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi: 329).RPSOH[\VHDGtQiSDGQGR
121
MHGQpOLQLHGDQp]WHQþXMtFtPVHU\WtP9NRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]HGRP$]DåIi]H
SHGVWDYXMHSUYQtIDNWRUãtNXOLQN\DGUXKêIDNWRURVWURVWU\Wt7R
RGSRYtGiFHONRYpPXSRVWDYHQtQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQY%\ODQHFKNWHUêMH]GHGRORåHQ
VYêPL]iYUHþQêPLIi]HPLNG\åOiENRYiQtMLåQHE\ORSHYOiGDMtFtYê]GREQRX
WHFKQLNRX0LPR]iNODGQtREUD]VHQDFKi]HMt]HMPNRPSOH[\VQt]NêP
SRGSUDKRYêPSRþWHP/2StSDGQQHGRVWDWHþQGHILQRYDQp
2VWDWQtGRP\NWHUpVHQDFKi]HMtYWRPWRSURVWRUXGRVWDWHþQEOt]NRVHEHDVSDGDMtGR
QiVOHGQêFKIi]tRVtGOHQtE\PRKO\EêWLQWHUSUHWRYiQ\MDNRSRNUDþRYiQtVWHMQp
stylistické individuální tradice (obr. 5.8.1.a).
2GSRþiWHþQtIi]HVHMDNRVW\OLVWLFN\StEX]QpFKRYDMtNRPSOH[\GRP$D
Ii]H3tSDGQiGUXKiSRVORXSQRVWE\E\ODGiQD
DGRXGRP$E"Ii]H2EPDVHMHQY]GiOHQ
SRGREDMtGRP\D1H~SOQRVWDG\O]HY\VYWOLWQHNRPSOHWQtP
SUR]NRXPiQtPFHOpKRDUHiOX=PQRåRYiQtVKRGQêFKNRPSOH[$E\PRKORQD]QDþRYDW
XUþLWêUR]URGVWDUãtURGLQ\DRGSRYtGDWSHGSRNOiGDQpPXPRGHOXPDWULOLQHiUQt
VSROHþQRVWLMHMtåStEX]HQVWYtVHSRþtWiYOLQLLPDWHN8VtGOHQtMHGQRWOLYêFKþOHQ$
POREêWYãDNYLULORNiOQtNG\åHQ\VHSRVYDWESHVWKRYDO\GRGRPXVYpKRPXåH
(Van de Velde 1979: 170)3HGSRNODGHPVSUiYQRVWLWpWRLQWHUSUHWDFHStEX]HQVNêFK
VNXSLQYQNROLNDIi]tFK]DVHERXMHRYãHPGRVWLStVQpSHQiãHQtVW\OLVWLFNêFK
WHFKQLNYQiVOHGQêFKJHQHUDFtFK3LWRPE\POEêWGRGUåRYiQVKRGQêNYDQWLWDWLYQt
PRGHO9SUYQtPStSDGE\E\OD]DFK\FHQDSRVORXSQRVWþW\JHQHUDFtFRåVHMHYt
MDNRH[WUpPQtStSDG]DFKRYiYiQtVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLNSRGREXiGRYVWROHW
'RP\YIi]LVHVHVNXSXMtGRGYRXQHStOLãRGGOHQêFKVNXSLQNWHUpVHOLãt
SRX]H]QDPpQNHPVNyUHGUXKpKRIDNWRUX7HQSHGVWDYXMHåOiENRYiQt
]DWtPFRSUYQtIDNWRURGSRYtGiVWHMQpPXIDNWRUX]SHGFKi]HMtFtFKIi]t3UYQt
VNXSLQXVNODGQêPVNyUHSHGVWDYXMtGRP\Ii]H
(7.), druhou skupinu domy 2198 (5.) - 2294 (6.). Domy 8. fáze jsou od ostatních ve
VW\OXU\WtGRVWLY]GiOHQp=S$VREU\WtXUþRYDOYQHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFKMLVWRXNRQWLQXLWX
VW\OLVWLFN\RGOLãLWHOQêFKGRP$1DVNORQNXQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQQD]QDþXMHVW\OU\WtåH
RE\YDWHOpVRXþDVQêFKE\ODQVNêFKGRP$E\OLY]iMHPQStEX]HQVN\YHOPL~]FH
VSt]QQLREUE
.RPSOH[\VWHGQtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OLVWLFNpWHFKQLN\
3URIi]H]NODVLFNpKRREGREtOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\E\OSURVWRUVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLNMHãW
GiOH]MHGQRGXãHQ9\QHFKiQ\MVRXåOiEN\NWHUpVHY\VN\WXMtRMHGLQOHVStãHMDNR
UHVLGXiOQtWHFKQLNDQHERVWDUãtLQWUX]HVWHGQU\WiOLQLHQHQtUR]GOHQDQDRVWURXD
WXSRXSURILODFLSURWRåHWRWRNODVLILNDþQtGOHQtMH]DWtåHQRVXEMHNWLYQtFK\ERXDP$åH
VHPQLWLQDMHGQpQiGREY]iYLVORVWLQDLQGLYLGXiOQtWHFKQLFHU\Wt7DNpYHONp
RNURXKOpQHERRYiOQpQRWRYpG$ON\QDMHGQpVWUDQDGUREQpG$ON\QD
GUXKpVWUDQE\O\VSRMHQ\GRMHGQRKRW\SX]REGREQêFKG$YRG$6SRMHQ\E\O\L
IRUPiOQRGOLãLWHOQpRWLVN\SUVW$QHERQHKW$RGSRYtGDMtFtVKRGQVW\OX
technické výzdoby.
'RP\]DåIi]HVHQDFKi]HMtYUHGXNRYDQpPSURVWRUXVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLN
YHOPLEOt]NRVHEHREUD.G\åVHYH]PRXGR~YDK\GRP\]QiVOHGQêFKIi]t
O]HY\þOHQLWWLVKOXN\GRP$-VRXWRQiVOHGXMtFtVNXSLQ\GRP$DIi]H
(10.) - 620 (11.), b) 604 (9.) - 405 (10.) - 620? (11.), c) 302 (9.) - 306 (10.) - 312 (11.).
9ãHFKQ\VHQDFKi]HMtQDVHNFL%DMVRXVLWXGtåLSURVWRURYEOt]Np.QLPO]HSLDGLW
MHãWGYRMLFHVSRGREQêPVW\OHPGDH
122
0LPRVHQDFKi]tG$PDWDNpMHGLQêG$P]HIi]HNWHUêSHGVWDYXMH
MDNRE\QHMPODGãtVW\OLVWLFNpWHFKQLN\6KOXN\VW\OLVWLFN\StEX]QêFKGRP$QHMVRX
StOLãYêUD]QRGGOHQ\DE\ORE\PRåQRXYDåRYDWLRY\ããtPVHVNXSHQtQDSDG
NWHUpVHSHNUêYDMtQHEREFVSRMLWHOQpMHGQtPGRPHP]Ii]H9êYRM
StEX]HQVNêFKVNXSLQYWFKWRIi]tFKSUREtKDOSRGOHREUD]XGDQpKRVW\OHPU\WtD
QRWRYêFKG$ON$YSRPUQYHOPL~]NêFKKUDQLFtFKYSRVORXSQRVWLþW\DåSWLURGLQ
jednoho bylanského areálu.
=FHODRGOLãQRGSHGFKi]HMtFtVLWXDFHVHFKRYDMtGRP\]HIi]H9
UHGXNRYDQpPSURVWRUXVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLNMVRXYHOPLUR]SWêOHQ\WDNåHY\WYiHMtMHQ
RPH]HQêSRþHWStEX]HQVNêFKVNXSLQREUE=HMPpQDIi]HVHSURMHYXMH
MDNRSHGORYiVYHOPLUR]U$]QQêPVW\OHPU\WtLSURYiGQtQRWÒ]FHVSROHþQpU\V\
PDMtMHQWLVNXSLQ\GRP$
a) 211 (13.) - 681 (14.) - 225 (15.),
b) 132 (13.) - (313), 1195 (14.) – 433 (15.) - ? - 677 (17.),
c) 2196 (14.) - 149, 926 (15.) - 571 (15.).
2VWDWQtGRP\MVRXGRVWLUR]SWêOHQ\RNRORWFKWRNRQFHQWURYDQêFKVNXSLQ
,QWHUSUHWDFHQDYD]XMtFtNRQVHNYHQWQQDSHGFKi]HMtFtYêYRMYHGHN]iYUXåH
SRþtQDMHIi]tNG\E\OE\ODQVNêDUHiO]QRYXNRQVWLWXRYiQGRãORNãLUãtYêPQ
SRSXODFHSHGHYãtPåHQ]MLQêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$7\SRWRPSLQHVO\PM]QDþQp
UR]U$]QQtSLDSOLNDFLVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLNYQNROLNDQiVOHGQêFKIi]tFKRVtGOHQt
.RPSOH[\PODGãtKRDSR]GQtKRVWXSQ/Q.DVW\OLVWLFNpWHFKQLN\
3RGREQMDNRYSHGFKi]HMtFtPþDVRYpP~VHNXVHFKRYDMtLNRPSOH[\GRP$PODGãtKR
DSR]GQtKRVWXSQ5R]ORåHQtSUYN$YUHGXNRYDQpPSURVWRUXVW\OLVWLFNêFKWHFKQLNU\Wt
DQRWVHSRQNXG]PQLOR7L]iNODGQtGUXK\U\WtOHåtQ\QtMHãWStVQMLVNRURYMHGQp
StPFHRGVWHGQtKRDåSRMHPQpU\WtIDNWRU0H]LQRWDPLVHVWiOHYêUD]Q
RGGOXMtYSLFK\DQHKWRYpYU\S\IDNWRUG$ON\VHMLåQHOLãtQDYHONpDPDOp
'RP\]Då. fáze jsou si v 1. faktoru stylisticky velmi blízko (obr. 5.8.3.a).
9êUD]QMãtVHVNXSHQtWYRtMHQGRP\DE
.URPMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$YROQRENORSXMtFtFKWDWRGY
MiGUDVHY\WYRLO\GYVW\OLVWLFNpVNXSLQ\YIi]LD2E
E\PRKO\SHGVWDYRYDWQMDNiXåãtYêUREQtVHVNXSHQt]DORåHQiQDStEX]HQVNêFK
Y]WD]tFK9\]QDþXMtVHWDNpSRGREQêPNRHILFLHQWHP]UXþQRVWLVURYYêãHREU
H.RPSOH[GRPXNWHUêQD]QDþXMHMLåWHQGHQFHQiVOHGXMtFtKRREGREt
QHQtSDWUQGRVWDWHþQVYêPRGSDGHPGHILQRYiQ&HONRYêREUD]RGSRYtGi
VW\OLVWLFNpPXFKRYiQtYHIi]tFKDMHKRLQWHUSUHWDFHE\]QDPHQDODQLåãt
IUHNYHQFLYêPQ\åHQ]MLQêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$
9Ii]LSRREQRYHQtVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXGRãOR]QRYXNXYROQQtVW\OLVWLFNp
ULJRUy]QRVWLFRåMHSDWUQpMLå]SRVXQXNRPSOH[$YSRþiWHþQtFKGYRXIi]tFKREU
E9HIi]LGRãORNGDOãtYêUD]QpVW\OLVWLFNp]PQVPUHPNY\SLFKRYDQêP
QRWiPIDNWRU3tþLQXMHQXWQRGR]QDþQpPtU\SLSVDWFKURQRORJLFNpPX
SRVXQXNWHUêSHNU\OGRVDYDGQtVW\OLVWLFNRXYDULDELOLWXPH]LVSt]QQêPL
DV\QFKURQQtPLGRP\0RKOE\EêWLSHG]QDPHQiQtPSRþtQDMtFtREOLE\YSLFK$Y$EHF
která se projevila v následující generaci vypichovanou šáreckou linií a krátce nato
SRPUQU\FKOêPSHFKRGHPNSOQY\StFKDQpWHFKQLFHYê]GRE\7HQWRSHFKRGYãDN
MLåY%\ODQHFKQHQt]DFK\FHQ1DNROLNE\E\ORPRåQRVW\OLVWLFNp]PQ\YHIi]L
LQWHUSUHWRYDWStFKRGHPåHQQHERGRNRQFHFHOêFKURGLQ]MLQêFKDUHiO$QHO]H
123
VWDQRYLW9êYRME\ODQVNpKRDUHiOXDOHVSRWpþiVWLGRVXG]NRXPDQpGRVSOSRWpN
U\FKOpPXNRQFLYHDIi]L.DåGiMH]DVWRXSHQDMHQMHGQtPGRPHPFRå
XND]XMHåHRE\YDWHOpIi]HMHMQHMVStãH]YDOQpþiVWLRSXVWLOL
5.9. 9\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQtWUDGLFHY rámci lineární výzdoby
5.9.1. Kompozice lineárního ornamentu
7DE$.RPSR]LFHOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXYFHOpPVRXERUXRNUDMRYêFK]ORPN$
zdobených nádob.
=DKODYQtYODVWQRVWLYê]GREQpKRVW\OXMHPRåQRSRNOiGDWV\PHWULLDRULHQWDFL
RUQDPHQWDFHFHOpQiGRE\NWHUpGRNOiGDMtLQGLYLGXiOQtYQtPiQtJHRPHWULHXUþLWpKR
konkrétního ornamentu (Washburn 1995). V bylanském souboru vzhledem k nízkému
SRþWXFHOêFKQHERGRSOQLWHOQêFKRUQDPHQW$QHQtWDWRYODVWQRVWYQiOH]HFKGRVWDWHþQ
representována. Lze ji do jisté míry nahradit studiem kompozice lineárního
RUQDPHQWXNWHURXO]HVOHGRYDWQDRNUDMRYêFK]ORPFtFK]GREHQêFKQiGRE3RþHW
NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFK]ORPN$þLQtWDE$FRåSHGVWDYXMH]GREHQêFK
RNUDM$
.RPSR]LFtVHUR]XPtStWRPQRVWKODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXYNRPELQDFLVGRSONRYêP
Y]RUHPDOLQNDPLSRGRNUDMHPREUD.7HRUHWLFN\PRåQpþW\LNRPELQDFH
XND]XMtåHQHMSRþHWQMãtMHYE\ODQVNêFKQiOH]HFKNRPSR]LFH]DKUQXMtFtYtFHQHå
SRORYLQXQiGRE]GREHQêFKKODYQtPPRWLYHPDGRSONRYêPY]RUHPWDE$G
0pQSRþHWQiMHSRWRPNRPSOHWQtNRPSR]LFHRUQDPHQWXNWHUi]DKUQXMHDVLWHWLQX
YãHFKQiGRE1HMPpQSRþHWQiMHSUYQtNRPSR]LFH-HQYSURFHQWHFKStSDG$MVRX
QiGRE\]GREHQ\EH]GRSONRYêFKPRWLY$DOLQHNSRGRNUDMHP$WRYWãLQDWFKWR
StSDG$VSDGiGRQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ/Q.=KUXEDGYRMQiVREQêMHUHODWLYQtYêVN\WWHWt
kompozice hlavního ornamentu s linkami pod okrajem (tab. 5.9.1.B.).
3UYQtNRPSR]LFHSHYOiGiYSRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKFRåMHYãDNRYOLYQQRSRVWXSQêP
YêYRMHPOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXQHER"NRPSOHWQtNRPSR]LFHQHE\OD]HMPGRWpGRE\
Y\WYRHQD9QiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]LSHYOiGiNRPSR]LFHYêUD]QQDGRVWDWQtPL
7DE%ýtVODYIi]LMVRXSDWUQ]NUHVOHQDQt]NêPSRþWHPNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFK
StSDG$2GIi]HE\ODNRPSR]LFHKODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXVSROXVGRSONRYêP
PRWLYHPSRXåtYiQDQD]KUXEDMHGQpSRORYLQ]GREHQêFKQiGRE1DGUXKpSRORYLQ
E\ODNRPSRQRYiQDYê]GREDQHER]S$VREHPYNRPELQDFLVOLQNDPLSRGRNUDMHP
3RGtO]ORPN$NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKYHIi]tFKMHYãDNMHãWQLåãt
5.9.2. Kulturní tradice v lineární kompozici
V NRPSR]LFLOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXVHWHG\SURMHYXMHSRSRþiWHþQtPYêYRMLY
QHMVWDUãtPVWXSQL/Q.NXOWXUQVWDELOL]RYDQiWUDGLFH,]RORYDQpQiPW\Y první
NRPSR]LFLPRKO\REVDKRYDWMHQLQIRUPDFLRY]GiOHQpPS$YRGX-HVWOLåHGUXKi
NRPSR]LFHEXGHLQWHUSUHWRYiQDYVRXODGXVYêãHXYiGQêPLDUJXPHQW\MDNR
LQIRUPDFHRURGXDStEX]HQVWYtXåLYDWHO$SLVWXSXMHNWRPXYHWHWtNRPSR]LFL
LQIRUPDFHRS$YRGXDYHþWYUWpNRPSR]LFLLQIRUPDFHRYNXXåLYDWHOHQHERYêUREFH
=KUXEDMHGQDWHWLQDQiGREQHVODQD]iNODGWpWRLQWHUSUHWDFHYNODVLFNpPREGREt/Q.
SOQRXLQIRUPDFLRURGXS$YRGXDStEX]HQVWYtLYNXVYpKRXåLYDWHOH
7RE\RGSRYtGDORMHGQDNYGRPRVWLRIDNWHFKNWHUpQHPXVHODNHUDPLþNDYåG\]QiW
MHGQDNRVWXSQLG$OHåLWRVWLVMDNRXE\ODWDWRIDNWDPH]LMHGQRWOLYFLYQtPiQD'DOãtP
IDNWRUHPRYOLYXMtFtPNXOWXUQLQIRUPDWLYQtKRGQRWXNHUDPLFNpYê]GRE\PRKOREêWL
124
YODVWQt]DPHQtWYDU$1HYãHFKQ\E\O\DVLSHGHPXUþHQ\SURNRQNUpWQtKRYODVWQtND
QHERMtPSRåDGRYiQ\ýiVWSURGXNFHPRKODEêWYWRPWRVP\VOXDQRQ\PQt7RE\
PRKOREêWLY\VYWOHQtP~SOQp]WUiW\]GREHQRVWLY]iYUXQHROLWXNG\NHUDPLND
SHVWDODEêWY\UiEQDSURSHGHPVSHFLILNRYDQpLQGLYLGXiOQtSRXåtYiQtDOH]DPHQD
YtFHQHER]FHODQDYêPQXDXQLYHUViOQtVSROHþHQVNRXSRWHEX
125
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "...le plan des hopitaux psychiatriques nous en apprend plus sur les individus
qui les dessinent, les batissent et les dirigent que sur ceux qui y sont
enfermés"...(Rapoport 1972: 177)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Domy kultury s lineární keramikou
6.0. Úvod
6.0.1. Neolitická architektura v mírném evropském pásmu
+LVWRULL]NRXPiQtQHROLWLFNêFKGRP$PH]LOHW\VKUQXO'Y%UDQGW
(1988: 36-38)9Qt]DXUþLWpNOtþRYpPRPHQW\O]HSRYDåRYDWOpWDD9H
VYpGQHVMLåNODVLFNpSUiFLRGPtWO23DUHW1948) teorii obytných jam jako
QHSUDNWLFNRXSURUR]YLQXWRXQHROLWLFNRXVSROHþQRVW=DRE\WQpVWDYE\R]QDþLO
REGpOQtNRYpVRXVWDY\N$ORYêFKMDPHNGRWpGRE\SRYDåRYDQp]DSR]$VWDWN\YHONêFK
VêSHN7DPWpåUHNRQVWUXRYDOVHGORYRXVWHFKXGRP$DXPtVWLOYFKRGGRGRPXYMLåQt
NUiWNpVWQ=iNODG\GRGQHVSRXåtYDQpW\SRORJLHQHROLWLFNêFKGRP$SRORåLOL+7
Waterbolk a P. J. R. Modderman (19596YRMLW\SRORJLLSRVWDYLOLQDU$]QpP
XVSRiGiQtWtþiVWtGRPXDQDNRQILJXUDFLYQLWQtFKN$O$YHVWHGQtþiVWL9
SRVOHGQtPGYDFHWLOHWtE\O\]SUDFRYiQ\WLGLVHUWDFH]DEêYDMtFtVHQHROLWLFNêPLGRP\]
QLFKåGYMLåE\O\SXEOLNRYiQ\Brandt 1988, Coudart 1998, Stäuble 1994).
Prací D. von Brandta z roku 1980 (1988O]HY\]QDþLWSRþiWN\DQDOê]\QHROLWLFNp
architektury zejména metrických charakteristik a základy její odborné rekonstrukce z
SRVLFHDUFKLWHNWD$XWRUY\SUDFRYDOYHOPLSRGUREQêV\VWpPSRSLVXFHOpKRS$GRU\VX
MHKRþiVWtLMHGQRWOLYêFKSUYN$.WRPXV\VWHPDWLFN\XVSRiGDOGRVXGSRXåtYDQRX
terminologii (Brandt 1988$EEDQDYUKORULJLQiOQtIRUPXR]QDþRYiQtSRGpOQêFK
DStþQêFKDGVXEVWUXNFHBrandt 1988: 64-65)7HQWRVY$MV\VWpPSRXåLOSURDQDOê]X
PHWULN\GRP$]HVtGOLãW/DQJZHLOHUDSRGDOWDNSRSUYpVRXVWDYXGDWSURMHGHQ
QiOH]RYêVRXERUQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\.URPWRKRVHWDNp]DEêYDOXFHOHQYãHPL
NRQVWUXNþQtPLGHWDLO\QHROLWLFNpKRGRPXDMHMLFKPRåQRXUHNRQVWUXNFt
Následující disertace A. Coudart zpracovaná v roce 1987 (1998) SLQHVODGRVWXGLD
QHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\VSROHþHQVNêUR]PU]DORåHQêSHGHYãtPQDSDUDOHOiFK]MLQêFK
VRXGREêFKNXOWXUQtFKREODVWt3RORåLODWtP]iNODG\DQWURSRORJLHVSHFLiOQQHROLWLFNp
DUFKLWHNWXU\NWHUpE\O\MLåGtYHYURFHIRUPXORYiQ\SUROLGVNiRE\GOt
YãHREHFQ(Rapoport 19723URDQDOê]X]QDN$SRXåLODYODVWQtYDULDQW\NYDOLWDWLYQtKR
SRSLVXS$GRU\VXDMHKRþiVWt)RUPXORYDODYHGOH]iNODGQtFKUR]PU$WDNpU$]Qp
SRPU\DNRHILFLHQW\'RLQGH[$YDULDELOLW\VKUQXODLQIRUPDFLRSRPUXMHGQRWOLYêFK
NYDOLWDWLYQtFKFKDUDNWHULVWLNYXUþLWêFKVRXERUHFK(Coudart 1998: 80). Koeficienty
SHUIRUPDQFHY\þtVOLODLQIRUPDFLREVDåHQRXYWFKWRSURPQQêFKSRþHWN$ORYêFK
MDPHNYS$GRU\VXYHOLNRVW]DVWHãHQpSORFK\DFHONRYiSORFKDSOiãWGRPXCoudart
1998: 3URWRåHDXWRUND]DKUQXODGRVYpSUiFHYHãNHUiGDWD]FHOpREODVWL
S$YRGQtKRUR]ãtHQtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXDåGRREGREtSR]GQtKRQHROLWX
PRKODVOHGRYDWYDULDELOLWXMHGQRWOLYêFK]QDN$YHYHONpPUR]SWtþDVXLSURVWRUX
126
Poslední z dosud zpracovaných analytických disertací (Stäuble 1994SRXåtYiGDWD
vymezená chronologicky nejstarší neolitickou architekturou specifického typu, který
MHFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQYQMãtPLåOiEN\9\WYRLOYODVWQtYDULDQWXSRSLVQpKRV\VWpPXY
QPå]MHGQRGXãLOQNWHUpþiVWLV\VWpPX'YRQ%UDQGWDStäuble 1994: 3L
XVSRiGiQt]QDN$VHLQVSLURYDOWHRUHWLFNRXMD]\NRYGRXDGHILQRYDOG$PMDNR
OH[LNiOQtMHGQRWNX6QDåLOVHURYQåRGGOLWPDWHULiOQtHPSLULFNiGDWDVLJQLILDQWRG
MHMLFKIXQNþQtLQWHUSUHWDFHVLJQLILp-HKR]QDN\MVRXUR]GOHQ\GRNDWHJRULtS$GRU\V
DMHKRþiVWLNRQVWUXNþQtWURMLFHGHWDLO\S$GRU\VXGRSURYRGQpMiP\6RXVWHGLOVHQD
SRGUREQRXPHWULNXMHGQRWOLYêFK]QDN$DQDLQWHUSUHWDFLSHGHYãtPYQMãtFKåOiEN$D
MHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtGRPX9QMãtåOiEN\LQWHUSUHWXMHMDNRSRGpOQpSDåHQt]SHYXMtFt
YODVWQtVWQ\GRPXYVRXKODVHVLQWHUSUHWDFt-/QLQJD1988: 290). Spolu s jinými
DXWRU\VHVKRGXMHYLQWHUSUHWDFLVWHGQtþiVWLMDNRRE\WQp3LQHVORULJLQiOQtYêNODGSUR
SHGQtþiVWYVWXSQtKRSURVWRUXNWHUêPRKOEêWRWHYHQSRVWUDQiFKWHG\VWQRYpN$O\
jen jako sloupy "verandy" (Stäuble 1994: 7tPYODVWQSRORåLORWi]NXMHGQRWQpKR
DVRXRVpKR]DVWHãHQtFHOpKRS$GRU\VX9LQWHUSUHWDFLVHYHUQtþiVWLVHRPH]LOQDU$]Qp
YDULDQW\]iVREQtKRSURVWRUX2VWDWQYWRPWRERGVHUR]FKi]tYWãLQDDXWRU$NWHtVH
touto otázkou zabývají.
6.0.2. Neolitická architektura v Bylanech
=iNODG\LQWHUSUHWDFHQHROLWLFNêFKS$GRU\V$YýHFKiFKSRORåLO%6RXGVNêYHVYp
studii o neolitickém domu (19699\FKi]HOSLWRP]S$GRU\VXOHQJ\HOVNpKRGRPX]
3RVWRORSUWNGHNURP]iNODGRYpREWL]DWtPQDMLQpPPtVWQHRSDNRYDQp
LQWHUSUHWRYDOSR]$VWDWN\þW\SHFtSoudský 1969: 43)-HMLFKStVOXãQRVWNGRPXE\OD
SR]GML]SRFK\EQQD(Modderman 1988: 'QHVMHSUDYGSRGREQMãtYêNODGåHVH
QHMHGQiR]E\WN\SHFtDOHSHGSHFQtFKMDP1HGRFKRYDQpSHFHYãDNYUiPFL
S$GRU\VXO]HSHGSRNOiGDW-HMLFKYêNODGMDNRSR]$VWDWN$GRPiFtFKNUE$E\OG$OHåLWê
SURGDOãtNRQVHNYHQWQtLQWHUSUHWDFLVWHGQtFKþiVWtOLQHiUQtFKGRP$MHMLFKåNROtVDMtFt
GpONXDXWRUSLVRXGLOU$]QpPXSRþWXURGLQMHåKRREêYDO\
'UXKêS$GRU\V]3RVWRORSUWSDWtNXOWXHVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXDSHGVWDYXMH
YêMLPHþQGORXKRXVWDYEX1DQtDXWRUGHPRQVWURYDOQHPRåQRVWStþQpYD]E\Y
WFKWRN$ORYêFKNRQVWUXNFtFKSoudský 1969: 1HSRNUDþRYDOYãDNYGDOãtFK
DQDOê]iFKGRP$]%\ODQDOHGRKRGOVHV3URI3-50RGGHUPDQHPRMHMLFK
EXGRXFtP]SUDFRYiQt7HQPOMLåSRþiWNHPãHGHViWêFKOHWERKDWp]NXãHQRVWLV
Yê]NXPHPQHROLWLFNêFKVWDYHEY1L]R]HPtDMHMLFKW\SRORJLtWUDGLþQYWpGRE
]DPRYDQRXQDFKURQRORJLL7XWRGRKRGXVHSRGDLORQDSOQLWDåSRYtFHQHåGYDFHWL
SWLOHWHFKNG\Y]QLNOD]DWtPMHGLQiVWXGLHRE\ODQVNêFKGRPHFKModderman 1986).
'DWD]WpWRVWXGLHMVRX]GHGiOHUR]YHGHQD%\ODRSUDYHQDMHQYQNROLNDPiOR
StSDGHFKNG\MHLQWHUSUHWDFHQHGRVWDWHþQGRFKRYDQêFKS$GRU\V$VSRUQiQHER
DOWHUQDWLYQtGRP\D1HMG$OHåLWMãtPYêVOHGNHPWpWRW\SRORJLHE\OR
SURNi]iQtSRPUQPDOpKRUR]SWtGpON\VWHGQtþiVWLGRP$DWRYHGYRXYDULDQWiFK
VHWHPLQHERSWLYQLWQtPLDGDPLModderman 1986: 7\WRS$GRU\V\VH
RSDNXMtYHYãHFKW\SHFKVWDYHEDSHGVWDYXMtQHMVStãHG$PREêYDQêMHGQRXQHER
GYPDURGLQDPL
6LWXDþQtDQDOê]DQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\
3RGREQMDNRXMLQêFKDUWHIDNW$MHKODYQtP\ãOHQNRXVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\PRåQRVW
U$]QêFKNODVLILNDFtXVSRiGDQêFKSRGOHSRXåLWêFK]QDN$GRWtNDWHJRULtWYDUGHVpQD
VW\O9NDåGpWpWRNDWHJRULLMVRX]QDN\SRNXGMHWRPRåQpNYDQWLILNRYiQ\D
VOHGRYiQRMHMLFKFKRYiQtYSURVWRUXþDVRSURVWRURYêFKVRXERU$,QWHUSUHWDFHMHMLFK
127
FKRYiQtYWFKWRSURVWRUHFKVPXMHNFKDUDNWHULVWLFHWYDUXGHVpQXDVW\OXGDQpKR
DUWHIDNWXYHVYWI\]LFNêFKVNXWHþQRVWt]QDNRYêFKKRGQRWDP\ãOHQNRYêFK
SRVWXS$GDQpNXOWXU\3DYO$96).
&KDUDNWHULVWLNDWYDUXS$GRU\VXMHGiQDGpONRãtNRYêPLQGH[HP9VLWXDþQtDQDOê]H
QHMSUYHXYiGtPHGHILQLFLIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHNWHUiMH]DORåHQDQDWtGiFKXUþHQêFK
MHGQDNWtPWRGpONRãtNRYêPLQGH[HPMDNRXND]DWHOHPWYDUXS$GRU\VXMHGQDN
YHOLNRVWt]DVWRXSHQRXGpONRXVWHGQtþiVWLGRPX9WRPWRIRUPiOQtPWtGQtVHMLå
SURMHYXMtXUþLWpREODVWQtUR]GtO\%\ODQVNpGRP\VHSHNUêYDMtþiVWHþQVUR]PU\
GRP$Y3RUêQtNGHDOHFK\EtVNXSLQDNUiWNêFKGRP$1DRSDNQDYêFKRGQtKUDQLFL
UR]ãtHQtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXYHâW~URYXMVRXPODGROLQHiUQtGRP\YêUD]Q
ãLUãtUR]SWt±PQHåY]iSDGQMãtFKREODVWHFK=QDPHQiWRåHDUFKLWHNWXUD
YHYêFKRGQtREODVWLSHGVWDYXMHYSU$PUXYWãt]DVWHãHQRXSORFKXQHåQD]iSDG
(Pavúk 1994: 6WDWLNXNRQVWUXNFHO]HFKDUDNWHUL]RYDWSRPUHPSU$PUXN$O$D
jejich zahloubení (Meyer-Christian 1976: 3UDFQRVWE\ODVOHGRYiQDSURVWHGQLFWYtP
vztahu mezLSU$PUHPDGpONRXN$O$SRXåLWêFKNHVWDYE
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFLSHGVWDYXMHþOHQQtS$GRU\VXQDWLþiVWLDMHMLFKNRPELQDFH-H
]DORåHQDQDUR]OLãHQtMiGUDGRPXYHVWHGQtþiVWL-LåQtþiVWNWHUiQHPXVtEêWYåG\
]DVWRXSHQDSHGVWDYXMHYVWXSQtSURVWRUNWHUêE\OVLFH]DVWHãHQDOHPRKOPtWMHQ
VWQXVMHGQRGXããtNRQVWUXNFtýDVWp]KXãWQtNRQVWUXNþQtFKN$O$VHLQWHUSUHWXMH
YHVPVMDNRNRQVWUXNFHSRGODåt7RPRKORVORXåLW]DGDOãt]iVREQtSURVWRUSURWRåH
KRUQtþiVWGRPXQHE\ODSUR]DNRXHQtYKRGQiNREêYiQt1HMVSRUQMãtMVRXYêNODG\
VHYHUQtþiVWLGRP$NWHUiMHWDNpQHMYtFHYDULDELOQt9êNRQQRVWFHOpNRQVWUXNFHMHGiQD
SRPUHP]DVWHãHQpSORFK\NSRþWXYãHFKNRQVWUXNþQtFKN$O$VURYCoudart 1998:
3RXåLWêNRHILFLHQW4(D]iURYHFKDUDNWHUL]XMHHNRQRPLþQRVWNDåGpVWDYE\
6W\OLVWLFNRXYDULDELOLWXXGiYDMtU$]QpGUXK\VHVNXSHQtYQLWQtFKWURMLFNWHUpVHOLãtYH
WHFKKODYQtFKREODVWHFKCoudart 1998: 28). Rozlišuje se pravidelnost a hustota
WURMLF3UR]iSDGQtREODVWMHW\SLFNpU\WPLFNpXVSRiGiQtYQLWQtFKWURMLFNWHUp
Y\WYiHMtYêUD]QpNRULGRU\MDNPH]LVWHGQtDVHYHUQtþiVWtGRPXWDNLPH]LVWHGQtD
MLåQt3R]GMãtWUDSp]RYLWpS$GRU\V\GRP$VHY\]QDþXMtSUDYLGHOQêPDOHtGNêP
XVSRiGiQtPYQLWQtFKN$O$9HVWHGQtREODVWLYþHWQþHVNpKR~]HPtSDQXMHYWRPWR
NULWHULX]QDþQiUR]PDQLWRVWCoudart 1998: 93)7URMLFHMVRXWDPVStãHXVSRiGiQ\
GRVWLQHSUDYLGHOQFRåWDNpSRGSRURYDORPMYêNODGRDEVHQFLStþQpYD]E\YKODYQt
konstrukci (Soudský 1969: 9HYêFKRGQtREODVWLSHYOiGiKXVWpD]HQtDWRMDN
SUDYLGHOQpWDNLU\WPLFN\XVSRiGDQp. 3UR%\ODQ\MHKUDQLFHKXVWêFKDtGNêFKWURMLF
VWDQRYHQDSREOtåSU$PUQpKRGQRW\MHMLFKY]GiOHQRVWLNWHUiþLQtP9NRPELQDFL
VWYDUHPS$GRU\V$NWHUêVHY\YtMHOSRVWXSQNH]~åHQpVHYHUQtþiVWLMVRX
Y\SUDFRYiQ\SURWRW\S\GRP$3RPUHPQHMþDVWMãtYDULDQW\VW\OXNRQVWUXNFHO]HWDNp
Y\MiGLWFHONRYRXYDULDELOLWXGRP$YSURVWRURYêFKLþDVRYêFK~VHFtFKREUD
=iNODGQtNODVLILNDFHPDOpVWHGQtYHONpGRP\
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDS$GRU\VXGpONDDãtND
&HONRYiGpONDGRP$1 VHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tRGPG$PGRP
G$PVSU$PUHPV 1HQt]FHODSUDYLGHOQiDMHMtSU$EKYêUD]Q
NOHViYKRGQRWP7DY\]QDþXMH]HMPKRUQtKUDQLFLNUiWNêFKS$GRU\V$
'ORXKpS$GRU\V\O]HRGGOLWRGVWHGQtFKKRGQRWRX]KUXEDGYRMQiVREQRXWMP
&HONRYiãtNDGRP$NWHURX]GH]DVWXSXMHãtNDVWHGQtþiVWLNROtViYUR]PH]tRG
PG$PGRPG$PVSU$PUHPPV 3U$EKMHMtKRUR]GOHQt
128
þHWQRVWtSRNOHViYKRGQRWiFKPDP2ED]iNODGQtUR]PU\GRP$GpONDD
ãtNDStOLãY]iMHPQQHNRUHOXMt5 1 ([WUpPQQt]NpKRGQRW\SUR
GpONXLãtNXE\O\]D]QDPHQiQ\SURQH~SOQpS$GRU\V\GRP$DWDNåHVH
QHMHGQiRVNXWHþQpPLQLPXP([WUpPQY\VRNpKRGQRW\SURGRP\DMVRX
QDRSDNVSROHKOLY]MLãWQ\DGiYDMtPD[LPXPFHONRYpGpON\GRP$LMHMLFKãtN\
9]KOHGHPNWPWRIDNW$PVH]GiåHVDPRWQiGpONDDãtNDGRP$QHMVRX
QHMYKRGQMãtPXND]DWHOHPWYDUXS$GRU\VX3URWRE\ODVOHGRYiQDMHãWVDPRVWDWQ
YHOLNRVWVWHGQtþiVWLGRPX7DMHVSROHþQiYãHPS$GRU\V$PQHER"VWHGQtþiVWWYRt
QHSRFK\EQMiGURNDåGpKRGRPX.URPWRKREêYiFHONRYiGpONDGRP$VSROHKOLY
PLWHOQiMHQYPHQãtPSRþWXStSDG$YHVURYQiQtVPLWHOQRVWtGpON\VWHGQtþiVWL
(obr. 6.1.1.a.).
=iNODGQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNDYHOLNRVWLS$GRU\VXLQGH[DGpONDVWHGQtþiVWL
domu
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtGpONRãtNRYpKRLQGH[XNWHUêMHSRþtWiQMDNRSHYUiFHQêSRPU
ãtN\NXGpOFHNROtViYUR]PH]tKRGQRWRGG$PStSDGQG$P
GRG$PDGRVDKXMHSU$PUQpKRGQRW\V -HGRVWLQHURYQRPUQpV
YêUD]QêPPRGiOQtPþOHQQtPYKRGQRWiFK±±
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtSURGpONXVWHGQtþiVWLMHYêUD]QNRPSDNWQtSRK\EXMHVHY
UR]PH]tRGPG$PStSDGQSURG$PGRPG$PV
SU$PUQRXKRGQRWRXPV -HKRSU$EKNROtViMHQYKRGQRWiFKPD
P3URQHMQLåãtH[WUpP\SODWtREGREQMLVWpSRFK\EQRVWLYStSDGQH~SOQpKR
S$GRU\VXGRPX6SROHKOLYpMHPD[LPXPLQGH[XXGRPXSRGREQMDNRGUXKi
QHMY\ããtKRGQRWDSURG$P=DWRGpONDVWHGQtþiVWLGRPXQHPXVtEêW
]DUXþHQDY]KOHGHPNQHMLVWpPXþOHQQtWRKRWRS$GRU\VXModderman 1986: 389).
'pON\VWHGQtFKþiVWtGRP$SHVDKXMtMHQYêMLPHþQPPD[LPXPSURG$PMH
25.2 m) (obr. 6.1.2.a.).
)RUPiOQtNODVLILNDFHGRP$
9ãHFKQ\XYHGHQpFKDUDNWHULVWLN\WYDUXWMGpOND'ãtNDâLQGH[â'LGpOND
VWHGQtþiVWLGRP$Y\ND]XMtXUþLWpPRGDOLWQtUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWt3URWRE\VHMDNR
MHGQR]PRåQêFKVFKpPDWSURIRUPiOQtWtGQtQDEt]HO\SDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\GpON\V
KUDQLFHPLY±±±PDãtN\VKUDQLFHPLY±±±P
9]KOHGHPNH]HWHOQpPXVWUXNWXURYiQtS$GRU\V$QDþiVWLQDQLFKåMHYGDOãtP
SRVWDYHQDIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHVRXGtPåHEXGHYKRGQMãtSRXåtWSURIRUPiOQt
NODVLILNDFLNRPSOH[QMãtFK]QDN$7PLMVRXSDUDGLJPDWLFNpWtG\Y]QLNOpSU$QLNHP
WtGGpONRãtNRYpKRLQGH[XDGpON\VWHGQtþiVWL
+UDQLFHLQGH[XE\PO\EêWYKRGQRWiFKPPDPKUDQLFHGpON\VWHGQt
þiVWLYPDP3URWRåHREUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtE\ODSLNUDWãtFKLQWHUYDOHFK
SURLQGH[DSURGpONXPGRVWLþOHQQiVOHGRYiQRE\ORMHãWFKRYiQtKRGQRWY
širších intervalech (pro index 0.4 a pro délku 2 m). Na takto komprimovaných škálách
VHYRERXUR]GOHQtFKSURMHYXMtYêUD]QSUDYLGHOQiVHVNXSHQtGRP$YþiVWLQLåãtFK
KRGQRWDPpQURYQRPUQpUR]GOHQtXY\ããtFKKRGQRW3URWR]DKUDQLFH
SDUDGLJPDWLFNêFKWtGE\O\SLMDW\KRGQRW\GpONRãtNRYpKRLQGH[XDPGpON\
VWHGQtþiVWLGRPX
9êVOHGQpIRUPiOQtWtGQt]DKUQXMHSRWRPWLWtG\GRP$NUDWãtãLUãt
NUDWãtXåãtDGHOãtXåãtNWHUpO]H]MHGQRGXãHQR]QDþLWMDNRPDOpVWHGQtDYHONp
129
7HWtSDUDGLJPDWLFNiWtGDGHOãtFKDãLUãtFKGRP$]$VWiYiY%\ODQHFKY]KOHGHPNH
NRUHODFLSRXåLWêFK]QDN$QHREVD]HQD&K\Et]GHWHG\GRP\MHMLFKåGpONRãtNRYê
LQGH[E\E\OQLåãtQHåDSLWRPE\GpONDMHMLFKVWHGQtþiVWLSHVDKRYDODP9
SRUêQVNpREODVWLLYHâW~URYXFK\EtY$EHFS$GRU\V\VLQGH[HPQLåãtPQHå(Pavúk
1994: $EE9êMLPHþQêE\E\OG$P]HâW~URYDNWHUêPiLQGH[D
GpONXP7HQE\WXGtåVSDGDOWDNpMHãWGRSUYQtWtG\WpWRIRUPiOQtNODVLILNDFH
&KURQRORJLFNiYDULDELOLWDS$GRU\V$
5HODWLYQt]DVWRXSHQtIRUPiOQtFKW\S$GRP$QHY\ND]XMHåiGQRXSUDYLGHOQRXWHQGHQFL
YSRVORXSQRVWLVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t9SWLIi]tFKDMHYNDåGpMHQ
MHGHQWDNWRNODVLILNRYDWHOQêS$GRU\V&HONRYSHYOiGiSUYQtW\SXåãtKRNUDWãtKRWM
PHQãtKRGRPX]E\WHNVHVNRURURYQRPUQGOtPH]LGUXKpGYDW\S\
D7\SYHONêFKGRP$FK\EtYHYWãLQIi]tD
W\SVWHGQtKRGRPXYHIi]tFKYFHOpSRORYLQIi]t
$QLSRURYQiQtVLQWHUSUHWRYDQêPL]PQDPLDREQRYHQtP]iVWDYE\DUHiOX%<
QHNRUHOXMHQLMDNYêUD]QVWPLWRRGFK\ONDPL5R]GtO\YWDEXOFHUHODWLYQtFKþHWQRVWt
QHMVRXVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpFKT GI S FRåSRWYU]XMHåH
NODVLILNDFHGRP$QD]iNODGQtIRUP\SRGOHYHOLNRVWLDWYDUXQHPiFKURQRORJLFNê
význam.
9]KOHGHPNDEVHQFLþDVRYêFKSUDYLGHOQRVWtUHODWLYQtFKKRGQRWMHGQRWOLYêFKW\S$E\O
Y\SRþWHQNRHILFLHQWYDULDELOLW\Coudart 1998: NWHUêEHUHRKOHGMDNQDSRþHW
]DVWRXSHQêFKW\S$YHIi]LWDNLQDPD[LPiOQtYêVN\WXUþLWpKRW\SX3RVORXSQRVW
WFKWRNRHILFLHQW$MLåY\ND]XMHMLVWpSUDYLGHOQRVWL0D[LPiOQtKRGQRW\GRVDKXMHWHQWR
NRHILFLHQWYStSDGåHMVRXW\S\UR]ORåHQ\YVRXERUX]FHODURYQRPUQFRåMH
StSDGIi]H-HVWOLåHVHUR]OLãtQLåãtDY\ããtKRGQRW\NRHILFLHQWXYDULDELOLW\QD
KRGQRW9$5 SRWRPY\QLNiWpPSUDYLGHOQpNROtViQtWFKWRGYRMtFKKRGQRW9
SRþiWNXDQDNRQFLYêYRMHVHSURMHYXMHQt]NiYDULDELOLWDV\QFKURQQtFKVWDYHE9
SU$EKXNODVLFNpKRYêYRMHVWHGQtKRDPODGãtKRVWXSQRGGRIi]HY\QLNi
SUDYLGHOQpVWtGiQtQLåãtFKDY\ããtFKKRGQRW-HPRåQRYQLFKVSDWRYDWMDNpVLPDOp
F\NO\VNOHVDMtFtQHERQDRSDNURVWRXFtWHQGHQFt3RIi]LU$]QRURGêFKVWDYHEQiVOHGXMH
YåG\REGREtQNROLNDVStãHPHQãtFKDIRUPiOQQHGLIHUHQFRYDQêFKGRP$0RKORE\
WREêW]QiPNRXMDNpVLSXOVDFHYHVORåHQtDYHOLNRVWLURGLQYUiPFLRPH]HQpKRSRþWX
následných generací (tab. 6.1.4.A.).
(NRQRPLNDVWDYE\GRP$
6.2.1. Adaptace stavby a modelové domy
1HROLWLFNêG$PMHFKDUDNWHUL]RYiQN$ORYRXNRQVWUXNFtNWHUiQHVHVWHFKXDWYRt
NRVWUXVWQ9WRPWRDUFKLWHNWRQLFNpPSULQFLSXO]HVSDWRYDW]iNODGQtSL]S$VREHQt
DUFKLWHNWXU\NOLPDWLFNêPSRGPtQNiPVWHGRHYURSVNpKRPtUQpKRSiVPDDMHKR
QHMGRVWXSQMãtPXVWDYHEQtPXPDWHULiOX$þNROLYDUFKHRORJLFNpSR]$VWDWN\
NRQVWUXNFHGiYDMtPiORSURPQOLYêREUD]GDMtVHUR]OLãLWQHMPpQþW\LU$]QiHãHQtN
QLPåEKHPYêYRMHGRãOR3HGHYãtPMVRXWRVWDUãtDPODGãtNRQVWUXNFHGRPXNXOWXU\
s lineární keramikou (Stäuble 1994: MHMLFKåSRVWXSQpVWtGiQtO]HVOHGRYDWY
SU$EKXVWDUãtKRREGREtVWHGQtKRVWXSQ
9%\ODQHFKMHVWDUãtW\SGRORåHQYIi]LMHKRUHVLGXDVHREMHYXMtMHãWGR
RSWLPiOQtHWDS\VWHGQtKRVWXSQYDUHiOX0LVNRYLFH3DYO$b). V dalším
130
YêYRMLSHYOiGiNRQVWUXNFHVH]GYRMHQêPLYQMãtPLDGDPLNWHUpEêYDMtYHVWHGQt
þiVWLS$GRU\VXY\NOHQXWpFRåMHW\SLFNiDUFKLWHNWXUDVWDUãtKRREGREtNXOWXU\V
vypíchanou keramikou a postlineárního vývoje v západních oblastech. Posledním
VWDGLHPYêYRMHQHROLWLFNpKRGRPXMVRXYHONpWUDSH]RYLWpS$GRU\V\VYêUD]QêP
REYRGRYêPåODEHPW\SLFNpSURSR]GQOHQJ\HOVNêVWXSHSoudský 1969, Coudart
1998).
9XYHGHQêFKNRQVWUXNþQtFKW\SHFKVHRGUiåtYêYRMU$]QêFKIRUHPHãHQt
]DVWHãHQpKRSURVWRUXYLQWHQFtFKQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\.RQVWUXNFHNURYXE\ODSR
SRþiWHþQtPKOHGiQtQHMYKRGQMãtKR]S$VREXSHQHVHQDQDVRXVWDYXYQLWQtFKN$O$
3RVWXSHPGRE\VHSDNMHKRKODYQtEHPHQRSHVRXYiQDYQMãtVWQ\DYQLWQtSURVWRU
VHXYROXMH9%\ODQHFKMHGREHSDWUQêYêYRMVWDUãtLNODVLFNpNRQVWUXNFH9ãHFKQ\
]GHRGNU\WpVWDYE\QHQHVRXVWHMQSDWUQpSUYN\W\SLFNpNRQVWUXNFH7\VHSURMHYXMt
SHGHYãtPXY\EUDQêFKGRP$MHMLFKåVWDYEiPE\OD]HMPYQRYiQDPLPRiGQi
SR]RUQRVW0RKRXVORXåLWMDNRMDNpVLPRGHORYpStSDG\MHMLFKåVWDQGDUGO]H
VURYQiYDWVRVWDWQtPL-HGQiVHRGRP\D9WFKWRS$GRU\VHFKE\O\
SHGHYãtPGRNXPHQWRYiQ\YHYWãtPSRþWXRWLVN\YODVWQtFKN$O$YN$ORYêFKMDPNiFK
NWHUpPRKRXEêW]iNODGHP~YDKRLGHiOQtUHNRQVWUXNFLVWDYHEQtNRVWU\GRP$9
RVWDWQtFKStSDGHFKMHPRåQRXVX]RYDWQDVORåHQtNRQVWUXNFHMHQSRGOHYHOLNRVWL
N$ORYêFKMDPHN3RNXVtPVHRGYRGLWNRUHODFHYHOLNRVWLN$O$DMDPHNNWHUpE\PRKO\
EêWSRXåLW\SURFKDUDNWHULVWLNXMHGQRWOLYêFKVWDYHE
2Wi]N\SHYQRVWLVWDYHEQtNRQVWUXNFHVWHMQMDNRSRWHEDPDWHULiOXVRXYLVHMtV
UHNRQVWUXNFtQDG]HPQtþiVWL3UYQtSUHPLVRXWpWRUHNRQVWUXNFHMHVNORQVWHFK\D
GUXKRXRGKDGRYDQiYêãNDVWQ\=DWtPFRSURVNORQVWHFK\VHYWãLQDDXWRU$VKRGXMH
QDVWXSQtFKMDNRRSWLPiOQtPXVNORQXYHVWHGRHYURSVNêFKSRGPtQNiFKVURY
3DYO$, kde byl sklon odhadován na 35oYRWi]FHYêãN\VWQ\VHQDRSDN
UR]FKi]HMt.YHOPLQt]NpPXRGKDGXVWQ\RYêãFHPGRVSOQD]iNODG
SRVRX]HQtPRåQêFKYDULDQW:0H\HU&KULVWLDQ1976: '$VOHGNHPWRKRWR
Qt]NpKRRGKDGXE\ORSRWRP]DPtWQXWtGUXKpKRSRGODåtYMLåQtþiVWLNWHUiE\E\OD
SLWRPQHSU$FKRGQi'Y%UDQGWRGKDGRYDOPRåQRXYêãNXVWQ\SRGOH
SHGSRNOiGDQpKRSHVDKXVWHFK\DSRORK\VWDYHEQtFKMDPDGRVSONH
kompromisnímu odhadu 1.50 m (1988: 262). Uvádí se však i výška 1.75 m (Startin
1978: 3RNXV\VQDSRGREHQtPVWDYE\XNi]DO\åHVWQDP$åHGRVDKRYDWDå
SU$PUQpYêãN\SRVWDYQHROLWLN$DE\PRKOEêWY\XåLWLSURVWRUSREOtåVWQ\
(Pleinerová 19843URSRWHE\WpWRDQDOê]\SHGSRNOiGiPYêãNXQDG]HPQtþiVWL
YQMãtFKN$O$RGpOFHPFRåYHGHVSROXVXYDåRYDQêPVNORQHPNUHNRQVWUXNFL
KEHWXVWHFK\GRYêãN\RNRORP
'$PSHGVWDYXMHPRGHORYRXNRQVWUXNFL(Modderman 1986: VGREH
GRNXPHQWRYDQêPLRWLVN\N$O$9êMLPHþQXWRKRWRGRPXFK\EtYQMãtN$O\SRGpO
VWHGRYpþiVWLNWHUpY~URYQLYê]NXPXQHE\O\]DFK\FHQ\3DWUQE\ODYQLWQt
NRQVWUXNFHQDWROLNSHYQiåHVWQ\PRKO\EêW]DKORXEHQ\MHQPOFHSRNXGQHE\O\
NRQVWUXRYiQ\QMDNêPMLQêP]S$VREHP.GRNXPHQWRYDQpPX]DKORXEHQtMH
SLSRþtWiQDVNUêYNDQHMPpQPDSHGSRNOiGDQiHUR]HP3RWRPVHFHONRYp
]DKORXEHQtYQLWQtFKN$O$SRK\EXMHYSU$PUXRNRORPFRåGRVDKXMH
SHGSRNOiGDQpKRPLQLPDMeyer-Christian 1976: 9êFKRGQtYQLWQtDGDMHY
SU$PUX]DKORXEHQMãtQHåVWHGRYi5HODWLYQt]DSXãWQtN$O$GR]HPMHYãDN
YêUD]QY\ããtSURVWQRYpDG\SRþtWiQRRG]iSDGX
UHNRQVWUXRYDQpGpON\N$O$
131
7DWRUHNRQVWUXNFHXND]XMHåHVWDWLNDVWDYE\E\ODYHOPLGREUi&HONRYêSU$PUQê
REMHP]DKORXEHQpþiVWLYãHFKWtYQLWQtFKN$O$SURMHGQXSU$PUQRXWURMLFLE\E\O
164.7 dm3]DWtPFRFHONRYêREMHPN$O$E\E\OYSU$PUXGP3. Vztah odporu
KOtQ\RQtåVHN$ORStUiDVtO\NWHURXMHN$OSL]DWtåHQtSiþHQ]H]HPMHGiQ
SRPUHPWFKWRKRGQRW'DOãtSRWHEQRXYHOLþLQXMeyer-Christian 1976: 5) pro
SRVRX]HQtVWDWLFNêFKSRGPtQHNVWDYE\NWHURXMHYD]NRVWVSUDãHO]HSRYDåRYDWY
%\ODQHFK]DNRQVWDQWQt3URG$PMHVURYQDWHOQêVRXþHWREMHPX]DKORXEHQêFK
þiVWtMHGQpSU$PUQpWURMLFHYQLWQtFKN$O$QLåãtDGRVDKXMHKRGQRW\GP3,
]iURYHLFHONRYiUHNRQVWUXRYDQiKPRWQRVWN$O$MHQLåãtGP33RPUREMHPX
N$O$YMHGQpWURMLFLNMHMLFK]DKORXEHQpþiVWLMHYRERXStSDGHFKREGREQêSUR
G$PDSURG$P7HQWRSRGtOMHPRåQRSRNOiGDW]DNRHILFLHQW
FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtFHONRYRXVWDWLNXVWDYE\ýtPY\ããtWtPE\ODVWDELOLWDNRQVWUXNFH
YWãt.G\E\QDSN$O\E\O\]DKORXEHQ\GRSRORYLQ\VYpGpON\GRVDKRYDOE\WHQWR
koeficient hodnoty 0.50.
3RQNXGMLQêFKDUDNWHUPiNRQVWUXNFHGRPX3HGHYãtPYãHFKQ\MHKRN$O\MVRX
YSU$PUXWHQþtQHåXSHGFKi]HMtFtFKGYRXGRP$-HMLFKSU$PU\VHSRK\EXMtRNROR
FP7DNpMVRXPpQ]DKORXEHQ\FRåYãDNP$åHEêW]S$VREHQRSHGSRNOiGDQRX
Y\ããtHUR]tYWFKWRPtVWHFKDUHiOX5HODWLYQt]DSXãWQtMHYãDNSRGREQpSRþtWiQRRG
]iSDGXFHONRYpGpON\3$GRU\VVHY\]QDþXMHWURMLFtYHONêFKN$O$
QDUR]KUDQtVWHGQtDVHYHUQtþiVWLNWHUpGRVDKXMtSU$PUXFPDKORXEN\
FP'iOHMVRXSRGpOVWHGQtþiVWLYQMãtåOiEN\EH]HVWRSYHUWLNiOQtKR]DKORXEHQt
N$O$/]HSLMPRXWK\SRWp]XStäuble 1994: åHVHMHGQiRSRGpOQpSDåHQtMHKRå
~þHOHPE\OR]SHYQQt]iNODG$VWQ\9QPE\SDNPRKO\EêWSRGpOQ]DNRWYHQ\
QMDNpIRãQ\RQåE\VHRStUDO\SHVDKXMtFtNURNYHVWHFK\0RKORE\WREêWMHGQR]
NRQVWUXNþQtFKHãHQtYGRESRþiWN$N$ORYêFKNRQVWUXNFtSURQåE\O\KOHGiQ\U$]Qp
]S$VRE\]SHYQQtFHOpNRQVWUXNFH7HQWR]S$VREVHSR]GMLXNi]DOMDNRQDGE\WHþQê
DOHQHO]HtFL]GDE\OQDKUD]HQXPODGãtKRW\SXQMDNêPMLQêPGHWDLOHPNRQVWUXNFH
který se v substrukci nedochoval. Podobnou úlohu mohla hrát i trojice hlubokých
N$O$7DEêYiSRNOiGiQD]DMDNpVLMiGURNRQVWUXNFHNQPXåVHRVWDWQtþiVWLSLStQDO\
(Stäuble 1994: 3HVUR]GtOQêFKDUDNWHUNRQVWUXNFHGRPXMHMHKRNRHILFLHQW
VWDWLN\WMSRGtOREMHPX]DKORXEHQpþiVWLDREMHPXFHONRYpUHNRQVWUXRYDQpGpON\
N$O$YMHGQpSU$PUQpWURMLFLVKRGQêVGRPHP
1tåHE\OREGREQêNRHILFLHQWSRþtWiQSURYãHFKQ\GRP\3URWRåHQHE\ORPRåQRQD
YãHFKPtVWHFKDUHiOXUHNRQVWUXRYDWSHVQYêãNXVNU\WpRUQLFHDSHGSRNOiGDQRX
HUR]LE\ORYGDOãtPSLSRþtWiYiQRN]DKORXEHQpþiVWLMHGQRWQPQD]iNODG
RGKDGXSU$PUQpVNUêYN\DHUR]H.RHILFLHQWE\OSHSRþtWiQSURFHOpSWLFHN$O$D
þLQtSURYêãHXYDåRYDQpGRP\ D 3LWDNWR
]PQQpPHWRGLFHYêSRþWXNRHILFLHQWXVWDWLN\E\VWDELOLWDNRQVWUXNFHQHMVWDUãtKR
GRPXE\ODQLåãt7RE\NRUHVSRQGRYDORVStSDGQRX~ORKRXERþQtFKåOiEN$NWHUp
E\O\SRWHEQpMDNR]SHYXMtFtSUYHNFHOpNRQVWUXNFHREUDWDE$WDE
6.2.1.B., tab. 6.2.1.C.).
6.2.2. Stavební materiál a jeho objem
3URVWDQRYHQtFHONRYpVSRWHE\PDWHULiOXQDVWDYEXGRPXDQiVOHGQSURRGKDG
SUDFQRVWLVWDYE\E\ORQXWQREOtåHRGKDGQRXWSU$PUDGpONXYQLWQtFKSRGSUDN$O$
NRVWU\YQMãtFKVWQ2GKDGGpON\N$O$E\O]DORåHQQDVWHMQêFKSUHPLViFKMDNRYêãH
SRGOHQLFKåE\ODSU$PUQiYêãNDVWQ\VWDQRYHQDQDPDVNORQVWHFK\QD
VWXS$'pONDN$O$YNRVWHVWQMHSRWRPVRXþWHPMHMLFKSHGSRNOiGDQpYêãN\
132
RGKDGRYDQpHUR]HYþHWQVNUêYN\Yê]NXPXDVNXWHþQpKR]MLãWQpKR]DKORXEHQtN$O$
(Dk [FP'pONXYQLWQtFKSRGSUMHQXWQR]YêãLWRþiVWSHVDKXMtFt
YêãNXVWQ\NWHUiMHSLVNORQXVWHFK\VWXS$VKRGQiVSU$PUQRXY]GiOHQRVWt
VWQRGVWHGRYpDG\StSDGQRGYQLWQtFKDG
2GKDGVNXWHþQpKR]DKORXEHQtN$O$DMHMLFKSU$PU$VH]DNOiGiQDVOHGRYiQtNRUHODFH
KORXEN\DSU$PUXN$ORYêFKMDPHNYStSDGHFKNG\E\O\]MLãWQ\RWLVN\YODVWQtKR
N$OX7DNRYêFKWRStSDG$E\ORVOHGRYiQRFHONHPYþHWQYêãHXYHGHQêFK
PRGHORYêFKGRP$3URWRåHQHE\OD]QiPDSHGHPFKURQRORJLFNi
YDULDELOLWDWpWRNRUHODFHE\O\]MLãWQpStSDG\VOHGRYiQ\YHWHFKþDVRYêFKVNXSLQiFK
Ii]HD8Ni]DORVHåHNRUHODFHWFKWRYHOLþLQGRVWLNROtVi1t]Np
KRGQRW\GiYiSHGHYãtPY]WDKSU$PUXN$ORYêFKMDPHNDSU$PUXN$O$SRQNXG
Y\ããtKRGQRW\SRVN\WXMHY]WDK]DKORXEHQtWDE$3RGOHVWHGQtFKKRGQRW
]DXMtPDMtN$O\DVLMHGQXWHWLQXSU$PUXMDPHNDGYWHWLQ\MHMLFKKORXEN\7\WR
SRPU\E\O\Y\þtVOHQ\SURNDåGRXNRQVWUXNþQtDGX]YOiã"YHWHFKVNXSLQiFKIi]t
5R]SWtSRPU$QHQtStOLãYHOLNpDMHGiQRKRGQRWDPLSURSU$PU\N$O$D
SURMHMLFKKORXEN\7PLWRNRHILFLHQW\SDNE\O\Y\QiVREHQ\SU$PUQp
YHOLNRVWLN$ORYêFKMDPHNYNDåGpPGRP]YOiã"SURMHGQRWOLYpSRGpOQpDG\
9êVOHGNHPMHMHGHQ]PRåQêFKRGKDG$YHOLNRVWLYODVWQtFKN$O$YNDåGpPGRPWDE
%1HE\ORPRåQRSRXåtWUHJUHVQtURYQLFH]WFKWRVRXERU$NWHUpVH
Y\]QDþRYDO\QLåãtNRUHODFtWFKWRRGKDGRYDQêFKKRGQRW
1D]iNODGSRSVDQêFKYêSRþW$MVRXNGLVSR]LFLRGKDG\SU$PUQêFKSRGSU
NRQVWUXNFHYNDåGpSRGpOQpDGS$GRU\V$FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtYDULDELOQtNRQVWUXNFL
MHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$9]KOHGHPNWRPXåHYãHFKQ\YêSRþW\MVRXQHSRFK\EQ]DWtåHQ\
DGRXNXPXOXMtFtFKVHFK\ERPH]XMtVHRGKDG\QDSRGS$UQRXNRQVWUXNFLNURYXD
NRVWUXVWQ6SRWHEDGDOãtKRPDWHULiOXLSUiFHEXGHYtFHPpQ~PUQiWPWRKODYQtP
XND]DWHO$PDMHMLFK]DYiGQtE\VRKOHGHPQDPRåQpKURPDGQtGDOãtFKFK\EMHQ
]DWHPRYDORYêVOHGQêREUD]9VRXERUXE\ODQVNêFKGRP$NROtViRGKDGRYDQiFHONRYi
GpONDVWHGQtFKSRGSUPH]LDFPGRP\DSU$PUN$O$VWHGQt
DG\PH]LDåFPGRP\DD]DKORXEHQtN$O$VWHGQtDG\PH]LD
cm (domy 80 a 41).
3URNRVWUX]iSDGQtVWQ\MHQDRSDNFHONRYQLåãtUR]PH]tSU$PU$N$O$PH]LD
FPGRP\DDUR]SWtKORXEHNPH]LDFPGRP\D
9\SRþWHQiUR]SWtMVRXGRMLVWpPtU\RYOLYQQD]S$VREHPYê]NXPXN$ORYêFKMDPHND
MHMLFKUR]SR]QDWHOQRVWtYWHUpQX3HVWRVRXGtPåHGiYDMtSRXåLWHOQiGDWDSUR
SRVRX]HQtYDULDELOLW\NRQVWUXNFHMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$7DWRGDWDMVRXSRGUREQMãtQHå
E\E\OQMDNêVRXKUQQêRGKDGMDNMHXYiGQRYOLWHUDWXH:6WDUWLQSUDFXMHV
RGKDGHPSU$PUXN$O$FPSURYQMãtDG\DFPSURYQLWQtDG\1978:
153)6NXWHþQiYDULDELOLWDNRQVWUXNþQtKRPDWHULiOXE\ODQHSRFK\EQY\ããt9QLWQt
N$O\PRKO\YQNWHUêFKStSDGHFKEêWPQRKHPWHQþtMDNVHXNi]DORYêãHYStSDG
GRPXDQLåE\WRRYOLYQLORSRGVWDWQVWDWLNXFHOpNRQVWUXNFH
9QLWQtNRQVWUXNFHYHIi]tFK
5HNRQVWUXNFHREMHPXYãHFKN$O$YGRPHFKGRYROXMHSRVRXGLWVDPRVWDWQYQLWQt
NRQVWUXNFLDNRQVWUXNFLVWQ0DVLYQRVWYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHSRNXGVHþWHPHREMHP
N$O$YãHFKWURMLFVHOLãtVDPR]HMPSRGOHSRþWXWFKWRWURMLF5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMH
SRPUQMHGQRWQpGRVDKXMHSU$PUQpKRGQRW\P3 V SLUR]SWtKRGQRW
RGG$PGRP3 G$P'$PQHE\ORGNU\WY~SOQRVWLQiVOHGXMH
G$PREMHPMHKRåYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHþLQtP37RMH]HMPSLMDWHOQi
133
PLQLPiOQtKRGQRWDSURG$PVSWLWURMLFHPLWMMHGQRGtOQRXVWDYEXVSRPUQPDOêPL
N$ORYêPLMDPNDPL0D[LPiOQtKRGQRWDSURG$PXND]XMHQDFHONRYRXYêMLPHþQRVW
WpWRVWDYE\=DPDVLYQtNRQVWUXNFHO]HR]QDþLWVWDYE\VUHNRQVWUXRYDQêPREMHPHP
N$O$YQLWQtFKWURMLFYWãtPQHåP3.
=KUXEDMHGQDSRORYLQDRGNU\WêFKS$GRU\V$MHNODVLILNRYDWHOQiSRGOHWFKWRNULWHULt
GRP\3RGtOPDVLYQtFKNRQVWUXNFtGRP$MHYêUD]QQt]NêYHIi]tFKVWDUãtKRD
SRþiWN$VWHGQtKRVWXSQ7HSUYHRGIi]HVHY\VN\WXMtYHYWãtPSRþWXMHMLFK
SRGtOYãDNYDGIi]t]DVHERXYêUD]QNROtVi9êVN\WGRP$VPDVLYQtDPpQ
PDVLYQtYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFtQHQtWXGtå]iYLVOêQDYêYRMRYpSRVORXSQRVWLVtGOLãWQtFK
Ii]t2GSRYtGiVStãHPQRåVWYtSUiFHQXWQpNHVWDYEGRPXDYDULDELOLWDPDVLYQRVWL
NRQVWUXNFtXND]XMHQDNROtVDMtFtVWDYHEQtSRWHQFLiOYGDQpPRNDPåLNX9SU$PUX
OHKþtNRQVWUXNFHYHVWDUãtPREGREtE\PRKO\EêWGRNODGHPQLåãtYêNRQQRVWL
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$SL]tVNiYiQtGHYDNWHUpVHYWRPWRREGREtY\]QDþXMtWYDURYRX
QHY\KUDQQRVWtVHNHUHNDWHVHOVURYNDS-LQêPG$YRGHPE\PRKOREêW
REWtåQMãt]tVNiYiQtYKRGQêFKVWHGQVLOQêFKNPHQ$YHY]URVWOpPGXERYpPOHVH
(obr. 6.2.3.a., tab. 6.2.3.A).
.RQVWUXNFHVWQYHIi]tFK
2EMHPNRQVWUXNFHVWQMHPHQVRXþWHPREMHP$YãHFKUHNRQVWUXRYDQêFKN$O$YH
YêFKRGQtL]iSDGQtVWQVSROXVSHGSRNOiGDQêPSRþWHPþiVWtN$O$Y]iNODGRYêFK
åOiEFtFK9]KOHGHPNH]HMPpPXãWtSiQtN$O$NWHUpE\O\YVD]RYiQ\GRåOiEN$E\O
SRþtWiQþWYUWLQRYêREMHP]SU$PUQpKRSRþWXN$O$YFHOpGpOFHåOiENX
3HGSRNOiGDQêSRþHWN$O$YHåOiENXE\OVWDQRYHQGOHQtPFHONRYpGpON\åOiENX
SU$PUQRXYHOLNRVWtYQMãtFKN$O$5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtREMHPXNRVWU\YQMãtFKDGMH
YêUD]QELPRGiOQtVGOLFtKRGQRWRXP30iUR]SWtRGP3 G$PGR
5.1 m3 G$PVSU$PUHPP3 V 9êUD]QOHKþtNRVWUDVWQVH
SLUR]HQYiåHQDPpQPDVLYQtYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFLLNG\åQLNROLYMHGQR]QDþQ3RGtO
WåãtNRQVWUXNFHVWQYDGIi]tNROtViSRGREQêP]S$VREHPMDNRSRGtOPDVLYQt
YQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHDREGREQQHY\ND]XMHåiGQRXþDVRYRX]iYLVORVWREUDWDE
6.2.4.A.).
.RQVWUXNFHGRP$YHIi]tFKDMHMLFKVWDWLND
5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtREMHPXFHOpXYDåRYDQpNRQVWUXNFHGRP$RYOLYXMH]HMP
ELPRGDOLWDUR]GOHQtREMHPXVWQSLþHPåMHKRSHYDåXMtFtVORåNXWYRtREMHPYQLWQt
konstrukce. Rozmezí hodnot je dáno stejnými domy a pohybuje se mezi hodnotami od
1.3 m3 G$PGRP3 G$P9SU$PUXPiP3 s odchylkou s+/-3.5.
6SRWHEDGHYDQD]iNODGQtNRQVWUXNFLMHGQRKRSU$PUQpKRGRPXMHWDNWR
RGKDGRYiQDQDQHFHOêFKSWNXELFNêFKPHWU$2GWFKWRKRGQRWE\E\ORPRåQRWDNp
]DþtQDW~YDK\RVSRWHESUiFHQDVWDYEXMHGQRKRGRPX&HOpNRQVWUXNFHO]H
hodnotou 4.0 m3 GHYDUR]GOLWQDJUDFLOQMãtDPDVLYQMãtVWDYE\
-HMLFKUR]ORåHQtYþDVHNROtViREGREQêP]S$VREHPMDNRMVPHVOHGRYDOLYêãHX
YQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHLNRQVWUXNFHVWQ1DSRþiWNXDNRQFLYêYRMHSHYOiGDMtJUDFLOQMãt
VWDYE\9HVWDUãtP~VHNXVWHGQtKRVWXSQQDRSDNYãHFKQ\GRP\MVRXPDVLYQMãt2G
SRORYLQ\VWHGQtKRVWXSQGRNRQFHPODGãtKRVWXSQSRGtORERXGUXK$NRQVWUXNFH
NROtViDQLåE\Y\WYiHOQMDNêYêUD]QêFKURQRORJLFNêWUHQG6WDWLNDVWDYHESRNXGML
PtPHSRGtOHPREMHPX]DKORXEHQpþiVWLNFHONRYpPXREMHPXVORXS$URYQåYHOPL
NROtViYþDVH-HYãDNQDPDVLYQRVWLNRQVWUXNFHQH]iYLVOiREUDWDE$
134
.
2GKDGVSRWHE\PDWHULiOXQDFHORXNRQVWUXNFL
.RQVWUXNFHE\O\Y%\ODQHFKVWDYQ\YêKUDGQ]GXERYpKRGHYDPeške – Rulf Slavíková 1998SRGREQMDNRMHGRORåHQRLQDMLQêFKPtVWHFKStartin 1978: 153).
3RUDåHQtGXEXRSU$PUXFPPORWUYDWiGRYPLQXWVelímský 1969:
9]URVWOêGXENWHUêPiYHYêãFHFPQDG]HPtSU$PUFPGiDVLP
GpON\VORXSXDSHGVWDYXMHDVLP3 GHYDSRGOHLQIRUPDFtSUDFRYQtN$SROHVt
'REtã7RE\Y\VWDþLORQDWLSRGSU\7\VLY\åDGXMtGDOãtSHVHNQXWtNWHUiE\POD
]DEUDWDVLKRGLQ\XYDåXMHPHOLGHOãtþDV\0$åHPHSLGDWGDOãtGYKRGLQ\QD
RGYWYHQtRGNRUQQtDGDOãt~SUDY\VORXSXDMHKRGRSUDYXQDPtVWRVWDYE\FRåGiYi
FHONHPKRGLQ\3RWRPE\WDWRHWDSDStSUDY\VWDYHEQtKRPDWHULiOXPODSUR
SU$PUQêG$P]DEUDW[ KRG3HGSRNOiGHMPHåHLWHQWRRGKDGE\E\O
StOLãQt]NêY]KOHGHPNQH]QiPpPXSRþWXYãHFKStSUDYQêFKSUDFtDQXWQêFKGDOãtFK
PDQLSXODFtVHGHYHPDMHãWKR]GYRMQiVREPH)i]HStSUDY\VWDYHEQtKRPDWHULiOX
QDSU$PUQRXNRQVWUXNFLGRPXE\SRWRPY\åDGRYDODKRGLQ\SUiFHSURMHGQRKR
PXåH79HOtPVNêSHGSRNOiGDOåHNDåGêN$O]QDPHQDOSRUDåHQtMHGQRKRNPHQHD
SURNRQVWUXNFLVKURPDåRYDFtKRGRPXRN$OHFKSRþtWDOVKRGLQDPLSUiFH
(Velímský 1969: 141-142).
.G\E\StSUDYDPDWHULiOXSUR]iNODGQtNRQVWUXNFLVWDYE\SHGVWDYRYDODMHGQXWHWLQX
QHERMHGQXþWYUWLQXGRE\FHOpVWDYE\YH]EêYDMtFtPþDVHE\PODEêWNRQVWUXNFHMHãW
Y]W\þHQDSRVWDYHQ\VWQ\DSRORåHQDNU\WLQDVWHFK\7RYãHYþHWQFHOpDG\
SRPRFQêFKSUDFtMDNYWHUpQXQDStNODGY\KORXEHQtN$ORYêFKMDPHNWDNSLSUiFLVH
GHYQêPPDWHULiOHP6WDYEDSU$PUQpKRGRPXE\~PUQWRPXWUYDOD[QHER
[WMKRG6WDYEDQHMYWãtKRGRPXSLSWLQiVREQY\ããtVSRWHE
PDWHULiOXE\Y\åDGRYDODKRGFRåMHYãDN[PpQQHåRGKDGRYDO
W. Startin (3900 hod. na stavbu domu 41 v Bylanech, 1978: -HPRåQpåH
XYDåRYDQêRGKDGMHVWiOHStOLã]MHGQRGXãHQQHERåHGREDQDMHGQRWOLYpU$]QYHONp
VWDYE\QHE\ODSURVWêPLQiVREN\GRE\SRWHEQpNStSUDYGHYDQDMHGQRWNRYRX
NRQVWUXNFL3HVWRO]HXVX]RYDWåHiGRYVWRYN\KRGLQSRWHEQpNHVWDYEYWãLQ\
GRP$QHSHGVWDYRYDO\DQLSURMHGQXURGLQXVPLQLPiOQtPSRþWHPGRVSOêFKRVRE
QHSHNRQDWHOQYHONêREMHPQH]E\WQpSUiFH
6.3. Informativní obsah formálních kategorií
6NyUHSUDFQRVWLMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$
)\]LFNi]UXþQRVWQHROLWLFNêFKVWDYLWHO$VHSRGREQMDNRXDUWHIDNW$SURMHYLODYXUþLWp
RSWLPDOL]DFLQiURN$NODGHQêFKQDDUFKLWHNWXUXYHY]WDKXNQH]E\WQpPX~VLOtQD
SRNU\WtWFKWRSRWHE-DNVHWRYSU$EKXYêYRMHGDLOR]DSRGPtQN\Y\QDNOiGiQt
PLQLPiOQtKR~VLOtO]HXVX]RYDWSRGOHFKDUDNWHUXVWDYHEDMHMLFKSUDFQRVWL7XP$åHPH
Y\MiGLWUR]GtOQêPRKRGQRFHQtPMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tVWDYE\1HSRFK\EQE\ODStSUDYD
GHYDSURYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFLSUDFQMãtQHåStSUDYDGHYDSURNRVWUXVWQ6NyUH
SUDFQRVWLYêVWDYE\FHOpNRQVWUXNFHGRPXMHGHILQRYiQRMDNRSU$QLNVNyUH
MHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtVWQDY\åDGXMtFtREMHPPDWHULiOXPpQQHåP3VWQD
Y\åDGXMtFtYtFHQHåP3GHYDNRQVWUXNFHNWHUiVSRWHERYDODPpQQHåP3
GHYDNRQVWUXNFHSRVWDYHQi]YtFHQHåP3 materiálu.
135
+RGQRWDVNyUHYPDWLFLMHSDNDSURVODEãtNRQVWUXNFHSRGOHVSRWHE\GHYDQD
VWQXDQHERSURPDVLYQMãtNRQVWUXNFHYQLWQtFKWURMLF2EUD9
E\ODQVNpPVRXERUXVHMHQSRORYLQDS$GRU\V$GiNODVLILNRYDWSRGOHWRKRWRNULWHULD
0H]LQLPLMVRXVRXKUQQ]DVWRXSHQ\WDNWRRKRGQRFHQpS$GRU\V\SRVWXSQVNyUH
6RXþWHPQiVREN$WRKRWRUHODWLYQtKRYêVN\WXDXYHGHQêFK
KRGQRWVNyUHY\FKi]tþtVORUR]PH]tWHRUHWLFNpPLQLPiOQtDPD[LPiOQtKRGQRW\
MHNWHUpSHGVWDYXMHMDNRXVLSU$PUQRX]QiPNXSUDFQRVWLYãHFK
NODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKE\ODQVNêFKGRP$WDE$
3RGREQêP]S$VREHPE\ODY\SRþtWiQDVNyUHSUDFQRVWLGRP$YMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFK
V\QFKURQQtFKGRP$9SUYQtFKVHGPLIi]tFKVHY\VN\WXMtQt]NpKRGQRW\RGGR
FRåE\XND]RYDORQDPHQãtVSRWHEXGHYDSLVWDYEGRP$DFHONRYJUDFLOQMãt
NRQVWUXNFH'$PNWHUêMHSLMDWHOQêMDNRPRGHOSURWRWRVWDUãtREGREtQHE\O
YêMLPNRX1DSRþiWNXVWHGQtKRVWXSQYHIi]tFKGRVDKXMHVNyUHSUDFQRVWL
PD[LPiOQtFKKRGQRWGRP\E\O\EXGRYiQ\MDNRVWDYE\VPQRKHPSHYQMãtPL
SRGSUDPLNWHUpSOQQHVO\]DWtåHQtNURYX9QiVOHGXMtFtFKIi]tFKKRGQRW\
VNyUHNROtVDMtFRåMHREUD]HPNRQVWUXNþQU$]QSURYHGHQêFKV\QFKURQQtFKVWDYHE
7RWRREGREtSHGVWDYXMHUR]PDQLWRXDUFKLWHNWXUXRGSRYtGDMtFtGLIHUHQFRYDQêP
SRWHEiPVSROHþQRVWL=iURYHO]HWXWRGREXKRGQRWLWMDNRREGREtRSWLPiOQtDGDSWDFH
YREODVWLE\GOHQtQDSURPQOLYRXYNRYRXDYHOLNRVWQtVNODGEXStEX]HQVNêFKVNXSLQ
SRSXODFH0RåQRVWLDUFKLWHNWXU\LSRWHE\QHROLWLFNpREþLQ\E\O\EKHPWRKRWR
REGREtYGRPXGUåRYiQ\YVRXODGX9]iYUHþQêFKIi]tFKNOHViVNyUHQDPLQLPiOQt
KRGQRWXSDWUQYG$VOHGNX~SDGNXDUFKLWHNWXU\Y]iYUHþQêFKIi]tFKYêYRMHNXOWXU\V
lineární keramikou (obr. 6.3.1.a.).
-iGURS$GRU\VX
)RUPiOQtPMiGUHPQHROLWLFNêFKS$GRU\V$NWHUpSRVN\WXMH]iNODGQtLQIRUPDFLR
VWDYEiFK]$VWiYiQHSRFK\EQMHMLFKVWHGQtþiVW6HYHUQtDMLåQtþiVWMHPRåQR]
KOHGLVND]iNODGQtDUFKLWHNWRQLFNpIRUP\SRNOiGDW]DStVWDYN\VHVDPRVWDWQRX
LQIRUPDþQtKRGQRWRX6WHGQtþiVWEêYiREY\NOHGREHRGOLãLWHOQiDMHGRORåHQDX
YãHFKGRVWDWHþQGREHGRNXPHQWRYDQêFKStSDG$
8E\ODQVNêFKS$GRU\V$E\OD]DWtPDQDO\]RYiQDMHQMHMLFKYHOLNRVWGDQiGpONRXD
SRþWHPNRQVWUXNþQtFKWURMLF%\ORNRQVWDWRYiQRåHH[LVWXMtYSULQFLSXGYNRQVWDQWQt
YDULDQW\YWãtKRDPHQãtKRGRPX(Modderman 1986: 394). Tyto pak lze interpretovat
MDNRGRP\SURMHGQRGXFKRXD]GYRMHQRXURGLQXFRåE\PRKOREêWGiQRVRXåLWtPYtFH
QHåGYRXJHQHUDFtQHERYtFHStEX]HQVNêFKSiU$9]KOHGHPNSHGSRNOiGDQpPX
SU$PUQpPXYNXYQHROLWXMHYãDNGUXKêStSDGSUDYGSRGREQMãt
3$YRGQtLQWHUSUHWDFLNWHUiSHGSRNOiGDODSURPQOLYRXGpONXVWHGQtþiVWLSRGOHSRþWX
RE\YDWHOGRP$MHSURWRQXWQRRSUDYLW3HGSRNOiGDOVHWRWLåSURPQOLYêSRþHWSHFtWM
GRPiFtFKNUE$YSRPUXMHGQDURGLQDMHGHQNUEDQDORJLFN\SRGOHVLWXDFHY
OHQJ\HOVNpPGRP]3RVWRORSUWSoudský 1969: 91-92)-HGQpURGLQPORRGSRYtGDW
DVLPGpON\VWHGQtþiVWL3UDYGSRGREQMãtMHGQRGXFKêD]GYRMHQêPRGXV
VWHGQtþiVWLGRPXGRNOiGiYHGOHGpONRYpDQDOê]\WDNpRGSRYtGDMtFtSRPU
keramického odpadu (viz kap. 4).
=iNODGQtIRUP\S$GRU\V$VOHGRYDOYSRGUREQMãtPSURVWRUXGHVHWLStSDGQ
VHGPQiFWL]QDN$+6WlXEOH1994: 177). 3HVXUþLWRXQHNRQ]LVWHQWQRVWSURVWRUX
]QDN$GRVSODXWRUN]iVDGQtPX]iYUXGHILQRYiQtVWDUãtKRDPODGãtKRW\SXGRP$
(Stäuble 1994: NWHUpVHRGOLãXMtSHGHYãtPH[LVWHQFtYQMãtFKåOiEN$'DOãtP
SR]QDWNHPE\ODLUHOHYDQWQRVWVHYHUQtDMLåQtþiVWLGRPXMDNRVDPRVWDWQpKR]QDNXYH
136
VSRMHQtVRVWDWQtPL]QDN\VWHGQtþiVWL7\E\O\GHILQRYiQ\]þiVWLMDNRNYDOLWDWLYQt
]QDN\QDSH[LVWHQFHDQHH[LVWHQFH]YOiãWQtVWHGRYpNRQVWUXNFHQHERNYDQWLWDWLYQ
QDSSRþW\WURMLFMHMLFKY]GiOHQRVWLGpON\DãtN\MHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWt&RGR
LQIRUPDþQtKRREVDKXVHQNWHUp]QDN\SHNUêYDO\QDSSRþHWWURMLFDGpONDþiVWt
FRåYHGORNVLOQpNRUHODFLIDNWRURYêFKVNyUHU$]QêFKDQDOê]
*HQRW\S\DIHQRW\S\S$GRU\V$YSURVWRUXVtGHOQtFKIi]t
=DKODYQtFKDUDNWHULVWLN\VWHGQtþiVWLGRPXMHPRåQRSRYDåRYDWW\WR]QDN\
masivnost konstrukce (viz kap. 6.2.5), modální velikost (viz kap. 6.3.2), existence
YQMãtFKåOiEN$KORXENDWURMLFH44DXVSRiGiQtN$O$YWURMLFL49]KOHGHP
NYêãHXYHGHQêP]NXãHQRVWHPVDQDOê]RXNYDOLWDWLYQtFK]QDN$E\O]DOWHUQXMtFtFK
VWDY$]QDN$SRXåLWYåG\MHQMHGHQ-HKRQHStWRPQRVWY\]QDþXMHLPSOLFLWQStWRPQRVW
alternující hodnoty.
3URR]QDþHQtStþQêFKWURMLFMH]GHSRXåLWRVFKpPDWX'Y%UDQGWD1988LNG\å
YRMHGLQOêFKStSDGHFKP$åHEêWVSRUQp7êNiVHWRSHGHYãtPMHGQRGtOQêFKVWDYHE
NWHUpPDMtMDNRE\SLGDQRXWURMLFLVHYHUQtVWQ\QDSG$P.RQILJXUDFHN$O$
4GRWYDUX<QHQtY%\ODQHFKGRORåHQDDMHMtDEVHQFHMHSRYDåRYiQD]DW\SLFNRX
pro celou východní oblast LnK (Modderman 1986: 390). Vyskytují se však další
YDULDQW\MDNRMH]DORPHQiWURMLFHQHERXVSRiGiQtN$O$GLDJRQiOQNSRGpOQpRVH
VWDYE\-DNRVDPRVWDWQêSUYHNMHYKRGQpR]QDþLWWURMLFHVQH~SOQêPSRþWHPN$O$FRå
MHYDGStSDG$]HMPG$VOHGHN]iPUQpKRY\QHFKiYiQtMHGQRKRREY\NOHNUDMQtKR
N$OX'RVXGE\ODYWãLQDWDNRYêFKS$GRU\V$SLSLVRYiQDQHGRVWDWN$P]S$VREHQêP
neúplností evidence v terénu.
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DVHGPLNYDOLWDWLYQtFK]QDN$*5$&,/P3), DOUBLE
MIDPART+, DITCHES, DEEP Q20/Q21, BROKEN Q22, STRAIGHT Q22,
$%6(1732674E\ODSURYHGHQDYSURVWRUXGRP$9êVOHGHNWpWRDQDOê]\
XND]XMHYSUYQtFKGYRXIDNWRUHFKNWHUpY\VYWOXMtSUDYGSRGREQRVWLFHQWUiOQt
SR]LFLYHOLNRVWQtFK]QDN$MHåSHGVWDYXMtJUDFLOQtD]GYRMHQpVWHGQtþiVWLGRP$7\WR
O]HR]QDþLWMDNRJHQRW\SLFNp]QDN\NWHUpSUREtKDMtFHOêPYêYRMHPNWHUpYãDN
QHY\SOêYDMt]NRQVWUXNþQtFKSULQFLS$VWDYE\DOH]MHMtKRVSROHþHQVNpKRY\XåLWt'DOãt
VNXSLQXY\WYiHMtGRP\VYQMãtPLåOiEN\StSDGQVHåOiEN\DKOXERNRXWURMLFt4
2GWFKWRGYRXQHStOLãYêUD]QRGGOHQêFKFHQWHUVHRGOLãXMtS$GRU\V\SRGOH
SRVWDYHQtN$O$YWURMLFL4
9êVOHGQpXVSRiGiQtGRP$YSURVWRUXNYDOLWDWLYQtFK]QDN$VWHGQtþiVWLMHPRåQR
Y\ORåLWMDNRSU$QLNGYRXVWUXNWXU3UYQtMHGiQDStWRPQRVWtQHERQHStWRPQRVWt
YQMãtFKåOiEN$VSROXVKOXERNRXWURMLFt47XWRVWUXNWXUXR]QDþXMLMDNR
NRQVWUXNþQtJHQRW\S\VWDUãtFKVWDYHEMVRXOL]QDN\StWRPQ\DPODGãtFKVWDYHE
MHVWOLåHW\WR]QDN\FK\Et2EDJHQHWLFN\UR]GtOQpSULQFLS\NRQVWUXNFHVHSRXUþLWRX
GREXYêYRMHE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWSRXåtYDO\DOWHUQDWLYQ'UXKRXVWUXNWXUX
FKDUDNWHUL]XMtMHGQRWOLYpYDULDQW\XVSRiGiQt4NWHUpY\VWLKXMtIHQRW\SLFNRX
YDULDELOLWXVWDYHE9HYWãLQPODGãtFKIi]tVHV\QFKURQQtVWDYE\RGOLãXMtSUiYWtPWR
LQGLYLGXiOQtPHãHQtPNRQVWUXNFH]YWãHQtVWHGRYpþiVWLGRPXREUDWDE
6.3.3.A).
137
.ODVLILNDFH]iNODGQtFKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtYV\VWpPXREåLY\DGOE\SUiFH
)XQNþQtþOHQQtVWDYE\
-LåSUYQtDQDOê]\QHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"XNi]DO\PRåQRVWUR]OLãRYDWQDQNWHUêFK
S$GRU\VHFKGRP$MHGQXGYQHERLWLþiVWL9S$YRGQtPSRMHWtVHWURMGtOQRVW
SRYDåRYDOD]DSURWRW\SNRQVWUXNFtFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêFKSURQHMVWDUãtGRP\DDEVHQFH
QNWHUpþiVWL]DMHKRUHGXNFLWaterbolk - Modderman 1959: 168). Tato interpretace
S$GRU\VQêFKVFKpPDWVHXMDODSoudský 1966: DQHQtGRGQHV]SRFK\ERYiQD
6WHGQtþiVWMHYãDNVStãHSRNOiGiQD]DKODYQtDYêFKR]tþiVWNRQVWUXNFHDRVWDWQt]D
StVWDYN\NWHUpQHPXVtPtWFKURQRORJLFNRXSODWQRVW6DPR]HMPQHYãHFKQ\
S$GRU\V\O]HWDNWRþOHQLWDQHYåG\MHStSDGQpGOHQt]FHODHYLGHQWQtFRåVHWêNiL
S$GRU\V$GREH]DFKRYDQêFK3ODWtWRRYWãLQE\ODQVNêFKS$GRU\V$MHMLFKå
XVSRiGiQtGRYROXMHYQNWHUêFKStSDGHFKDOWHUQDWLYQtLQWHUSUHWDFLModderman
1986: 385).
'RFKRYDQRVWVWDYHEVHU$]QtSRGOHWHUpQQtVLWXDFH9]KOHGHPNHJHRPRUIRORJLFNêP
]PQiPNQLPåGRãORYHYWãLQREODVWtNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXY
SRVWQHROLWLFNpPREGREtQHE\O\QLNGH]DWtPRGNU\W\S$YRGQt~URYQSRGODK
9êMLPHþQ]PLXMHWDNRYRXVLWXDFL-%HQHãSURG$P9]+UGORYN\(Beneš 1998:
FRåE\E\ORMHGLQOêStSDG]DWtPSRGUREQMLQHSXEOLNRYDQê9PtVWHFKV
SR]GMãtPLQLYQtPLQiQRV\MVRXN$ORYpMDPN\]DFKRYiQ\GRREGREQpKORXEN\MDNRY
%\ODQHFKFRå]QDPHQiåHSHGWtPE\OD~URYHSRGODKRGSODYHQD1RYp'YRU\
+Ot]RY9HY\ããtFKSRORKiFKMDNRMVRX%\ODQ\DYWãLQD]QiPêFKYHONêFKVtGHOQtFK
DUHiO$E\O\S$GRU\V\]DVDåHQ\YWãtþLPHQãtHUR]t7RXE\O\SRUXãHQ\SHGHYãtP
POþtMDPN\GORXKêFKVWQDOHþDVWRLN$O\MLåQtFKþiVWt9%\ODQHFKMVRXQHMOpSH
]DFKRYiQ\VWHGQtþiVWLGRP$QNG\VHREWtåQLGHQWLILNXMtNUiWNpVWQ\&HONRYO]H
KRGQRWLW]DFKRYDQRVWGRP$Y%\ODQHFKDVWtPVRXYLVHMtFtþLWHOQRVWSRGORåtMDNR
SU$PUQRXYHVURYQiQtQDSVREODVWtVHYHUR]iSDGQtFKýHFK%H]QR+UGORYND
&KRWEXGLFHDM
.ULWHULHPþOHQQtEêYDMtQHMþDVWMLGYWURMLFHYQLWQtFKSRGSUNWHUpVHY\]QDþXMt
UHODWLYQPDORXY]GiOHQRVWtPH]LVHERXYHVURYQiQtVXUþLWêPLSU$PUQêPL
Y]GiOHQRVWPLRVWDWQtFKWURMLF7HQWRSURVWRUVHQD]êYiNRULGRUDEêYiLVDPRVWDWQ
IXQNþQLQWHUSUHWRYiQ9%\ODQHFKMHPiORNG\GREHSDWUQêQDSG$PQHER
QDUR]GtORG]iSDGQtREODVWLNGHMHMO]HGREHUR]OLãLWLPH]LVWHGQtDMLåQtþiVWt
(Coudart 1998: 6StãHVH]GHY\VN\WQH]YêUD]QQiWURMLFHSRGSUYHVWDUãtP
REGREtSRGVWDWQYtFH]DKORXEHQiQHåRVWDWQt-LQêPNULWHULHPP$åHEêWREYRGRYê
]iNODGRYêåOiEHNNWHUêYãDNQHPXVtGRSURYi]HWFHORXGpONXVHYHUQtþiVWL3URWRE\OR
Y%\ODQHFKSRXåLWRVStãHQHJDWLYQtKRY\PH]HQtRERXStVWDYN$DWRSRY\þOHQQt
YODVWQtVWHGQtþiVWLQHMþDVWMLOLFKêPSRþWHPSRGS$UQêFKWURMLF(Modderman 1986:
3RNXGE\OSDWUQêNRULGRUQDVHYHUQtQHERMLåQtVWUDQE\O]DKUQXWGRVWHGQt
þiVWL
-HGQRWOLYpþiVWLVWDURQHROLWLFNpKRGRPXVSROXQHSRFK\EQNRQVWUXNþQVRXYLVHMt
QHER"SRGSU\NURYXMVRXYHYãHFKþiVWHFKGREHSURSRMLWHOQp7RYãDNQHY\OXþXMH
QMDNRXYQLWQtStþNXPH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLþiVWPLGRPXDYDULDELOQtNRQVWUXNFLVWQ2
WRPVYGþt]iNODGRYpåOiEN\RNRORVHYHUQtþiVWLYQLFKåE\O\]DSXãWQ\SRGpOQ
GOHQpNPHQ\(Beneš 1995: DOHWDNpQDSSUi]GQêSURVWRUVWQXGRPXNGH
PRKODEêWXSODWQQDOHKþtNRVWUDY\SOpWDQpVWQ\VURYYêãH6WQ\MLåQtþiVWLPRKO\
EêWYQNWHUêFKStSDGHFKþiVWHþQRWHYHQpStäuble 1994: 7URMGtOQpþOHQQt
GRP$PiYãDNSRGVWDWQêYê]QDPSURIXQNþQtLQWHUSUHWDFLNDåGpRGGOHQpþiVWL
138
6HYHUQtþiVW
3ORFKDVHYHUQtþiVWLGRP$VHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tP2, které je dáno domy 263 a
SRS-HMLFKUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHQHSUDYLGHOQELPRGiOQtVKUDQLFtRNROR
m23U$PUUR]GOHQtPiKRGQRWXP2 V 9DULDQW\WpWRþiVWLMVRX
SRVX]RYiQ\SRGOHSRþWXRGGtO$NWHUpY\WYiHMtNRQVWUXNþQtWURMLFHDSRK\EXMtVHRG
MHGQpDåSRSWWDNRYêFKWRSURVWRU(Coudart 1998: .MHGQRGXFKpYDULDQW
SLSRþtWiYiPHLQXORYRXNGHY]QLNiMDNêVLOLFKêSURVWRUPH]LSRVOHGQtWURMLFtVWHGQt
þiVWLDVHYHUQtVWQRX7DWRYDULDQWDVHRGOLãXMHRGYODVWQtDEVHQFHStSDG$
VHYHUQtþiVWLXGRP$MHQVHVWHGQtSDUWLt
9FHOpPVRXERUXVHQHMþHWQMLY\VN\WXMHYDULDQWDVHGYPDSURVWRUDPLD
QiVOHGXMtYDULDQW\VMHGQRXQHERWHPLSURVWRUDPLYVHYHUQtþiVWLSRS
ýW\QHERSWLSURVWRURYiVHYHUQtþiVWMVRXYêMLPHþQp9DULDELOLWDNWHUi
MHWtPWR]S$VREHPPHQDRGSRYtGiLQIRUPDFLRSRþWXStþQêFKWURMLFYVHYHUQtþiVWL
DSLUR]HQNRUHOXMHVGpONRXWpWRþiVWL6KRGXMHVHVYêVN\WHPMDNêE\O]MLãWQYFHOp
oblasti LnK (Coudart 1998: 6RXKUQQiYDULDELOLWDMHY\MiGHQDNRHILFLHQWHP
FRåMHSRPUQY\VRNiKRGQRWDD]QDPHQiåHVHYHUQtþiVWGRP$E\ODYHVURYQiQtV
RVWDWQtPLGtO\S$GRU\VXQHMYtFHSURPQOLYiREUD
6WHGQtþiVW
3ORFKDVWHGQtþiVWLGRP$PiUR]SWtRGP2 G$PGRP2 G$P
3U$PUQiKRGQRWDGRVDKXMHP2 V 5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtSORFK\VWHGQtþiVWL
MHWDNpQHSUDYLGHOQELPRGiOQtVKUDQLFtP27RWRGOHQtRGSRYtGi]HMP
MHGQRGXFKpD]GYRMHQpIRUPWpWRþiVWL9DULDQW\NRQVWUXNFHVHSRVX]XMtSRGOH
NRQILJXUDFHGUXKpVWHGQtWURMLFHYL]YêãHNDS-HGQRWOLYpYDULDQW\XVSRiGiQt
YQLWQtFKN$O$YHVWHGXGRP$VHY\VN\WXMtYH]KUXEDVKRGQêFKSRPUHFK
26.0 %) a jejich souhrnná variabilita je dána koeficientem 9.1. Je tedy konstrukce
KODYQtþiVWLGRPXQHMPpQSURPQOLYiYHVURYQiQtVNRQVWUXNFtVHYHUQtKRQHER
MLåQtKRStVWDYNXREUD
-LåQtþiVW
-LåQtþiVWVHY\]QDþXMHUR]SWtPSORFK\PH]LP2 G$PDP2 G$P
6WHGQtKRGQRWDGRVDKXMHP29DULDQW\MLåQtþiVWLMVRXGiQ\VHVNXSHQtPWURMLFRG
YHOPLKXVWêFKVSRMHQêFKGRåOiEN$DåSRtGNpCoudart 1998: 5R]ORåHQtSORFK\
MLåQtþiVWLGRP$MHGRVWLQHSUDYLGHOQpDQHQtPRåQRMHUR]GOLWQDU$]QpNDWHJRULH
1HMSRþHWQMãtYDULDQWRXMLåQtþiVWLSRNXGMHWDWRY$EHFY\WYRHQDMHKXVWpDOH
QHVSRMLWpXVSRiGiQtN$O$2VWDWQtVHY\VN\WXMtYPHQãtPSRPUXåOiEN\
tGFHXVSRiGDQpN$O\DQHSUDYLGHOQQHERDW\SLFN\VHVNXSHQpN$O\
6RXVWDYDN$O$YMLåQtþiVWLQHQtY%\ODQHFKWDNYêUD]QSUDYLGHOQiMDNRY
]iSDGQtREODVWL/Q.NGHMVRXS$GRU\V\FHONRYVWDQGDUGL]RYDQMãt-LåQtþiVWFK\Et
YHStSDG$&HONRYiYDULDELOLWDMHGiQDNRHILFLHQWHPDMHY\ããtQHå
YDULDELOLWDVWHGQtþiVWLDYãDNQLåãtQHåVHYHUQtþiVWL.RQVWUXNFLMLåQtþiVWLO]HWDN
R]QDþLW]DSU$PUQSURPQOLYRXREUD
139
)XQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
&HONRYiSORFKDGRP$PiUR]SWtRGP2 G$PDåGRP2 G$PV
SU$PUHPP2 V 2EHVWDYQiSORFKDQHMYWãtKRGRPXMHSRGOHWRKR[
YWãtQHåQHMPHQãtKR'$PYãDNQHSDWtNQHMOpSHGRNXPHQWRYDQêPS$GRU\V$P
3RGOHUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtYQPåVHRGGOXMHPDOiVNXSLQDQH~SOQêFKS$GRU\V$V
plochou 10 – 20 m2E\FKRP]DVWDQGDUGQtGRP\PRKOLSRYDåRYDWDåVWDYE\V
plochou okolo 24 m29WRPStSDGE\UR]SWtSRNUêYDORDVLGHVHWLQiVREHNWpWR
QHMPHQãtVWDYE\+ODYQtþiVWUR]ORåHQtWYRtGRP\VSORFKRXP2. Následuje
skupina velkých staveb asi do 158 m2 DNRQHþQPDOiVNXSLQDMHãWYWãtFKVWDYHE
(obr. 6.4.5.a.).
'OHQtGRP$QDMHGQXDåWLþiVWLMHPRåQRSRNOiGDW]D]iNODGQtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFL
3UR%\ODQ\E\ODIRUPXORYiQDMLåGtYHDGRSOQQDMHãWSRGOHYHOLNRVWLVWHGQtþiVWL
(Modderman 1986: 2EU3URWRåHYãDNYHOLNRVWVWHGXQHPQtQLFQDSULQFLSXMHKR
SRXåLWtO]HMDNRKODYQtW\S\SLMPRXWMHQGRP\VRGSRYtGDMtFtPSRþWHP
þiVWt=REUD]HQtYDULDQWNRQVWUXNFHMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtYSURVWRUXWFKWRW\S$XND]XMH
NURPWULYLiOQtFKY]WDK$MDNRMVRXDEVHQFHMLåQtþiVWLXW\SXDWDNpDEVHQFHVHYHUQt
þiVWLXW\SXMHãWXUþLWpVHVNXSHQtYDULDQWRNRORW\S$D0HQãtVHYHUQtþiVWD
]DORPHQiWURMLFH4VHNXPXOXMtRNRORW\SX6W\SHPNRUHVSRQGXMHKXVWpLtGNp
XVSRiGiQtNRQVWUXNFHQDMLKXDVDPRVWDWQ]YêUD]QQiMLåQtNRQVWUXNFHVSROXV
YHONRXVHYHUQtþiVWt7RWRGYRMtVHVNXSHQtSUYQtKRW\SXWURMLWêFKGRP$E\PRKOR
VLJQDOL]RYDWMHãWMHMLFKGDOãtPRåQpIXQNþQtSRGUR]GOHQt
9DULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtG
9DULDELOLWDIXQNþQtFKWtGVHYHUQtDVWHGQtþiVWLVHSRK\EXMHYUR]PH]tKRGQRWD
VRXVWHXMHVHGRIi]tVWHGQtKRDPODGãtKRVWXSQ/Q.3URVHYHUQtþiVWGRViKOD
PD[LPDYHDIi]LSR]GMLWDNpYHIi]L9DULDELOLWDMLåQtþiVWLVH
Y\]QDþXMHSRQNXGYWãtPUR]SWtPKRGQRWVPD[LPHPVStãHYPODGãtP
VWXSQL1HMY\ããtFKKRGQRWGRVDKXMHYDIi]LSHGWtPWDNpYHD
Ii]L7DE$-LVWiYêMLPHþQRVWIi]HVHSURMHYLODMLåSLDQDOê]HNDPHQQêFK
QiVWURM$6\QFKURQQtGRP\WpWRIi]HY\WYRLO\SRSUYpMDNpVLMHGQRWQRUJDQL]RYDQp
VHVNXSHQtNWHUpE\PRKORVRXYLVHWVSRVtOHQtPVSROHþQêFKRUJDQL]DþQtFKSULQFLS$
SHVDKXMtFtFKKRVSRGiVWYtMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$
.RUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DIXQNþQtFK]QDN$YSURVWRUXIi]tY\ND]XMHSRPUQQt]NRX
YiKXMHGQRWOLYêFKIDNWRU$2EUD3UYQtMHSRQHMYtFHIDNWRUHP
NOHVDMtFtKRSRþWXStþHNYVHYHUQtþiVWLRGQHMNODGQMãtFKKRGQRWGRP$VHþW\PL
StþNDPLDåSRåiGQRXVH]iSRUQêPLKRGQRWDPL3WStþHNVHQDFKi]tRNRORVWHGX
WRKRWRIDNWRUXDMHVStãHYêMLPNRXURYQRFHQQRXQHSUDYLGHOQpPXXVSRiGiQtMLåQt
þiVWL7RVHSRWYU]XMHLYHGUXKpPIDNWRUX7HQMHIDNWRUHPSUDYLGHOQRVWL
N$O$YMLåQtþiVWLRGNODGQêFKKRGQRWYSUDYLGHOQXVSRiGDQêFKþiVWHFKSR]iSRUQpV
QHSUDYLGHOQXVSRiGDQêPLN$O\+XVWpXVSRiGiQtVHQDFKi]tXSURVWHG)i]HNWHUp
PDMtYRERXGYRXIDNWRUHFK]iSRUQiVNyUHVHSURWRY\]QDþXMtVWDYEDPLV
QHVWDQGDUGQXVSRiGDQRXVHYHUQtLMLåQtþiVWtDIi]HWDE
6.4.6.A., obr. 6.4.6.a.).
.
140
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLGRPXDIi]t
6.5.1. Ekonomická výkonnost stavby
9êNRQQRVWVWUXNWXU\E\ODGHILQRYiQDMDNRSRPU]DVWHãHQpSORFK\DSRGSU4(D,
Coudart 1998: 9HGOHWRKRE\ODGHILQRYiQDMHãWJHRPHWULFNiYêNRQQRVWMDNR
SRPU]DVWHãHQpSORFK\DSORFK\FHOpKRSOiãWGRPX4(DWDPWpå). Podíl obou
WFKWRKRGQRWGiYiYêNRQQRVWFHOpNRQVWUXNFH9ãHFKQ\W\WRNRHILFLHQW\VHY\]QDþXMt
PDORXYDULDELOLWRXYSU$EKXOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\.RHILFLHQWVWUXNWXU\NROtViPH]L
KRGQRWRXD]þiVWL]iYLVtQDXVSRiGiQtYQLWQtFKN$O$9WãtGRP\PDMtUHODWLYQ
PpQN$O$QHåPHQãtNSRGVWDWQMãtP]PQiPGRFKi]tDåYSRVWOLQHiUQtPYêYRML
6RXGtPåHSRGVWDWQRXLQIRUPDFLRYêNRQQRVWLVWDYE\REVDKXMHSRGtOSORFK\DSRþWX
WURMLFFRåY\MDGXMHYHOLNRVWWpþiVWL]DVWHãHQpSORFK\NWHUiSLSDGiQDMHGQXWURMLFL
SRGSU
9êNRQQRVWMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtGRPXVHRGVHEHOLãtWDNåHQHMPHQãtMHYMLåQtþiVWL
NGHYSU$PUXGRVDKXMHPMHGQXWURMLFLSRGSU3RþtWDMtVH]GHYãHFKQ\WURMLFH
YþHWQWFKNWHUpQHQHVRXVWHFKX1HMY\ããtMHYVHYHUQtþiVWLNGHMHSU$PUQi
YêNRQQRVWPWURMLFL]DWtPFRYHVWHGQtþiVWLMHMHQRPiORQLåãt
PWURMLFL5R]ORåHQtþHWQRVWtMHYMLåQtþiVWLYHOPLSUDYLGHOQpDMHGQRPRGiOQtY
VHYHUQtDVWHGQtþiVWLQHSUDYLGHOQpVKUDQLFtYVHYHUQtþiVWLDYHVWHGQt
9êNRQQRVWWFKWRþiVWtMHVURYQDWHOQiFRåNRUHVSRQGXMHVMHMLFKSRGREQRX
LQWHUSUHWDFtMDNRRE\WQêFKSURVWRU$OLãtFtFKVHMHQPtURXVRXNURPtYL]QtåH-LåQt
þiVWNGH]HMPpQDGRGDWHþQpN$O\NWHUp]HMPQHQHVO\NURY]NUHVOXMtY\SRþtWDQRX
KRGQRWXMHPRåQRSLKRGQRFHQtYêNRQQRVWLFHOpVWDYE\Y\QHFKDWREUDREU
6.5.1.b., obr. 6.5.1.c.).
+RGQRW\NRHILFLHQWXYêNRQQRVWLRE\WQpþiVWLWMVHYHUQtDVWHGQtVHEOtåtKRGQRWiP
VWHGQtþiVWLMHMtåSRGtOMH]HMPYWRPWRVRXþWX]iYDåQMãt5R]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMH
QHSUDYLGHOQpVKUDQLFtRNRORPWURMLFLDVSU$PUHPPWURMLFL9HVURYQiQtV
NRHILFLHQWHPYêNRQQRVWLVWUXNWXU\NWHUêMHSRGOHGHILQLFHWHWLQRYêE\E\OSU$PUDVL
FRåMHQLåãtQHåYFHOpVWHGQtREODVWL/Q.Coudart 1998: 93). Pokud bychom
FKWOLGRP\NDWHJRUL]RYDWSRGOHWRKRWRNRHILFLHQWXSRWRPE\KRGQRW\YPD
Y\PH]RYDO\NDWHJRULLGRP$VHVWHGQHIHNWLYQtNRQVWUXNFtREUG
,QWHUSUHWDFHþLQQRVWtYMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWHFKGRP$
=DFKRYDQpDDUFKHRORJLFN\GRORåLWHOQp]E\WN\GHYQêFKNRQVWUXNFtQHSRVN\WXMt
MHGQR]QDþQpGRNODG\SURVWDQRYHQtMDNpþLQQRVWLVHSURYiGO\YMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWHFK
GRP$3R]RURYDWHOQpGHWDLO\YXVNXSHQtSRGSUVLFHQD]QDþXMtQNWHUpSHGSRNOiGDQp
IXQNFHDYãDNMHMLFKEOLåãtSRSLVMH]DORåHQQDNRPELQDFLU$]QêFKLQGLFLtD
VSHNXODWLYQtFKDUJXPHQW$2SURWLSRþiWHþQtPXMHGQRGXFKpPX]G$YRGRYiQt
LQWHUSUHWDFtMLåQtVWHGQtDVHYHUQtþiVWLQDVNODGRYDFtRE\WQêD]iVREQtSURVWRUVH
SURWRSR]GMLDUJXPHQWDFH]QDþQSURKORXELOD
$&RXGDUWY\FKi]HOD]WUDGLþQtLQWHUSUHWDFHNWHURXSRGSRLOD~YDKDPL]HWQRORJLHR
þOHQQtSURVWRUXQDYQMãtDYQLWQtVRGVWXSRYDQRX~URYQtLQWLPLW\-LåQtþiVWMDNR
SHGSRNOiGDQêYVWXSQtSURVWRUQHY\ND]XMHMHãWStVQpU\V\VRXNURPtQDRSDN
StSDGQpXORåHQt]iVREYSRGODåtP$åHEêWLVRXþiVWtVSROHþQpHNRQRPLN\QNROLND
GRP$6WHGQtþiVWVHY\]QDþXMHMLå]YêãHQRXPURXVRXNURPtDOHPRKODVORXåLWLSUR
SLMtPiQtQiYãWY-HY\KUD]HQDGRPiFtPþLQQRVWHPDVSUDYRYiQDåHQDPL3UR
VHYHUQtþiVWRGPtWiDXWRUNDLQWHUSUHWDFL]iVREiUQ\QHERVWiMH-DNRQHMPpQStVWXSQi
þiVWGRPXVHY\]QDþXMHQHMY\ããtPtURXLQWLPLW\D]iURYHQt]NRXVW\OLVWLFNRX
141
YDULDELOLWRXNWHUiSLRPH]HQpPStVWXSXFL]tFKRE\YDWHOQHE\ODQXWQi%\OD
Y\KUD]HQD]HMPpQDQDVSDQtDSURWRMHMtYHOLNRVWRGSRYtGiSRþWXRE\YDWHOGRPXDMHMt
þOHQQtMHGRPpQRXPXå$Coudart 1998: 105).
+6WlXEOHVHSRNXVLORMLQRXLQWHUSUHWDFLþiVWtGRPXVSRXåLWtPRGOLãQpDUJXPHQWDFH
3URMLåQtþiVW]G$UD]QLOSRGpOQpþOHQQtGDQpSHGHYãtP]KXãWQêPLVORXS\7RWR
]KXãWQtQHPXVtEêWGRNODGHPQRVQtN$GUXKpKRSRGODåtDOHVYGþtMHQRNRQVWUXNFL
]YêãHQpSRGODK\3tSDGQpSDWURPRKOREêWQDYi]iQRLQDEåQpSRGSU\NURYX7DNp
VWQ\MLåQtþiVWLPRKO\PtWMHQOHKNRXNRQVWUXNFLQHERVHMHGQDORR]FHODRWHYHQRX
YHUDQGX3RGpOQpGOHQtP$åHRGSRYtGDWRGGOHQpPXYVWXSXSURPXåHDåHQ\
6WHGQtSURVWRUMHQHSRFK\EQRE\WQêSURMHKRþOHQQtXYiGtDQDORJLH]H
VWDURQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\QD%DONiQ7HQWRSURVWRUPRKOEêWUR]GOHQQDþiVW
PXåVNRXDåHQVNRX6HYHUQtþiVWWYRLODYROLWHOQêStVWDYHNDYãDNXVWiMHQtGRE\WND
XYQLWVWDYHEMHGRORåLWHOQpDåYPODGãtPSUDYNX7DWRþiVWMHGOLWHOQiStþQQD
DGXPHQãtFKNRPRUYQLFKåE\O\XORåHQ\QHMU$]QMãtGRPiFtSRWHE\YþHWQ]iVRE
9HOLNRVWRGSRYtGiQHMVStãHPDMHWQRVWLGDQpKRKRVSRGiVWYt2EYRGRYpåOiEN\QHMVRX
GRNODGHPSHYQMãtVWQ\SURWRåHN$O\YQLFK]DSXãWQpE\O\VStãHPpQVWDELOQt
(Stäuble 1994: 199-209).
$UJXPHQWDFHVSRPRFtVRXGREêFKQHERLVWDUãtFKDQDORJLt]SHGRDVLMVNpKRQHER
EDONiQVNpKRQHROLWXMHQHSRFK\EQYFQMãtQHå~YDK\SRGHSHQpDQDORJLHPL]
GQHãQtFKGRPRURGêFKVSROHþQRVWt6RXGtPSHVWRåHStPpDQDORJLHYNRQNUpWQtFK
MHGQRWOLYRVWHFKPRKRXEêWYRERXStSDGHFK]DYiGMtFtDQDRSDNDQDORJLHMHQXUþLWêFK
REHFQêFKSULQFLS$QDY\ããt~URYQLPRKRXEêWYRERXStSDGHFKStQRVQp=DWDNRYRX
E\FKSRYDåRYDOLGHXGOHQtGRPXSRGOH~URYQVRXNURPtNWHUpMHGQRWOLYpþiVWL
SRVN\WRYDO\SURWRåHSHGVWDYXMHNRPSDNWQtDXQLYHUViOQSRXåLWHOQêSULQFLS'RP\
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXSHGVWDYXMtYHVURYQiQtVHVWDUãtEDONiQVNRX
architekturou stavby svébytné konstrukce (Lenneis 1997: 144).
3HGSRNOiGiVHX]QiQtKODYQtKRYFKRGXYMLåQtVWQNWHUiWDNpY\ND]XMHQHMYWãt
VW\OLVWLFNRXYDULDELOLWXYL]QtåHNDS3tSDGQpYHGOHMãtYVWXS\QHMVRXWtP
Y\ORXþHQ\VWHMQWDNMDNRH[LVWXMtFtDEVHQFHQNWHUpþiVWL,GHXRGVWXSRYDQpKR
VRXNURPtSRGpOGORXKpRV\GRPXO]HVOHGRYDWDåGRNRQFHQHROLWLFNpKRYêYRMHNG\
E\OD]YêUD]QQDWUDSH]RLGQtPLNRQVWUXNFHPL=Y\ãXMtFtVHPtUDLQWLPLW\SURVWRUXMH
QHStPR~PUQiMHKRYHOLNRVWL6HYHUQt]DGQtSURVWRUNWHUêE\POEêW
QHMLQWLPQMãtMHYQLFKWDNpQHMPHQãt
)XQNþQtLQWHUSUHWDFLMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtO]HSRGSRLWQNWHUêPLGHWDLO\NWHUpVH
RMHGLQOHY\VN\WQRX3HGHYãtPMHWRGRSRGODK\]DSXãWQi]iVREQLFHYGRP
NWHUiMHXPtVWQDGRRGGOHQpKRMLKRYêFKRGQtKRURKXVWHGQtþiVWL0RKODVORXåLWMDNR
StUXþQt]iVREQLFHQD]UQtQHERQDYRGX3RGREQpVWDFLRQiUQt]iVREQLFHPRKO\EêW
XPLV"RYiQ\LYMLåQtþiVWL9QNWHUêFKStSDGHFKMHYVHYHUQtþiVWLXPtVWQDMiPD
NWHUiUHVSHNWXMHS$GRU\VDPRKODEêWQMDNêPVNOtSNHPQHERL]RODþQtPSURVWRUHP
SRGSRGODKRXQDQtåVHVSDOR3$YRGQE\O\W\WRStSDG\Y\VYWORYiQ\VWUDWLJUDILFN\
MDNRQHVRXþDVQp(Soudský 1960FRåE\OSHGHYãtPStSDGMiP\YGRP
2EVDKWpWRMiP\VHSRQNXGOLãtRGREVDKXStVOXãQêFKVWDYHEQtFKMDPFRåYãDN
P$åHEêWGiQRSUiYIXQNþQtVSHFLILNRXWFKWRVNOtSN$3RGREQpVHQDãO\LY
GRPHFKMiPDDMiP\D6HYHUQtþiVWVDPDE\ODY\NOiGiQD
jako zásobárna (Soudský 1966: 32).
2E\WQêFKDUDNWHUVWHGRYpþiVWLQD]QDþXMtLYDULDQW\NRQVWUXNþQtFKWURMLF]HMPpQDY
DG49ãHFKQD]MLã"RYDQiXVSRiGiQtXND]XMtQDVQDKXVWDYLWHO$UR]ãtLWþiVW
VWHGRYpKRSURVWRUXQHMVStãSUR~þHO\VKURPDåRYiQtYtFHRVREDRSURVWLWMHMRG
142
NRQVWUXNþQtFKVORXS$NWHUpYMLQêFKþiVWHFKQHYDGLO\EåQpPXSURYR]XYGRP
.RQVWUXNþQtWURMLFHQHPXVHO\YåG\SHGVWDYRYDWStþQpGOHQtYQLWNXMDNGRNOiGi
åOiEHNXYQLWVHYHUQtþiVWLYGRPNWHUêMHPLPRNRQVWUXNþQtWURMLFHDNWHUêPO
QHSRFK\EQGOLFtIXQNFL'YRMLWpGOHQtVHYHUQtþiVWLNRUHVSRQGXMHYWRPWRStSDG
MHGQR]QDþQVGYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt/]HWHG\SLMPRXWLK\SRWp]XåHYHOLNRVWVHYHUQt
þiVWLGRP$RGSRYtGiSRþWXRE\YDWHO(Coudart 1998: 3RGREQMHSLMDWHOQiWDNp
SHGVWDYDåHGOHQpVWDYE\SHGVWDYXMtPDMHWQMãtRE\YDWHOHQHERRE\YDWHOHVY\ããtP
SRVWDYHQtPYGDQpNRPXQLWStäuble 1994: 209). Obdobné funkce byly
]DEH]SHþRYiQ\LYMHGQRGXFKêFKVWDYEiFKLNG\åYHVNURPQMãtPtHNWHUiVH
neprojevila archeologicky pozorovatelnými detaily v základní konstrukci.
ÒORKDþiVWtSRGOHURGXDYNX
3RURYQiPHOLY]WDKHIHNWLYQRVWLVWDYE\DYHOLNRVWLVWHGQtþiVWLGRVWiYiPHVWDWLVWLFN\
Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\PH]LMHGQRWOLYêPLWtGDPL&HONRYSHYDåXMtGRP\SU$PUQp
YêNRQQRVWLNRQVWUXNFHVWHMQMDNRXMHGQRGtOQêFKVWHG$8GYRXGtOQêFK
SHGVWDYXMtFtFKYtFHRE\YDWHOGRPXYãDNMHQHMYtFHNRQVWUXNFtVY\ããtYêNRQQRVWt
6NXWHþQRVWåHVHVWDYE\OLãtVYêPSURYHGHQtPDWREH]RKOHGXQDSRþHW
RE\YDWHOE\PRKODEêWRGUD]HPLURGRYpKRDYNRYpKRVORåHQtRE\YDWHO/]H
SHGSRNOiGDWåHGRP\QDMHMLFKåVWDYEVHSRGtOHORYtFHPODGãtFKPXå$EXGRX
NRQVWUXRYiQ\MDNRHIHNWLYQMãtVWDYED7HQWRURGRYêDYNRYêNRQWUDVWE\VHPRKO
SLSLVRYDWSHGHYãtPMHGQRGtOQêPVWDYEiPVY\VRNêPNRHILFLHQWHPYêNRQQRVWL
FHONRYYNRQWUDVWXNHGYRXGtOQêPVWDYEiPVQt]NêPNRHILFLHQWHPFHONRY
9SUYQtPStSDGE\VHMHGQDORRURGLQ\VUHODWLYQY\ããtPSRGtOHP
PODGãtFKVLOQMãtFKPXå$VY\ããtYêNRQQRVWt9HGUXKpPStSDGE\YNRYêSU$PUY
GRPPOEêWY\ããtDPODGãtFKPXå$UHODWLYQPpQ3RWRPE\VHXSODWQLODYtFH
]NXãHQRVWVWDUãtFKPXå$WDE$
1DUR]GOHQtVWHGQtKRSURVWRUXSRGOHURGXDYNXO]HXVX]RYDWMHQVSHNXODWLYQ9
E\ODQVNêFKGRPHFKNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVH]GiSLMDWHOQMãtGOHQtSRGpOQp
DþNROLYQH]FHODXVWiOHQpSRGOHVYWRYêFKVWUDQ=YWãHQêVWHGRYêSURVWRUQDNWHUêY
DGStSDG$XND]XMHNRQILJXUDFHWURMLFH4StSDGQDEVHQFHQNWHUpKRN$OXVH
þDVWMLSLP\NiNYêFKRGQtVWQQHåN]iSDGQtVWQ7DWRþiVWE\
PODEêWY\XåtYiQDPXåL1DRSDþQpVWUDQE\E\O\XPtVWQ\SHFHQHERRKQLãWD
SURVWRUY\KUD]HQêåHQiP
9StSDGåHE\FKRPSLMDOLK\SRWp]XRGOHQtVWHGQtKRSURVWRUXStþQ
SHGSRNOiGDMtVHSHFHXNUiWNêFKVWQStSDGQQDUR]KUDQtVWHGXDStVWDYN$(Lüning
1995: REU3RWRPE\VHQDRSDNPXåLNRQWURORYDQiþiVWQDFKi]HODXSURVWHGQHERX
VWQ\D]E\WHNE\E\OSU$FKR]t=DORPHQtVWHGQtWURMLFHXYROXMHQNG\XUþLWê
SURVWRUNWHUêE\PRKOEêWSHGSRNOiGiQSURSHF9E\ODQVNêFKGRPHFKWRWR]DORPHQt
QHQtVPURYXVWiOHQR9HVPUHFK69-9-=6=MHWRSRVWXSQ
9\QHFKiQtN$OXSRNXGVHMHGQiRVNXWHþQ]iPUQpY\QHFKiQtMHSRQNXGþDVWMãtX
YêFKRGQtStSDG$QHå]iSDGQtVWQ\StSDG$PpQþDVWRXSURVWHGStSDG\
3URVWRUNRQWURORYDQêåHQDPLE\E\OSRWRPRNRORWpWRSHFHYQNWHUpP]URK$
VWHGRYpþiVWLGRPX
3RGOHRERXXYHGHQêFKK\SRWp]MHGOHQtVWHGQtþiVWLGRPXSRGOHURGXYHOPL
SUDYGSRGREQpDOHVYHONRXYDULDELOLWRXYNDåGpPGRPSURWRåHQHO]HVWDQRYLW
QMDNpMHGQR]QDþQpSUDYLGOR'OHQtVHYHUQtþiVWLSRGOHYNXDURGXMHURYQå
spekulativní (Coudart 1998: 3RNXGSLMPHPHYêNODGStþQGOHQêFKSURVWRUV
UHVSHNWRYDQêPVRXNURPtPSRWRPE\]HMPpQDXYtFHQiVREQGOHQêFKGRP$PRKOR
143
EêWXSODWRYiQRMHãWGDOãtRGVWXSRYiQtWRKRWRVRXNURPt%OtåHNHVWHGXE\FKRP
RþHNiYDOLSURVWRUSURPXåHDGiOHNHNRQFLGRPXSURVWRUSURåHQ\DGWLStSDGQ
MHãWGiOHSURQHMVWDUãtRE\YDWHOHGRPX
,QIRUPDþQtREVDK]KOHGLVNDNRQWLQXLW\DGLVNRQWLQXLW\Y]DEH]SHþHQtRE\GOt
9SURVWRUXIi]tVH]iNODGQtIXQNþQtW\S\GRP$RGGOXMtRGNRPSOHWQtFKS$GRU\V$V
MLåQtPLVHYHUQtPStVWDYNHP2NRORQKRVHVHVNXSXMtIi]HD([WUpPQt
VNXSLQXVGRP\MHQVHVHYHUQtPStVWDYNHPWYRtIi]HDPH]LREPD
skupinami se nacházejí fáze 3, 16, 18 - 20. Extrémní fází s jednodílným domem je
fáze 25. Mezi skupinami se nacházejí fáze 4, 14, 15, 17, 21 - 23. Nelze proto
Y\SUDFRYDWQMDNêFKURQRORJLFNêWUHQGFRåMHYStSDGIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
RþHNiYDWHOQp-HGQRDGYRXGtOQpGRP\MVRXSRNOiGiQ\VStãH]DPODGãtCoudart
1998: FRåE\Y%\ODQHFKRGSRYtGDORYêYRMLSRþtQDMHIi]t)i]HDE\
VHRGWRKRWRPRGHOXRGFK\ORYDO\3URWRåHGHILQLFHWURMGtOQRVWLQHPXVtEêWYåG\
MHGQR]QDþQiSHYDåXMH~SOQêS$GRU\VQDGRVWDWQtPLGYPDREUD
9%\ODQHFKVHSRWYU]XMHFHQWUiOQtSR]LFHWURMGtOQpKRGRPXYFHOpPSU$EKXYêYRMH
OLQHiUQtKRVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX9ê]QDPIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHVSRþtYiYHVSROHþHQVNR
HNRQRPLFNp~OR]HMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWt=DWtPFR]iNODGQtIXQNFHSOQLOLMHGQRGtOQêG$P
GRP\VGDOãtPLGtO\PXVHO\VSORYDWXUþLWpQDGVWDQGDUGQt~NRO\3LVWDYHQtMHQ
VHYHUQtþiVWLSRStSDGMHMtSURMHY\YNRQVWUXNFLXND]XMHQD]YêUD]QQtWFKþLQQRVWt
NWHUpVHWêNDO\YêKUDGQRE\YDWHOGRPX%\O\]iURYH]HWHOQRGGOHQ\RGþLQQRVWt
MLFKåVHPRKOL]~þDVWQLWLFL]LQFL'YRXGtOQêG$PVHY\VN\WXMHMDNYHVNXSLQiFK
V\QFKURQQtFKGRP$YDUHiOX%<WDNLYL]RORYDQêFKGRPHFKYDUHiOX0,3DYO$
1998b-HGQiVHWHG\R]YêUD]QQtURGRYpIXQNFHGRPX
6StãHHNRQRPLFNRXUROL]G$UD]XMHMLåQtþiVW9\MPDGRPXNGHVHYHUQtþiVW
]FHODFK\EtVHMLåQtþiVWY\VN\WXMHYåG\MHQYNRPELQDFLVHVHYHUQtþiVWt9\MDGXMH
RWHYHQRVWY$þLVRXVHG$PYUiPFLVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXNWHtPRKOLEêWMHQY]GiOHQ
StEX]Qt1HEêYiMHãW~SOQY\SUDFRYiQDYHVWDUãtPREGREtFRåQHPXVtEêWMHQ
alternace se zahloubenými sily (Soudský 1966: 29, Coudart 1998: MLFKåE\ORYWp
GREWDNpPiORŠumberová 1996: REMHNWYL]WDPWpåVWU6\QFKURQQt
GRP\QHMVWDUãtFKIi]tPRKO\EêWRVtGOHQ\RE\YDWHOLWVQMLSRNUHYQStEX]QêPLFRå
WXWRHNRQRPLFNRXYVWtFQRVWQHY\åDGRYDOR-LåQtþiVWFK\EtWDNpYL]RORYDQêFK
GRPHFKYDUHiOX0,MHãWEKHPSRþiWNXVWHGQtKRVWXSQNG\QD%<E\O\MLå
WtGtOQpGRP\EXGRYiQ\9WRPWRVP\VOXE\VHVNXSRYiQtGRP$U$]QêFKIXQNþQtFK
W\S$XND]RYDORQDVRXåLWtVSROHþHQVNêFKVNXSLQU$]QpKRVWXSQStEX]QRVWL3RFLW
URGRYpLVRXVHGVNpVRXQiOHåLWRVWLVHPRKOEKHPYêYRMHXYRORYDWDSHYDKD
MHGQRGtOQêFKGRP$Y]iYUXE\SRWRPE\ODGRNODGHPMDNVSROHþHQVNpKRRGFL]HQt
URGLQDEVHQFHVHYHUQtþiVWLWDNLHNRQRPLFNpL]RODFHRE\YDWHOVRXVHGtFtFKGRP$
DEVHQFHMLåQtþiVWL
6.6.2. Výkonnost staveb v prostoru fází
9êNRQQRVWS$GRU\V$/Q.E\ODUR]GOHQDQDWLNDWHJRULHVKUDQLFHPLNRHILFLHQWXY
KRGQRWiFKD3URWRåHNRHILFLHQWY\MDGXMHYODVWQ]DVWHãHQRXSORFKXSLSDGDMtFt
QDMHGQXNRQVWUXNþQtWURMLFLO]HREMDVQLWPDORXYêNRQQRVWNRQVWUXNFHWDNpMDNRPpQ
QHåP2 SLSDGDMtFtQDMHGHQNRQVWUXNþQtN$OQHERPpQQHåP2 SLSDGDMtFtQD
144
MHGHQN$OSRþtWiPHOLLSRGS$UQpN$O\YHVWQ6YêNRQQRVWtNRQVWUXNFHVH~PUQ
]YWãXMHSORFKDNMHMtPXå]DVWHãHQtGRVWDþRYDOMHGHQN$O
5R]GOHQtGRP$SRGOHYêNRQQRVWLMHMLFKNRQVWUXNFHYMHGQRWOLYêFKVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tFK
XND]XMHåHYDULDELOLWDYêNRQQRVWLQHY\ND]XMHVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQpUR]GtO\YSU$EKX
YêYRMHNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX1HMþDVWMLVHYHIi]LY\VN\WQHPD[LPXPGRP$VH
VWHGQtYêNRQQRVWt[QHMPpQþDVWRVYHONRXYêNRQQRVWt[9FHONRYêFK
SRþWHFKMVRXGRP\VU$]QRXYêNRQQRVWtUR]GOHQ\]KUXEDYHVWHMQêFKSRPUHFK
1HMPpQYêNRQQêFKNRQVWUXNFtMHQHMYêNRQQMãtFKWDE$
$UFKLWHNWXUDNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXY%\ODQHFKQHY\ND]XMHåiGQpYêUD]Qp
WUHQG\SRGOHQLFKåE\VHGDORXVX]RYDWQDt]HQRXHIHNWLYQRVWVWDYLWHOVWYt0pQ
YêNRQQêFKNRQVWUXNFtVLFHYPODGãtFKREGREtFKSLEêYiDQHY\VN\WQRXVHY
QHMVWDUãtFKIi]tFK3UDYGSRGREQRVW]REHFQLWHOQRVWLWFKWRUR]GtO$MHYãDNYHOPL
Qt]Ni3URWRO]HE\ODQVNRXVWDYLWHOVNRXWUDGLFLSRVX]RYDWMDNRYtFHPpQXVWiOHQRXY
SU$EKXQNROLNDVWROHWt2GFK\ON\RGVWDQGDUGQtNRQVWUXNFHPDMtLQGLYLGXiOQt
FKDUDNWHUDStþLQ\MVRXVStãHVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNpQHåDE\QD]QDþRYDO\QMDNRX
]iVDGQtWHFKQLFNRX]PQX
6.7.RQWH[WLGHMtDSHGVWDY
2ULHQWDFHGRP$
1iSDGQVKRGQpVPRYiQtGORXKpVWUDQ\YãHFKGRP$NVHYHUXMHRSDNRYDQ
SHGPWHP~YDKRYê]QDPXWpWRVNXWHþQRVWL1DSRVOHGE\OSUREOpPSRGUREHQYHOPL
podrobné analýze (Mattheusser 1991), a to jednak v regionu Dolního Porýní, jednak v
FHOpREODVWLUR]ãtHQt/Q.$XWRUNDVOHGRYDODY]WDKRULHQWDFHGRP$NMHMLFKPHWULFHD
NRQVWUXNþQtPGHWDLO$PVWHGQtþiVWLNþDVRYpPXYêYRMLDJHRJUDILFNpPXUR]ORåHQtY
PHQãtPLYWãtPSURVWRUX1HQDOH]ODåiGQêY]WDKNHNRQVWUXNFLQHERStSDGQêP
NRQVWUXNþQtPSULQFLS$PMDNE\ORQDYUKRYiQRGtYH3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi
ýDVRYYãDNVHYSU$PUQêFKKRGQRWiFKSURMHYLO\GYNRPSDNWQtDG\DWR
starších fází a mladších fází (Mattheusser 1991: 30). $XWRUNDVRXGtåHQHO]HSURNi]DW
DQLMLVWpRSWLPiOQtQDVPURYiQtGRPXY$þLSHYOiGDMtFtPVPU$PYWU$NWHUpE\OR
GRSRVXGSRYDåRYiQR]DKODYQtStþLQXMHGQRWQpRULHQWDFH(Soudský 1969: 82, Coudart
1998: 3URWRåHQHE\ODSURNi]iQDåiGQiVRXYLVORVWRULHQWDFHGRP$VQMDNêPSUR
NRQVWUXNFLGRPXSUDNWLFNêP~þHOHPVRXGtDXWRUNDåHVHMHGQiRMHYYêKUDGQ
NXOWXUQt3URWRVHYQPWDNpRGUiåtQDU$VWDMtFtUHJLRQDOL]DFHFHOpREODVWLNXOWXU\V
lineární keramikou (Mattheusser 1991: 39). .XOWXUQYi]DQêSRVXQRV\GRP$V
N$ORYRXNRQVWUXNFt]iSDGQtPVPUHPE\OSURNi]iQWDNpQDVtGOLãWLY%H]QDWRRG
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXDåSR~QWLFNRXNXOWXUX(Pleinerová 1990: 271). Je proto
QXWQRRULHQWDFLGRP$]DKUQRXWGR]QDN$FKDUDNWHUL]XMtFtFKVW\OLVWLFNRXVWUiQNX
QHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\QLNROLYIXQNþQtQHERFKURQRORJLFNRXModderman 1987: 342,
Boelicke et al. 1988: 927) (obr. 6.7.1.a.).
9êYRMSU$PUQêFKKRGQRWRULHQWDFHGORXKpRV\DGLDJRQiO\VWHGQtþiVWLMH]GH
]QRYXSRURYQiQREUD2EVSROX~]FHVRXYLVHMt3DYO$394)SURWRåH
dlouhá osa kolísá v závislosti na PLQLPiOQtRGFK\OFHGRPXVPUHPNVHYHUX
(Mattheusser 1991: 3HVWRVHYQNWHUêFKGHWDLOHFKY\YtMtRULHQWDFHGLDJRQiO\
VWHGQtþiVWLSO\QXOHMLQHåRULHQWDFHRV\FRåMHRGUD]HPSRGtOXMHGQRGXFKêFKD
GYRMLWêFKVWHG$
9HYêYRMLSU$PUQêFKKRGQRWRULHQWDFHRV\VHSURMHYXMHSRGREQêWUHQGMDNRY
Merzbachtalu. V prvních sedmi fázích je to zvyšování jejich odchylky k západu. Od
145
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GORXKpRV\DVWHGQtþiVWLY\ND]XMHIi]H]DVWRXSHQiMHQMHGQtPGRPHPV
GYRMLWRXVWHGQtþiVWt([WUpPQtKRGQRW\QiSDGQNRUHVSRQGXMtVIi]HPLSRQLFKåMVRX
LQWHUSUHWRYiQ\]PQ\QHERSRVXQ\YVtGOHQt-HGQiVHYåG\RXUþLWpSHUXãHQtSO\QXOp
YêVWDYE\GRP$7RE\PRKORQD]QDþRYDWåHRULHQWDFHQiVOHGQêFKGRP$VJHQHWLFN\
StEX]QêPLRE\YDWHOLE\ODQDY]iMHP]iYLVOi2GFK\ON\YRULHQWDFLPRKRXY\PH]RYDW
KUDQLFHVWDYLWHOVNêFKVFKRSQRVWtYQHROLWX=iURYHVHVWiYDMtQRVLWHOHPLQIRUPDFHR
StEX]HQVWYtVWDYHE
2GFK\ONXYRULHQWDFLMHPRåQRY\VYWOLWWDNpQHJDWLYQtPS$VREHQtPSHUVSHNWLYQtKR
]NUHVOHQt0iPQDP\VOL]S$VREMDNY\W\þLWGYSDUDOHOQtOLQLHY]iMHPQRGVHEH
Y]GiOHQpQNROLNGHVtWHNPHWU$$E\VHW\WROLQLHMHYLO\URYQREåQSRWRPVHPXVtYH
VNXWHþQRVWLUR]EtKDW-HOLNRåGRP\E\O\þDVWRSHVWDYRYiQ\YMHGQRPVPUXSRWRP
]GiQOLYiRGFK\ONDSUDYLGHOQQHERDOHVSRYXUþLWpPþDVRYpP~VHNXQDU$VWi
3DUDOHOQ]DORåHQpDG\VWDYE\MDNRQDSY&XLU\OüV&KDXGDUGHV(Ilett Constantin - Coudart - Demoule 1982) mohou být dokladem jak vyšší dovednosti
VWDYLWHO$WDNLMHMLFKStEX]QRVWL7DNWRO]HY\VYWOLWNUiWNRGREêSRVXQRULHQWDFH
GORXKpRV\GRP$QDMHGQRPQDOH]LãWLQLNROLYGORXKRGREpSRVXQ\=HMPpQDUR]GtO\QD
úrovni kultur ukazují spíše na snahu po kulturní identifikaci v oblasti
DUFKLWHNWRQLFNpKRVW\OXQHåQDLQGLYLGXiOQtNRQVWUXNþQtRGFK\ON\
6W\ONRQVWUXNFHMLåQtKRþHODGRPX
%\ORMLåYêãHSRXNi]iQRåHVW\OLVWLFNiYDULDELOLWDMLåQtþiVWLMHSRGVWDWQY\ããtQHå
VHYHUQt1HMYtFHNROtViNRQVWUXNFHMLåQtVWQ\NWHUiE\ODYPQRKDStSDGHFK
NRQVWUXRYiQDVDPRVWDWQMDNRQMDNêþHOQtãWtWRGGOHQêRGYODVWQtVWQ\6YGþtR
WRPU$]QiNRQILJXUDFHN$ORYêFKMDPHN.URP]QiPêFKDQW$NG\MVRXN$O\
GORXKêFKVWQSHGVXQXW\SHGMLåQt]iYUGRPXGRP\MVRXY
%\ODQHFKQHMþDVWMLUR]ãtHQ\NRQFHGORXKêFKVWQD]GYRMHQRþHORGRP\
DW\SLFNê0pQþDVWêMHStSDGåHVH
NRQFHVWQ]XåXMtGRP\.URPWFKWRYDULDQWMLåQtVWQ\VHY\VN\WQHMHãW
MDNêVLWYDUORGQtStGVPtUQY\VXQXWêPVWHGHPMLåQtVWQ\GRP\
224, 624, 903, 1100, 1226, 2209).
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S$GRU\V$QHO]HåiGQRXQHREY\NORXNRQILJXUDFLEH]SRGUREQMãtKRSR]RURYiQt
RGKDOLWýDVWREêYiMLåQt]iYUYWHUpQXãSDWQUR]OLãLWHOQêDGHWDLO\MHKRNRQVWUXNFH
QHLGHQWLILNRYDWHOQp=YOiãWQtStSDGWYRtG$PNG\QHO]HUR]KRGQRXW]GDVH
MHGQiRQMDNRXSHGVXQXWRXþiVWYFKRGXQHERQHGRVWDWHþQ]D]QDPHQDQpN$ORYp
MDPN\.YêãHXYHGHQêPYDULDQWiPMHQXWQRSLSRþtVWMHãWQNROLN]GYRMHQêFK
N$ORYêFKMDPHNYþHOQtVWQNWHUpþDVWRVSOêYDMtVH]KXãWQêPLDGDPL
NRQVWUXNþQtFKN$O$YFHOpMLåQtþiVWL
'RVDYDGQt]MLãWQtXND]XMtåHXPQRKDE\ODQVNêFKGRP$E\OREXGRYiQRMLåQtþHOR
]YOiãWQtP]S$VREHPNWHUêPPOEêWG$PLQGLYLGXiOQSHGVWDYHQDVW\OLVWLFN\
RGOLãHQRGRVWDWQtFKGRP$8QNWHUêFKGRNRQFHPRKODEêWSRVWDYHQDMDNiVLR]GREQi
SHGVWQDMDNiMHGRORåHQDYDUFKLWHNWXHGRPRURGêFKVSROHþQRVWt(Rapoport 1972:
6XUþLWRXQDGVi]NRXO]HSURWRtFLåHGRPRYQt]QDPHQt]PQRKHPSR]GMãt
KLVWRULFNpGRE\PODVYpKRGUXKXSHGFK$GFHMLåYQHMVWDUãtQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXH
146
6W\OLVWLFNiNODVLILNDFHGRP$
6W\ON$ORYpNRQVWUXNFHGRP$VHQHMOpSHSURMHYXMHYFHONRYpPUR]YUåHQtYQLWQtFK
NRQVWUXNþQtFKN$O$$&RXGDUWUR]OLãLODGHVHWW\S$RUJDQL]DFHYQLWQtFKWURMLFSRGOH
MHMLFKKXVWRW\DSUDYLGHOQRVWLUR]HVWXS$1998: 28+XVWRWXO]HREMHNWLYQGHILQRYDWD
QD]iNODGUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWtMHSUR%\ODQ\SLMDWHOQiKUDQLFHPGpON\GRPXQD
MHGQXWURMLFLYL]'RWpWRKRGQRW\VHMHGQiRKXVWpXVSRiGiQtY\ããtXUþXMH
tGNpXVSRiGiQt3UDYLGHOQRVWQHERQHSUDYLGHOQRVWSRStSDGU\WPXVXVSRiGiQt
trojic je dosti subjektivní stránkou stylistické klasifikace (STYLTY), navíc závisí také
QDVWXSQLGRFKRYDQRVWLQHERGRNXPHQWDFHS$GRU\VX9VRXKODVHVYêãHXYHGHQRX
W\SRORJLtVHVWDY\YQLWQtFKN$O$E\ORY%\ODQHFK]MLãWQRSWWtGREUD
$SUDYLGHOQpKXVWp%QHSUDYLGHOQpKXVWp&SUDYLGHOQpVWHGQKXVWp'
U\WPLFNp(SUDYLGHOQptGNp
3URWRåHYêNRQQRVWNRQVWUXNFHMHGiQDVURYQDWHOQVKXVWRWRXSRGtOHPWURMLFN
]DVWHãHQpSORãHRþHNiYDOLE\FKRPåHREPtU\EXGRXVLOQNRUHORYDW7DE$
9HVNXWHþQRVWLMVRXUR]GtO\PH]LREPDKRGQRWDPLMHQPiORVWDWLVWLFN\Yê]QDPQp
FKT GI S 5HODWLYQQHMSRþHWQMãtMVRXGRP\VW\OX&VWHGQ
KXVWpN$O\DYãDNMHMLFKSRGtOMHQHMY\ããtXGRP$VQt]NRXYêNRQQRVWtPpQ
QHåP2 ]DVWHãHQpSORFK\QDMHGQXWURMLFL1DRSDNQHMY\ããtSRGtOGRP$V
NRQVWUXNFtVW\OX$MHVSRMHQVHVWHGQtYêNRQQRVWtNRQVWUXNFH7HQWRUR]SRU
MHGiQQHMVStãHQHSHVQRXKUDQLFtPH]LVW\O\$D&NWHUpQHMVRXNYDQWLWDWLYQ
RGOLãHQ\SHVQMãtKRGQRWRXKXVWRW\N$O$DOHMHQVXEMHNWLYQtP]DD]HQtPGRWtG
-LQêP]NUHVOXMtFtPPRPHQWHPP$åHEêWUR]GtOQêU\WPXVN$O$YMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWHFK
GRP$
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U\WPLFNêPXVSRiGiQtP7tPVHOLãtVW\OE\ODQVNêFKNRQVWUXNFtRGGRP$Y]iSDGQt
REODVWLNGHWRWRU\WPLFNpXVSRiGiQtSHYOiGi&HONRYiYDULDELOLWDVW\OXMHGiQD
KRGQRWRXFRåMHVStãHY\ããtKRGQRWDSURWHQWR]QDN6W\ONRQVWUXNFHE\ODQVNêFK
GRP$O]HWHG\KRGQRWLWMDNR]QDþQSURPQOLYêLNG\åSHYiåQ& VRXVWHGQêRNRORVWHGQKXVWpKRSUDYLGHOQpKRXVSRiGiQt=WRKRO]HXVX]RYDWåH
]QDNRYiKRGQRWDVW\OXYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHQHE\ODY\VRNiFRåRGSRYtGiMHMt
X]DYHQRVWLSHGRþLPDRE\YDWHOMLQêFKGRP$WDE7.3.A.).
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PiOR7DNpYDULDELOLWDVW\OXMHYHIi]tFKQt]NiSRX]HYSU$EKXVWHGQtKRDPODGãtKR
VWXSQIi]HVH]Y\ãXMH1HSURMHYXMHVHSLWRPåiGQêSUDYLGHOQêYêYRMRYê
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NRHILFLHQW$YDULDELOLW\VW\OLVWLFNêFKWtGSUREtKDMtYWFKWRIi]tFKWpPYHVWHMQpP
U\WPXMDNRYDULDELOLWDIRUPiOQtFKWtGVURY7DE$-HVWOLåHE\IRUPiOQtWtG\
RGSRYtGDO\YHOLNRVWLURGLQREêYDMtFtFKGRP\SRWRPVW\OLVWLFNpWtG\NRQVWUXNFH
GRP$PRKRXEêWGDOãtPYêUD]HPNROtViQtSRSXODFH6WiYDMtVHWDNQRVLWHOHP
GHPRJUDILFNpLQIRUPDFHQHMHQSURYQMãtSR]RURYDWHOHDOHLSURStSDGQpQiYãWYQtN\
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147
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GRSRGOHMHKRUR]GOHQtþHWQRVWt0H]LWPLWRWtGDPLQDU$VWiLQWHUYDOSRVWXSQR
YHOLNRVWLREUD7YDU\S$GRU\V$E\O\SHY]DW\]SUiFH$
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9%\ODQHFKE\O\NODVLILNRYiQ\MHQSUYQtWLWYDU\QHER"RVWDWQtVYWãtVEtKDYRVWtNG\
UR]GtOPH]LQHMXåãtVHYHUQtVWUDQRXDQHMYWãtãtNRXGRPXMHPHQãtQHåPWDP
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PLWHOQêGpONRãtNRYêLQGH[8PHQãtFKGRP$MVRX]HMPK$H]DFKRYiQ\NUiWNp
VWQ\DSURWRMHMLFKUHODWLYQPpQNODVLILNRYiQRYNRJQLWLYQtFKW\SHFK
Vynecháme-li kombinace, které se vyskytnou jen jednou, potom se domy seskupují
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PRKODSURMHYRYDW]iURGHþQiWHQGHQFHN]iPUQpPX]XåRYiQt]DGQtRE\WQpþiVWLNWHUi
VHYêUD]QMLSURMHYLODDåYPODGãtPQHROLWXVWDYERXGRP$VWUDSH]RYLWêPS$GRU\VHP
(tab. 6.8.1.A.).
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W\S$S$GRU\V$2VWDWQtMVRXEXQH~SOQpQHERQHGRVWDWHþQGRNXPHQWRYDQpStSDG\
XQLFKåQHO]HKRGQRW\]QDN$VWDQRYLW7R]QDþQVQLåXMHSU$ND]QRVWDVRXYLVORVWL
SURWRW\S$&HONHPMHQYãHFKNODVLILNRYDWHOQêFKGRP$VHY\VN\WORRMHGLQOHY
QNWHUpWtGDQHE\O\SURWR]DKUQXW\PH]LSURWRW\S\7RMHSRPUQPDOêSRþHWFRå
E\VYGþLORR]QDþQpVWDQGDUGL]DFLQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\3URWRW\S\Då]DKUQXMt
MDNS$GRU\V\VURYQREåQêPLVWQDPLWDNLS$GRU\V\VPtUQVEtKDYêPLVWQDPL
5R]GtO\PH]LQLPLMVRXSHYDKRXYHOLNRVWQtDMHGQiVHYODVWQRPDOpVWHGQtDYHONp
GRP\RYãHPSRQNXGRGOLãQGHILQRYDQpQHåYRGVWDYFL3URWRW\SVHRGQLFK
OLãtPtUQ]~åHQêPVHYHUQtP]iYUHPGRPX3RGtOMHGQRWOLYêFKSURWRW\S$Y
FHONRYêFKSRþWHFKSRVWXSQNOHVi&HONRYiYDULDELOLWDMH
dána koeficientem 11.6.
3RGtOSURWRW\S$YHIi]tFKNROtViYHVWDUãtPREGREtGRIi]H%XMHQt]NêDå
QXORYêQHERSHVDKXMHSRORYLQXYãHFKV\QFKURQQtFKVWDYHE9
PODGãtPREGREtMHYWãLQRXQLåãtQHå7\WRSRPU\MVRX]NUHVOHQ\
NODVLILNRYDWHOQRVWtMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$DFHONRYêPSRþWHPVWDYHEYNDåGpIi]L3HVWR
O]HVRXGLWåHDUFKLWHNWRQLFNêVW\OVWDUãtKRREGREtE\OPpQXVWiOHQêQHåSR]GML
6YGþtRWRPLYêVOHGN\NRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]\SURWRW\S$YSURVWRUXIi]t3URWRW\S
je postaven u prvního faktoru (50.7 %) proti ostatním. Ve druhém faktoru (28.3 %) se
RGOLãXMtGYRMLFHSURWRW\S$DRGGYRMLFHD3UYQtIDNWRUWDNRGSRYtGiYHOLNRVWL
]DWtPFRGUXKêVStãHQHURYQRPUQRVWLGORXKêFKVWQ-HOLNRååiGQêþDVRYêWUHQGQHQt
SDWUQêRGSRYtGiUR]YUåHQtSURWRW\SRYêFKVWDYHEGORXKRGREpNXOWXUQtWUDGLFLNXOWXU\
s lineární keramikou (obr. 6.8.2.a.).
148
,QIRUPDþQtYê]QDPQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\SURY\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQt
tradice
6W\OLVWLFNpWtG\GRP$YSURVWRUXIi]t
3RQNXGMLQêREUD]GiYiNRUHVSRQGHQþQtDQDOê]DVW\OLVWLFNêFKW\S$GRP$YL]NDS
SURWRåHE\O\GHILQRYiQ\SRGOHMLQêFKNULWHULtQHåSURWRW\S\NDS9
SURVWRUXIi]tY\þHUSiYiMLåYSUYQtFKGYRXIDNWRUHFKSUDYGSRGREQRVWLDY
H[WUpPQtFKSR]LFtFKVHQDFKi]HMtW\S\%VKXVWêPLQHSUDYLGHOQXVSRiGDQêPLN$O\D
(VUHODWLYQtGNêPSUDYLGHOQêPXVSRiGiQtPN$O$2ERMtQHMVRXPH]LE\ODQVNêPL
GRP\StOLãYêUD]Q]DVWRXSHQ\7\S&VSU$PUQKXVWXVSRiGDQêPLN$O\
Y\VWXSXMHSRGOHRþHNiYiQtMDNRFHQWUiOQtVW\ORNRORQKRåVHVWDYtW\S$VKXVWãtPLD
W\S'VLGãtPLN$O\YQLWQtNRQVWUXNFH6W\OLVWLFNpW\S\QHY\ND]XMtRSWåiGQp
SUDYLGHOQpFKURQRORJLFNpSRDGt-HGQRWOLYpVtGOLãWQtIi]HVHVHVNXSXMt]FHOD
QHSUDYLGHOQ9H[WUpPQtFKSR]LFtFKVHQDFKi]tIi]HEOtåHW\SX(DIi]HEOtåH
W\SX%-HGQiVHRQHMYWãtRGFK\ONXPH]LVW\OHP]KXãWQtYQLWQtFKN$O$9GHYiWp
Ii]LNWHUiQiVOHGXMHSRSHVXQXVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX]iSDGQtPVPUHPYUiPFL%<E\
VHPRKODSURMHYLWXUþLWiQHMLVWRWDYHVW\OXVWDYHEQtNRQVWUXNFHREUD
6.9.2. Informace a komunikace v dosahu neolitické architektury
5R]PtVWQtYFtSRPiKiRGKDOLWSHGVWDY\DSUDYLGODNWHUiOLGpSLMtPDMt]DYODVWQtD
daná. A. Rapoport cituje (1972: StSDGXVSRiGiQtQiE\WNXYVRXGQtVtQLNWHUp
RGSRYtGiSULQFLS$PMXULVGLNFHYXUþLWp]HPLDXND]XMHQDRGOLãQpSRVWDYHQtLY]WDK\
PH]L~þLQNXMtFtPLYVRXGQtPSURFHVX$QDORJLFN\O]HXYDåRYDWRNXOWXUQt
SRGPtQQRVWLDUFKLWHNWXU\DMHMtFKIRUHPLNG\åYtFHY\SRYtGiRVYêFKWY$UFtFKQHåR
YODVWQtFKRE\YDWHOtFK9StSDGQHROLWLFNêFKVWDYHEMHVLWXDFHMHGQRGXããtQHER"
RE\YDWHOpLVWDYLWHOpGRP$E\OLWRWRåQt
,QIRUPDFHDMHMLFKYêPQXMHåQHROLWLFNiDUFKLWHNWXUD]SURVWHGNRYDODO]HUR]GOLW
SRGOHGRVDKXDXUþHQt%\O\Y\PH]HQ\MHGQDNYHOLNRVWtVSROHþHQVNêFKMHGQRWHN
RE\YDWHOGRP$MHGQDNUR]VDKHPNRQWDNW$NQLPåGRFKi]HORYGRPLPLPRQM
=DVWHãHQtSRPUQUR]ViKOpKRSURVWRUXYSRPUXNSHGSRNOiGDQpPXSRþWXRE\YDWHO
E\ORVRXþDVQNRPELQRYiQRVY\PH]HQtPYWãtKRYROQpKR~]HPtYQGRP$7R
VYGþtQHMHQRSURVWpGRVWXSQRVWLYROQpKR~]HPtDWDNpDEVHQFLQMDNêFKYODVWQLFNêFK
RPH]HQtDOHLR]QDþQpVYpSUiYQRVWLDQH]iYLVORVWLRE\YDWHOMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$7DWR
FKDUDNWHULVWLNDVHRYãHPY]WDKXMHQDFHORXQHROLWLFNRXDUFKLWHNWXUXYHVWHGQt(YURS
DRGOLãXMHMLSHGHYãtPRGVRXGREpQHERVWDUãtDUFKLWHNWXU\QD3HGQtPYêFKRGLQD
%DONiQ
'$PYQLWQtPXVSRiGiQtPVYpKRSURVWRUX]SURVWHGNRYDOKLHUDUFKLFN\
RGVWXSRYDQRXYêPQXLQIRUPDFtMHMLFKåS$VREQRVWVPUHPRGYFKRGXGR]DGQtFK
þiVWtGRPXNOHVDOD~PUQWRPXMDNVHRPH]RYDOSRþHWPRåQêFKStMHPF$WFKWR
]SUiY-LåQtYVWXSQtþiVWE\ODMHãWSRPUQGRVWLRWHYHQiLRE\YDWHO$PMLQêFKGRP$
8PtVWQt]iVREYSDWHPRKORPtWQHMHQG$YRG\SUDNWLFNpMDNRMHRFKUDQDSURWL
YOKNRVWLQHERãN$GF$PDOHLRPH]HQtLQIRUPDFHSURFL]tQiYãWYQtN\RVNXWHþQpP
VWDYX]iVREYGRP2SDþQDUJXPHQWXMH+6WlXEOH1994RMLåQtRWHYHQp
YHUDQGMDNRRSURVWRUXYQPåE\O\]iVRE\StVWXSQ\VSROHþQYãHP
6WHGQtþiVWGRPXSRGiYDODKODYQt~GDMHRMHKRRE\YDWHOtFKMDNVYêPXVSRiGiQtP
WDN]HMPLQHGRFKRYDQRXYê]GRERX3RGOHXVSRiGiQtLQWHULpUXQDSURVOXOpP&DWDO
+\NXO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHLYNDåGpPE\ODQVNpPGRPE\ODVYpUi]QiYê]GRED
Y]WDKXMtFtVHNHNRQNUpWQtWUDGLFLDKLVWRULLMHKRRE\YDWHOYQNROLNDSHGFKi]HMtFtFK
149
generacích 6RXGVNê3DYO$7\WR~GDMHE\O\XUþHQ\SHGHYãtPþOHQ$PURGLQ\
DOHPRKO\EêW]StVWXSQQ\LSLMtPDQêPQiYãWYiP/]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHMLVWi
RPH]HQtSDQRYDODLY$þLPXå$PåHQiPQHERQHGRVSOêPþOHQ$PURGLQ\
1HMRPH]HQMãtLQIRUPDFHSRVN\WRYDOD]DGQtQHMPpQStVWXSQiDSDWUQWDNpQHMK$H
RVYWOHQiþiVWGRPX1HMHQRVREQtSHGPW\DOHWHEDVNXWHþQê]GUDYRWQtVWDY
RE\YDWHOStSDGQMLQp~GDMHE\O\]GHFKUiQQ\SHG]UDN\QiYãWY1HGiYQi]MLãWQt
QiVLOQêFKXGiORVWtQDQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLãWtFKY5DNRXVNXGRYROXMtSHGSRNOiGDW
QHMU$]QMãtIRUP\UHJXODFHLQIRUPDFtMHMLFKGRVWXSQRVWLXYQLWLYQQHROLWLFNp
VSROHþQRVWL
2SURWLNRPXQLNDFL]YQLWQtKRXVSRiGiQtGRP$NWHUiVHVStãHY\PH]RYDODY$þL
MHGQRWOLYF$PQHERVNXSLQiPRE\YDWHOSRVN\WRYDO\]YHQNXGRP\PQRKHPYtFH
LQIRUPDFt1HMHQVYêPLUR]PU\DOHLYFHONRYpPXVSRiGiQtNRQVWUXNFHPXVHOREêW
SDWUQRSRVWDYHQtDSUHVWLåURGLQNWHUpMHREêYDO\'RVDYDGQtUHNRQVWUXNFHVHRPH]XMt
MHQQDMHGQRWQêPRGHORYêYQMãtY]KOHGGRPXDYãDNDUFKHRORJLFN\]DFK\WLWHOQp
GHWDLO\XND]XMtåHNDåGêG$PSRGiYDO]FHODLQGLYLGXiOQt]QDPHQtRVYêFK
RE\YDWHOtFK-LåVDPRWQiH[LVWHQFHMLåQtþiVWLE\OD]HMP]QDNHPY\ããtVSROHþHQVNp
~URYQGRPXDNRQVWUXNFHMLåQtKRþHODQHSRFK\EQSHGVWDYRYDOD]FHODYGRPRX
YL]LWNXRE\YDWHO7RWpåMHPRåQRtFLRH[LVWXMtFtVHYHUQtþiVWL'RP\VORåHQp]HYãHFK
WtþiVWtPXVHO\L]YQMãNXS$VRELWYêUD]QêPGRMPHPYHVURYQiQtMHQVMHGQRGXFKêPL
VWDYEDPL1HMYWãtSUHVWLåtE\OLQDGiQLRE\YDWHOpGRP$VPRKXWQRXNRQVWUXNFt
DOHLM.QNWHUêP]QLFKE\ODSLSRMHQDRKUDGDSURGRE\WHN
3DWLO\SUDYGSRGREQMLURGLQiPVYê]QDþQêPSRVWDYHQtPQHåDE\SHGVWDYRYDO\
VKURPDåRYDFtGRP\MDNE\O\S$YRGQLQWHUSUHWRYiQ\(Soudský 1966: 59).
6.9.3. Kulturní tradice neolitického domu
%\ODQVNpGRP\NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXGRNOiGDMtQNROLNDVHWOHWRXQHSHUXãHQRX
WUDGLFLDUFKLWHNWXU\NWHUiVHFRGRNRQVWUXNþQtFKSULQFLS$Y]iVDGQHPQLOD7DWR
SURVWRURYiLJHQHWLFNiMHGQRWDMHSLSLVRYiQDXVWiOHQpYêPQLQIRUPDFtMHå
GRSURYi]HODMLQDNGRORåLWHOQRXYêPQX]ERåtStäuble 1994: 221). Konstrukci domu
O]HYWRPWRV\VWpPXNXOWXUQtFKKRGQRWSRYDåRYDW]DDUWHIDNWNWHUêSRGOpKiPQRKHP
PpQVW\OLVWLFNêP]PQiPQHåWHEDNHUDPLND-HYWRPWRVP\VOXVURYQDWHOQêV
NDPHQQêPLQiVWURMLSHVWRåHMHMLFKIRUPiOQtNRQ]HUYDWLVPXVPO]HMPUR]GtOQp
StþLQ\=DWtPFRXQiVWURM$SHYDåRYDODLQGLYLGXDOLWDYêUREFHDXåLYDWHOHE\O\VWDYE\
EXGRYiQ\DSRXåtYiQ\YåG\FHORXVNXSLQRXOLGtDWXGtåY\MDGRYDO\JHQHUDOL]RYDQp
VSROHþHQVNpDNXOWXUQtVRXYLVORVWL
$QLSRVWXSQp]XåRYiQtVHYHUQtþiVWLGRPXQHYHGOREKHPYêYRMHOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\N
QMDNp]iVDGQt]PQYS$GRU\VXGRP$1HMVWDUãtREGREtMHãWFKDUDNWHUL]RYDOVWDUãt
W\SVHåOiEN\VSRQNXGQHVWDQGDUGL]RYDQRXNRQVWUXNFt7DVHEKHPGRE\]SHYQLOD
QDWROLNåHåOiEN\SURERþQtSDåHQtQHE\O\MLåQXWQpO]HSHGSRNOiGDWLSU$EåQp
]GRNRQDORYiQtWHVDVNêFKGHWDLO$YHYD]ENURYX.RQVWUXNFHVHWDNpNURPWRKR
XVWiOLODFRåVHSURMHYLORSRPUQMHGQRGXFKêPDQHStOLãSURPQOLYêPXVSRiGiQtP
NRQVWUXNþQtFKWURMLF7HQGHQFHNH]XåRYiQtVWDYE\ODWHQWQREVDåHQiYQHROLWLFNpP
GRPXRGMHKRSRþiWNXVHYãDNSURVDGLODDåQDVNORQNXPODGRQHROLWLFNpKRYêYRMH=Gi
VHåHWHSUYHWHKG\VHYHVYWUHJLRQDOL]RYDQpY\StFKDQpNHUDPLN\NWHUiSRGOpKDOD
VLOQpPXS$VREHQt]REODVWLOHQJ\HOVNpNXOWXU\VYpE\WQRVWNXOWXUQtWUDGLFHSURMHYLOD
YêUD]QMLYQHPRYLWêFKVWDYEiFKQHåYPRYLWêFKSHGPWHFKGHQQtSRWHE\'$P
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX]DFKRYiYDOVYRMLNXOWXUQtWUDGLFLSHGHYãtPY
150
NRQVWUXNþQtPSULQFLSXMHKRLQGLYLGXDOLWDY\VWXSRYDOD]HMPYtFHYHVW\OLVWLFNêFK
GHWDLOHFKMHåMVRXDUFKHRORJLFN\K$HSRVWHKQXWHOQp
151
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Motto: "Living in the twentienth century, we can hardly imagine what Europe looked
like round 5500 BC." (Modderman 1988: 79)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Sídelní areál kultury s lineární keramikou
7.0. Úvod
3RMHPVtGOLãWYDUFKHRORJLL
9þiVWLVRXþDVQpVStãHWHRUHWLFNpOLWHUDWXU\MHNODVLFNêDUFKHRORJLFNêSRMHPVtGOLãW
SRWODþHQDQDKUD]RYiQMLQêPLREHFQMãtPLWHUPtQ\$UJXPHQWXMHVHDNWXiOQtP
SRKOHGHPQDSUDYNpRVtGOHQtMDNRFHOHNNG\QHO]HYNUDMLQY\PH]LWSHVQKUDQLFH
RVLGORYDQpQHERMLQDNY\XåtYDQpSORFK\2SHUXMHVHVSRMP\MDNRNRPSRQHQWDNWHUi
R]QDþXMHV\QFKURQQtQiOH]\YHY\PH]HQpREODVWL(Kuna 1994: 21), nebo areál, který
Y\PH]XMHVStãHIXQNþQtMHGQRWN\YWHUpQX(Neustupný 1986, 1998b: 9HYWãLQ
StSDG$NG\E\OXUþLWêSURVWRUY\XåtYiQYtFHNUiWNU$]QêP~þHO$PY\åDGXMH
WDNRYiWRWHUPLQRORJLHDOHVSRSHGEåQRXDQDOê]X3URWRVHþDVWMLVLWXDFHRSLVXMH
QHXWUiOQtPSRMPHPSRO\NXOWXUQtORNDOLWDQHERQMDNêPSRGREQêPVStãHYãHREHFQêP
WHUPtQHPMDNRMHQDOH]LãW'RVXGYåLWêWHUPtQVtGOLãWO]HSURWRFKiSDWYXåãtPVORYD
smyslu jako sídelní areál.
2]QDþHQtVtGOLãWREVDKXMHVDPRSUYHNLQWHUSUHWDFHDE\ORRGSRþiWNXVYpKR
SRXåtYiQtMLVWêPDQDFKURQLVPHP=REHFQQtPSRMPXYHVQLFHQHERRVDGDPO
Y]QLNQRXWWHUPtQNWHUêE\E\OStKRGQMãtSURQH]QiPRXVLWXDFLYSUDYNX9HVQLFH
MDNML]QiPH]HVWHGRYNXPiMLåVY$MSHYQêREVDKDWRQHMHQKLVWRULFN\GRORåHQRX
organizaci, ale i archeologicky zachytitelné charakteristiky, které ji odlišují od jiných
VtGHOQtFKMHGQRWHNQDStNODGGYRUFHKUDGLãWQHERSR]GMLPVWDKUDGX7HUPtQ
QHROLWLFNpVtGOLãW]D]QDPHQiYDOQDSRþiWNXYODVWQ]FHODQH]QiPpVNXWHþQRVWLVQDG
MHQPtVWRNGHVHQDFKi]HO\]ORPN\QHROLWLFNpNHUDPLN\7HSUYHRGWLFiWêFKOHWE\OR
]HMPMãtMDNp]DKORXEHQpREMHNW\MHPRåQRQDWFKWRVtGOLãWtFKRGNUêW
6QDU$VWDMtFtPLVNXWHþQRVWPLVHSRVWXSHPþDVXPQLOREVDKSRMPXQHROLWLFNpVtGOLãW
DPQRåLO\VHWDNpGHWDLO\RMHKRYQLWQtVWUXNWXH.WRPXSLVSO\]HMPpQDSORãQp
RGNU\Y\XQiVLMLQGHY(YURSRGSDGHViWêFKDãHGHViWêFKOHW2EVDKSRMPXVtGOLãW
VHPQtQHSR]RURYDQVSROXVH]PQDPLDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULH=DWtPFRNXOWXUQ
KLVWRULFNpSRMHWtVRXVWHRYDORSR]RUQRVWQDYQLWQtFKURQRORJLLVtGOLã"IXQNFLRQiOQtD
SURFHVXiOQtSRMHWtVHRGUD]LORYSRGUREQMãtPVWXGLXYQLWQtVWUXNWXU\VtGOLã"DMHMLFK
vzájemných souvislostí v mikroregionech. To byl trend výzkumu v sedmdesátých a
osmdesátých letech jak u nás, tak i v sousedních zemích. Byly definovány sídelní a
MLQpDUHiO\DVOHGRYiQ\LQWUDUHJLRQiOQtY]WDK\PH]LVtGOLãWL6RXþDVQêSRVXQGR
NRJQLWLYQSURFHVXiOQtKRSRMHWtVHGRVXGYH]NRXPiQtQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"StOLã
QHSURMHYLO-HGQRWOLYiSRMHWtVHGQHVSHNUêYDMtDVStãHVHGRSOXMtSLSUDNWLFNêFK
SUREOpPHFKDQDOê]\VtGHOQtFKVRXERU$QDUR]GtORGWHRUHWLFNpOLWHUDWXU\NGHMVRX
U$]QpWHRULHRGGORYiQ\DNODGHQ\SURWLVRE
152
1HROLWLFNiVtGOLãWDDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULH
.XOWXUQKLVWRULFNiWHRULHVHPXVHODY\URYQiYDWSHYiåQD]HMPpQDYSRþiWFtFK
VWXGLDVERGRYRXLQIRUPDFt2EY\NOHL]RORYDQpQiOH]\MHGQRWOLYêFKDUWHIDNW$E\O\
EUiQ\MDNRGRNODGRVtGOHQtGDQpNXOWXU\YGDQpPPtVWDMHKREOtåHQHXUþHQpPRNROt
&tOHPE\ODW\SRORJLFNiFKURQRORJLHNWHUi]SRþiWNXQHSHNUDþRYDODNDWHJRULLNXOWXU\
YQHROLWXQDStNODGNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtY\StFKDQRXStSDGQPDORYDQRXNHUDPLNRX
Pokud následovala interpretace, byla spíše spekulativní a všeobecná, postavená
MDNRE\VDPRVWDWQQDGHPSLULFNêPLIDNW\
)XQNFLRQDOLVWLFNiWHRULHSLQHVOD]iMHPRDQDOê]XXYQLWVtGOLãW2GWXGSRFKi]HOPM
LSRåDGDYHNYê]NXPXFHOpKRDUHiOXNWHUêVHYãDNEU]\XNi]DOMDNRQHUHiOQêDWR
QHMHQ]SUDNWLFNpKRKOHGLVND$QLWHRUHWLFN\QHE\ORPRåQRSHGHPVWDQRYLWKUDQLFH
VtGOLãWQHERMHKRþiVWt6tGHOQtDUHiO\E\O\GHILQRYiQ\MLåYHOPL]iK\Taylor 1948,
viz: Trigger 1992: XQiVE\OWHQWRSRMHPY\XåLWSLSHGEåQpDQDOê]HYHONêFK
VtGOLã"%\ODQ\3DYO$LNG\åE\OSRMPHQRYiQYþHVNpDUFKHRORJLFNpWHRULLDå
SR]GML(Neustupný 1986, 1994, 1998a3ORãQpRGNU\Y\XPRåQLO\SUDFRYDWVYWãtPL
VRXERU\SRNUêYDMtFtPLXUþLWp~]HPQtFHON\2GGOHQpVRXþiVWLY\PH]HQpKR~]HPtV
SR]$VWDWN\DUFKLWHNWXU\E\O\LQWHUSUHWRYiQ\MDNRGRNODGU$]QêFKþLQQRVWtSUDYNpKR
VSROHþHQVWYt2EMHYLODVHWDNpSUREOHPDWLNDVtGOLãWQtKRRGSDGXSchiffer 1987, Vencl
1995]DVDKXMtFtGRYêNODGXXVSRiGiQtQiOH]$YDUFKHRORJL]RYDQpNXOWXH
'DOãtUR]YRMWHRULHVtGOLã"SLQHVODSURFHVXiOQtDUFKHRORJLHNWHUiVHVRXVWHGLODMLåQD
YWãtSLUR]HQpNUDMLQQpFHON\PLNURUHJLRQ\$QDOê]DSRVWRXSLODNHY]WDK$PPH]L
VtGOLãWLDYê]NXPVHYQRYDOY]RUN$PNWHUpPRKRXQDKUDGLWSR]QiQtFHONX6QDKRX
E\ORKOHGiQtREHFQêFK]iNRQLWRVWtNWHUpE\YHGO\NRYHQtXQLYHU]iOQtKRFKRYiQt
NXOWXU\DMHMtVFKRSQRVWLSL]S$VRELWVHYQMãtPSRGPtQNiPBinford 1972). Pro
QHROLWLFNiVtGOLãWE\OKOHGiQMHGQRWQêPRGHOMHMLFKYêYRMHRGSRYtGDMtFtPHFKDQLVPX
SUYRWQtKR]HPGOVWYtMDNRSULQFLSXQHROLWLFNpREåLY\5HJLRQ\SLUR]HQ
Y\PH]LWHOQpþiVWLNUDMLQ\MVRXSRMtPiQ\MDNRSURVWRUY\XåtYDQêMHGQRWOLYêPL
skupinami obyvatel (3DYO$=iSRWRFNi%\ORE\WHEDUR]OLãRYDW]GDVHMHGQi
RMHGQXVNXSLQXQDYtFHPtVWHFKQHERYtFHVNXSLQQDYtFHPtVWHFKFRåP$åHYêNODG
archeologické situace komplikovat.
9VRXþDVQRVWLSRNURþLODDUFKHRORJLFNiWHRULHGRVWDGLDNRJQLWLYQ
(post)procesuálního pojetí (Renfrew 1995)3URVWRUQiOH]$MHSRMtPiQYQHMU$]QMãtFK
FHOFtFK]SUDYLGODKLHUDUFKLFN\XVSRiGDQêFK-HLQWHUSUHWRYiQMDNRYGRPXåtYDQêD
SHWYiHQêSURVWRUSURU$]QpSRWHE\QHROLWLFNpVSROHþQRVWLLMHGQRWOLYF$$QDOê]DMH
SURYiGQDQDU$]QêFK~URYQtFKDLQWHUSUHWDFH]MLãWQêFKXVSRiGiQtU$]QêFKIDNW$L
dat vede k polysubjektivnímu výkladu (Gardin 1996) a k pochopení v nejširším slova
VP\VOXV\PEROLFNpKRYê]QDPXHPSLULFNêFKVNXWHþQRVWt(Whitley 1993). Neolitická
VtGOLãWMVRXYQtPiQDSRGGRMPHPWpWRWHRULHMDNRYGRPpY\XåtYiQtNUDMLQ\SUR
SRWHE\E\GOHQtLGDOãtVSROHþHQVNpDLQGLYLGXiOQtDNWLYLW\(Kuna 1998: 106). Touto
OLGVNRXþLQQRVWtE\ORNDåGp~]HPt]DVDåHQRVRXYLVOHDYGORXKêFKþDVRYêFK~VHFtFK
0RYLWpLQHPRYLWpDUWHIDNW\MVRXYQPUR]ORåHQ\QHSUDYLGHOQDYãDNQLNROLY
QiKRGQ
6RXþDVQpSRMHWtDVLWXDþQtDQDOê]D
6RXþDVQpSRMHWtQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"MHYêVOHGNHPQDãtVFKRSQRVWLRGSRYtGDWQDFHORX
VRXVWDYXRWi]HNNWHURXO]H]DKUQRXWGRSURMHNWXVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\Popper 1993: 184,
Whitley 1993: QHROLWLFNpKRVtGOLãW7HQWRSRMHP]DKUQXMHDGXRWi]HNNWHUpVH
Y]WDKXMtNU$]QêPUR]PU$PVYWDYQHROLWXLVYWDVRXGREpDUFKHRORJLH$UWHIDNWHP
153
nejsou pouze movité památky jako nástroje nebo jiné výrobky, ale i všechny nemovité
GRNODG\SUiFHOLGt6tGOLãWVHVWiYDMtDUWHIDNWHPVWHMQMDNRNXOWXUQtNUDMLQDDPRKRX
EêWVKRGQDQDO\]RYiQDSRGOHKOHGLVHNVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\-HVWOLåHVHGRVDYDGQtWHRULH
VRXVWHRYDO\YåG\MHQQDMHGQXVWUiQNXHPSLULFNpVNXWHþQRVWLGRYROXMHPHWRGD
VLWXDþQtDQDOê]\YãHVWUDQQêSRKOHGLOLERYROQRX]PQXPtWHNWRKRWRSRKOHGX
=YQLWQtVWUXNWXU\VtGOLã"DMHMLFKSRVWDYHQtYNUDMLQO]HXVX]RYDWQDMHMLFKS$YRGQt
NXOWXUQtNRQWH[W9RNUXKXI\]LFNêFKVNXWHþQRVWtVHMHGQiSHGHYãtPRYHOLNRVWVtGHO
WMSRþHWDUR]PU\V\QFKURQQtFKVWDYHE7YDUVtGOLãWXGiYiSLUR]HQpY\PH]HQt
RE\WQêFKKRVSRGiVNêFKSRSMLQêFKDUHiO$QHERXPOpY\PH]RYiQtSURVWRUX
RKUDGRXStNRS\DSRG5R]ORåHQtVtGHOQtKRRGSDGXXYQLWLYRNROtVtGOLãWPiVYRMH
G$VOHGN\LSURMHGQRWOLYpDQDOê]\D]iNODGQtFKURQRORJLL2GSDGMHY]iVDGUR]ORåHQ
QDVtGOLãWLQHSUDYLGHOQDGRVWiYiVHGRREMHNW$SURFHVHPNWHUêMH]KOHGLVNDMHKR
PHFKDQLVPXLþDVRYpKRY\PH]HQtNRPSOLNRYDQêDSHGHPQH]QiPê3LWRPMHYãDN
PRåQRVOHGRYDWMDNRXVL]E\WNRYRXLQIRUPDFLRS$YRGQtVWUXNWXH=PDWHULiOQtFK
NRUHOiW$O]HQDStNODGXUþLWêPLSRVWXS\SRVWLKQRXWWDNpLQGLYLGXiOQt]UXþQRVWSL
VWDYEGRP$DYêUREDUWHIDNW$
2NUXKVXEMHNWLYQtFK]NXãHQRVWtMHQDQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLãWtFKGRNXPHQWRYiQþOHQQtP
SURVWRUXXYQLWDYQVWDYHEDMHMLFKIXQNþQtPLUR]GtO\)UHNYHQFHDUR]PtVWQt
MHGQRWOLYêFKGUXK$]DKORXEHQêFKREMHNW$VWHMQMDNRMHMLFKSUYRWQtXUþHQtMVRXGDOãtP
G$OHåLWêPSR]QDWNHP]QHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"5R]ORåHQtVtGHOQtKRRGSDGXVHOLãtSRGOH
GUXK$DUWHIDNW$DMHMLFKåLYRWQRVWL3RþW\RE\YDWHOYGRPHFKDQDVtGOLãWtFK]NRXPi
SUDYNiGHPRJUDILH,QWHUSUHWDþQt]iMHPVHVRXVWHXMHQDMHGQRWOLYFHDVSHFLILFNp
VNXSLQ\SRGOHYNXDURGX6FKRSQRVWRE\YDWHOVtGOLãWSL]S$VRELWVHORNiOQtP
StURGQtPSRGPtQNiPDMHMLFK]PQiPVHSURMHYXMHYHYDULDELOLWDUWHIDNW$XYQLW
VtGOLãW=NRPSOH[QtFKGDWY\VWXSXMHFHONRYiVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNiG\QDPLND
MHGQRWOLYêFKVtGOLã"DMHMLFKVHVNXSHQtYUHJLRQHFK
8YGRPOpSURMHY\NXOWXU\MDNRVSROHþQSLMDWpKR]S$VREXRUJDQL]DFHI\]LFNpKR
VYWDYHYGRPtOLGtVHSURMHYXMtQDStNODGSUDYLGHOQRVWtYHYQLWQtPLYQMãtP
XVSRiGiQtVtGOLã"QHERWDNpQDStNODGVKRGQRXRULHQWDFtGRP$'DOãtPYêUD]HP
neolitické kultury jsou stylistické prvky neolitické architektury nebo symbolické
SUYN\YVtGHOQtPRGSDGX-HPRåQRVOHGRYDWKLHUDUFKLLPH]LVWDYEDPLDVtGOLãWLNWHUi
RGSRYtGiVWUDWLILNDFLRE\YDWHOSRGOHVSROHþHQVNpKRGQRVWLDSUHVWLåH9êPQD
LQIRUPDFtXYQLWLPH]LVtGOLãWLMHYêUD]HPHYROXFHNXOWXUQtWUDGLFH3URQDãL
VRXþDVQRVW]$VWiYDMtQHROLWLFNiVtGOLãWG$OHåLWRXVRXþiVWtSHWYiHQtNUDMLQ\YSU$EKX
þDVX6RXþDVQiNXOWXUQtNUDMLQDMHSRWRPYQtPiQDMDNRDUWHIDNWVYpKRGUXKX
Y\]QDþXMtFtVHKLVWRULFNRXVXPDUL]DFtDQWURSRJHQQtFK]PQ
=iNODGQtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFHRE\WQpVWDYE\DMHMLFKRNROt
9HOLNRVWDWYDUVtGOLãWSRGOHY]GiOHQRVWLQHMEOLåãtKRVRXVHGQtKRGRPX
$UFKHRORJLFN\VOHGRYDWHOQRXMHGQRWNRXQHROLWLFNpKRRVtGOHQtMHQHSRFK\EQMHGHQ
G$PVHVYêPSLOHKOêPRNROtPWYRtFtKRVSRGiVNêFHOHNVURY7ULQJKDP.UVWLþ
1990: 'RVDYDGQtYê]NXP\QHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"DMHMLFKYêVOHGN\XND]XMtåHWDWR
GRPiFtKRVSRGiVWYtVHYU$]QpPtHVHVNXSXMtDWRMDN]KOHGLVNDþDVXWDNLSURVWRUX
9êVOHGNHPMVRXSRWRPRE\WQpDUHiO\U$]QpYHOLNRVWLDKXVWRW\]iVWDYE\NWHUpYãDN
SHGVWDYXMtQDKURPDGQtQHVRXþDVQêFKVWDYHE3DYO$11). Jejich srovnávání
QHQtPRåQpEH]]iNODGQtDQDOê]\GDWNWHUiXUþtþDVRYpSRVWDYHQtVWDYHESRStSDG
GDOãtFKIXQNþQtFKSUYN$DYHOLNRVW]iVWDYE\YHVURYQDWHOQêFKREGREtFK6DPRWQi
154
VWDYEDMHMiGUHPURGLQQpKRWHULWRULDþDVRYY\PH]LWHOQiMHGQRXJHQHUDFtGRVSOêFK
MHGLQF$2VWDWQtVRXþiVWLKRVSRGiVNpKR]i]HPtGRPXPRKRXSHWUYDWGpOH. Rodinná
WUDGLFHMHSRWRPYi]iQDVStãHNY\PH]HQpPX~]HPtQHåNMHGQRWOLYpVWDYE
9ê]NXPE\ODQVNpKRDUHiOX%<MHYWRPWRVPUXWRUVRYLWêQHER"]QKRE\OD
SORãQêPRGNU\YHPSUR]NRXPiQDDVLMHGQDWHWLQD9HOLNRVWWRKRWRDUHiOXMHFD
2
2
2
m , z toho sekcí A - D 14 200 m a sekcí E - H 9 280 m . Hustota zástavby je podle
SRYUFKRYêFKVEU$]KUXEDURYQRPUQiP$åHSRQNXGNOHVDWYRNUDMRYêFKþiVWHFK
]HMPpQDQDVHNFL'2MHGLQOHSDWtQNWHUpREMHNW\NXOWXHQiOHYNRYLWêFKSRKiU$
(Zápotocký 1998).URPWRKRVH]GHQDFKi]HMtQHMPpQWLVHVNXSHQtUDQ
VWHGRYNêFKQiOH]$=iVWDYEDE\ODQHMKXVWãtYVHYHUQtþiVWLVHNFH$SRPUQKXVWiL
QDVHNFL)SHVWRåHSRYUFKRYêPLVEU\]GHE\ORSHGRGNU\YHP]DFK\FHQRMHQPHQãt
PQRåVWYtREMHNW$%\O\UHJLVWURYiQ\YQNROLNDOHWHFKSRVRESRKOXERNpRUENWHUi
E\ODPtVW\]QDþQQHURYQRPUQiDQH]DFK\WLODSURND]DWHOQYãHFKQ\]DKORXEHQp
objekty.
6NXSLQ\GRP$MHMLFKåVRXþDVQRVWMHGiQDNHUDPLFNRXFKURQRORJLtGORXKêFK
VWDYHEQtFKMDPMVRXYUiPFLDUHiOX%<UR]ORåHQ\YHOPLUR]GtOQ6WDQRYLWQMDNêP
MHGQRWQêP]S$VREHPUR]VDKXåtYDQpKRSURVWRUXPLPRYODVWQtS$GRU\V\GRP$E\
E\ORY]KOHGHPNUHODWLYQtKXVWRWQHVRXþDVQêFKREMHNW$]FHODQHSU$ND]Qp9êMLPHþQ
VHWRSRGDLORYStSDGDUHiOX0LVNRYLFH3DYO$EV areálu BY1 však chybí
VSROHKOLYMãt~GDMHSRXåLWHOQpSURKRGQRFHQtYHOLNRVWLDWYDUXVtGOLãWYMHGQRWOLYêFK
Ii]tFKMHKRYêYRMH-HGLQêYURKRGQMãt~GDMNWHUêNYDQWLILNXMHVHVNXSHQtGRP$YH
Ii]LMHY]GiOHQRVWQHMEOLåãtKRVRXVHGQtKRGRPX(Haggett 1966: 231). Statistické
KRGQRFHQtQHQiKRGQRVWLVHVNXSHQtVWDYHEMHYãDNVLOQRYOLYQQRKUDQLFHPL
prozkoumaných ploch.
3URYãHFKQ\GRP\YUiPFLMHGQpIi]HO]HVSRþtWDWSU$PUQRXKRGQRWXWpWR
Y]GiOHQRVWLNWHUi]QDþQNROtVi%\O\PHQ\Y]GiOHQRVWLVWHG$GRP$1HMQLåãt
SU$PUQiKRGQRWDþLQtPYIi]LDQHMYWãtPYQiVOHGXMtFtIi]L9DG
Ii]tVHW\WRKRGQRW\SRK\EXMtRNRORPSRGVWDWQY\ããtMVRXYIi]LPDYH
Ii]LP9]GiOHQRVWQHMEOLåãtKRVRXVHGDE\PRKODEêWSRXåLWDSURKRGQRFHQt
QiKRGQRVWLUR]PtVWQtGRP$YDUHiOXFRåYãDNSLQH]QDORVWLVNXWHþQ]DVWDYQp
SORFK\DUHiOXQHQtPRåQp3RNXGE\E\ODY]WDåHQDNFHONRYpKUDQLFL%<SRStSDG
MHKRþiVWt$'(+XND]XMHLMLQDNSDWUQRXQHQiKRGQRVWVHVNXSRYiQtGRP$
1HO]HYãDNNYDQWLWDWLYQKRGQRWLWVWXSHY\WYiHQtXUþLWêFKMDGHURVtGOHQtHaggett
1966: 89) (tab. 7.1.1.A.).
ýDVRYiG\QDPLNDVHVNXSHQtQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$
-HWHEDUR]OLãRYDWKRUL]RQWiOQtVHVNXSHQtV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$YUiPFLDUHiOXD
YHUWLNiOQtVHVNXSHQtDV\QFKURQQtFKGRP$QDMHGQRPPtVW3UYQtSHGVWDYXMHMHGQX
Ii]LRVtGOHQtGUXKpE\ORLQWHUSUHWRYiQRQD]iNODGYê]NXP$Y0HU]EDFKWDOX(Lüning
1991: 70, 1997: 38) MDNRYêVOHGHNSRVWXSQêFKSHVWDYHEMHGQRKRGRPXYUHODWLYQ
malém prostoru. V areálu LW8 (kód pro jednu z lokalit na katastru obce Langweiler v
GROQtP3RUêQt]DSRPUQGORXKRXGREXQHSHWUåLWêFKSHVWDYHEDåGYDQiFWL
JHQHUDFtGRP$VHY\WYRLO\QHSUDYLGHOQpRE\WQpSURVWRU\RYHOLNRVWLFD[P
3RGOHSRþWXWFKWRSHVWDYHEY]QLNDMtNRQFHQWUDFHVWDYHEYU$]QYHONêFKDUHiOHFK
(Milisauskas 1978: 98), které lze podle zatím známé situace v Porýní klasifikovat jako
DRGGOHQpGYRUFH/:EPDOiVtGHOQtMiGUD2OV]DQLFDDFYHONiVtGHOQtMiGUD
/:7DWRNODVLILNDFHY\FKi]t]H]iNODGQtGHILQLFHGYRUFHNWHUêMHWYRHQGRPHPD
155
VRXþDVQêPLREMHNW\YMHKREOt]NpPFDPRNROtLüning 1991: 69, 1997: 37)
DE\ODSHMDWDLSURMLQi~]HPtBogucki 1988: 63).
6LWXDFHYQNWHUêFKREODVWHFKYãDNXND]XMHåHVHQHPXVtMHGQDWRXQLYHU]iOQtPRGHO
QHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"9REODVWLKRODQGVNpKR/LPEXUVNDGRFKi]HORSDWUQNSRVWXSQêP
SHVWDYEiPGRP$YMHGQRPVPUXWDNåHY]QLNiYêVOHGQêREUD]SRVXQ$FHOpKR
VtGOLãW1DYHONêFKVtGOLãWtFKPRKOEêWFHONRYêREUD]NRPSOLNRYiQH[LVWHQFtQNROLND
center (Modderman 1988: 3RVXQMHGQRWOLYêFKVWDYHEYMHGQpOLQLLMHGREH
patrný na sídlišti v Cuiry - les - Chaudardes (Ilett – Constantin – Coudart - Demoule
1982DOHWDNpYH6WUDFKyZ(Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa 1993: 66), kde je situace
vymezena tvarem osídlené polohy (Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa 1989: 328). Podobný
]S$VRESHVWDYRYiQtMHGQRKRGRPXYDGYHGOHVHEHO]HGRORåLWWDNpY0LVNRYLFtFK
(3DYO$ELNG\å]GHGRP\QHVOHGRYDO\SUDYLGHOQpSRDGt9êUD]QpDV\QFKURQQt
VHVNXSRYiQtGRP$VSHNUêYiQtPS$GRU\V$MHSDWUQpQHMOpSHYHâW~URYXPavúk 1994:
-HGQRWOLYpREêYDQpSURVWRU\]GH]$VWiYDMtMDNRE\QDPtVWNWHUpRENORSXMH
YROQêSURVWRUXSURVWHG.RQWLQXLWDPtVWDMHSRYDåRYiQD]D]iNODGQtLGHXQHROLWLFNêFK
VtGOLã"QD%DONiQ6WHYDQRYLþ388).
'\QDPLNDYêYRMHVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX%<UR]GOXMHSRVORXSQRVWIi]tQD~VHN$
(3DYO$NWHUpE\O\RGGOHQ\YêUD]QMãtPL]PQDPLYUR]PtVWQtGRP$
7\WR]PQ\E\O\LQWHUSUHWRYiQ\MDNRSRVXQStSDGQREQRYDVtGOHQtVXUþLWêP
SHGFKi]HMtFtPSHUXãHQtP9êãHE\ORXNi]iQRMDNMHGQRWOLYpGUXK\DUWHIDNW$VWRXWR
hypotézou korespondují. Úseky dovolují lépe pozorovat seskupení asynchronních
GRP$9SUYQtFKWHFKIi]HIi]HIi]HE\E\ORPRåQRVMLVWRX
QDGVi]NRXXYDåRYDWRVHVNXSRYiQtQiVOHGQêFKGRP$QDXUþLWêFKY\PH]HQêFK
PtVWHFK.RQWLQXLWDVtGOHQtMHYi]iQDSURWRVStãHQDXUþLWpPtVWRQHåQDMHGHQG$P
9GRPtJHQHWLFNpStVOXãQRVWLNWRPXWRPtVWXPRKORSHWUYDWLGREXNG\QDQP
QHVWiOQHERQHE\OREêYiQåiGQêG$P2SXãWQêG$PQHERMHKRUXLQDPRKO\EêWVWiOH
SRYDåRYiQ\]DRE\GOtSHGN$
3RMHWtKRVSRGiVWYthouseholdSHGNOiGDQp]GHMDNRNRQWLQXLWDPtVWDVHSRQNXG
liší od pojetí dvorce (yard, Hof) na dolnoporýnských neolitických sídlištích. Jedno
KRVSRGiVWYtP$åH]DKUQRXWYtFHDV\QFKURQQtFKNRPSRQHQWMDNRWRPXE\ORQDStNODG
v areálu MI2, kde výrobní okrsek objektu 41 (3DYO$E75) SHWUYDOQHMPpQ
GREXGYRXVWDYHEDE\OQDNRQHF]DSOQQRGSDGHPNWHUêY\WYit]GiQOLY
VDPRVWDWQRXIi]LSRVWDYESRVOHGQtKRGRPX=DWFKWRSHGSRNODG$E\E\ORPRåQR
Y\VYWOLWFHORXDGXMHY$]REODVWLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX3RNXGE\VWDUãtGRP\
]MHGQRKRKRVSRGiVWYtSHGVWDYRYDO\StE\WN\SHGN$PRKOLWLWR]$VWDWSRKEHQLY
QLFKDMHMLFKSR]$VWDWN\þDVHP]DQLNO\VH]QLþHQtPSRYUFKRYpKRKRUL]RQWX1DRSDN
YHYêFKRGQtREODVWL/Q.NGHE\O\þDVWMãtSHVWDYE\QDWpPåHPtVWâW~URYR
0RKHOQLFH]HPHOtPRKOLEêWVHNXQGiUQSRKEtYiQLYQRYêFKGRPHFKMDNMHWR
]QiPR]3HGQtKRYêFKRGXQHERMLPE\OY\KUD]RYiQVDPRVWDWQêSRKHEQtDUHiO7R
E\PRKOREêWLMHGQRX]StþLQY]QLNXRGGOHQêFKSRKHELã"SHGHYãtPYREODVWL
širšího Podunají.
3URREGREt/QNMH]DWtPPiORSUDYGSRGREQpåHYQNWHUpIi]LH[LVWRYDO\QDPtVW
MHGQRKRKRVSRGiVWYtGYDLYtFHV\QFKURQQtGRP\7RE\QHRGSRURYDORSHGVWDYåH
GRFKi]HORNUR]URGXDXVtGOHQtYWYtFtVHURGLQ\QDWpPåHPtVW5R]URGRE\YDWHOE\O
XYiGQMDNRStþLQDRVLGORYiQtQRYêFKDUHiO$(Soudský 1966: 9SUYQtVNXSLQ
Ii]tMHSRVWDYHQtGRPXStOLãEOt]NRGRPX'$PE\POUHSUHVHQWRYDW
RNUXKVWDYHE]DVDKXMtFtQDQHSUR]NRXPDQRXSORFKX69RGWXG9HGUXKpVNXSLQIi]t
MVRXSRþiWHþQtGRP\DSRPUQEOt]NRVHEH1HMOpSHE\WRPXWRPRGHOX
RGSRYtGDODþWYUWiVNXSLQDIi]t3RþHWREêYDQêFKPtVWE\VHYSU$EKXSUYQtFKRVPL
156
Ii]tSRK\ERYDORNRORþW\DåSWLSRNXGVHSRþtWiVHVWHMQRX]iVWDYERXLQD
QHSUR]NRXPDQp]iSDGQtþiVWLVHNFH(
3WREêYDQêFKPtVWO]HNRQVWUXRYDWLYHWHWtVNXSLQIi]tSRSRVXQX]iVWDYE\GR
]iSDGQtþiVWLDUHiOX%<3LWRPþiVWGRP$QXWQRSHGSRNOiGDWQDQHSUR]NRXPDQp
VHNFL&D'VHYHURYêFKRGQStSDGQMLKR]iSDGQRGSUR]NRXPDQpSORFK\
2EQRYHQt]iVWDYE\YHIi]LDYHOPLKXVWpUR]ORåHQtGRP$YHþWYUWpVNXSLQIi]t
QHGRYROXMHNRQVWUXRYDWRGGOHQiVWDYHQLãW9WRPWRREGREtVHRE\WQêDUHiO]GiQOLY
UR]ãLXMHRGMLKRYêFKRGXNVHYHUR]iSDGX9SiWpVNXSLQIi]tMH]iSDGQtþiVWDUHiOX
%<SRNU\WDURYQRPUQMLSHVWDYQêPLGRP\3tSDGQpVHVNXSRYiQtMHSDWUQpMHQQD
VHNFL%NGHMVRXYHGOHVHEHWLQiVOHGQpVWDYE\DStSDGQGYRMLFH
GRP$D3RVOHGQtVNXSLQDIi]tXND]XMHQDYêUD]QNRQFHQWURYDQRX]iVWDYEX
YHVWHGQtþiVWLDUHiOX%<RSWEH]SDWUQpKRVHVNXSRYiQtQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$REU
7.1.2.a.).
5R]ORåHQtE\ODQVNêFKGRP$QHXND]XMHQDQMDNêMHGQR]QDþQêPRGHOVHVNXSRYiQt
QHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$3RWYU]XMHWRUHJLRQiOQtUR]GtO\Modderman 1988: 101), ale
QHY\OXþXMHMLVWRXPRåQRVW]PQYSU$EKXFHOpKRYêYRMHRE\WQpKRDUHiOX9H
VWDUãtFKIi]tFKMHVHVNXSRYiQtQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$QDMHGQRPPtVWSDWUQMãtQHåY
PODGãtFKIi]tFK9HWHWtDSiWpVNXSLQIi]tMHXUþLWpþOHQQt
QiVOHGQêFKGRP$SDWUQpLNG\åVHQHPXVtMHGQDWRYêYRMY\PH]HQêFKKRVSRGiVWYt
(srov. Pavúk 1994: DOHMHQRVWDELOQtVWDYHQLãW(Pavúk 1994: 182). Pokud by se
MHGQDORRSHGHPY\KUD]HQpPtVWRSURVWDYEXDSHVWDYEXGRP$MHGQpURGLQ\
]QDPHQDORE\WRH[LVWHQFLXUþLWpKRYGRPpKRY\PH]RYiQtSURVWRUXSURKRVSRGiVWYt
VSROHþHQVNpMHGQRWN\DMHKRGGLþQRVW
(NRQRPLND]iVWDYE\VtGHOQtKRDUHiOXYHY]WDKXNStURGQtPXSURVWHGt
6HVNXSHQtVRXþDVQêFKGRP$
9WãLQDGRP$NWHUpO]HSRPRFtNHUDPLN\GDWRYDWGRMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tDSHGVWDYXMH
RGNU\WêFKS$GRU\V$VHUR]GOXMHGRVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t6RXþDVQpVWDYE\VH
VHVNXSXMtYNDåGpIi]LGRQHSUDYLGHOQêFKY]RU$7\NROtVDMtRGYROQpKRQHQiKRGQpKR
XVSRiGiQtNVRXVWHGQpPXQDKURPDGQtVWDYHEYMHGQRPMiGUX1NG\VH
SHGSRNOiGiYGRPpUR]PtVWQtVWDYHEQDGDQpPSURVWRUXRNRORYROQpKRSURVWUDQVWYt
(Štúrovo: Pavúk 1994: QHERRNRORStNRSHPY\PH]HQpKRDUHiOX/:Lüning
19919%\ODQHFKMHQQNWHUpIi]HY\ND]XMtMLVWRXSUDYLGHOQRVWYUR]GOHQt
SURVWRUXGRP$
.URPSRþiWHþQtFKIi]tNWHUpMVRXGRORåHQ\PDOêPSRþWHPGRP$MVRXWRSHGHYãtP
DIi]H9RERXIi]tFKMHWDNpQHMYWãtSU$PUQiY]GiOHQRVWPH]LGRP\YL]
YêãH-LåYDIi]LMVRXGRP\UR]PtVWQ\YHYWãtFKY]GiOHQRVWHFKRGVHEH
sMHGQRXStSDGQGYPDGYRMLFHPLGRP$YPHQãtY]GiOHQRVWLRGVHEH9Ii]L
MVRXGRP\YXUþLWpPãDFKRYQLFRYpPXVSRiGiQt3HVWRåHO]HSHGSRNOiGDWQHMPpQ
GDOãtGYDGRP\QDQHSUR]NRXPDQpþiVWLVHNFH'MLKR]iSDGQRGWXGQHPXVHORE\WRWR
VFKpPDEêWQDUXãHQR3RGREQMHWRPXYIi]L7DWRIi]HSHGVWDYXMHREQRYHQp
RVtGOHQtY]iSDGQtþiVWLRE\WQpKRDUHiOX%<
-LQG\MVRXGRP\XVSRiGiQ\VStãHYWVQpPVKOXNXQDSYQHERIi]L9H
Ii]LMVRXGRP\VHVWDYHQ\GRGYRMLWpKRS$ONUXKXRWHYHQpKRQDMLKR]iSDG
SRGREQMDNRYHIi]LNGHMHWHQWRS$ONUXKRWHYHQQDRSDNQDVHYHURYêFKRG2E
157
SRVOHGQXYHGHQpIi]HSHGVWDYXMtREQRYHQRX]iVWDYEXDUHiOX%<)i]HREQRY\
VHY\]QDþXMtYHOPLSUDYLGHOQêPUR]GOHQtPFHOpKR]DVWDYRYDQpKR
DUHiOX9HYWãLQRVWDWQtFKIi]tYãDNSUDYLGHOQpXVSRiGiQtNWHUpE\PRKOREêW
Y\NOiGiQRMDNR]iPUQpUR]PtVWQtVWDYHEQHQtSDWUQp=WRKRO]HXVX]RYDWQD
DEVHQFLWUYDOHMãtY\ããtIRUP\RUJDQL]RYiQtDUHiOX3RGREQêREUD]SRVN\WO\LGYIi]H
VtGOLãWY%H]QX/RXQ3OHLQHURYi±3DYO$) (obr. 7.2.1.a.).
7.2.2. Prostor mimo domy
3UDYLGHOQpUR]ORåHQtGRP$YQNWHUêFKIi]tFKY\WYitGRVWDWHþQêSURVWRULPH]L
MHGQRWOLYêPLVWDYEDPL3RWHQFLiOQtPtVWRNWHUpPRKOREêWSURNDåGêG$PNGLVSR]LFL
O]HPLWNRQVWUXRYiQtP7KLHVVHQRYêFKSRO\JRQ$(Haggett 1966: 247). Jejich hranice
MVRXGiQ\SRORYLþQtY]GiOHQRVWtPH]LNDåGêPGRPHP7DNWRY\PH]HQêSURVWRUþLQt
SURG$PYIi]LNGHMVRXGRP\tGFHUR]PtVWQ\]KUXEDKD9HIi]tFKVH
VRXVWHGQMãt]iVWDYERXP$åHEêWSRO\JRQPQRKHPPHQãt$YãDNSURG$PYH
Ii]LþLQtMHQDVLKD8YHGHQpGOHQtSURVWRUXPH]LGRP\SHVWRåHMHMHQ
KUXEêPSLEOtåHQtPVNXWHþQRVWLXND]XMHåHVRXþDVQpGRP\PRKO\Y\XåtYDWGRVWL
rozdílné plochy ve svém okolí.
$OHVSRQNWHUp]GRP$PXVHO\Y\XåtYDW]i]HPtLPLPR]DVWDYQêDUHiO.G\E\
PO\SOQLW~ORKXUHODWLYQVDPRVWDWQêFKDSOQQH]iYLVOêFKGYRUF$(Lüning 1991: 68),
QHVWDþLORE\NWRPXMHKRQHMEOLåãtRNROt.URPYODVWQt]DVWDYQpSORFK\GRPXD
MHMLFKEH]SURVWHGQtKRRNROtNWHUpE\ORY\XåtYiQRSHGHYãtPEKHPVWDYE\3DYO$
1974: H[LVWRYDODQHSRFK\EQGDOãtSUDFRYQtPtVWD7\WRSUDFRYQtDUHiO\
QHPXVHO\YãDNEêWQXWQYi]iQ\NMHGQRPXGRPX-HMLFKLGHQWLILNDFHMHYUiPFLKXVW
]DVWDYRYDQêFKRE\WQêFKDUHiO$VORåLWi3RNXGO]HQNWHUpL]RORYDQpMiP\GDWRYDWGR
Ii]tQDFKi]HMtVHY]KOHGHPNGRP$PYU$]QêFKSRORKiFK-HQQNG\OHåtYMHGQRP
SRO\JRQXþDVWRMVRXQDRNUDMLRVLGORYDQpKRSURVWRUX
1NG\O]HMHMLFKIXQNFLY]WiKQRXW]HWHOQNMHGQRPXGRPXQDStNODGYIi]LNGH
MVRXVWDYHQLãWYHOPLY]GiOHQi-LQG\YãDNPDMtQDRSDN]HWHOQVSROHþQRXIXQNFLD
SRORKXQDUR]KUDQtQNROLNDSRO\JRQ$1DStNODGKOLQtNYHIi]LQHERPHQãt
KOLQtNYHIi]L6SROHþQRXIXQNFLPODSDWUQLVLODDEYHD
Ii]L1DFKi]HMtVHQDRNUDMLSRO\JRQXXQHMYWãtFKGRP$YNDåGpIi]L0HQãtREMHNW\
WDNpVPHQãtPSRþWHPQiOH]$O]HMHQREWtåQGDWRYDWQD~URYQLIi]tDWDNSLDGLWN
QNWHUpVWDYEVURYPavúk 1994: 251). Soubory odpadu z izolovaných jam se
REY\NOHFKRYDMtSRQNXGMLQDN]KOHGLVNDVWDWLVWLN\YQLFKREVDåHQpKRRGSDGX
3tNODGHPP$åHEêWVHVNXSHQtMDPQDMLKR]iSDGDUHiOX0,NWHUpMHNHUDPLNRX
datováno na konec jeho vývoje 3DYO$E3RGOHNRQILJXUDFHYãDNSHGVWDYXMH
SUDFRYQtDUHiONWHUêPRKOEêWSRXåtYiQGHOãtGREXSDUDOHOQVHVWDYEDPLYWRPWR
areálu (srov. výše kap. 7.1.2.) (tab. 7.2.2.A.).
1D]iNODGRGNU\WêFKGRP$GDWRYDWHOQêFKGRIi]tO]HRGKDGRYDWPLQLPiOQtSRþHW
GRP$YRE\WQpPDUHiOX%<9SUYQtFKWHFK~VHFtFKIi]tO]HQHMSUYHGRSOQLWSRþHW
VWDYHQLã"YHYêFKRGQtþiVWLDUHiOXQDY]iSDGQtþiVWLDUHiOXQD9HþWYUWpP
~VHNXIi]tO]HSLSRþtVWQHMPpQGYDGDOãtGRVXGQHRGNU\WpGRP\YãHVWpP~VHNX
MHGHQWDNRYêG$P9SiWpP~VHNXVHSLGiYDMtVWDYHQLãWQDQHSUR]NRXPDQêFK
SORFKiFKY\MPDIi]H7DMH]DWtPSHGVWDYRYiQDMHGQtPGRPHPSRGREQLYH
Ii]tFKD,]RORYDQêG$PE\PRKOEêWFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêSUR]iYUHþQRXIi]L
WHWtKR~VHNXYêYRMHEKHPH[LVWHQFHDUHiOXQHERSHGMHKRGORXKRGREMãtP
RSXãWQtP.URPWFKWRIi]tVHRGKDGRYDQêSRþHWGRP$SRK\EXMHRGGR9
158
SUYQtFKGYRX~VHFtFKMHWRYSU$PUXGRP$YMHGQpIi]LQDSORãHKD9H
]EêYDMtFtFKIi]tFKGRP$QDSORãHKD
,QIRUPDWLYQtREVDKIXQNþQtFKNDWHJRULtGRP$
-HGQRWOLYpGRP\MHMLFKYêYRMDSHVWDYE\
3HNUêYiQtS$GRU\V$VHY%\ODQHFKY\VN\WQHMHQMHGQRXY]iYUHþQêFKGYRXIi]tFK
V oblasti keramiky s notovou výzdobou je naproti tomu obvyklé (Štúrovo: Pavúk
1994: 242, Mohelnice: Stäuble 19949]iSDGQtFKREODVWHFKQHQtWDNþDVWpLüning
1991: 68), v holandském Limbursku se prakticky nevyskytuje (Modderman 1970:
203, 1988: 9%\ODQHFKO]HSR]RURYDWYFHOpPSU$EKXYêYRMHRVtGOHQtYDUHiOX
%<]FHODYGRPpY\KOHGiYiQtYKRGQpKRGtYMãtPLVWDYEDPLQH]DVDåHQpKR
SURVWRUX3HVWDYEDGRPXYHIi]LMH]FHODRMHGLQOi3LWRPE\O\UHVSHNWRYiQ\
RSWLPiOQtKUDQLFHRE\WQpKRDUHiOXNWHUêQHSHNUDþXMHYWRPWRPtVWYUVWHYQLFLP
QP5XLQ\VWDUãtFKGRP$PXVHO\EêWSDWUQ\GORXKRXGREXSHVDKXMtFtUiPHFMHGQp
NXOWXU\2WRPVYGþtQDStNODGþiVWHþQpXPtVWQtSRKHELãW0,YSURVWRUX
OLQHiUQtKRGRPXQHERVWDYEDSR]GQOHQJ\HOVNpKRGRPXY5R]WRNiFKNWHUiVSOêYiV
osami staršího lineárního domu (Kuna 1991: 31). Kontinuita místa mohla proto
SHViKQRXWþDVRYpKUDQLFHMHGQpNXOWXU\QHERMHGQpVNXWHþQJHQHWLFN\StEX]Qp
VSROHþHQVNpMHGQRWN\
2Wi]NRX]$VWiYiQDNROLNE\OMHãWSRXåLWHOQêVWDYHEQtPDWHULiOSHQiãHQGRQRYp
VWDYE\-HGQiVHSHGHYãtPRQRVQpN$O\NRQVWUXNFHNWHUpY\åDGRYDO\QHMYtFSUiFH9
~YDKXPRKRXSLMtWLQNWHUiVSROHþHQVNiRPH]HQtMDNRMHRSXãWQtGRPXMHKRå
RE\YDWHOpY\PHOLYG$VOHGNXQHPRFLQHERLSLUR]HQpVPUWL7\WRStSDG\E\O\SDWUQ
YêMLPNRXYUiPFLMHGQRKRNRQWLQXiOQtKR~VHNXIi]t0RKO\VStãH]S$VRELWSHVXQ
DUHiOXQHERSHUXãHQtVWDYHEQtþLQQRVWLQD]iYUWFKWRREGREt3LMDWHOQMãtMH
SHGVWDYDåHVWDUãtVWDYE\SHåtYDO\SRXUþLWRXGREXNG\E\O\REêYiQ\MLåQRYp
GRP\=UXLQPRKODEêWþHUSiQDWDNpþiVWSDOLYRYpKRGtYt2MHGLQOpMVRXWDNp
GRNODG\SRåiUXMDNRYStSDGGRPX/]HSRFK\ERYDWRWRPåHE\YUiPFLVtGOLã"
NXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXE\O\GRP\SUDYLGHOQDULWXiOQVSDORYiQ\MDNVHWR
SHGSRNOiGiYNXOWXH9LQþD6WHYDQRYLþ385).
6KOXN\GRP$MHMLFKYêYRMJHQHUDþQtVSRMH
6KOXNRYiQtQHVRXþDVQêFKGRP$D"MLåYUiPFLMHGQRKRVWDYHQLãWQHERMHGQpþiVWL
RE\WQpKRDUHiOXMHYêVOHGNHPSHVWDYE\GRP$YMHMLFKEOt]NRVWL(Modderman 1988:
7RVYGþtRWRPåHVWDYLWHOpQRYpKRGRPXVLE\OLYGRPLJHQHWLFNpVSRMLWRVWLVH
VWDUãtVWDYERXDWRWRYGRPtSHWUYDORQNROLNJHQHUDFtQHMPpQYUiPFLMHGQRKR
YêYRMRYpKRREGREtVtGOLãWQtFKIi]t1HO]HY\ORXþLWDQLGORXKRGREMãtWUDGLFLNWHUi
SHNOHQXODQNROLNIi]tRþHPåE\VYGþLO\RMHGLQOpVWDYE\QDVHNFL)YREGREtD
15. fáze. Obytný areál BY1 lze podle konfigurace terénu a postupného osidlování
GOLWQDYêFKRGQtD]iSDGQtþiVW7\WRþiVWLPDMtFKDUDNWHUVtGHOQtKRJHQRW\SX
5R]GtO\YMHKR]DVWDYQtYMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFKSRWRPRGSRYtGDMtVtGHOQtPIHQRW\S$P
*HQH]HRVtGOHQtMHWDNWRVOHGRYDWHOQiY~URYQLPLNURDUHiO$.RPSRQHQW\SHGVWDYXMt
NRQNUpWQtIRUPXY\XåLWtWRKRWRPLNURDUHiOXYGDQpPRNDPåLNX
159
.ODVLILNDFHIXQNþQtFKDUHiO$YV\VWpPXVtGOHQt]DGDQpKR]S$VREXREåLY\D
GOE\SUiFH
)XQNþQt]QDN\
-HGQRWOLYpIXQNþQRGOLãQpDUHiO\MHPRåQRY%\ODQHFKXUþLWMHQQD~URYQLVHNFt
Yê]NXPX6HNFHMVRXS$YRGQGRKRGRXQDSRþiWNXYê]NXPXSRMPHQRYDQpþiVWL
E\ODQVNpKRNDWDVWUXREY\NOHNRPSOH[\SDUFHONWHUpXVQDGRYDO\RUJDQL]DFLRGNU\Y$
DHYLGHQFLSRYUFKRYêFKVEU$-DNRDUHiO\%<Då%<E\O\SR]GMLSRMPHQRYiQ\
VNXWHþQ]MLãWQp~VHN\WHUpQXSRNU\WpVRXYLVOHDUFKHRORJLFNêPLREMHNW\-HMLFK
þOHQQtQDS$YRGQtPLNURDUHiO\DIXQNþQRGGOHQpNRPSRQHQW\QHQtPRåQRVWDQRYLW
EH]SRGUREQMãtDQDOê]\QiOH]$.SR]QiQtIXQNFHDUHiO$QHERMHMLFKVRXþiVWt
SLVStYDMtSHGHYãtPU$]QpGUXK\REMHNW$NWHUpFKDUDNWHUL]XMtRE\WQp]SUDFRYDWHOVNp
KRVSRGiVNp]iVREQtDMLQpNRPSRQHQW\
=GHSHGNOiGDQpYêVOHGN\DQDOê]\DUHiOX%<]DKUQXMtMHKRþOHQQtQDGYDUR]GtOQp
RE\WQpPLNURDUHiO\3UYQtWYRtMHKRYêFKRGQtþiVW%<]KUXEDVHNFH(+VH
VtGHOQtPLNRPSRQHQWDPL/QNDSDWUQNRPSRQHQWRX6W.3DYO$=iSRWRFNi
Soudský 1987: 'UXKêMHWYRHQ]iSDGQtþiVWtDUHiOX%<]KUXEDVHNFH$'V
VtGHOQtPLNRPSRQHQWDPL/Q.QHMPpQVtGHOQtPLNRPSRQHQWDPL6W..URP
WRKRMH]GHMHãWKRVSRGiVNiNRPSRQHQWD3/+]DKUQXMtFtQNROLNYHONêFKKOLQtN$D
SDOLViGRYRXRKUDGXYMLKR]iSDGQtþiVWLVHNFH%3DYO$=iSRWRFNi6RXGVNê
obr.10).
=GRVXG]QiPêFKQiOH]$E\O\VRXKUQQY\KRGQRFHQ\QiOH]\]DUHiOX%<QD
NWHUpPO]H]DWtPUR]OLãLWQHMPpQGYDRE\WQpPLNURDUHiO\DMHGHQKRVSRGiVNR
NXOWRYQtPLNURDUHiO)XQNþQtNRPSRQHQW\QHE\O\YWFKWRPtVWHFKMHãWYGHWDLOX
UR]GOHQ\-LVWpMVRXMHQRE\WQp/Q.KRVSRGiVNp/Q.D6WND
KRVSRGiVNRNXOWRYQt6W. URQGHO3DYO$5XOI=iSRWRFNi). Dosavadní
SR]QDWN\SRWYU]XMtWUYiQtMHGQRKRRE\WQpKRPLNURDUHiOXYMLKRYêFKRGQtþiVWL%<MHQ
YSU$EKXVWDUãtKR~VHNXVWHGQtKRVWXSQ]QKRåE\O\YSURVWRUXSR]GMãtKRURQGHOX
RGNU\W\]E\WN\GYRXVWDYHEYê]NXP'DOãtQHMPpQWLVWDYE\VKRGQ
GDWRYDQpE\O\RGNU\W\Y]iSDGQtPREORXNXYQMãtKRYHONpKRStNRSXYê]NXP
9ãHFKQ\VWDYE\GRNOiGDMtåHVHMHGQiRNRPSRQHQW\]REGREtSHFKRGXRG
QHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQGRSRþiWN$VWHGQtKRVWXSQ/Q.
Analogicky lze rozlišit obytný mikroareál LnK MI2 se 3 komponentami,
KRVSRGiVNêPLNURDUHiO/Q.0,VMHGQRXNRPSRQHQWRX3DYO$EDSRKHEQt
PLNURDUHiO6W.0,URYQåVMHGQRXNRPSRQHQWRXZápotocká 1998a). S vývojem
GRPXYPLNURDUHiOX0,MVRXUiPFRYVRXþDVQpNRPSRQHQW\YMLKRYêFKRGQtþiVWL
areálu BY4. Ostatní mladší zahloubené objekty LnK (Zápotocká 1995YWRPWRPtVW
PDMtVStãH]iVREQtQHERKRVSRGiVNêFKDUDNWHURulf 19953URWRMHXYDåRYiQRR
IXQNþQRGOLãQpPPLNURDUHiOXYWpWRþiVWLVHNFH%<(Rulf - Zápotocká 1995: 86).
2GGOHQêRE\WQêPLNURDUHiOVHQDFKi]tYVHYHUQtþiVWLVHNFH6NGHE\O\RGNU\W\
Yê]NXPSR]$VWDWN\QHMPpQþW\VWDYHE]SRPUQKXVWp]iVWDYE\'RNOiGDMt
QNROLNNRPSRQHQW]SRQNXGPODGãtKRREGREtYêYRMH/QNQHåYRE\WQpP
PLNURDUHiOXYMLKRYêFKRGQtþiVWLVHNFH%<
7\WRSR]QDWN\MVRX]KOHGLVNDLQWHUSUHWDFHDUHiOX%<G$OHåLWpYHGYRXVPUHFK
DOHVSRSURþiVWDUHiOX%<QHO]HRGYR]RYDW]HVEU\]MLã"RYDQpKXVWRW\REMHNW$
VWHMQRXKXVWRWX]iVWDYE\MDNRYDUHiOX%<SRGOHSHGEåQêFKSR]QDWN$E\QD
%<PRKOEêWXPtVWQUR]ViKOHMãtKRVSRGiVNêPLNURDUHiOþDVRYVRXEåQêV
QNWHUêPLVtGHOQtPLNRPSRQHQWDPLYDUHiOX%<2GGOHQpPHQãtKRVSRGiVNp
160
mikroareály k jednotlivým sídelním komponentám na BY1 lze zatím sledovat jen
RPH]HQSRGOHUR]ORåHQt]iVREQtFKMDPDYHONêFKKOLQtN$NWHUpMVRXOpSHGDWRYDWHOQp
QD~URYQLIi]t2VWDWQtREMHNW\QDStNODG~]NpåOiEN\]GHE\O\VLFHUR]OLãHQ\
(Zápotocká 1989b: MHMLFKGDWRYiQtYãDNSHVDKXMHUiPHFIi]t
)XQNþQtYDULDELOLWD
'$OHåLWêP]QDNHPSURVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNRXIXQNFLMHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$LFHOêFK
VHVNXSHQtVRXþDVQêFKGRP$YUiPFLVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXMVRXNRQVWUXNFHGRP$VMLåQt
þiVWt-HMLFKH[LVWHQFHMHVSRMRYiQDVXUþLWêPVSROHþHQVNêPSRVWDYHQtPRE\YDWHO
StSDGQMHGQRWOLYF$NWHtUR]KRGRYDOLRUR]GORYiQtVNOL]HQpKRRELOtModderman
1988: '$OHåLWiSR]RURYiQtSLQHVOYê]NXPY0HU]EDFKWDOXNGHMVRXW\WRVWDYE\
VSRMRYiQ\VYêURERXSRWUDYLQDQiVWURM$Boelicke 1982: 6YGþtRWRPMLVWi
NRQFHQWUDFHDUWHIDNW$SHGHYãtP]GREHQpNHUDPLN\D]HMPpQDQiSDGQY\VRNêSRGtO
URVWOLQQêFKPDNUR]E\WN$VSRMHQêFKVH]SUDFRYiQtPRELOt(Lüning 1997: 38). V
QHMVWDUãtIi]LKRODQGVNêFKVtGOLã"W\WRVWDYE\SHYDåXMtSR]GMLMHYNDåGpPREGREt
jen jedna (Modderman 1988: 9HâW~URYXE\O\VWDYE\Y\EDYHQpMLåQtþiVWt
SHVWDYRYiQ\QDWpPåHVWDYHQLãWLDY\]QDþRYDO\VHMHãWYWãtãtNRXDDEVHQFt
dlouhých stavebních jam (Pavúk 1994: 246).
-HVWOLåHMLåQtþiVWLGRP$SHGVWDYXMtVRXVWHGQp]SUDFRYiQtRELOtDPtVWRGRPiFtFK
]iVRESRWRPRNURXKOp]iVREQtMiP\LQWHUSUHWRYDQpMDNRVLODMHGRSOXMtMDNRPtVWR
GORXKRGREêFK]iVRERELOt3$YRGQtYêNODGSHGSRNOiGDODOWHUQDFLRERX]S$VRE$
skladování (Soudský 1966: 1\QtMHPRåQRRERMtSRNOiGDW]DGRNODGVNODGRYiQt
R]LP$DMDLQ2]LP\QHSRWHERYDO\GORXKRGREpVNODGRYiQtWillerding 1983: 213).
1HMVWDUãtQHROLWLFNp]HPGOVWYtE\OR]DORåHQRQDR]LPHFKFRåRGSRYtGiJHQHWLFNêP
SHGFK$GF$PGRPHVWLNRYDQêFKURVWOLQYH6WHGRPRt(Willerding 1983: 204). Proto
]HMPYQHMVWDUãtFKE\ODQVNêFKIi]tFKSRG]HPQtVLODFK\Et1iOH]\QHROLWLFNêFK
REMHNW$WRKRWRGUXKXE\O\PRQRJUDILFN\]SUDFRYiQ\Šumberová 1996) a byly
SRMHGQiQ\YVRXYLVORVWLVH]iVREQtPLREMHNW\YþHWQYtFHQHåMHGQRKRVWD]iVREQtFK
jam z Bylan (tab. 7.4.2.A.).
,GHQWLILNDFHþLQQRVWtYUiPFLNRPSOH[$DIi]t
7.5.1. Ekonomická úloha jednotlivého domu a sídelních komponent
.DåGpKRVSRGiVWYtSOQLORXUþLWRXHNRQRPLFNRXDHNRQRPLFNRVSROHþHQVNRXUROLMDNR
QH]iYLVOiMHGQRWNDMHGQDNYHY]WDKXNRE\YDWHO$PXYQLWGRPXMHGQDNYHY]WDKXN
RE\YDWHO$PPLPRQM7åLãWSUYQtMDNpVLYQLWQtHNRQRPLFNpIXQNFHVSRþtYDORY
]DMLã"RYiQt]iNODGQtFKåLYRWQtFKSRWHEYþHWQStVWHãNXDREåLY\
=SUDFRYiQtPDWHULiO$QiVOHGRYDOR]DWPLWRSULPiUQtPLSRWHEDPL-HRWi]NRX
QDNROLNVHPQLORY\XåtYiQtWHRUHWLFNpVFKRSQRVWLRE\YDWHO]SUDFRYiYDWYãHFKQ\
PDWHULiO\1HMYtFHE\ORY\XåtYiQRYSLRQêUVNêFKIi]tFK]DNOiGiQtQHERREQRYRYiQt
domu a komponent, kdy se vyskytuje více nezpracovaných kamenných surovin.
/RJLFN\VHQHMGtYHVSHFLDOL]RYDORPLPRNDåGêG$P]SUDFRYiQtPpQGRVWXSQêFK
PDWHULiO$SURãWtSDQRXDEURXãHQRXLQGXVWULL9NULWLFNêFKREGREtFKE\ORQXWQR
SRþtWDWVPRåQRVWtNUiWNRGREpKRSHUXãHQtNRQWDNW$VHY]GiOHQêPL]GURML1DNUiWNRVH
LW\WRVSHFLDOL]RYDQpþLQQRVWLYUDFHO\]SWGRKRVSRGiVWYt
6PQDYêUREN$XYQLWGRPXVHQHSHGSRNOiGiFRåQHY\OXþXMHDOHY]iMHPQRX
YêPQXRVREQtFKSRWHEQDStNODG]GREHQpNHUDPLN\9WãLQDQiVWURM$E\OD]HMP
VSROHþQêFKMDNRWRPVYGþtIXQNþQtVDG\ãWtSDQêFKDEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$D
161
SHGHYãtPGYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$1HSRFK\EQYãDNS$VRELODQMDNiMHGQRGXFKi
SUDYLGODGGLþQRVWLSHGHYãtPPRYLWêFKDUWHIDNW$3tSDGQiRPH]HQtYWRPWRVPUX
VHGDMtSHGSRNOiGDWDOHMHMLFKLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFHQDSWDEXE\E\ODVSHNXODWLYQt
7åLãWGUXKpKRRNUXKXYQMãtFKHNRQRPLFNêFKIXQNFtGRPXO]HSRNOiGDWGRREODVWL
]SUDFRYiQtPDWHULiO$9\SOêYiWR]HVSHFLDOL]RYDQpYêURE\ãWtSDQpDEURXãHQp
LQGXVWULHNQLPåO]HSLGDWLDGXGDOãtFKPDWHULiO$NWHUpMLå]DKUQRYDO\NRRSHUDFL
PH]LVRXVHGQtPLGRP\QHERVKOXN\GRP$3HGHYãtPWRE\ODWåEDKOtQ\QDYêUREX
NHUDPLN\3UYQtL]RORYDQpKOLQtN\VHREMHYtMLåYRVPpIi]LDQHMVRXDQLSR]GML
åiGQRXYêMLPNRX9\WYiHMtMHGQXYêUREQtQHERKRVSRGiVNRXNRPSRQHQWXVSROHþQ
Y\XåtYDQRXQNROLNDGRP\0QRåVWYt]DKORXEHQêFKREMHNW$PLPRYODVWQtVWDYHEQt
NRPSOH[\XND]XMHQDVWiORXSRWHEXWRKRWRPDWHULiOXG$YRG\þHKRåQHMVRXSOQ
REMDVQQ\0RKO\WREêWQDStNODGVWDYE\YWãtFKQDG]HPQtFKSHFtXYQLWGRP$
RSUDY\VWQDQHXVWiOiREQRYDNHUDPLN\'iOHWRP$åHEêW]tVNiYiQtVXURYLQSUR
POêQ\StSDGQMLQêFKPDWHULiO$QDStNODGSURYêUREXWNDQLQQHERNRãtN$6SROHþQp
E\ORQHSRFK\EQ]tVNiYiQtVWDYHEQtFKPDWHULiO$MLFKåE\ODYHONiVSRWHEDYHGOH
]iNODGQtKRNRQVWUXNþQtKRGHYD
9QMãtHNRQRPLFNiUROHGRPXNROtVDODSDWUQSRGOHNRQNUpWQtVLWXDFH]HMPpQD
~VSãQRVWLNDåGRURþQt~URG\-LVWpSHUR]GORYiQt]iNODGQtFKSRWUDYLQQHO]HY\ORXþLW
=iYLVHORWDNpQDQHVWHMQpPVSROHþHQVNpPSRVWDYHQtGRP$YL]QtåH6PQDPH]L
GRP\QHE\ODSDWUQStOLãYHONi.GiONRYêP]GURM$PPO\GRP\YMHGQpRVDG
VWHMQêStVWXS0RKORVHMHGQDWVStãHRIRUP\GDU$PH]LStEX]QêPLSRStSDGR
SRYLQQpGDU\QDStNODGSLREDGHFKDSRG
,QGH[þLQQRVWt
6SROHþHQVN\RGGOHQpþLQQRVWLY\WYiHMtKRUL]RQWiOQtVSROHþHQVNRXGLIHUHQFLVan de
Velde 1990: PRKRXFKDUDNWHUL]RYDWGRSOXMtFtVHVNXSLQ\RE\YDWHONWHUpVHOLãt
SRGOHURGXQHERYNX(Van de Velde 1990: 'RNODG\WDNRYpKRWRGOHQtMVRX
SRQHMYtFHKOHGiQ\YU$]QRURGpYêEDYSRKE$3LWRPVHSHGSRNOiGiåHGRKURE$
QHE\O\XNOiGiQ\QiVWURMHSUREåQpSRXåLWtQHERQiVWURMHY\UREHQp]EåQ
GRVWXSQêFKPDWHULiO$1DSRKHELãWLY1LWHE\ODNRQVWDWRYiQDVLOQiNRUHODFHPH]L
VSRQG\ORYêPLR]GREDPLDSRKEHQêPLVWDUãtPLPXåLâWtSDQiLQGXVWULHVHWDPVSRMXMH
VStãHVGRVSOêPLPXåL(Milisauskas 1978: =YêEDY\MHGQRWOLYêFKKURE$NXOWXU\
VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXYýHFKiFKQHO]HVSROHþHQVNpUR]GtO\VWDQRYLW3RNXGVH
Y\VN\WQRXPLPRiGQY\EDYHQpSRKE\QDStNODGGWVNêSRKHE]9HMYDQRYLFMHGQi
VHVStãHRYêMLPHþQpMHGLQFHZápotocká 1998a: 182).
=DWtPRMHGLQOêMHSRNXVRUR]GOHQtãLUãtKRSURVWRUXRNRORGRPXNWHUêE\O]DORåHQ
QDSU$PUQêFKþHWQRVWHFKU$]QêFKGUXK$DUWHIDNW$YMDPiFKXPtVWQêFKYKUDQLFtFK
GHILQRYDQpKRGYRUFH=H]MLãWQêFKUR]GtO$E\OY\WYRHQLGHiOQtPRGHOWtSUDFRYQtFK
]yQ3UYQt]DKUQXMHMLåQtþiVWSURVWRUXDSRVWUDQQtþiVWDMHFKDUDNWHUL]RYDQi
NHUDPLNRX'UXKi]yQDVHVWiYi]HVHYHUQtþiVWLDSRVWUDQQtþiVWLDSHGVWDYXMH
ãWtSDQRXLQGXVWULL7HWtVHY\WYitQDVHYHUR]iSDGQtVWUDQGRP$NGHVHVRXVWHXMH
QHMYtFHQiOH]$RWORXNDþ$Boelicke 1982: 24, 1988: 7DNRYpWRþOHQQtE\
QD]QDþRYDORGOEXSUDFRYQtFKSURVWRU$SRGOHURGXSURWRåHSUYQtE\PRKODEêW
SLSViQDåHQiPDGUXKiVSROXVWHWtPXå$P3URWRåHYãDNYêVN\WDUWHIDNW$YWFKWR
SURVWRUHFKQHQtYêOXþQêO]HVStãHKRYRLWRWHQGHQFtFKMHKRGOHQtQHåRStVQpP
UR]GOHQt2GSRYtGiRYãHPQDãtPRGHUQtSHGVWDYRGGOHQêFKSUDFRYQtFKPtVWSUR
PXåHDåHQ\
162
1DKXVW]DVWDYQpPDUHiOX%<MH~VSãQRVWSRGREQpKRUR]OLãHQtSUDFRYQtFK
SURVWRU$PiORSUDYGSRGREQi-LVWêPRGHONWHUêE\]GHPRKOEêWSRXåLWSRVN\WXMH
VLWXDFHYDUHiOX0,=GHVHQDFKi]tYHGOHWtGRP$VNXSLQDMDPMLKR]iSDGQRG
GRPXNWHURXO]HLQWHUSUHWRYDWMDNRVDPRVWDWQêKRVSRGiVNêQHERYQMãtSUDFRYQt
PLNURDUHiO9MiPVHQDOH]OFHOêGYRXGtOQêPOêQDþHSHONDYMiPVHNHUNDD
GYDEURXVN\DYMiPYHONpPQRåVWYtYãHFKGUXK$NDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$6RXERUMH
NHUDPLNRXGDWRYiQDåSR]iQLNXSRVOHGQtKRGRPX3HVWRMHMO]HVSRMRYDWVGRP\Y
tomto areálu 3DYO$E
'RP\MVRXGDWRYiQ\NHUDPLNRX]HVWDYHEQtFKMDPNWHUiSHGVWDYXMHVStãHRGSDG]
SRþiWNXH[LVWHQFHNDåGpKRGRPX3UDFRYQtSURVWRUVH]DSOQLORGSDGHPDå]NRQFH
FHOpKRDUHiOXFRåE\RGSRYtGDOR]iYUXH[LVWHQFHVWDYE\7HQWRSUDFRYQtSURVWRU
SLOpKiNGRPXDOH]EêYDMtFtGYDGRP\PDMt]DVHVDPRVWDWQRXVHYHUQtMiPX0RKO
XQLFKWDNpEêWSRGREQêSURVWRUQDMLåQtVWUDQDOHEH]]DKORXEHQêFKREMHNW$1HERMH
PRåQiGDOãtLQWHUSUHWDFHåHSUDFRYQtSURVWRUE\OY\WYRHQMLåQDSRþiWNXREêYiQt
PLNURDUHiOXEKHPH[LVWHQFHGRPXQHERQHMSR]GMLVRXEåQVGRPHPD
SHþNDOFHORXMHMLFKH[LVWHQFLYþHWQSRVOHGQtKRGRPX7RPXRGSRYtGiWDNpPRGHO
struktury odpadu vypracovaný pro tento areál (Last 1998: 27, Obr. 8).
0LVNRYLFNêStSDGMHGRNODGHPåHLVtGOLãWPRKRXSLQpVWGDWDSURKRUL]RQWiOQt
VSROHþHQVNRXGOEX9WRPWRPLNURDUHiOXE\WYRLOD]iSDGQtþiVWPXåVNRX
NRPSRQHQWXSUDFRYQtKRSURVWRUXDYêFKRGQtþiVWåHQVNRXNRPSRQHQWX=D
SUDYGSRGREQMãtO]HSRYDåRYDWMHKRSU$EåQpWUYiQt-HGQRX]DORåHQêQHER
Y\KUD]HQêYQMãtSUDFRYQtSURVWRUQHE\ORQXWQRSHQiãHWVSROXVSHVWDYERXGRPX
SRX]HVH]YWãLODY]GiOHQRVWRGYFKRGX2E\WQiLSUDFRYQtNRPSRQHQWDWUYDO\
QHSHWUåLWSRXUþLWRXGREXSHVDKXMtFtMHGQXVWDYHEQtIi]LREUD
'HPRJUDILHVtGOLãW
3RþW\RE\YDWHOGRP$MVRXGORXKRSHGPWHPRGKDG$DMHGQtP]SRGNODG$VWXGLD
GHPRJUDILHQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"9\FKi]HMtREY\NOH]SHGHPVWDQRYHQpKRY]WDKX
PH]LYHOLNRVWtREêYDQpSORFK\DSRþWHPRE\YDWHOYVRXþDVQêFKHWQRJUDILFNêFK
VSROHþQRVWHFK-HXYiGQY]RUHFSRþtWDMtFtGHVHWLQXWpWRSORFK\QDMHGQRKRRE\YDWHOH
(Milisauskas 1978: 'DOãt~YDKRXE\ODSORFKDGRPXSRURYQiQDVSRþWHPSHFt
QHEROLGRPiFtFKNUE$YGRPSoudský 1966: 55, Milisauskas 1978: 1NWHUp
YêVOHGN\E\O\VKUQXW\MLåGtYH3DYO$DPHWRG\RGKDG$SRGUREHQ\NULWLFH
(Pavúk 1994: 256). 2GKDGRYDQiþtVOD]QDþQNROtVDMtDSRK\EXMtVHVStãHYORJLFNêFK
PH]tFKSRGPtQQêFKGDQRXPHWRGLNRXYêSRþWXQHåYSHVQMLSRGORåHQêFK
empirických hodnotách.
-LQêPVPUHPMHYHGHQDVQDKDRGKDGQRXWGHPRJUDILFNpSDUDPHWU\]H]QiPêFK
QHROLWLFNêFKSRKHELã"(Milisauskas 1978: 116-118, Neustupný 1983: 106-109,
Modderman 1988: -HSLWRPSRXND]RYiQRQDFHORXDGXREWtåQ
RGKDGRYDWHOQêFKIDNWRU$NWHUpRYOLYXMtQH~SOQRVWYNRYpKRVORåHQtSRKEHQêFKQD
SRKHELãWtFKPavúk 1994: 3HVWRVHGQHVYWãLQDDXWRU$VKRGXMHQDWRPåH
MHGHQG$PE\OREêYiQMHGQRXURGLQRXDSRþHWMHGLQF$MHGiQUR]SWtP
(Modderman 1988: VSU$PUHPRNROR(Milisauskas 1978: 1LåãtRGKDG
SU$PUXY\SOêYi]SHVLPLVWLFNpKRSRVX]RYiQt~PUWQRVWQtNLYN\SURQHROLW
(Neustupný 1983).
3RGOHGRVDYDGQtFKSHGSRNODG$RYêYRML/Q.NRPSRQHQWYDUHiOX%<O]HY\FKi]HW
]SRþWXGRP$GDWRYDWHOQêFKGRIi]tNWHUpSHGVWDYXMtYãHFK]DWtPRGNU\WêFK
GRP$9HYWãLQIi]tMHPRåQRGRSOQLWQHSUR]NRXPDQpPLNURDUHiO\RQHMPpQGY
163
GDOãtVWDYHQLãWWDE$MHQYSRVOHGQtPþDVRYpP~VHNXRMHGQR9%\ODQHFK
SLVWXSXMHGDOãtSUYHNMDNêPMVRXGRP\VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPNWHUpE\PO\EêW
REêYiQ\GYPDURGLQDPLModderman 1988: 94).
1D]iNODGSRþWXGRP$YHIi]tFKRGKDGRYDQpKRSRþWXQHSUR]NRXPDQêFKVWDYHQLã"D
YHOLNRVWLVWHGQtFKþiVWtGRP$MHPRåQRSURNDåGRXIi]LRGKDGRYDWPLQLPiOQtSRþHW
GRP$DPLQLPiOQtSRþHWURGLQWDE$2GKDGRYDQpSRþW\NROtVDMtYUiPFL
MHGQRWOLYêFKþDVRYêFK~VHN$DYWãLQRXY\MPDSUYQtKRNHNRQFLREGREtSRþHW
YêUD]QSRNOHVi7RE\VRXKODVLORVSHGSRNOiGDQRXG\QDPLNRXYêYRMHVtGOLãWNWHUp
SURFKi]HORREGREtPLVWDELOQtKRYêYRMHMHåE\ODSHUXãRYiQDGHPRJUDILFNêPL
]PQDPL'DQêPLNURDUHiOVHSURMHYRYDOXUþLWRXWHQGHQFtNRSWLPDOL]DFLRVtGOHQtSL
MHKRSRVWXSQpPQDU$VWiQt/]HWHG\SRWYUGLWWH]LRUR]URGXSoudský 1966: 58)
RE\YDWHONG\þiVW]QLFKE\ODQXFHQDYåG\SRXUþLWpGREKOHGDWQRYpPLNURDUHiO\
=iNODGQtSHGSRNODGRG\QDPLFHURVWRXFtSRSXODFHModderman 1988: 98) tak
nabývá v Bylanech konkrétní podoby jakési pulsace ve velikosti jednotlivých
RE\WQêFKPLNURDUHiO$
2Wi]NRX]$VWiYiGpONDWUYiQtKLiW$YRVtGOHQtMHGQRWOLYêFKPLNURDUHiO$-HPRåQpåH
]PQ\RVtGOHQtE\O\QNG\SHGVWDYRYiQ\WDNpMHQIi]tVMHGQtPGRPHPNGHGRåtYDOD
SRVOHGQtJHQHUDFH]SHGFKi]HMtFtKRþDVRYpKR~VHNXQHåE\ODY\VWtGiQDQRYRX
VNXSLQRXPODGãtFKURGLQ3RGREQVHWHQWRDUHiOFKRYiYREGREtNXOWXUQt]PQ\PH]L
OLQHiUQtDY\StFKDQRXNHUDPLNRX'DOãtRWi]NRXMHG\QDPLNDKRVSRGiVNêFKDUHiO$
která mohla být rozdílná od obytných. Zatím málo známý mikroareál BY4 v prostoru
SR]GMãtKRURQGHOXQD]QDþXMHåHMVRX]GHGRNODG\VRXVWHRYiQt]iVREQtFKMDP
3tþLQ\KORXEHQtYHONêFKKOLQtN$NWHUpVH]GHY\VN\WXMtSHGHYãtPYPODGãtPREGREt
LnK (Zápotocká 1995: ]DWtP]$VWiYDMtQHREMDVQQ\
,QIRUPDþQtREVDKVtGOHQt]KOHGLVND]DEH]SHþHQtREåLY\
6SROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNiVWUXNWXUDXYQLWIi]t
1HURYQêStVWXSNVXURYLQiPDNHNRQRPLFNêP]GURM$PYHGHNYHUWLNiOQt
VSROHþHQVNpKLHUDUFKLLNWHURXO]HVOHGRYDWYHWHFKUR]PUHFKQHURYQRVWL-DNXYiGt
MHGHQ]PRåQêFKPRGHO$VSROHþHQVNRSROLWLFNpRUJDQL]DFHMVRXMLPLPRFDXWRULWDD
SUHVWLå7PRGSRYtGiYSHGVWiWQtFKVSROHþQRVWHFKY$GþtRVREQRVWVSROHþHQVNêFK
MHGQRWHNNWHUiP$åHEêWR]QDþRYiQDMDNR1iþHOQtN9HONê0XåQHER6WDHãLQD
3RVWDYHQtNDåGpKR]QLFKVHY\]QDþXMHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêPL]QDN\3UYQtSHGHYãtP
PRFtGDQRXURGHPDGGLþQGUXKêDXWRULWRXNWHURXVL]tVNDOYODVWQtPSLþLQQtPD
WHWtSUHVWLåtY\SOêYDMtFt]MHKRYNXVan de Velde 1990: 9åLMtFtFK
VSROHþQRVWHFKWRKRWRGUXKXYãDNVHREY\NOHRVREQRVWLSHGVWDYXMtFtYUFKROGDQp
VSROHþHQVNpKLHUDUFKLHY\VN\WXMtYNRPSOLNRYDQMãtDY]iMHPQSURSRMHQpSRGRE
1D]iNODGDQDOê]\VWUXNWXU\W\S$GRP$QDQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLãWtFKY]iSDGQtþiVWL
HYURSVNpRLNXPHQ\DYêVN\WXEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHE\OY\SUDFRYiQMHGHQPRåQêPRGHO
VSROHþHQVNpKLHUDUFKLHYUiPFLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX2UJDQL]DFHRVDG\E\OD
]DORåHQDQDKRVSRGiVNpMHGQRWFHGRPXDSHGVWDYRYDODUHODWLYQVWDELOQtSROLWLFNRX
strukturu (Van de Velde 1990: .DåGiVDPRVWDWQiþiVWRVDG\PODVYpKR
1iþHOQtND]QLFKåMHGHQVRXVWHRYDOPRFMHMtPåYêUD]HPMHQHURYQpUR]GOHQt
broušené industrie, a representoval autoritu vFHOpRVDG2E\YDWHOpGRP$VMLåQtþiVWt
WYRLOLYHVQLFNRXUDGX3UHVWLåtWDNpGLVSRQXMtRE\YDWHOpQHMYWãtFKGRP$
8YHGHQêPRGHOSHGVWDYXMHMHGQX]PRåQêFKLQWHUSUHWDFtGDW]QHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLã"
Odpovídající data a jejich chování lze sledovat také v Bylanech. V souhrnu zde
164
SHYDåXMtGRP\EH]MLåQtþiVWLWpP]HWtþWYUWLQDGRP\VMHGQRGXFKRXVWHGQtþiVWt
]QHFHOêFKGYRXWHWLQ3URSRVRX]HQtUHODWLYQtKRYêVN\WXDUWHIDNW$E\O\Y\þtVOHQ\
QiVREN\MHMLFKSU$PUQpKRYêVN\WXXGRP$VNRPELQDFHPL]GYRMHQpKRVWHGXDMLåQt
þiVWL1DGRP\VMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHPDEH]MLåQtþiVWLSLSDGiYRGSDGXSU$PUQ
QiGREVOLQHiUQtYê]GRERX8GRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPMHWRNUiWYtFHDX
GRP$VMLåQtþiVWtMHWRNUiWYtFH3RGREQWRSODWtLSURGDOãtGUXK\Yê]GRE\/]H
tFLåH]GYRMHQtVWHGQtþiVWLRYOLYXMHYtFHSRGtOQiGREVSODVWLFNRXDWHFKQLFNRX
Yê]GRERXStSDGQQH]GREHQêFKYHVURYQiQtVQiGREDPLVOLQHiUQtYê]GRERX
([LVWHQFHMLåQtþiVWLQDSURWLWRPX]Y\ãXMHYtFHSRGtOOLQHiUQ]GREHQêFKQiGRE7R
QHNRUHVSRQGXMHVH]MLãWQtPY0HU]EDFKWDOXRSHNYDSLYQt]NpPSRGtOX]GREHQêFK
QiGREXGRP$EH]MLåQtþiVWLBoelicke 1982: 3RGtO]GREHQpNHUDPLN\QDU$VWiY
%\ODQHFKMHãWYtFHXGRP$NWHUpVHY\]QDþXMt]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPLY\EXGRYDQRX
MLåQtþiVWtXQLFKåVHNRPELQRYDORMDNGHPRJUDILFNpWDNLVSROHþHQVNpKOHGLVNR
3RGREQVHFKRYiSRPUQp]DVWRXSHQtEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$YGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQêP
VWHGHPDVMLåQtþiVWt1DStNODGXGRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPDOHEH]MLåQtþiVWL
'2VHYSU$PUXQDFKi]tNXV$NRS\WRYLWêFKNOtQ$DNXV$SORFKêFK
NRS\WRYLWêFKVHNHUHN1DSURWLWRPXXGRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPDMLåQtþiVWt'6
MHYSU$PUXNUiWYtFHNOtQ$WM[ NXV$DNUiWYtFHVHNHUHNWM
[ NXV$1HMY\ããtQiVREHNMHWDNYHWtGSORFKêFKNRS\WRYLWêFKVHNHUHN
XGRP$VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHP8GRP$VMLåQtþiVWtDMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP66MH
SRGtOYtFHQHåGYRMQiVREQê8GRP$EH]]GYRMHQpKRVWHGXLEH]MLåQtþiVWL62MH
QiVREHNSRGtOXYêUD]QQLåãt=YêãHQêSU$PUQêYêVN\WEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHSLSDGi
WXGtå]þiVWLQD]YWãHQtRE\WQpKRVWHGX]þiVWLQDH[LVWHQFLMLåQtKR]iVREQtKR
prostoru.
V Bylanech se z tohoto pohledu setkávají dva faktory, které zvyšují podíl broušených
QiVWURM$YRGSDGXXGRP$U$]QêFKW\S$-HGHQO]HR]QDþLW]DIDNWRUWHFKQRPLFNê
MHGQRGXãHSLVWDYEYWãtFKGRP$E\ODYWãtVSRWHEDQiVWURM$'UXKêP$åH
RGSRYtGDWVRFLRHNRQRPLFNpPXIDNWRUXNWHUêXND]XMHQDUHODWLYQVLOQMãtPRFHQVNp
SRVWDYHQtRE\YDWHOGRP$VMLåQtþiVWtSHVQMLKODY\URGLQ\åLMtFtYWRPWRGRP7R
E\POREêW]GURMHPMHKRY$GFRYVNpKRSRVWDYHQtYGDQpþiVWLRE\WQpKRDUHiOXSRNXG
tam byly další menší stavby (tab. 7.6.1.A., tab. 7.6.1.B., tab. 7.6.1.C.).
6SROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNiVWUXNWXUDPH]LIi]HPL
9SUYQtFKRVPLIi]tFKVHQHY\VN\WQHåiGQêG$PVMLåQtþiVWtWDNåHYSUYQtFKGYRX
G\QDPLFNêFK~VHFtFKIi]HDIi]HYêYRMHVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXQHQtSDWUQêG$P
NWHUpPXE\E\ORPRåQRSLSVDWY\ããtHNRQRPLFNpSRVWDYHQt$EVHQFHWRKRWR
VRFLRQRPLFNpKR]QDNXQHQt]HMP]S$VREHQDRPH]HQêPUR]PUHPYê]NXPX
,QGLNXMHVStãHUR]GtOQRXVSROHþHQVNRXRUJDQL]DFLYREGREtVQHMVWDUãtOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLNRX-HGQRWOLYpGRP\E\O\Y]iMHPQPpQVSROHþHQVN\]iYLVOpRSURWL
SR]GMãtPXREGREtDWREH]RKOHGXQDSHGSRNODGDWHOQpJHQHWLFNpVYD]N\PH]LQLPL
9$GFHPOFKDUDNWHUSURWRVStãH9HONpKR0XåHVDXWRULWRX]tVNDQRXYODVWQtP
SLþLQQtPDWXGtåGRþDVQRXVStãHQHå1iþHOQtNDVGGLþQêPSRVWDYHQtPMHKRå
DXWRULWDE\Y\SOêYDOD]HNRQRPLFNêFKUR]GtO$PH]LGRP\9WRPWRGXFKXO]HURYQå
interpretovat nález vrtaného mlatu z domu 2200 v první fázi (viz výše kap. 2.8.3).
6\PEROPRFLDDXWRULW\]WUDWLOSDWUQVYRMLKRGQRWXSRVPUWLVYpKRQRVLWHOHDGRVWDOVH
GRRGSDGXQHE\OXåQLNêP]GGQ
'RþWYUWpIi]HMHGDWRYiQG$PNWHUêVHVYRMtPLPRiGQSUDYLGHOQRXDSHYQRX
NRQVWUXNFtYêUD]QRGOLãXMHRGYãHFKMLQêFKVWDYHE]WRKRWRREGREt0RKOE\
165
zastupovat stavby typu 1a (Modderman 1988: 2EULMHMLFKSHGSRNOiGDQp
VSROHþHQVNpSRVWDYHQt9HþWYUWpPDãHVWpP~VHNXVQtPO]HSRURYQDWVWDYE\D
DYHWHWtPStSDGQSiWpP~VHNXGRP\D9HGUXKpP~VHNXSDNVHSRGREQi
VWDYEDQHY\VN\WODDYãDNMHPRåQRMLSHGSRNOiGDWQDQHSUR]NRXPDQpSORãH
2SDNRYDO\E\VHWDNSUDYLGHOQYNDåGpPþDVRYpP~VHNXNWHUêMHVURYQDWHOQêV
Ii]HPLY(OVORR9SRMHWtE\ODQVNêFKVtGHOQtFKIi]tE\YãDNYDG]QLFKFK\EO
8YHGHQpLQWHUSUHWDFLE\SRWRPREþDVQRVWWDNRYpKR]Dt]HQtRGSRURYDOD1DGUXKp
VWUDQ~YDKDRGHOãtPWUYiQtWFKWRVWDYHEEKHPQNROLNDE\ODQVNêFKIi]tYMHGQRP
G\QDPLFNpP~VHNXE\SHGSRNOiGDOD]iVDGQtUHYL]LNHUDPLFNpKRRGSDGXDMHKR
chronologické interpretace.
-LVWêPHãHQtPWFKWRUR]SRU$E\PRKOEêWRGND]QDK\SRWHWLFNRXH[LVWHQFL
SRGREQêFKVWDYHEYNDåGpIi]LYQLFKåYWãLQDE\E\ODQDGRVXGQHSUR]NRXPDQêFK
SORFKiFKDUHiOX%<7RWRHãHQtMHYãDNSLMDWHOQpMHQSURGUXKê~VHNIi]H
3RURYQiOLVHSURPQOLYêRGKDGPLQLPiOQtKRSRþWXURGLQYHIi]tFKYL]7DE
$XND]XMHVHåHYêMLPHþQpVWDYE\]DSDGDMtYNDåGpP~VHNXSUiYGRIi]HV
QHMY\ããtPRGKDGHPSRþWXURGLQYUiPFLWRKRWR~VHNX9êMLPNRXMHG$P]H
Ii]HNWHUiPiSRQNXGQLåãtRGKDGSRþWXURGLQQHåIi]H$EVHQWXMtFtG$P]H
GUXKpKR~VHNXE\SRGOHWRKRPOFK\EWYIi]L3UDYGSRGREQMãtMHWHG\K\SRWp]D
RVKURPDåRYDFtPGRPXQHERGRPXQiþHOQtNDMDNRDUELWUiUQtLQVWLWXFLNWHUiVH
REMHYXMHWHSUYHSRSHNURþHQtXUþLWpKRSRþWXURGLQYMHGQpNRPSRQHQW9HVWDUãtP
REGREtMHWDWRKUDQLFHGiQDPLQLPiOQtPSRþWHPURGLQYPODGãtP3UR~SOQRVWE\
E\ORQXWQRSHGSRNOiGDWWDNpYHDIi]LH[LVWHQFLGRPXQDQHSUR]NRXPDQp
SORãH0RåQiåHLQVWLWXFHQMDNpKRKODYQtKRVSROHþQpKRQiþHOQtND(Van de Velde
1990: E\ODWDNpIXQNFtYHOLNRVWLMHGQpNRPXQLW\1iþHOQtNE\E\OXVWDYRYiQMHQY
GREiFKNG\SRþHWURGLQåLMtFtFKSRKURPDGSHNURþLOXUþLWRXKUDQLFLNWHUiMHãW
GRYRORYDODVSROHþQpVDPRVSUiYQpVRXåLWt
3RþHWGRP$VMLåQtþiVWtYHþW\HFKPODGãtFK~VHFtFKG\QDPLFNpKRYêYRMHIi]H
DQHSUDYLGHOQNROtVi9HIi]LPiWXWRþiVWYãHFK
VHGPRGNU\WêFKGRP$9QiVOHGXMtFtIi]LYãDNMHQMHGHQ]MHGHQiFWLRGNU\WêFKGRP$
7DNpSURW\WRVWDYE\P$åHSODWLWK\SRWp]DRQH]QiPpPSRþWXQHRGNU\WêFKVWDYHE
Nepravidelnost v jejich výskytu je však nápadná. Odpovídá spíše konkrétním
QHSUDYLGHOQRVWHPGHPRJUDILFNpKRYêYRMHVtGOLãW.ROtViQtNRUHVSRQGXMHVLOQV
RGKDG\PLQLPiOQtKRSRþWXURGLQNWHUpE\O\SURSRþWHQ\QH]iYLVOHQDYêVN\WXMLåQt
þiVWLSRX]HVSLKOpGQXWtPNH]GYRMHQêPVWHGQtPþiVWHPGRP$
9êMLPNRXMHIi]HNG\PiMLåQtþiVWMHQG$P'RP\DOHåtSLRNUDML
SUR]NRXPDQpSORFK\WDNåHDEVHQFHMLåQtþiVWLXQLFKQHQtMLVWi1HGRVWDWHNMLåQtFK
þiVWtO]HYWpWRIi]LKRGQRWLWMDNRVLOQêSRNOHVHNRQRPLFNpYêNRQQRVWLFHOpVtGHOQt
NRPSRQHQW\DOHVSRYHVURYQiQtVRþHNiYiQtPYSHGFKi]HMtFtIi]L1DRSDN
VWRSURFHQWQtYêVN\WGRP$VMLåQtþiVWtYHIi]LP$åHEêWMHQIRUPiOQtPD
V\PEROLFNêPY\MiGHQtPRþHNiYDQpDXWRULW\NDåGpKRGRPXYHIi]LREQRYHQt
VtGHOQtKRPLNURDUHiOXQLNROLYMHMLFKVNXWHþQpHNRQRPLFNpYiK\5R]XPtVH
SHGHYãtP]SUDFRYiQtDNRQWUROD]HPGOVNpSURGXNFH
3RGOHRGKDGRYDQpKRPLQLPiOQtKRSRþWXURGLQSDWtSHVWRREGREtDåIi]HN
HNRQRPLFN\QHM~VSãQMãtPXYHYêYRMLFHOpKRDUHiOX%<([LVWHQFHDQLDEVHQFH
MLåQtFKþiVWtGRP$QHPXVtYãDN]QDPHQDWMHGQR]QDþQpVWtGiQtSHGVWDYLWHO$
MHGQRWOLYêFKNRPSRQHQWDSRNOHVMHMLFKDXWRULW\3RGtOGRP$WRKRWRW\SXRUJDQLFN\
SRNOHViYSRVOHGQtPYêYRMRYpP~VHNXD]FHODFK\EtY]iYUHþQêFKWHFKIi]tFK
3LWRPQHQtQXWQRSHGSRNOiGDWåHE\YWFKWRIi]tFKFK\EO\RVREQRVWLVStVOXãQRX
166
DXWRULWRXDPRFtQHERSUHVWLåtREUDREUEREUFREUG
tab. 7.6.2.A.).
6tGHOQtVW\OYQHROLWXYNRQWH[WXLGHMtDSHGVWDY
7.7.1. Symbolické znaky
$UFKLWHNWXUDDSHGHYãtPMHMt]DþOHQQtGRNRQNUpWQtKRSURVWRUXSHGVWDYXMHYHOPL
Yê]QDPQpY\MiGHQtNXOWXUQtV\PEROLN\NWHUi]DQHFKiYiDUFKHRORJLFN\þLWHOQpVWRS\
(Hodder 1982: 34).9]KOHGGRP$DMHMLFKXVSRiGiQtGRVSROHþQêFKFHON$VHPQt
SRGOHNOLPDWXDGUXKXPDWHULiOXNWHUêE\OGRVWXSQêYGDQpPPtVW1HQtYãDNQD
WFKWRSRGPtQNiFKStPR]iYLVOêDOHMHGiQNXOWXUQtWUDGLFtNDåGpVSROHþQRVWL
(Rapoport 1972: 65).
-HXYiGQStSDGNG\YHGOHVHEHYWpåHREODVWLH[LVWXMtGYNXOWXUQtVNXSLQ\åLMtFtY
UR]GtOQXVSRiGDQêFKVWDYEiFKMHMLFKåV\PEROLFNpþOHQQtSURVWRUXMH]FHOD
SURWLFK$GQp1DMLKR]iSDG86$StVOXãQtFLNPHQH3XHEORREêYDMtDJORPHUDFH
PtVWQRVWtNWHUpMVRXRWHYHQ\GRSURVWUDQVWYtNGHEêYiXPtVWQDSRG]HPQtFHQWUiOQt
VYDW\Q1DYDMRåLMtYL]RORYDQêFKVWDQRYLWêFKFKDWiFKMHMLFKåYQLWQtSURVWRUMH
XVSRiGiQRGFHQWUiOQtKRERGXDMHKRV\PEROLNDVHSURGOXåXMHLGRYQMãtKRSURVWRUX
(Rapoport 1972: 100)6\PEROLFNpXVSRiGiQtSURVWRUXXYQLWLYQVWDYHEMDNRY
WRPWRStNODGXNRQFHQWULFNpQHERH[FHQWULFNpVHSURPtWiLGRDG\GDOãtFKNXOWXUQtFK
kategorií (Hodder 1982: 138).
3UDYLGHOQRVWYXVSRiGiQtVRXþDVQêFKGRP$MHWHG\G$OHåLWêPV\PEROLFNêP]QDNHP
LSURQHROLWLFNiVtGOLãW1DSUYQtSRKOHGVHYãDNWDWRVtGOLãWQHY\]QDþXMtQMDNRX
NRPSDNWQtV\PHWULtQDStNODGUDGLiOQtPXVSRiGiQtPDGRYpXVSRiGiQt]MLãWQpY
Cuiry-les-Chaudardes se zatím nikde neopakuje, pokud by jeho náznak nebyl
VSDWRYiQY0LVNRYLFtFK=GHVHMHGQiMHQRWLVWDYE\MHMLFKåXVSRiGiQtYMHGQpDG
P$åHEêWQiKRGQpDRGSRYtGDWVStãHRSWLPiOQtPXY\XåLWtPtVWQtNRQILJXUDFHWHUpQX
3$OREORXNRYLWpXVSRiGiQtYtFHPpQURYQREåQêFKGRP$O]HSR]RURYDWYHâW~URYX
QHERYH;,9Ii]L/DQJZHLOHUYL]YêãH7HWtPPRGHOHPMHãDFKRYQLFRYp
XVSRiGiQtNWHUpE\OR]MLãWQRQDStNODGY%H]Q
9%\ODQHFKURYQåQHQtSURVWRUMHGQpNRPSRQHQW\QLMDNStVQUR]YUåHQ3HYOiGi
NRPELQDFHREORXNRYLWpKRDãDFKRYQLFRYLWpKRPRGHOXYWãLQRXGRVWLQHSUDYLGHOQi
Jednotlivé domy si zachovávají optimální prostor ve svém okolí. Nejsou svým
XVSRiGiQtPY]iMHPQStOLã]iYLVOpMHGHQQDGUXKpPQDY]iMHPVHUHVSHNWXMtD
XFKRYiYDMtVL]QDþQRXPtUXLQGLYLGXiOQtKRSURVWRUX-DNRE\QHH[LVWRYDODStVQMãt
SUDYLGODDE\ORMHQQDUR]KRGQXWtVWDYLWHO$NDåGpKRGRPX]GDVHSLSRMtNQMDNpPX
YWãtPXVHVNXSHQtQHERMHMSRVWDYtL]RORYDQYHYWãtY]GiOHQRVWL1DSURWLWRPX
V\PEROLNDþOHQQtSURVWRUXYHYWãtFKNRQFHQWUDFtFKGRP$QD]QDþXMHåHEêWSLMDWGR
VHVNXSHQtPORMLVWpKUDQLFHDWXGtåLVSROHþHQVNiSUDYLGOD1HSRFK\EQE\O
UHVSHNWRYiQVWXSHStEX]HQVWYtDWRVNXWHþQpKRQHERLILNWLYQtKR9]iMHPQiDGRSFH
GWtDURGLþ$PXVHODEêWREY\NOêPHãHQtPSLY\VRNp~PUWQRVWL
7.7.2. Symbolická variabilita a historická dynamika sídelního areálu
&HOiDQDOê]DVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX%<MH]DORåHQDQDSHULRGL]DFLMDNiE\ODY\SUDFRYiQD
MLåGtYHDåQD~URYHVtGHOQtFKIi]t-HGQiVHRNHUDPLFNRXFKURQRORJLLRStUDMtFtVHR
NYDQWLWDWLYQt]PQ\SRGtOXMHGQRWOLYêFKYê]GREQêFKWHFKQLNYVtGHOQtPRGSDGX
-HMtPVKUQXWtPY]QLNOD]iURYHSRGUREQMãtSHULRGL]DFHFHOpNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQt
NHUDPLNRXNWHUiE\PODSODWLWSURþHVNRXREODVWWpWRNXOWXU\3DYO$±5XOI
167
Zápotocká 1986: 3R]GMLE\ODWDWR]iNODGQtFKURQRORJLH]MHGQRGXãHQDDE\E\OR
PRåQRNODVLILNRYDWLQH~SOQpQiOH]RYpFHON\DUiPFRYLMHGQRWOLYpQiOH]\YUHJLRQX
(3DYO$5XOID125-126).
3UYQtPNURNHPNHVNXWHþQpKLVWRULFNpSHULRGL]DFLE\ORY\SUDFRYiQtXUþLWêFK
G\QDPLFNêFK~VHN$YSRVORXSQRVWLE\ODQVNêFKVtGHOQtFKIi]t]DORåHQpSHGHYãtPQD
NROtViQtYêVN\WXPOêQ$DEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$YMHGQRWOLYêFKIi]tFK3DYO$285,
Rulf 1991: =GHSHGNOiGDQiDQDOê]DSRWYU]XMHåHW\WRG\QDPLFNp~VHN\Y
åLYRWE\ODQVNpKRQHROLWLFNpKRVtGOLãWO]HVSRMLWVYDULDELOLWRXDG\GDOãtFK]QDN$
2GKDG\PLQLPiOQtKRSRþWXURGLQåLMtFtFKYRE\WQpPDUHiOX%<SXOVXMtYHOPL
SUDYLGHOQYUiPFLGtYHGHILQRYDQêFK~VHN$VtGHOQtFKIi]t7\WRU\WP\O]H
SRYDåRYDW]DVNXWHþQiKLVWRULFNiREGREtORNiOQtFK]PQMHGQRKRRE\WQpKRDUHiOX-H
MLFKGHILQRYiQRãHVW%<,9,DPDMtWUYiQtRGpOFHWtDåSWLVtGHOQtFKIi]t
5HNDSLWXODFHPHWRG\SHFKRGXRGNHUDPLFNpFKURQRORJLHNKLVWRULFNpG\QDPLFH
DUHiOXXPRåXMHGDOãtYURKRGQpLQWHUSUHWDFHLYREODVWLV\PEROLFNpKRþOHQQt
VtGHOQtKRSURVWRUXDMHKR]PQ3UYQtSUDYLGHOQpGOHQtVHREMHYXMHYIi]LY
SRGREãDFKRYQLFRYpKRXVSRiGiQt-HGQXDåGYVWDYE\O]HSHGSRNOiGDWQD
QHSUR]NRXPDQpSORãH6\PHWULHþOHQQtVtGHOQtKRSURVWRUX]GHSRSUYpGRVSODN
RSWLPiOQtPXYêUD]X'DOãtSRGREQSUDYLGHOQiXVSRiGiQtVHSURMHYXMtSHGHYãtPY
SRþiWHþQtFKIi]tFKQRYêFKU\WP$YPODGãtPYêYRML-VRXWRDIi]HNWHUp
E\E\ORPRåQRR]QDþLW]DSURWRW\SLFNiVtGOLãWVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX0RKRXVORXåLW
MDNRStNODGV\PEROLFNpKRþOHQQtVtGHOQtKRSURVWRUXYUiPFLMHGQpNRPSRQHQW\D
]iURYHXND]XMtQDSHFKRGQêYê]QDPWRKRWRþOHQQt1HE\ORQLMDNXVWiOHQpDQL
QHSHWUYDORQiVWXSQLFNRXIi]LQRYpKRU\WPXDQiVOHGQpSHVWDYE\MHGQRWOLYêFKGRP$
je rychle porušily (tab. 7.7.2.A.).
sídlení
9êPQDLQIRUPDFtXYQLWIi]t
'$PMHNOtþRYêPERGHPV\PEROL]XMtFtPYãHFKQ\VWUiQN\QHMVWDUãtQHROLWLFNp
VSROHþQRVWLHodder 1990: -HQHMHQPtVWHPYêUREQtFKþLQQRVWtDOHSUR
DUFKHRORJLLG$OHåLWêPSHGVWDYLWHOHPGRPHVWLNRYDQpVSROHþHQVNpMHGQRWN\NWHUiY
QPVGtOHODVWHMQêI\]LFNêSURVWRU]D~þHOHPMtGODVSDQtRGSRþLQNXYROQpKRþDVX
YêFKRY\DSpþHRGWL7ULQJKDP.UVWLþ603). Symbolizuje jádro kulturního
RYOiGQXWt³GLYRNpStURG\´DMHYêUD]HPVSROHþHQVNpWHULWRULDOLW\3URVWRUXYQLWLYQ
GRPXMHRGVWXSRYiQDXVQDGXMHNRPXQLNDFLXYQLWWpWRVNXSLQ\LPH]LU$]QêPL
skupinami (Hodder 1990: 'RP\VHVWDYHQpGRQHSUDYLGHOQãDFKRYQLFRYpKR
~WYDUXGRYROXMtWpPStPRXNRPXQLNDFLNDåGpKRVNDåGêPSRNXGVH]DYêFKR]t
ERGEHUHSHGSRNOiGDQêYFKRGQDMLåQtVWUDQ
9êPQDLQIRUPDFtPH]LIi]HPL
3HVWDYE\GRP$GRQiVOHGQêFKIi]tE\O\YHGHQ\VQDKRXXGUåHWY]iMHPQRXPtUX
NRPXQLNRYDWHOQRVWL,QGLYLGXiOQtSRVXQ\VWDYHEYUiPFLMHGQRKRU\WPXWXWRPRåQRVW
YêPQ\LQIRUPDFtPRKO\QDUXãLW3URWRE\ORRSWLPiOQtUR]ORåHQtRSUDYHQRLY
SU$EKXMHGQRKRU\WPXQDStNODGYIi]L1HROLWLFNpNXOWXU\YHVWHGQt(YURS
QLNG\QHPO\VQDKXY\WYiHWQMDNêSHYQVHYHQê~WYDU]HVNXSLQ\VWDYHEMDNR
WRPXE\ORQD3HGQtPYêFKRGQHERLQD%DONiQ7HQWRUR]GtOP$åHEêWY\VYWOHQ
SHGHYãtPFKDUDNWHUHPYRGQtFK]GURM$NWHUpE\O\QDYêFKRGVStãHERGRYpY(YURS
168
OLQLRYp7tPVLXFKRYDO\]QDþQRXYROQRVWDEH]SURVWHGQRVWYHGYRXVWUDQQpYêPQ
LQIRUPDFt([LVWHQFHNRPXQiOQtFKSUDFRYQtFKDUHiO$GRNOiGiVRXþDVQIDNWåH
V\PEROLNDVtGHOQtKRSURVWRUXGRYRORYDODLQHRPH]HQPQRKRVWUDQQRXYêPQX
LQIRUPDFtSHNUDþXMtFtQNROLNJHQHUDFt
3UDFRYQtDUHiO\S$YRGQV\PEROL]XMtFtMHQKRUL]RQWiOQtGOHQtVSROHþQRVWLSRGOH
URGXDYNXY\~VWLO\SR]GMLYNUXKRYpDUHiO\URQGHO\7\YGREVYpKRUR]NYWX
EKHPPODGãtKRQHROLWXV\PEROL]RYDO\LYHUWLNiOQtVSROHþHQVNpþOHQQt-HMLFKSURVWRU
VHOLãLOQDYQMãtSUDFRYQtDKRVSRGiVNêKOLQtN\SHFHVLODDYQLWQtNXOWRYQt
VKURPiåGQtVODYQRVWL~WRþLãW9WpGREYãDNVHGRP\PQRKHPYtFH
LQGLYLGXDOL]RYDO\DRGGORYDO\LQGLYLGXiOQtVWUiQNXVSROHþQRVWLRGNRPXQiOQt
PQRKHPG$VOHGQMLQHåWRPXE\ORYGRENXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX3R]GMãt
URQGHO\VH]HWHOQMLRGGOHQRXNRQFHQWUDFtREMHNW$U$]QpIXQNFHXVQDGXMt
LQWHUSUHWDFLVWDUãtFKVtGOLã"VREMHNW\U$]QpIXQNFHUR]SWêOHQêPLPLPRGRP\NGHVH
SDNIXQNþQtNRPSRQHQW\SURQiVQHRGOLãLWHOQSHNUêYDMt
7.9. Historická úloha neolitických obydlí a jejich seskupení v kulturní
NUDMLQSURY\WYiHQtDXFKRYiYiQtNXOWXUQtWUDGLFH
9êYRMVtGOLãWYNRQWH[WXUHJLRQX
ýHVNiREODVW/Q.E\ODS$YRGQUR]GOHQDQDUHJLRQ$SRGOHVHVNXSRYiQtQDOH]Lã"
MHåUHVSHNWXMHSHGHYãtPStURGQtSRGPtQN\WpWRREODVWLMDNRMHJHRPRUIRORJLH
pedologie, klimatologie ad. Bylany se nacházejí v sedmém regionu zahrnujícím území
RGýHVNpKR%URGXSRýiVODYYMLKRYêFKRGQtþiVWLVWHGQtFKýHFK3DYO$=iSRWRFNi
1979: 3R]GMLE\ODþHVNiREODVWUR]GOHQDSUR~þHO\DQDOê]\NHUDPLN\MHQQD
þiVW]iSDGQtVWHGQtDYêFKRGQtNGH%\ODQ\VSDGDMtGRVWHGQtREODVWL(Rulf 1997b)
(obr. 7.9.1.a.).
/LQHiUQtRVtGOHQtVHVRXVWHXMHYFHOpPUHJLRQXSHGHYãtPSRGpOSUDYREHåQtFK
StWRN$/DEHDMH]HMPpåHKXVWiVt"YRGQtFKWRN$Y\ããtKRiGXWYRLOD]iURYH
SLUR]HQRXNRPXQLNDþQtVt"3RGREQMDNRYMLQêFKREODVWHFK(Lüning 1991,
Kulczycka 1993WYRtSRYRGtMHGQRWOLYêFKSRWRN$SRWHQFLiOQtSURVWRUSUR]DNOiGiQt
VtGHOQtFKDUHiO$U$]QpKRW\SXDþOHQtUHJLRQQDPHQãtPLNURUHJLRQ\9 kolínskoNXWQRKRUVNpREODVWLMHWRSWPHQãtFK~]HPtSRGpOWRN$RG]iSDGXâHPEHU\
9êURYN\3ROHSN\.OHMQiUN\D%UVOHQN\8YQLWVHNDåGê]WFKWRPLNURUHJLRQ$GOt
SRGOHNRQNUpWQtJHRPRUIRORJLFNpVLWXDFHDNRQILJXUDFHGRVXG]MLãWQêFKQDOH]Lã"
(3DYO$5XOIDE) (obr. 7.9.1.b.).
9DGUHJLRQ$/Q.E\ORSR]RURYiQRVRXVWHRYiQtVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$MHQYXUþLWêFK
~]HPtFKDWRLYPtWNXPLNURUHJLRQX9\VN\WXMHVHREY\NOHPHQãtSRþHWYHONêFKD
GORXKRGRERVLGORYDQêFKDUHiO$YHGOHSRGVWDWQYWãtKRSRþWXPDOêFKD
NUiWNRGREêFKDUHiO$(Kulczycka 1993: 50). To vedlo k výkladu centrálních a
SHULIHUQtFKVtGOLã"]QLFKåRYãHPMHQQNWHUiPRKRXEêWVFHQWUiOQtPLVRXþDVQi
3RGUREQE\ODWDWRSUREOHPDWLND]NRXPiQD]KOHGLVNDNRPXQLNDFHXYQLWUHJLRQ$D
SHGHYãtP]SURVWHGNRYiQtVXURYLQD]SUDFRYDQpãWtSDQpLQGXVWULHY]iSDGQtREODVWL
LnK (Zimmermann 1995$XWRUSURNi]DOåHFHQWUiOQtVtGOLãWVHSRGtOHODQDGOE
SUiFHSL]tVNiYiQtVXURYLQDMHMLFK]SUDFRYiQt-HGQRWOLYiVtGOLãWVHVSHFLDOL]RYDODD
WRQHMHQQDãWtSDQRXLQGXVWULLDOHWDNpQDStNODGQDNHUDPLNX/DPHUVGRUI
Zimmermann 1995: 105).
169
9êYRMVtGOLãWYNRQWH[WXNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX
Situaci vývoje osídlení v dolním Porýní charakterizuje A. Zimmermann: "Die
Besiedlung beginnt an einigen weit auseinanderliegenden Stellen (den zukünftigen
zentralen Plätzen), wo allmählich die Anzahl der Häuser zunimmt und von denen aus,
nach einigen Generationen, weitere Siedlungen gegründet wurden" (1995: 105).
Situace v regionu, kde se nacházejí Bylany, se liší presencí dat k nejstaršímu osídlení
]REGREtQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQ/Q.'ROQt3RUêQtE\ORRVtGOHQRSR]GMLDåYREGREt
)ORPERUQVNpKRVWXSQNWHUpRGSRYtGiVWHGQtPXVWXSQLþHVNp/Q.7RMHWDNpKODYQt
G$YRGSURþREUD]SRVWXSQpKR]DEtUiQtUHJLRQXOLQHiUQtPRVtGOHQtPMHXQiVPRåQR
LQWHUSUHWRYDWSRQNXGMLQêP]S$VREHP-DNRQHMVWDUãtVHREMHYXMtSLRQêUVNiVtGOLãW
SRGpONROtQVNpKR~VHNXSUDYREHåQtKR/DEH.ROtQ1RYp'YRU\DGiOHQD6=
]HMP2KUDGDQD-9ýiVODY7\WRQHMVWDUãtRE\WQpDUHiO\WYRtQiVWXSQLFNi~]HPt
v budoucích mikroregionech (3DYO$5XOIDE$QDORJLFNiQDOH]LãWMH
PRåQRRþHNiYDWLYNRXLPVNpPDþHVNREURGVNpPPLNURUHJLRQXQNGHSREOtå
VRXWRNX9êURYN\StSDGQâHPEHU\V/DEHP3URWRåHWRWR~]HPt]DEtUiãLURNi
LQXQGDFH/DEHQHQtY\ORXþHQRåHRþHNiYDQiVtGOLãWEXGRXY]GiOHQDRGGQHãQtKR
WRNXDåHQDStNODG5DGLPMLåSHGVWDYXMHWDNRYpQiVWXSQLFNpVtGOLãWQD9êURYFH
=SURVWRUXQDGROQtPWRNXPHQãtFKSRWRN$E\ORSRVWXSQRWHYtUiQRRVtGOHQtQD
U$]QêFKPtVWHFKSURWLSURXGXSRWRN$9RSWLPiOQtFK~]HPtFKPtVWHFKVHSDN
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s jednotlivými aspekty kultury.
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VYW$SR]QiQtI\]LFNpH[LVWHQFHVXEMHNWLYQt]NXãHQRVWLDWHRUHWLFNpKRSR]QiYDFtKR
procesu (Popper 1993: 9NDåGpP]QLFKO]HMHãWDUWHIDNW\VOHGRYDWY
DQDORJLFNêFKWHFKDVSHNWHFKYODVWQtIRUP\]QDNRYpKRYê]QDPXDWHRUHWLFNpKR
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Yê]GRE\NHUDPLN\NGHMHPRåQRUR]OLãLWYHGOHYODVWQtI\]LNiOQtSRGVWDW\MHãW
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regionu jako artefakt svého druhu. Artefaktuální podstatu archeologie nelze dnes
vymezovat jen typologickou klasifikací, ale je nedílným empirickým základem všech
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absolutní datování.
Z vybraných charakteristik se nejmenší variabilitou projevuje podíl veškeré
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objevuje izolovaný hliník. Vzhledem k mechanismu vzniku keramického odpadu v
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UR]ORK\QiSODYRYêFKKOtQQDRNUDMtFKMHãWRWHYHQêFKtþQtFKWHUDV8VD]HQtSRGREX
GYRXDåWtJHQHUDFtSRWRP]DSt]QLYêFKSRGPtQHNSLVStYDORNQiU$VWXSRSXODFH
NWHUi]DþDODY\KOHGiYDWQRYi~]HPtQDPHQãtFKSRWRFtFK/]HVLSHGVWDYLWåH
z1RYêFK'YRU$E\ORMDNRãLUãt]iMPRYp~]HPt]DXMDWRRGSRþiWNXSRYRGt9UFKOice
YþHWQStWRNX%\ODQN\NWHUpY\åDGRYDORQHYtFHQHåGYKRGLQ\FK$]HY terénu.
7RWR~]HPtPRKOREêWS$YRGQXUþHQRMHQMDNRREODVWGRSONRYpREåLY\N lovu
GLYRNp]YHDVEUXYROQURVWRXFtFKSORGLQDY\PH]HQRMDNSURWLVSt]QQêP
VNXSLQiPQHROLWLN$WDNLSHGSRNOiGDQpPXGRVDYDGQtPXPH]ROLWLFNpPXRVtGOHQt
1HMVWDUãtQDOH]LãWSRORåHQiVURYQDWHOQQDGROQtPWRNXPHQãtKRSRWRNDVHQDFKi]HMt
DåYHY]GiOHQRVWLiGRYGHVHWLNLORPHWU$RGWXGYýiVODYLQDGROQtPWRNX%UVOHQN\D
v.ROtQQDGROQtPWRNX1HERvidského potoka.
Usídlení v%\ODQHFKWHG\SHGSRNOiGDORXUþLWRXGREX~VSãQpKRVtGOHQtY Nových
'YRUHFKQHåGRãORN situaci, kdy bylo nutno hledat nová vhodná místa pro
SVWRYiQtRELOtY rámci vymezeného mikroregionu. KWRPXPRKO\SLVSWLQRY
SLFKi]HMtFtURGLQ\MLPåE\ORQHMVStãH]StEX]HQVNêFKG$YRG$GRYROHQRXVDGLWVH
také vWRPWRSURVWRUXMDNRWRPVYGþtQDOH]LãW+Ot]RY.XWQi+RUDQHERWDNp
0LVNRYLFH-HVWOLåHY%\ODQHFKSUREtKDORQNROLNþDVRYêFK~VHN$EKHPQLFKå
~URYHSRSXODFHQDU$VWDODD]DVHNOHVDODPRKORWRWpåSUREtKDWLQDRVWDWQtFKPtVWHFK
7DPE\YãDNRVtGOHQtQHE\ORREQRYHQRDURGLQ\SRNXGSHåLO\VHSUDYGSRGREQ
VHVWKRYDO\EOtåHNRVWDWQtP/]HVHGRPQtYDWåHWRQHE\O\MHQRSWLPiOQtStURGQt
podmínky v BylanechDOHPRåQiWDNpSURJUHVLYQY]QLNDMtFtVRXVHGVNpY]WDK\NWHUp
QDKUD]RYDO\XåãtURGLQQpYD]E\FRYHGORNHY]QLNXYWãtFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$
V bylanském mikroregionu vznikl podobný areál v mladším období také v poloze
Kutná Hora 2. V jiných mikroregionech mohl být konkrétní vývoj osídlení odlišný,
DYãDN]iNODGQtGHPRJUDILFNêDVSROHþHQVNRHNRQRPLFNêPHFKDQLVPXVE\O]HMP
REGREQê7RXND]XMHSRGREQpUR]ORåHQtFHQWUiOQtFKDPDOêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$SRGpO
StWRN$/DEHD.OHMQiUN\YHVOHGRYDQp oblasti.
1RYêVtGHOQtDUHiONODGOSHGHYãtPSRåDGDYN\QDSVWRYiQtRELOtFRåYStSDG
sekce F v%\ODQHFKPRKORVSORYDWQMDNpSHUXãHQtGXERYpKROHVDMtPåPODEêW
vWpGRENUDMLQDWpPVRXYLVOHSRNU\WD6WDYE\QHROLWLFNêFKGRP$YãDNY\åDGRYDO\
]DþtWLKQHGVNiFHQtPYKRGQêFKNPHQ$DWDNVH]iURYHUR]ãLRYDOSURVWRUSUR
REGOiYiQt1HROLWLFNpGRP\SHGVWDYXMtYGRVDYDGQtPVWHGRHYURSVNpPSUDYNX
]FHODQRYêDUFKLWHNWRQLFNêVW\ONWHUêSHWUYDOVPDOêPLREPQDPLYSU$EKX
QiVOHGXMtFtFKWLVtFLOHWtQNROLNNXOWXUQtFK]PQ.XOWXUDV lineární keramikou
UHSUHVHQWXMHSUYQtFKQNROLNVWROHWtYMHMLFKåSU$EKXVH]iNODGQtSULQFLSYHONpKR
domu sN$ORYRXNRQVWUXNFtXVWiOLO0QLODVHNRQNUpWQtWHFKQLFNiHãHQtMHGQRWOLYêFK
SUYN$WpWRNRQVWUXNFHNWHUiMHSRYDåRYiQD]DRSWLPiOQtHãHQtStVWHãtY daných
StURGQtFKSRGPtQNiFK-HWHG\WDWRDUFKLWHNWXUDMDNêPVLUHNRQVWUXNþQtPW\SHP
RE\GOtSURQHROLWLFNpRE\YDWHOVWYRVWHGQt(YURS\YHVURYQiQtWHEDV kamennou
DUFKLWHNWXURXYH6WHGRPRtQHERKOLQQRXDUFKLWHNWXURX3HGQtKRYêFKRGX
Podobné rozdíly vPDWHULiOXRGSRYtGDMtGDQpPXStURGQtPXSURVWHGt
QH]QDPHQDMtSRGVWDWQêUR]GtOYHVWUXNWXHDUWHIDNW$7RO]HXNi]DWQDILJXUiOQt
plastice, která je v keramickém provedení v%\ODQHFKYHOPLY]iFQi+RMQpKOLQQp
ILJXUN\VHQDFKi]HMtSUiYY oblastech sKOLQQRXDUFKLWHNWXURXDQDRSDNYH
182
6WHGRPRtMVRXEåQSURYHGHQ\]NDPHQH3URWRO]HSHGSRNOiGDWåHY Bylanech
E\ORSRGREQpSHGPW\]KRWRYRYiQ\]HGHYD
3URQHMVWDUãtREGREt/Q.MHFKDUDNWHULVWLFNêW\SGRPXNWHUêVHY\]QDþXMHUHODWLYQ
VODEãtNRQVWUXNFtDMHKRåVWDYEDVSRWHERYDODPpQGHYD7RY\åDGRYDORYQNWHUêFK
StSDGHFK]SHYQQtVWHFK\DVWQYHVWHGQtRE\WQpþiVWLFRåVHDUFKHRORJLFN\
SURMHYXMHSRVWUDQQtPLåOiEN\7HQWRW\SE\OYSU$EKXVWHGQtKRVWXSQ/Q.
Y\VWtGiQYSULQFLSXSHYQMãtNRQVWUXNFtNWHUiSL]DFKRYiQtVWHMQêFKUR]PU$
QHY\åDGRYDODGRGDWHþQp]SHYRYiQtMDNRSHGFKi]HMtFtW\S1RYiNRQVWUXNFHPOD
SDWUQL]GRNRQDOHQpYQLWQtYD]E\MHGQRWOLYêFKSUYN$NWHUpVHYãDNDUFKHRORJLFN\
nedochovaly.
3HGORK\VWDYHEVSUDYR~KORXREGpOQtNRYRXGLVSR]LFtMHQXWQRSRYDåRYDW]D
]iVDGQtLQRYDFLYHVWHGQt(YURS+OLQQêPRGHOWRKRWRW\SXGRPXVHREMHYXMHDå
vPODGRQHROLWLFNpNXOWXHVPDORYDQRXNHUDPLNRXYH6WHOLFtFKQD0RUDY
V Bylanech byl nalezen model „pece“ i ve zlomcích (fototab. 14), který je spíše
PRGHOHPMDNpKRVLVWDUãtKRW\SXGRPXDUFKHRORJLFN\QHGRORåHQpKR9GRE/Q.MLå
existoval jen vREODVWLNXOWXMDNRSLSRPtQNDSHGFKR]tNXOWXUQtHWDS\/LãtVHWDNpRG
PRGHO$] tripilské kultury (Gusev 1995).
Na neolitických sídlištích a také v%\ODQHFKVHQDFKi]HMtYHGOHDG\U$]QYHONêFK
GRP$SR]$VWDWN\VWDYHENWHUpPDMtQiSDGQSHYQRXNRQVWUXNFLDWDNpEêYDMt
DUFKHRORJLFN\YHOPLGREHGRNXPHQWRYiQ\9QLWQtN$O\MVRXEXWRQiSDGQVLOQp
QHERQMDNXSUDYHQ\WHEDS$OHQtP]HVLOQêFKNPHQ$.$O\NRQVWUXNFHMVRX
SUDYLGHOQUR]PtVWQ\YS$GRU\VXSRGREQMDNRN$O\VWQNWHUpO]HGREHVOHGRYDWL
SLMHMLFKVHYHUQtPDMLåQtP]DNRQþHQt9HYQLWQtPSURVWRUXGRP$VHPRKRX
vyskytnout další zahloubené objekty, které vMLQêFKS$GRU\VHFKQHMVRXREY\NOp
6WDYE\MVRXR]QDþRYiQ\Y1L]R]HPtMDNRW\S,DXQiVE\O\LQWHUSUHWDþQ
SRMPHQRYiQ\MDNRVKURPDåRYDFtGRP\Soudský 19663URQL]R]HPVNiVtGOLãWVH
SHGSRNOiGDORåHMHGQDWDNRYiVWDYEDH[LVWRYDODYNDåGpVtGOLãWQtIi]LMDNRVtGOR
QiþHOQtNDQHERMLQpY$GþtRVRE\9NDåGpPStSDGVHMHGQiRVWDYE\YêMLPHþQpD
VYêPNRQVWUXNþQtPSURYHGHQtPLYQLWQtPXVSRiGiQtPPRGHORYp=SRKOHGX
SURVWRURYpKRXVSRiGiQtVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXYãDNQH]DXMtPDMtQMDNRXSR]RUXKRGQRX
QDStNODGFHQWUiOQtSRORKX3OQLO\]HMPVWHMQRXRE\WQRXUROLMDNRMLQpGRP\MHMLFK
QiSDGQiNRQVWUXNFHP$åHEêWSURWRVSRMRYiQDVStãHVYêMLPHþQêPVSROHþHQVNêP
SRVWDYHQtPURGLQ\QHERURGLQNWHUpMHREêYDO\QHåVQMDNRX]YOiãWQtIunkcí
samotné stavby.
$QDOê]DYHOLNRVWLRE\WQêFKþiVWtYãHFKGRP$Y%\ODQHFKXPRåQLODVSROXV dalšími
RGKDG\]iVWDYE\QHSUR]NRXPDQpSORFK\DUHiOX%<RGKDGRYDWSRþW\URGLQNWHUp
]GHåLO\YNDåGpIi]L9êMLPHþQYHONpGRP\VHY Bylanech objevují zpravidla jen
jednou vSU$EKXFHOpKRþDVRYpKRLQWHUYDOXQNROLNDIi]t8Ni]DORVHåHW\WRGRP\
se objevují jen vWFKIi]tFKNG\SRþHWURGLQSHNURþLOXUþLWRXPH]7RXMHYHVWDUãtFK
dvou intervalech šest, v ostatních dvanáct rodin. Samotné velké stavby, soXGDOHVSR
podle keramického odpadu zMHMLFKVWDYHEQtFKNRPSOH[$þDVRYRGSRYtGDMtMHGQp
Ii]LRVtGOHQt7\WRVNXWHþQRVWLQHE\O\GRVXG]QiP\DSRQNXGRGSRUXMtGQHãQtP
ORJLFNêPSHGVWDYiPRSRVWDYHQtY$GþtFKRVREQRVWtYSUDYNêFKNRPXQLWiFK/]H
z toho soXGLWåHY$GþtRVREQRVWLYQHROLWLFNpNRPXQLWE\O\XVWDQRYHQ\MHQQD
vymezenou dobu, a to vREGREtNG\UR]VDKWpWRNRPXQLW\SHNURþLOXUþLWRXSRPUQ
SHVQVWDQRYHQRXGHPRJUDILFNRXKUDQLFL.RPXQLW\RPHQãtPUR]VDKXVHPRKO\
183
VSUDYRYDWVDPRVSUiYQEH]QXWQRVWLLQVWDORYiQtQiþHOQtNDDPLPRiGQpSRGSRU\MHKR
rodiny.
$UFKHRORJLFNpSUDPHQ\QHGRYROXMtVSHFLILNRYDWSRVWDYHQtWpWRY$GþtRVREQRVWLD
UR]OLãLW]GDVHMHGQDORSRVWXSQRÄQiþHOQtND³ÄYHONpKRPXåH³QHERÄVWDHãLQX³
Rozdíly vSRVWDYHQtWFKWRRVREMVRXHWQRJUDILFN\XUþRYiQ\MDNXYiGt9DQGH9HOGH
(1979SRGOHSRVWDYHQt]tVNDQpKRWDNpSRVWXSQGGLþQYODVWQtPSLþLQQtPQHER
YWãtSUHVWLåtQHMVRX]HMPUR]KRGXMtFt-VRXVStãHMHQG$VOHGNHPU$]QpKRSRKOHGX
YFQpKRVXEMHNWLYQtKRDV\PEROLFNpKRNWHUêO]HSRFKRSLWL]KOHGLVNDVLWXDþQt
DQDOê]\ýDVRYRXRPH]HQRVWLQVWLWXFHQiþHOQtNDYHVSRMHQtV velikostí komunity je
QXWQRSRYDåRYDW]DYê]QDPQRXFKDUDNWHULVWLNXVSROHþHQVNpRUJDQL]DFHYGRENXOWXU\
s lineární keramikou.
9QLWQtþOHQQtVWDYHENWHUpMHQHMOpSHSDWUQpXYHONêFKPRGHORYêFKGRP$O]H
UR]OLãLWWDNpXYWãLQ\RVWDWQtFKS$GRU\V$.DåGiVWDYEDE\ODSLUR]HQêP]S$VREHP
GDQêPDGDPLNRQVWUXNþQtFKN$O$þOHQQDSRGpOQQDþW\LSURVWRU\ýW\ORGQt
GORXKêG$PMHKODYQtFKDUDNWHULVWLNRXDUFKLWHNWXU\SRFHORXGREXWUYiQtNXOWXU\
sOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXDSHWUYiYiMHQVPDOêPL]PQDPL i do období kultury
s vypíchanou keramikou. KSRGVWDWQMãt~SUDYYQLWQtNRQVWUXNFHGRFKi]t
vSR]GQQHROLWLFNpPREGREtNG\SRþHWYQLWQtFKWURMLFVHVQtåLOQDWROLNåHSRGpOQp
þOHQQtSUDNWLFN\]DQLNOR9 domech sN$ORYRXNRQVWUXNFtQiVOHGQêFKSUDYNêFK
kultur vQDãLFK]HPtFKGRFKi]tNHVQLåRYiQtSRþWXSRGpOQêFKORGtQDWLDQDNRQHFQD
GY9ê]QDPSRGpOQpKRGOHQtYQLWQtKRSURVWRUXGRP$E\OVStãHMHQGRSONRYê
Y\MPDKODYQtVWHGRYpþiVWLNGHE\O\YHYWãLQStSDG$SUDYLGHOQpDG\
NRQVWUXNþQtFKWURMLF]iPUQQDUXãRYiQ\DE\PRKOEêWSRXåLWHOQêSURVWRUUR]ãtHQL
veVPUXStþQpPQDGORXKRXRVXGRPX
3URYODVWQtIXQNþQtYêNODGQHROLWLFNêFKGRP$MHG$OHåLWpMHMLFKStþQpþOHQQtNWHUp
VHSURMHYXMHU$]QêP]S$VREHPQHMþDVWMLQHVWHMQRPUQêPRGVWXSHPYQLWQtFK
NRQVWUXNþQtFKWURMLFN$O$-iGURGRPXWYRLODYåG\RE\WQiþiVWNWHUiMHR]QDþRYiQD
MDNRVWHGRYiYStSDGåHVWDYEDPODMLåQtLVHYHUQtStVWDYEX+ODYQtSURVWRUGRPX
POEXWRMHGQRGXFKRXQHER]GYRMHQRXYHOLNRVWDE\ORGVHYHUQtSRStSDGMLåQtþiVWL
RGGOHQQHMþDVWMLSRQNXGEOtåHSRVWDYHQRXWURMLFtN$O$DSRGREQêP]S$VREHP
RGGOHQDWDNpQNG\RGVWQ\9ODVWQtVWHGNWHUêMHY popisném schématu D. von
Brandta (1988R]QDþRYiQMDNRWURMLFH4VHY\]QDþXMH]iPUQêPY\ERþHQtP
MHGQRKRN$OX] linie této trojice. V%\ODQHFKVHSURNi]DORåHNU$]QêPIRUPiP
]YOiãWQtKRXVSRiGiQtMDNRMH]DORPHQtWURMLFHQHERVHãLNPHQtWURMLFHN podélné ose,
SDWtL]iPUQpY\QHFKiQtMHGQRKRN$OX'RVXGWRE\ORSRNOiGiQR]DQHGRVWDWHþQRX
HYLGHQFLSLWHUpQQtPYê]NXPXDOHMHGQiVH]HMPRQHMMHGQRGXããt]S$VREUR]ãtHQt
VWHGRYpKRSURVWRUXRE\WQpþiVWLGRPXNGHVHVKURPDåRYDORQHMYtFHRVRE6HP
WDNpO]HXPtVWLWSHGSRNOiGDQpKODYQtRKQLãWQHERSHFNGHVHSLSUDYRYDODSRWUDYD
pro celou rodinu.
6HYHUQtDMLåQtþiVWGRP$MHSHGPWHPU$]QRURGêFKYêNODG$]QLFKåQHO]HY\EUDW
MHGQR]QDþQWHQQHMSUDYGSRGREQMãt-H]HMPpåHMLåQtVWQDGRPXKUiOD
významnou roli v komunikaci domu sMHKRRNROtPDåHYQtE\OXPtVWQKODYQtYFKRG
3RWRPYHVPUXGORXKpRV\VHSRVWXSRYDORGRYQLWQtFKSURVWRUGRPXDPtVWD
Y]GiOHQMãtRGYFKRGXVHY\]QDþRYDODQDU$VWDMtFtLQWLPLWRXSURVWHGt-LåQtþiVWE\OD
QHMStVWXSQMãtDVHYHUQtþiVWQHMX]DYHQMãtStSDGQêPQiYãWYQtN$PSDWUQ]FHOD
QHStVWXSQi9êNODGWpWRþiVWLMDNRPtVWDSURXVWiMHQtGRE\WNDQHPi]DWtPRSRUX
184
våiGQêFKDUFKHRORJLFNêFK]MLãWQtFK3RE\WGRPiFtFK]YtDWXYQLWGRPXQHO]HVLFH
Y\ORXþLW]HMPpQDQHYPLPRiGQêFKVLWXDFtFKMDNRPRKO\EêWWXKp]LP\
V%\ODQHFKDOHQHE\O\SURYHGHQ\IRVIiWRYpDQDOê]\S$GRU\V$NWHUpE\PRKO\WXWR
otázku rozhodnout. Vzhledem kDEVHQFLMLQêFKLQGLFLtMHYãDNXVWiMHQt]YtDWYGRP
PiORSUDYGSRGREQp
2YQMãtPY]KOHGXGRP$O]HXVX]RYDWMHQQHStPRDQD]iNODGUHNRQVWUXNFt6WQ\
E\O\KOLQQpQDSURXWQpNRVWHDPRKODYQLFKEêWPDOiRNpQNDVStãHSURRVYWOHQt
YQLWNXQHåSURYWUiQt9FKRG\YERþQtFKVWQiFKE\O\VStãHYêMLPHþQpDOHVSR
v Bylanech, kde sHQHSRGDLORSURNi]DWQHSUDYLGHOQpQDKURPDGQtRGSDGXSRGpO
GORXKêFKVWQMDNRQDStNODGY Cuiry lès Chaudardes (Ilett – Plateaux – Coudart
1986). .RX]RWHYHQêFKRKQLã"SRStSDG]SHFtXYQLWPXVHOSURFKi]HWNU\WLQRX
VWHFK\DYãHFKQ\RWYRU\YHVWQiFKPRKO\RYOLYRYDWFLUNXODFLY]GXFKXYHYQLWQtP
SURVWRUXSURWRMLFKSDWUQQHE\ORPQRKR1HMQiSDGQMãtE\OD~SUDYDMLåQtVWQ\
SURWRåHN$O\ jsou vWRPWRPtVWXPQRKDGRP$U$]QXVSRiGiQ\1HMþDVWMLMVRX
]GYRMHQpN$O\VWQQNG\SHVDKXMt~URYHYQLWQtFKN$O$QHERVWHGRYêN$OP$åH
Y\ERþRYDW]URYLQ\WURMLFH7\WRGHWDLO\QD]QDþXMtåHQDMLåQtVWUDQQNWHUêFKGRP$
PRKODEêWNRQVWUXRYiQDMDNiVLR]GREQiSHGVWQDVHV\PEROLFNRX~ORKRX]GDOHND
þLWHOQpKRGRPRYQtKR]QDNX9VWXSGRGRPXPRKOEêWWtPWR]S$VREHPSHGHP
UHJXORYiQDWRMDNY$þLRE\YDWHO$PVRXVHGQtFKGRP$WDNLY$þLQH]QiPêP
StFKR]tP%\ODQVNpGRP\MVRXRULHQWRYiQ\VKRGQMDNRGRP\QDMLQêFKþHVNêFK
lokalitách kultury s lineární keramikou, tj. s menší odchylkou k jihu. V konfiguraci
]GHMãtKRWHUpQXMHYãDNWDWRYVWXSQtVWUDQDREUiFHQDVPUHPRGNXGVRWYDE\ORPRåQR
RþHNiYDWStFKRGQMDNpKRQiYãWYQtND3URWRMHStSDGQêV\PEROLFNêYê]QDP
YQMãtKRY]KOHGXQHROLWLFNpDUFKLWHNWXU\Y rámci mimosídelní komunikace zatím
QHY\VYWOLWHOQê
VGORXKêFKGRPHFKVH]HMPVRXVWHRYDO\YãHFKQ\QH]E\WQpþLQQRVWL
QHROLWLFNêFKRE\YDWHOYþHWQYêUREQtFKKRVSRGiVNêFKLNXOWRYQtFKSURWRåHE\O\
YHVPVYi]iQ\QDURGLQQpFHON\3RNXGE\O\VWHMQpþLQQRVWLSURYiGQ\PLPRG$P
SHGQtPQHERQDY]GiOHQMãtFKPtVWHFKE\O\RPH]HQ\St]QLYêPSRþDVtP1DRSDNY
GRPHFKPXVHOEêWGRVWDWHþQêSURVWRUDE\YStSDGSRWHE\PRKO\EêWNRQiQ\L
XYQLW7RE\ORKODYQtPG$YRGHPEXGRYiQtSRPUQYHONêFKVWDYHESURUHODWLYQ
PDOêSRþHWþOHQ$MHGQpStSDGQGYRXURGLQ.URPGRP$QHMVRXQDE\ODQVNpP
VtGOLãWLGRORåHQ\åiGQpGDOãtVWDYE\QHERQDG]HPQtNRQVWUXNFH9êMLPNRXMHRKUDGDX
GRPXStSDGQ]E\WN\SDWUQSRGREQpRKUDG\XGRPX%6RXGVNê966)
XYDåRYDORVSROHþQpPXVWiMHQtGRE\WNDYSURVWRUXSLOpKDMtFtPNHVKURPDåRYDFtPX
domu. Vzhledem kYêãHXYHGHQpSRQNXGRGOLãQpLQWHUSUHWDFLYHONêFKVWDYHEQHQt
DQLWDNRYêYêNODGRKUDG]FHODMHGQR]QDþQê2KUDG\O]HVStãHSRNOiGDW]DGRNODG
LQGLYLGXiOQtKRSRVWDYHQtMHGQRWOLYêFKVWDYHEDMHMLFKRE\YDWHO0RKO\NURPWRKR
SOQLWLGDOãtIXQNFHMDNRE\ORRKUDQLþHQt~]HPtSURQMDNp]YOiãWQt~þHO\PRåQiL
NXOWRYQt6DPRWQpRKUDQLþHQtSURVWRUXMH]HMPSURQHROLW]QDNVHVLOQêP
V\PEROLFNêPREVDKHP-HSRPUQY]iFQpDOHQLNROLYQH]QiPp7DNpRKUDQLþRYiQt
FHOêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$StNRSHPE\OR]QiPRRGSRþiWNXNXOWXU\V lineární
keramikou. V%\ODQHFKQHQtGRORåHQRSHVWRåHYê]NXPSRVWLKOLRNUDMRYpþiVWL
DUHiOX0ODGRQHROLWLFNpStNRS\QHERURQGHO\NWHUêFKMHY%\ODQHFKQNROLNPO\
VSHFLILFNRXKRVSRGiVNRXNXOWRYQtIXQNFL6U$]QêPRKUD]RYiQtPPtVWQDVtGOLãWtFK
sOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXPRKRXPtWMHQYHOPLY]GiOHQpVRXYLVORVWLNG\åE\O\RQNROLN
století starší.
185
.URPRE\WQêFKNRPSRQHQW]DKUQRYDONDåGêQHROLWLFNêVtGHOQtDUHiO%<
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189
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URYQåMHGQRWOLYpGUXK\þLQQRVWtMHMLFKLQWHQ]LWXL~þDVWVSROHþHQVNêFKVNXSLQSRGOH
YNXDURGXYWFKWRþLQQRVWHFK-HGQRWOLYpGUXK\NDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$KUiO\WDNp
mnohostranné symbolické role vU$]QêFKNRQWH[WHFKNDåGRGHQQtKRåLYRWDQD
neolitickém sídlišti, které mohou ukázat postavení nejen celých skupin obyvatel,
VSRMHQêFKGRURGLQDURG$DOHLMHGQRWOLYF$3U$KOHGHPSHVMHGQRWOLYpYUVWY\NWHUp
MVRXYêVOHGNHPVLWXDþQtDQDOê]\DMHMLFKSHNU\WtPVH]QDNRYiKRGQRWDNDPHQQêFK
QiVWURM$REMHYXMHYHYHOPLNRQNUpWQtFKSRGREiFK
=iNODGQtK\SRWp]DSHGSRNOiGiåHSRþHWSRXåtYDQêFKQiVWURM$RGSRYtGiSRþWXOLGt
NWHtMHSRXåtYDOL9MHGQpURYQLFLSDNE\ORPRåQRNRPELQRYDWYtFHSDUDPHWU$MDNRMH
åLYRWQRVWQiVWURM$SRþHWRE\YDWHOGRPXDGpONDWUYiQtMHGQpIi]H3RGRVD]HQt
DOWHUQDWLYQtFKKRGQRWWFKWRSDUDPHWU$E\ORSDNPRåQRY\SRþtVWQHERDOHVSR
SRVRXGLWNWHUêYêVOHGHNMHORJLFN\SLMDWHOQêDWHG\QHMSUDYGSRGREQMãt9StSDG
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$WRMHQiVOHGXMtFt~YDKD3HGSRNOiGiVHVSRWHEDNXV$
EURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$SURMHGQRKRPXåH]DURNDQDOH]HQRE\ORYSU$PUXNXV$
vGRP-HVWOLåHWRWRþtVORSHGVWDYXMHQDOH]HQt±YãHFKS$YRGQSRXåtYDQêFK
QiVWURM$Y\FKi]tRSWLPiOQtRGKDGWUYiQtMHGQpIi]H±OHWDYGRPåLODURGLQD
sPXåLRulf 1991: 326). Vycházíme-li zSRQNXG]MHGQRGXãHQpKRSHGSRNODGX
åHMHGHQPXåVSRWHERYDOVHNHUNXEKHPURNXSRWRPVHRSWLPiOQtSDUDPHWU\EOtåt
SLQDOH]HQtS$YRGQtKRSRþWXQiVWURM$DGpOFHIi]HOHWþtVOX±
PXå$YGRPSURMHGQXURGLQXNDS3URWRåHVHMHGQiRY]iMHPQNRQ]LVWHQWQt
DORJLFN\SLMDWHOQiþtVODMHPRåQRSRGSRLWWH]LåHSRþHWEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$
]REUD]XMHSRþHWPXå$åLMtFtFKYXUþLWpPGRP
8YHGHQêYêSRþHWREVDKXMHQNWHUpãSDWQRGKDGRYDWHOQpKRGQRW\-HWRSHGHYãtP
procento vRGSDGXGRFKRYDQêFKDYê]NXPHP]DFK\FHQêFKQiOH]$DVSRWHED
QiVWURM$QDMHGQRKRþORYND3URWRQHO]HMHGQR]QDþQSHYiGWNRQNUpWQtSRþW\
QiVWURM$QDOH]HQpYNDåGpPGRPQDSRþW\MHKRRE\YDWHO=QDNRYRXKRGQRWX
NDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$YãDNQH]iYLVOHSRWYU]XMHUHODWLYQtSRGtOQDOH]HQêFKDUWHIDNW$
NWHUêSLSDGiQDMHGHQG$P%\O\UR]OLãHQ\GRP\V jednoduchým a zdvojeným
VWHGHPMDNRRE\GOtSLEOLåQMHGQpDGYRXURGLQ5HODWLYQtSRþHWEURXãHQêFK
DUWHIDNW$MHYWFKWRGRPHFKYtFHQHåGYRMQiVREQêNDSDWRYStSDG
YHONêFKLPDOêFKQiVWURM$9StSDGãWtSDQêFKDUWHIDNW$MH]YêãHQtSRPUXX
GYRMLWêFKGRP$MHQPtUQpDVLSDGHViWLSURFHQWQtNDSYStSDGPOêQ$MH
SRQNXGY\ããtDOHQHGRVDKXMHSOQêFKNDS
9]WDKPH]LSRþWHPRE\YDWHOGRPXDSRþWHPMHMLFKQiVWURM$QHQtWXGtå]FHOD
lineární. To vyplývá nejen zUR]GtOQpIXQNFHQiVWURM$DOHSHGHYãtP] jejich
rozdílného vztahu kPXå$PDåHQiPSRStSDGLMHMLFKYNX=DWtPFREURXãHQp
QiVWURMHE\O\VNXWHþQYêKUDGQYXåtYiQtPXå$E\O\ãWtSDQpQiVWURMHSRXåtYiQ\
VSROHþQ/]HVLSHGVWDYLWåHY\WYiHO\MDNRXVLVRXSUDYXH]QêFKQiVWURM$NWHURX
SRWHERYDODNDåGiURGLQD9GRPSDNPRKO\EêWY]iMHPQY\S$MþRYiQ\WDNåH
vGRPVGYPDURGLQDPLQHSRWHERYDOLSUiYMHMLFKGYRMQiVREQêSRþHW5XþQt
POêQN\E\O\QDRSDNSHYiåQSRXåtYiQ\åHQDPLDOHSLSUDYRYDODVHQDQLFKSRWUDYD
SURFHORXURGLQX-HMLFK~þLQQRVWYãDNGRYRORYDODSLSUDYLWGYRMQiVREQpPQRåVWYt
SRWUDY\LQDPHQãtPPQRåVWYtQiVWURM$$QDRSDNWRXND]XMHåHURGLQ\åLMtFtSRG
MHGQRXVWHFKRXVH]HMPVWUDYRYDO\VSROHþQQHERDOHVSRMHMLFKåHQ\YHOPL~]FH
VSROXSUDFRYDO\SL]SUDFRYiQtSRWUDY\3HVWRåHVHMHGQRWOLYpGUXK\NDPHQQêFK
190
QiVWURM$FKRYDMtYGHWDLOHFKRGOLãQYåG\Y\ND]XMtUHODWLYQ]YêãHQêSRþHWY domech
VH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPFRåSRWYU]XMHMHMLFK]QDNRYRXKRGQRWXWRKRWRW\SX
=QDNRYRXKRGQRWXNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$SLSRSLVXLQGH[U$]QêFKHNRQRPLFNêFK
þLQQRVWtDYUXNRXPXå$LåHQU$]QpKRYNXO]HVOHGRYDWSURVWHGQLFWYtPIXQNþQtFK
NODVLILNDFt9HYãHFKNDWHJRULtFKNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$E\ODIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFH
GHILQRYiQDSRPUHPYêãN\NãtFHNWHUêXâ,D%,FKDUDNWHUL]XMH~KHORVWtXPOêQ$
DQDORJLFNêSRPUãtN\N výšce udává masivnost kamene vStþQpPH]X-HGQiVH
WHG\RNODVLILNDFLY\XåtYDMtFtXUþLWpKRPRUIRORJLFNpKR]QDNXVIXQNþQtPYê]QDPHP
NWHUêQDKUD]XMHStVQMãtIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFL7DE\PXVHODEêW]DORåHQDQD
PLNURVNRSLFNêFKVWRSiFKFRåQHE\ORPRåQRY Bylanech zatímXVNXWHþQLW3RNXG
E\ODWDNRYiDQDOê]DSURYiGQDQDMLQêFKPtVWHFKSHGHYãtPQDãWtSDQêFKQiVWURMtFK
XNi]DODåHYWãLQDQiVWURM$E\ODSRXåtYiQDSURU$]Qp~þHO\3URWREêYiMHMLFK
NODVLFNiPRUIRORJLH]DORåHQiQDWYDUXDYHOLNRVWLSURIXQNþQtNODVLILNDFLSRYDåRYiQD
za nepodstatnou.
3URãWtSDQRXLQGXVWULLE\O\WDNWRUR]OLãHQ\QRåHãNUDEDGODDKREOtN\YHGYRX
velikostních skupinách. VUiPFLEURXãHQpLQGXVWULHVHRGGOLO\RVWUpDWXSpVHNHUN\
SRStSDGNOtQ\'ROQtDKRUQtNDPHQ\GYRXGtOQêFKPOêQ$E\O\UR]GOHQ\SRGOHWtG
PDVLYQRVWLMHMLFKSU$H]X9UiPFLâ,MHPRåQRUR]OLãLWYUWiN\MDNRSHYDKRXPXåVNp
QiVWURMHDþHSHOHQHER~ãWS\VROHãWQtPMDNRQiVWURMHåHQ0H]LRVWDWQtPLWYDU\O]H
LQWHUSUHWRYDWYHONpKREOtN\MDNRQiVWURMHVWDUãtFKPXå$DYHONpQRåHMDNRQiVWURMH
PODGãtFKPXå$6EURXãHQêPLQiVWURMLSUDFRYDOLDSULRUQPXåLD] nich jen velké
RVWUpVHNHUN\MHPRåQRSLSVDWPODGãtPMHGLQF$P=POêQ$NWHUpQDRSDNE\O\
SRXåtYiQ\MHQåHQDPLMVRXY\ããtKRUQtNDPHQ\VStãHQiVWURMLPODGãtFKåHQSURWRåH
Y\åDGRYDO\Y\QDNOiGiQtYWãtVtO\SLSUiFL2GSRYtGDMtFtGDWDQHMVRXSUDYLGHOQ
k dispozici ve všech kontextech. VGHYiWpIi]LMVRXRGGOHQ\GRP\D
s velkými hoblíky od domu 680 sYHONêPLQRåLD]iURYHVHYQtY\VN\WXMtSHYDKRX
YHONpRVWUpVHNHUN\7RE\XND]RYDORQDSHYDKXPODGêFKPXå$]HMPpQDYGRP
VPODGãtFKIi]tFKVHQDRSDNY\VN\WQRXLQGLFLHSURStWRPQRVWPODGãtFKåHQMDNRMH
SRGtOY\ããtFKKRUQtFKNDPHQ$YHIi]LQHERSHYDKDQiVWURM$VROHãWQtPYHD
24. fázi.
.DPHQQpQiVWURMHE\ODQVNêFKQHROLWLN$E\O\SRQNROLNVWDOHWtV\PEROHPMHMLFK
postavení vURGLQDURGX1iVWURMHSRXåtYDQpVStãHMHGQRWOLYFLPO\URYQåPQRKHP
YWãtVFKRSQRVW]SURVWHGNRYDWLQIRUPDFLRNRQNUpWQtRVREQHåQiVWURMHVORXåtFtFHOp
VNXSLQQHERURGLQ'RSUYQtVNXSLQ\O]HDGLWMLVWYHONpþHSHORYpQRåHNWHUp
PRKO\VORXåLWLMDNRRVREQt]EUDSHVWRåHGpONDþHSHOtSHVDKXMHMHQYPHQãtPSRþWX
StSDG$SWFHQWLPHWU$6NOiGiQtQiVWURM$GRGHOãtFKRVWtRYãHPQHO]HY\ORXþLW
.RPXQLNDWLYQtUROHãWtSDQêFKDEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$VHPRKODXSODWQLWKODYQY celku
sQiVDGRXMHMtåWYDUDGUREQpGHWDLO\~SUDY\]Y\ãRYDO\MHMLFKLQGLYLGXDOLWX1iVWURMH
QHWYRLO\SDWUQQLMDNRXVWDELOQtRVREQtYêEDYXDOHVStãH]$VWiYDO\YGUåHQtWFKNGR
s nimi delší doEX]DFKi]HOL7RVHSHNUêYDORY rámci rodiny sGUåHQtPY rukou jedné
osoby vGRENG\YQtåLOQDStNODGMHQMHGHQGRVSOêPXå9êMLPNRXE\O\
QHSUDFRYQtYUWDQpPODW\MHMLFKåUROHVNRQþLODQHMVStãHSR~PUWtStVOXãQpRVRE\MHMtå
SUHVWLå]KPRWRYDO\StSDGQY\PHQtPFHOpURGLQ\
âLUãtUROLV\PEROL]XMtFtSRVWDYHQtFHOpURGLQ\KUiO\NDPHQQpPOêQ\FRåE\ORGiQR
MHGQDNMHMLFKXåLWNRYRXIXQNFtDOHWDNpPpQVQDGQRXSHQRVLWHOQRVWt6HNXQGiUQt
Y\XåtYiQtPOêQ$YGODåESHFtYHGOHDPRUIQtFKNDPHQ$není v%\ODQHFKStOLãþDVWp
191
6StãHãORMHQR]XåLWNRYiQtVtGOLãWQtKRRGSDGXQHåRQMDNêYODVWQLFNêY]WDKSURWRåH
WDWRGODåEDQHE\ODVWHMQSRGYêPD]HPSRGODK\SHFHYLGLWHOQi9êMLPHþQpMHWDNp
QDKURPDGQtPOêQ$YMiPSLMLKRYêFKRGQtVWUDQYHONpKRGRPu 912. Skupina je
VORåHQDVLFHMHQ]GiOHMLåQHSRXåLWHOQêFK]ORPN$DOHMHMtV\PEROLFNiKRGQRWD
v souvislosti sYêMLPHþQRXUROtWRKRWRGRPXQHQtY\ORXþHQD.DPHQQpQiVWURMHE\O\
sYHONRXSUDYGSRGREQRVWtWDNpSHGPWHPGDU$XYQLWVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXLPLPRQM
0OêQ\DSHGHYãtPKRUQtNDPHQ\PRKO\EêWWDNpVRXþiVWtYQDNWHUpSLQiãHODåHQD
do nové rodiny. VRGSDGXVHVWRS\WDNRYpKRMHGQiQtQHSURMHYtVQDGMHQQNROLN
StSDG$]FHODYêMLPHþQpVXURYLQ\E\PRKORSDWLWGRWpWRNDWHJRULH
8.5. Rody, rodiny a sousedé (keramické nádoby a jejich výzdoba)
Nádoby kultury sOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXVHDGtGR]ERåtNXOWXUVSRþtQDMtFtNHUDPLFNRX
YêURERXYHYQLWUR]HPVNêFKREODVWHFKNWHUi]DKUQXMt]iNODGQtVSHNWUXPWtKODYQtFK
WYDU$RGOLãXMtFtFKVHWYDUHP~VWt0LVN\SRORNXORYLWpQiGRE\DODKYHVHY\]QDþXMt
UR]GtOQRXGRVWXSQRVWtREVDKXFRåGRVWDWHþQSRNUêYiYãHFKQ\SRWHEQpIXQNFH
våLYRWQHROLWLFNpVSROHþQRVWL=iNODGQtWYDU\MVRXSRGOHSRWHE\]KRWRYRYiQ\
vU$]QêFKYHOLNRVWHFKMDNSURLQGLYLGXiOQtSRWHEXV obsahem PHQãtPQHåOWDNL
SURVNXSLQRYRXSRWHEXVREVDKHPiGRYODSURXNOiGiQt]iVREVREVDKHPDå
QNROLNDGHVtWHNOLWU$3LEOLåQMHGQDWHWLQDQiGRESHGHYãtPPHQãtFKUR]PU$MH
QDYQMãtVWUDQSRNU\WDRUQDPHQWHPU\WêPGRQHY\SiOHQpKOtQ\7DWRYê]GREDQHQt
SRXKêPHVWHWLFNêPGRSONHPDOHPiSHYDKRXFKDUDNWHUV\PEROLFNpRFKUDQ\REVDKX
QiGRE.URPWRKRMHGQRGXFKêPLSURVWHGN\DRPH]HQêPSRþWHP]QDN$SRSLVXMH
URGRYRXStVOXãQRVWMHGQRWOLYF$
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sSRXåLWtPDQRUJDQLFNpKRRVWLYD9QHMVWDUãtPREGREtPRKO\EêWQNWHUpKUXEãtWYDU\
VSHYDKRXRUJDQLFNpKRRVWLYDSURYHGHQ\WHFKQLNRXVSRMRYiQtYWãtFKSODFHN
PDWHULiOX.HUDPLNDQHE\ODVRXþiVWtVSHFLDOL]RYDQpYêURE\DåHQ\VHMtQHYQRYDO\
SRFHOêURN6StãHWRE\ODNUiWNRGREiDVH]yQQt]iOHåLWRVW1iGRE\VHSRGOHSRWHE\
]KRWRYRYDO\QHMVStãHRGGOHQYNDåGpPGRPDSHGSRNOiGDODVHXQLYHU]iOQt
]UXþQRVWåHQSRGREQMDNRSL]KRWRYRYiQtMLQêFKGUXK$DUWHIDNW$9\þtVOHQê
NRHILFLHQWSUDFQRVWLNWHUêWXWRþLQQRVWFKDUDNWHUL]XMHMHYãDNY bylanském areálu
UR]ORåHQQHQiKRGQWDNåHMHKRKRGQRW\SRVWXSQNOHVDMtRGMHGQRKRQHERGYRX
GRP$VQHMY\ããtKRGQRWRX7DNWRMVRXSR]RURYiQ\XUþLWpYêUREQtRNUXK\NWHUp
PRKRXQD]QDþRYDWEXWRQMDNiY]QLNDMtFtYêUREQtFHQWUDY rámci domácké výroby,
QHERVStãHY\ããtStEX]HQVNpFHON\1HO]HY\ORXþLWDQLUR]GtOQRXYNRYRXVWUXNWXUX
kdy domy, vQLFKåNHUDPLNX]KRWRYRYDO\VWDUãtD]NXãHQMãtåHQ\RENORSRYDO\
QDRSDNGRP\YHNWHUêFKNHUDPLNXGODO\MHQPpQ]NXãHQpQHERPpQ]UXþQpåHQ\
=HYãHFKDUWHIDNW$MVRXQiGRE\DMHMLFKþiVWLQHMSHVQMãtPREUD]HPSRþWXRE\YDWHO
vGRP.G\åVHY\þtVOtVSHFLILFNêSRþHWMHGQRWOLYêFKþiVWtWYDU$QDOH]HQêFKY
RGSDGXXGRP$VMHGQRGXFKêPD]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPMDNRSRPUSRþWXWFKWR
]ORPN$DSRþWXGRP$SRWRPXYWãtFKGRP$MHWRYåG\RQFRYtFHQHåGYRMQiVREHN
NDS9êVOHGQêUHODWLYQtSRGtOQiGRE]FHODSHVQRGSRYtGiSHGSRNODGXåH
vGRPHFKVH]GYRMHQêPVWHGHPåLO]KUXEDGYRMQiVREQêSRþHWOLGtQHåY domech
sMHGQRGXFKêPVWHGHP1HO]HWtPWR]S$VREHPVLFHVWDQRYLWDEVROXWQtSRþHWRE\YDWHO
DYãDN]QDNRYiKRGQRWDWYDU$MDNRLNRQXRE\YDWHOYGRPMHWtPWRMDVQXNi]iQD
=iURYHWRSHGSRNOiGiåHQiGRE\VHGDMtUR]GOLWQDW\NWHUpE\O\SRXåtYiQ\
192
LQGLYLGXiOQDRVWDWQtSRXåtYDQpVNXSLQRY3RGOHWRKRE\POY domech existovat
SURNDåGpKRMHGQRWOLYFHXUþLWêVRXERUQiGREtNWHUêE\OSRGOHSRWHE\GRSORYiQD
REQRYRYiQ/LQHiUQtNHUDPLNDPODSURWRY Bylanech velmi specificky vymezenou
demografickou funkci.
7YDU\NWHUpE\O\NODVLILNRYiQ\SRGOHKODYQtKRIXQNþQtKR]QDNXMDNêPMHVNORQ
okraje, se vUiPFLVtGOLãWQtFKIi]tVHVNXSXMtGRVNXSLQNWHUpPRKRXEêWR]QDþHQ\MDNR
VRXERU\QiGREXUþHQpSURMLVWpVSROHþQpþLQQRVWL7\WRIXQNþQtVDG\MVRXLQGH[HP
KODYQtFKþLQQRVWtQDVtGOLãWLSLQLFKåE\ODSRXåtYiQDNHUDPLNDNDS
3HGHYãtPVHRGGOLO\YHONpODKYRYLWp]iVREQLFHVORXåtFtQDXVNODGQQt]UQtDOH
PRåQiLMLQpSRWUDY\QHERMLQêFKWHNXWLQQDStNODGSLYDNWHUpVHPRKOR]RELOt
Y\UiEW9HGOHQLFKH[LVWRYDODVDGDSWLWYDU$MHåMVRXY\NOiGiQ\MDNRVRXERUQiGRE
pro manipulaci sYRGRX9RGDMDNRMHGQD]SUYRDGêFKåLYRWQtFKSRWHEPXVHODEêW
GRQiãHQD]HMP] blízkého potoka, dnešní Bylanky, nebo také zSUDPHQ$]QLFKå
QHMPpQGYDH[LVWRYDO\SDWUQ]DMLKR]iSDGQtKUDQLFtVtGHOQtKRDUHiOX%\ODQ\
-HGQDORVHQHMHQRSLWQRXYRGXDYRGXQDYDHQtDOHWDNpRGDOãtSRWHE\SHGHYãtP
K\JLHQLFNp=EêYDMtFtIXQNþQtW\S\VHGDMtUR]GOLWMHãWQDWLPHQãtVNXSLQ\YQLFKå
MVRX]DVWRXSHQ\WYDU\QDStSUDYXDVNODGRYiQtSRWUDY\DQDSHGNOiGiQtWHNXWpL
SHYQpVWUDY\=HVORåHQtWFKWR~þHORYêFKVDGQiGREMHPRåQRXVX]RYDWQD]iNODGQt
]S$VRE\VWRORYiQt9HGOHSHGSRNOiGDQêFKGHYQêFKQiGREE\OD]HMPSURNDåGpKR
MHGLQFHY\KUD]HQDQHMPpQMHGQDSORFKiPLVNDW\S)DPHQãtSRORNXORYLWiQiGRED
W\S)3RVOHGQXYHGHQpMVRXSRWRPG$OHåLWpSURGDOãtYêNODGMHMLFKRUQDPHQWX
-HGQRWOLYpIXQNþQtVDG\QiGREQHE\O\YGRPHFKUR]ORåHQ\QiKRGQDOH
vQHVWHMQêFKSRPUHFK]HMPMDNRG$VOHGHN]FHODNonkrétních událostí vNDåGpP
GRP-HWHG\PRåQRUR]OLãLWGRP\YQLFKåVHYtFHSRXåtYDO\QiGRE\QDSHGNOiGiQt
SRWUDY\DGRP\NGHSHYDåRYDO\QiGRE\QD]SUDFRYiQtDNUiWNRGREpVNODGRYiQt
2ERMtQHMVRXSURVWRURYQLMDNQiSDGQVHVNXSHQ\Y jednotlivých fázích. Lze soudit,
åHQLåãtSRGtONHUDPLN\SLVWRORYiQtE\OGRSORYiQGHYQêPLQiGREDPLNWHUpMLå
vQHROLWXE\O\SDWUQPpQKRGQRWQpSURWRåHMHMLFKYêUREDY\åDGRYDODPpQ
pracovních etap. Jejich obyvatelé byli vWRPWRVP\VOXFKXGãtQHåY ostatních domech.
=YOiãWQtSRVWDYHQt]DXMtPDMtGRP\YHNWHUêSHYDåXMtVDG\QiGREQDPDQLSXODFL
s vodou. Všechny se nacházejí vSU$PUXEOtåHNSRWRN$PQHåRVWDWQtGRP\YNDåGp
Ii]L7tPVHQHStPRSRWYU]XMHWDNpLQWHUSUHWDFHWpWRVDG\IXQNþQtFKW\S$SURWRåH
PHQãtY]GiOHQRVWRG]GURMHYRG\DWHG\MHMtVQDGQMãtGRQiãHQtYHGORQHFKWQ
kþDVWMãtPDQLSXODFLVYRGRXDWXGtåLYWãtVSRWHEWFKWRQiGRE
7YDU\QHROLWLFNpNHUDPLN\QDE\ODQVNpPVtGOLãWLSLVStYDO\]QDþQRXPURXNH
]YêãHQtNRPXQLNDFHXYQLWGRP$LPH]LQLPL=HWQRJUDILFNêFKSUDPHQ$MH]QiPR
åHSUiYREVWDUiYiQtYRG\NG\åHQ\GRFKi]HMtN potoku nebo prameni, vede
kQHMEåQMãtPXDQHMþDVWMãtPXNRQWDNWXPH]LVRXVHGQtPLURGLQDPL9 Bylanech se
VLFHQHQDOH]O\åiGQpVWXGQ\NWHUpLQDMLQêFKPtVWHFKMVRXYHOPLY]iFQpDOHEOt]Nê
potok, který nebyl snadno dostupný podél celého toku, sehrál stejnou úlohu. Cesty pro
YRGXEêYDMtWDNpR]QDþRYiQ\MDNRQHMþDVWMãtStþLQDSRãNR]HQtQiGREDSURWRREQRYD
WFKWRVDGY\åDGRYDODWUYDOp~VLOtDSR]RUQRVWEKHPYêURE\NHUDPLN\9QMãt
komunikace, vQtåWYDU\KUiO\G$OHåLWRX~ORKXVH]Y\ãRYDODSHGHYãtPYGRENG\
RE\YDWHOpMLQêFKGRP$QHERLFL]LQFLE\OLSL]YiQLNHVWRORYiQt=GDSURW\WRFL]t
QiYãWYQtN\E\O\Y\KUD]HQ\MHQQH]GREHQpWYDU\VHO]HMHQGRPQtYDW
193
9HYWãLQQHROLWLFNêFKNXOWXUMHMLFKåKRVSRGiVWYtSHGVWDYXMHQDVWXSXMtFtREåLYX
]DORåHQRXQDNRQ]XPDFLGRPHVWLNRYDQêFKURVWOLQD]YtDWVH]SRþiWNXVHWNiYiPHVH
]GREHQRXNHUDPLNRXMHMtåYê]GREDMHSURYHGHQDUR]GtOQêPLWHFKQLNDPLDY\XåtYiL
U$]QêFKRUQDPHQWiOQtFKQiPW$3RGREQMDNR]iNODGQtWLWYDU\NWHUpPXVHO\SRNUêW
YãHFKQ\SRåDGRYDQpIXQNFHO]HYê]GREXOLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\YQtPDWMDNRSLUR]HQRX
RGSRYQDStURGQtSRGPtQN\PtUQpKRHYURSVNpKRSiVPD2UQDPHQWiOQtMHGQRWD
OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\QDUR]ViKOpP~]HPtMHVStãHYêUD]HPIXQNþQtDV\PEROLFNp
MHGQRW\WpWRDUFKHRORJLFNpNXOWXU\QHåWHEDVSROHþQpKRMD]\ND9HOPLSRGREQp
]GREHQtQiGREQDãLURNpP~]HPtUR]ãtHQtWpWRNXOWXU\NWHUpEH]SRGUREQMãtKR
UR]ERUXQHO]HUR]OLãLWSHGSRNOiGiQHMHQVKRGQpSULQFLS\YêURE\QiGREDOHFHOp
VSROHþHQVNpRUJDQL]DFHDWDNpVSROHþHQVNpKRSRVWDYHQtåHQNWHUpE\O\DXWRUNDPL
]GREHQt3LMDWHOQêMHPRGHOYLULORNiOQtVSROHþQRVWLV matrilineární posloupností,
kQPXåGRVSO9DQGH9HOGH19793RGOHQKRMHPtVWQtNRQWLQXLWDXGUåRYiQD
PXåLNWHtEXGXMtRE\WQpDUHiO\DVSUDYXMtMHMLFKKRVSRGiVWYtDOHNRQWLQXLWDURGXD
YGRPtURGLQQpStVOXãQRVWLMH]iOHåLWRVWtåHQ
âLURNiNXOWXUQtMHGQRWDOLQHiUQtKRRUQDPHQWXVHSURMHYXMHSHGHYãtPY technikách
Yê]GRE\NWHUpE\O\MLåGtYHUR]SR]QiQ\MDNRFKURQRORJLFN\QHMFLWOLYMãtSUYHN
Yê]GRE\QiGRESRGOHQKRåMVRXXWYiHQ\þDVRYpKRUL]RQW\-DNRGUXKRXVWUDQXWpåH
PLQFHY\]QDþXMtYê]GREQpWHFKQLN\WDNpSURVWRURYRXMHGQRWXNXOWXU\DFKDUDNWHUL]XMt
SHGHYãtPJHRJUDILFNpþOHQQtDUHJLRQDOL]DFLFHOpREODVWLRG]iSDGQt8NUDMLQ\DåSR
%HOJLL9ê]GREQpQiPW\MHMLFKåFKURQRORJLFNêYê]QDPQHE\OQLNG\SURNi]iQ
UHDJXMtPQRKHPFLWOLYMLQDYQLWQtXVSRiGiQtVSROHþQRVWL2GSRþiWNXRVtGOHQt
v Bylanech, ale i na jiných místech nejstarší lineární keramiky výHFKiFKVH
VHWNiYiPHVHVWDELOL]RYDQêPV\VWpPHPRUQDPHQWiOQtFKSUYN$NWHUpSHGVWDYXMtMLå
]QDþQDEVWUDKRYDQpUHiOQpStURGQtSHGORK\
2MHGLQOêPStSDGHPNG\VHPRWLY\SDUDOHOQRSDNXMtYHGOHVHEHDGRYROXMtWDN
MHGQR]QDþQXYDåRYDWRYê]QDPXRUQDPHQWX]UHiOQpSHGORK\MHQiGRED] objektu
2223 v Bylanech (tab. 19: 2). Vedle zoomorfních oušek tvaru kozoroha se na ní
QDFKi]tSURWLOHKOiGYRMLWiiþNRYiVSLUiOD-HMLFKY]iMHPQiYê]QDPRYiLGHQWLWDMH
HYLGHQWQt2MLQêFKQiPWHFKWRY]KOHGHPNHVFKHPDWL]DFLPRWLY$QHO]HtFL6WXSH
DEVWUDNFHSLUR]HQêFKSHGORKSRGREQMDNRXYHGHQêStNODGXND]XMHQDWRåH
PRWLY\Yê]GRE\OLQHiUQtNHUDPLN\Y]QLNDO\GORXKRSHGWtPQHåVHMHMtYêUREFL
usídlili v Bylanech. VýklaGMHGQRWOLYêFKQiPW$DMHMLFKXVSRiGiQtQDQiGREL
vU$]QêFKþDVRYêFKYUVWYiFKDVtGHOQtFKNRQWH[WHFKVHVWDO]iNODGHPGHãLIURYiQt
lineární výzdoby.
3LSRGUREQMãtPSRKOHGXQDFHOHNOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\Y Bylanech, který na jednom
VtGHOQtPDUHiOXSRVWUiGiJHRJUDILFNêUR]PUDMHSLWRPGREHXVSRiGiQYþDVHVH
XND]XMHåHNURPWHFKQLN\Yê]GRE\WDNpXUþLWêVW\OXVSRiGiQtPRWLY$SURFKi]HO
YêYRMHP=SRþiWNX%&VHQDKOXERNêFKPLVNiFKREMHYXMtY Bylanech
EXWRVYD]N\~VHþHNQHERREORXþN\1DSRORNXORYLWêFKQiGREiFKMVRXWRSURWLOHKOp
VSLUiO\DQDODKYtFKYtFHQiVREQpVSLUiO\QNG\GRSOQQpDQWURSRPRUIQtPPRWLYHP
SRGRNUDMHP0QRåVWYt]iNODGQtFKPRWLY$VH]GiEêW]QDþQRPH]HQpDMVRXNUHVOHQ\
RGGOHQYHVW\OXMHGQRWOLYêFKSUYN$+OXERNpPLVN\VYRMtYHOLNRVWtSDWUQQHVORXåLO\
kLQGLYLGXiOQtVSRWHEDOHSURVWRORYiQtFHOpURGLQ\-HGQRWOLYFLVQDGSRXåtYDOL
þDVWMãtGHYQpQiGREt3URWR]HMPRUQDPHQWQHSRSLVRYDOMHGQRWOLYFHDOHSRGREQ
jako vPRGHUQtGREMPpQRVStãHMHKRURGRYRXStVOXãQRVWPRåQiLMHQYHOPL
194
Y]GiOHQRXDP\WLFNRX7RQHSODWtRYãHPRYãHFKQiGREiFKSURWRåHE\O\PH]LQLPLL
jiné sPpQVQDGQRY\VYWOLWHOQêPXUþHQtP
.HNRQFLQHMVWDUãtKRVWXSQDY klasickém období lineární keramiky (5420 – 5180
%&NWHUp]DKUQXMHGUXKêDåþWYUWêLQWHUYDOE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWVHYê]GREQêVW\O
SURPXMHDSRþHWQiPW$QDU$VWiVWHMQMDNRSRþHWMHMLFKYDULDQWNDS
+ODYQtUROLKUDMHQ\QtVSLUiODDNOLNDWNDDREMHYXMHVHNODVLFNêREåQêVW\ONG\MH
RSDNXMtFtVHPRWLYNUHVOHQMDNRE\MHGQtPWDKHPRNRORVWQ\QiGRE\9ê]GRED
PHQãtFKSRORNXORYLWêFKWYDU$SHGHYãtPWFKNWHUpE\O\XUþHQ\SURLQGLYLGXiOQt
VSRWHEXSDWUQSRSLVXMHURGRNPHQWFKWRRVRE-DNRE\REVDKRUQDPHQWXVHVWRXSLOR
MHGQXURYLQXVSROHþHQVNpKRXVSRiGiQtQtåHDV\PEROLFNêP]REUD]HQtP
pojmenovává rodinu dané osoby. Rektilineární a kurvilineární provedení linearity je
GRMLVWpPtU\HNYLYDOHQWQtDWDNpMHKRNYDQWLWDWLYQtSRPU]$VWiYiEKHPYêYRMHVWiOê
Kurvilineární výzdoba zastupuje otce rodu, podle analogie s uvedenou bylanskou
VRXEåQRXYê]GRERXQDMHGQpQiGREUHNWLOLQHiUQtMHKRSURWLSyOPDWNXURGXNDS
6WDUãtP\WLFNêS$YRGP$åHEêWSLSRPtQiQ]PHQãHQêPLPRWLY\
vGRSONRYpPRUQDPHQWX1DNRQHFYNRVREPRåQi]DFK\FXMHSRþHWOLQHNSRG
RNUDMHPSLþHPåOLFKêDVXGêSRþHWWFKWROLQHNKUDMH]DWtPQH]QiPRXUROLNWHUiVH
projevuje jako odlišná struktura jejich výskytu v kontextech.
=iNODGQtYê]GREQpPRWLY\KODYQtKRRUQDPHQWXY\WYiHMtWDNWRGYRMLFHYHNWHUêFK
MHPRåQRVSDWRYDWV\PEROLFNpY\MiGHQtS$YRGXRE\YDWHOE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWSDWUQ
MHãWVQMDNêPãLUãtPREVDKHPDQNG\LYStPpPY]WDKXNMHGQRWOLYF$P
1HMþDVWMãtMHGYRMLFHNOLNDWN\DVSLUiO\MHMLFKåYDULDQW\QHE\OR]DWtPPRåQRVOHGRYDW
Y]KOHGHPNH]ORPNRYLWRVWLQiOH]$.OLNDWNDVHMHãWSRMtV protilehlou spirálou nebo
]GYRMHQêPLREORXþN\NWHUpY mladším období splývají sJLUODQGRX6DPRVWDWQVH
RGGOXMtMHGQRWOLYpREORXþN\VSROXVNUiWNêPL~VHþNDPL-HMLFKUROHMHY klasickém
REGREtRNUDMRYiSRGREQMDNRMHUROHGYRMLFHSUDYR~KOpKRPHDQGUXDX]DYHQêFK
NUXK$REUD±E3RGREQpGYRMLFHO]HXUþLWLPH]LGRSONRYêPLRUQDPHQW\
MHMLFKåYDULDELOLWDMHYWãtREUFSURWRåHPHQãtY]RU\MVRXQDVWHSHFKOpSH
UR]H]QDWHOQp7RXND]XMHåHLYHONpPRWLY\PRKO\PtWYtFHYDULDQWD]SURVWHGNRYDO\
SURWRSRGUREQMãtLQIRUPDFH
V nejmladším období (5160 – 5020 B.C.) se však klasický ornamentální systém
UR]SDGi1DMHGQpVWUDQVHKODYQtPRWLY\QiVREtDEêYDMtNUHVOHQ\YHOPLKXVW
vXUþLWpPVWUDFKX] prázdného míVWDDQDGUXKpVWUDQSLEêYiRUQDPHQW$]FHOD
QHSUDYLGHOQSURYHGHQêFK7HQWRSURFHVP$åHWDNpRGUiåHWQDU$VWiQtVRXVHGVNêFK
Y]WDK$YUiPFLVtGHOQtKRDUHiOXNWHUpSRVWXSQQDKUD]RYDO\Y]WDK\URGRYp
VSRVOHGQtPStSDGUR]SDGDMtFtKRVHVW\OXOLQHiUQtYê]GRE\VHP$åHMHGQDWRY\ããt
SRGtOPODGãtFKåHQNWHUpYê]GREXGODO\DQHE\O\GRVWDWHþQ]UXþQpD]iURYHR
]WUiWXYGRPRVWtRKODYQtPVP\VOXRUQDPHQWXY klasickém období. S prvním
G$YRGHPNRUHVSRQGXMtGDOãtLQGLFLHRFHONRYpPSRNOHVXSU$PUQpKRYNXE\ODQVNp
populace vQHMPODGãtFKVtGHOQtFKIi]tFK'UXKêG$YRGE\RGSRYtGDOãLUãtP
VSROHþHQVNêP]PQiPNQLPåGRFKi]HORYHYêYRMLNXOWXU\VOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXSR
SHGFKi]HMtFtFKãHVWLVWROHWtFKDNWHUpYHGO\NHY]QLNXY\StFKDQpNHUDPLN\
2UQDPHQWiOQtV\VWpPWpWRQRYpDUFKHRORJLFNpNXOWXU\SHGVWDYRYDQêWpPYêKUDGQ
NURNYLFtPO]HMPRGOLãQRXLQIRUPDþQt~ORKX
Úloha keramiky våLYRWE\ODQVNêFKQHROLWLN$E\VHQHPODSHFHRYDWSURWRåHVH
nemusí shodovat s jejím archeologickým významem. Ten je dán dobrým zachováním
195
NHUDPLFNêFKDUWHIDNW$NWHUpMVRXWDN]YêKRGQQ\RSURWLMLQêPQHGRFKRYDQêP
DUWHIDNW$PMHMLFKåUROHPRKODEêWVWHMQiQHERLY\ããtQHåXQiGRE9ãHVWUDQQRVW
LQIRUPDFH]SURVWHGNRYDQpQiGREDPLMHMHãW]G$UD]QQDYStSDGOLQHiUQtNHUDPLky
MHMt]GREQRVWt9ê]GREDDMHMtQiPW\PRKO\PtWHWQLFNêYê]QDPVURYQDWHOQê
sMD]\NHP]DSRGPtQN\åHMHMtRUQDPHQWPOGRVWDWHþQRXLQIRUPDþQtKRGQRWX
Pokud by lineární výzdoba byla natolik spojena sU$]QêPLVORåNDPLQHROLWLFNp
VSROHþQRVWLMDNQD]QDþXMHDQDOê]DE\ODQVNpKRVtGOLãWSRWRPE\E\ODYKRGQêP
SURVWHGNHPV\PEROLFNpKR]REUD]HQtQHMHQURGRYêFKDStEX]HQVNêFKY]WDK$DOHL
YNRYpKRVORåHQtDVSROHþHQVNpKRRGVWXSRYiQt.HUDPLFNêLQYHQWiYRGSDGXVH
SLYHONêFKGRPHFKYãDNYWRPWRVP\VOXStOLãQHRGOLãXMHRGRVWDWQtFK1iSDGQ
RGOLãQêVRXERUQiGREVHQDFKi]tYêMLPHþQDQHMþDVWMLY objektech mimo domy, jako
MHQDStNODGMiPDV modelem pece a dalšími neobvyklými prvky.
Lineární keramika a její výzdoba jsou v Bylanech také záznamem tradice, která je
srovnatelná svojí kvalitou s~VWQtWUDGLFtPtVWDNGHOLGpåLOLSRQNROLNVWDOHWt7DWR
WUDGLFHP$åHEêWXWYiHQDSRGREQMDNRYê]GREQpVW\O\QDQiGREiFK1DSRþiWNXVH
mohla skládat zMHGQRWOLYêFKStEK$NWHUpVOHGRYDO\RGGOHQpRVXG\OLGtNWHtGR
WFKWRPtVWSLFKi]HOL3RVWXSQQDEêYDODQDNRPSOH[QRVWLDVORåLWRVWLNG\åVHRVXG\
MHGQRWOLYF$DMHMLFKURGLQ]DþDO\SUROtQDWDE\Y]iYUXE\ODQDWROLNVORåLWiDå
GHIRUPRYDQiåHSHVWDODGiYDWVP\VODPXVHODEêWQDKUD]HQDQRYRX
8.6. Odkaz kultury s lineární keramikou
Kultura sOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXSHGVWDYXMHSUYQtGORXKRGREpRVtGOHQtQDãLFK]HPt
lidem sQHROLWLFNêPKRVSRGiVWYtP3URMHYXMHVHMDNRSOQY\YLQXWiNXOWXUDVHYãHPL
DWULEXW\QHROLWXMDNêPLE\ORSVWRYiQtGRPHVWLNRYDQêFKURVWOLQFKRYGRPiFtFK
]YtDWYêUREDNHUDPLN\SRXåtYiQtãWtSDQêFKDEURXãHQêFKQiVWURM$DY neposlední
DGVWDYEDGORXKêFKGRP$QHEROpSHNRPSOH[QtFKDVREVWDþQêFKKRVSRGiVWYt
3UDYNpGMLQ\QNROLNDPDOêFKNRPXQLWNWHUpSURåLO\VY$MåLYRWQDPtVWGQHãQtFK
Bylan a vMHMLFKRNROtE\O\DUFKHRORJLFN\GREHGRNXPHQWRYiQ\SHVWRåHQHE\OFHOê
osidlovaný areál prozkoumán. Neolitické Bylany tak zastupují prvních osm set let v
NXOWXUQtFKGMLQiFKWRKRWRUHJLRQX
ÒORKXSHGFKi]HMtFtKRRVtGOHQtO]H]DWtPVStãHMHQWXãLWQHåSRGUREQMLSRSVDW1HQt
Y\ORXþHQRåHVWDUãtPH]ROLWLFLSLSUDYLOLVYêP]S$VREHPSURVWRUSURYODVWQtQHROLWLN\
3RXåtYDOLWRWLåREþDVQp]iPUQpY\SDORYiQtOHVDSURSRVtOHQtLQWHQ]LYQtKRORYX
(Zvelebil 1994: 49SURWRMHPRåQRSHGSRNOiGDWåHMHGQRWDNRYpY\SiOHQp~]HPt
Y\XåLOLQHROLWLFLSUR]DORåHQtVYêFKGRP$0XVHORE\N tomu dojít na sekci F, avšak
StPpGRNODG\VFKi]t0H]ROLWLFNp]QDORVWLWHFKQRORJLHNDPHQQêFKQiVWURM$VHDQL
vSRþiWFtFKDQLSR]GMLQDQHROLWLFNêFKVtGOLãWtFKQHSUojevily (Vencl 1971DOHRSW
QHO]HY\ORXþLWåHPH]ROLWLFLSRPRKOLVYêPQRYêPVRXVHG$PV orientací v nové
NUDMLQD]QDORVWtVXURYLQRYêFK]GURM$'QHVMH]QiPRåHWHFKQRORJLHNHUDPLN\QHQt
QH]E\WQQHROLWLFNêPY\QiOH]HPDåHPH]ROLWLFLMLVStãHQHSRWHERYDOLQHåDE\MLP
MHMtYêUREDE\OD]FHODQH]QiPD([LVWHQFLPH]ROLWLFNpNHUDPLN\E\PRKORHãLWMHQ
QiKRGQpREMHYHQtVRXþDVQêFKPH]ROLWLFNêFKVtGHOQtFKDUHiO$þDVRYVRXEåQêFK
s bylanským.
196
/pSHQHåSHGFKi]HMtFtRVtGOHQtMH]QiPRQiVOHGXMtFtSRNUDþRYiQtE\ODQVNpKR
osídlení kultury sOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRX3RNUDþRYDORYSU$EKXQHMVWDUãtKRREGREt
kultury s vypíchanou keramikou, avšak vMLQpPRE\WQpPDUHiOXQHåNWHUêE\O]DWtP
v Bylanech prozkoumán. VWRPWRVP\VOXQHO]H]DWtPXNi]DWSHVQQDPtVWRNDPse
RGVWKRYDOLSRVOHGQtRE\YDWHOpE\ODQVNpGYDFiWpSiWpIi]H1iSDGQiMHMHQVNXWHþQRVW
åHG$PWpWRIi]HE\OSHVWDYERXGRPXSHGFKi]HMtFtIi]HFRåMHY Bylanech zcela
YêMLPHþQêMHY1HQtVLFHY\ORXþHQRåHWDWRSRVOHGQtURGLQDY\PHODDOH
SUDYGSRGREQMãtVH]GiåHRGHãODGRQMDNpKR~VSãQSHWUYiYDMtFtKRDUHiOXPLPR
Bylany. V areálu Bylany 1 se lidé kultury sY\StFKDQRXNHUDPLNRX]QRYXXVD]XMtDåY
PODGãtPREGREtWpWRNXOWXU\iGRYSRGYRXDåWHFKVWHFKOHWHFK
Klimaticky spadá neolitické osídlení v Bylanech do období mladšího atlantika, které
Y\WYiHORNUDMLQXVH]DSRMHQêPLVPtãHQêPLGXERYêPLOHV\YQLFKåPRKOEêWE\OLQQê
SRGURVW3LYRGQtFKWRFtFKPOEêWSRURVWU$]QêFKGUXK$GHYLQSHGHYãtPROãH
topolu a vrby (Peške – Rulf – Slavíková 1998=WRKRWRXQLYHUViOQUHNRQVWUXRYDQpKR
W\SXNUDMLQ\VH%\ODQ\SRGOHSHGEåQêFKDQDOê]PDNUR]E\WN$QLMDNQHY\MtPDO\
'QHVEêYiQHROLWR]QDþRYiQQNG\WDNpMDNRQHMYWãtNDWDVWURIDYGMLQiFKY]QLNX
PRGHUQtNXOWXUQtNUDMLQ\6RXþDVQtHNRORJRYpWtPR]QDþXMtUHODWLYQYHONêDQiVLOQê
]iVDKQHROLWLN$GRGRVXGQHGRWþHQêFKHNRV\VWpP$SHGHYãtPYHONRSORãQp
RGOHVRYiQtDQiVOHGQRXHUR]LSRYUFKRYêFKS$G9HVNXWHþQRVWLNOLGVNêP]iVDK$P
PXVHORGRFKi]HWMLåGtYHMDNRQDStNODG]PLRYDQpY\SDORYiQtOHVDPH]ROLWLN\D
YODVWQtQHROLWLFNêYOLYQDNUDMLQXE\OSRVWXSQêDUHODWLYQSRPDOêNG\åXYiåtPHMDN
tGNpE\ORRVtGOHQt1DSRþiWNXNWHUêP$åHPH]%\ODQGRKOpGQRXWWMQNG\RNROR
roku 5600 B.C., nebylo vFHOêFKýHFKiFKYtFHQHåQNROLNGHVtWHNVRXþDVQêFK
VtGHOQtFKDUHiO$FRåUHSUHVHQWXMHMHQRPiORYtFHURGLQ3RþHWRE\YDWHOVWYDVH
QHSRFK\EQSRVWXSQ]Y\ãRYDOYODVWQtP~VSãQêPKRVSRGDHQtPQHROLWLN$
3RþiWHþQt]HPGOVWYtE\ORSDWUQWtPQHMHNRORJLþWMãtP]S$VREHPY\XåtYiQt
NUDMLQ\YHVURYQiQtVHYãHPLSR]GMãtPLV\VWpP\3URWRMHSRMPHQRYiQtQHROLWLFNpKR
vztahu kStURGMDNRNDWDVWURILFNpKRSLQHMPHQãtPQHSHVQp-HQXWQRSRVRXGLW]GD
]iVDGQtDYHONp]PQ\YNUDMLQMDNMVRXSR]RURYiQ\DGDWRYiQ\GRSUDYNXQHE\O\
]S$VREHQ\DåYGRESRVWQHROLWLFké spíše vNRPELQDFLOLGVNêFKIDNWRU$DQHSt]QLYêFK
NOLPDWLFNêFKSRGPtQHNQDStNODGYPODGãtGREEURQ]RYp/LGpNXOWXU\V lineární
NHUDPLNRX]DþDOLSRSUYpY\WYiHWYRSWLPiOQtFKþiVWHFKNUDMLQ\GRE\SROHGRYpVtGHOQt
NRPRU\NWHUpVHGORXKRXGREXDåGRGQHãNDSUDNWLFN\QH]PQLO\7RXND]XMH
QDStNODGYHONiNRUHODFHQHMVWDUãtKRVORYDQVNpKRRVtGOHQtSUDåVNpKRW\SXV nejstarším
obdobím kultury s lineární keramikou.
VQHROLWXQDãLFK]HPtE\O\WDNSRORåHQ\]iNODG\XWYiHQtVRXþDVQpNXOWXUQtNUDMLQ\
DSRþtQDMHãHVWêPWLVtFLOHWtP%&O]HSR]RURYDWDNXPXODFLDQWKURSRJHQQtFKSUYN$
vQDãHPStURGQtPSURVWHGt-LVWiYãHREHFQiJHQHWLFNiVRXYLVORVWPH]LGQHãQt
HYURSVNRXSRSXODFtDRE\YDWHOLSRVWJODFLiOQtKRREGREtMHGQHVMLåSLMtPiQD-DNêMH
YãDNNRQNUpWQtStQRVQHROLWLN$GRWpWRVRXþDVQpJHQHWLFNpYêEDY\XNiåHWHSUYH
EXGRXFQRVW(WQLFNpGGLFWYtYHVP\VOXMD]\NRYpStEX]QRVWLE\E\ORHYLGHQWQt
SRNXGSLMPHPHYêNODGåHNXOWXUXVOLQHiUQtNHUDPLNRXSLQiãHOLOLGpNWHtKRYRLOL
podobnými praindoevropskými dialekty (Renfrew 1996). Kulturní vliv doby vzdálené
VHGPWLVtFOHWQHSR]RUXMHPHVLFHStPRDOHDGDLQGLFLtXND]XMHåHMHGRGQHV
StWRPHQþDVWRDQLåE\FKRPVLKRXYGRPRYDOL([LVWXMH]HMPMHãWDGDNXOWXUQtFK
197
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