The European Union and the African Union - The Africa

Transkript

ISSN 2363-2313
Statistical books
The European Union and the African Union
A statistical portrait
2015 edition
AU Commission
Statistics Division
Africa - EU
Partnership
Statistical books
2015 edition
AU Commission
Statistics Division
Africa - EU
Partnership
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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015
ISBN 978-92-79-50973-5
ISSN 2363-2313
doi:10.2785/64893
Cat. No KS-FQ-15-001-EN-N
Theme: General and regional statistics
Collection: Statistical books
© European Union, 2015
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Foreword
Foreword
EUROSTAT, the statistical office of the European Union, and the Statistics Division of the African Union Commission
(AUSTAT) are proud to present the fifth edition of this yearbook, which offers a broad comparative view of the EU
and AU regions in figures.
The publication is the result of the fruitful cooperation over years between the European Commission and the
African Union Commission (AUC) on statistical topics.
EUROSTAT, at the centre of the European Statistical System, and the AUSTAT, at the centre of the African Union
Commission, engage to share good practices and lessons learnt from their experiences in producing statistics across
the different domains at regional level.
Other important African statistical actors, at the continental level, are the African Centre for Statistics (ACS)
of the United Nation Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the Statistics Department of the African
Development Bank (AfDB). These three actors, together with the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF),
constitute the African Statistical Coordination Committee. They cooperate in the preparation of the yearly African
Statistical Yearbook and other strategic initiatives for statistical development on the African continent, namely the
African Charter on Statistics, the Strategy for the Harmonization of Statistics in Africa (SHaSA), etc.
The present publication, which is largely based on the African Statistical Yearbook 2015 and the matching EU-28
data, is an example of a joint initiative between the statistical offices of the European Union and of the African Union.
We wish to thank all those who have contributed to the development of this joint publication. We remain convinced
that having reliable, comparable and accessible information will make a major contribution to improve the
partnership and the dialogue between our two Institutions, and the regions they represent as well as the statistics
users and decision makers.
Dr. Anthony Mothae Maruping
Walter Radermacher
AU Commissioner for Economic Affairs
Director General, Eurostat
3
Acknowledgments
Statistical Book
This publication has been produced by Unit A3 of Eurostat, responsible for statistical cooperation and the Statistics Division
of the African Union Commission.
Eurostat
Director of Directorate A Cooperation in the European Statistical System; international cooperation; resources
Mr. Pieter Everaers
Head of Unit A3 Statistical cooperation
Ms. Claudia Junker
Editors
Dr. Ceri Thompson and Ms. Veronika Radermacher
Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union
Unit A3
Bâtiment Joseph Bech
5, rue Alphonse Weicker
2721 Luxembourg
e-mail: [email protected]
African Union Commission
Department of Economic Affairs
Mr. Rene N’guettia Kouassi
Statistics Division - Acting Head
Mr. Dossina Yeo
Editors
Mr. Dossina Yeo, Mr. Jose Awong Alene, Mr. Gildas C. Nzingoula and Ms. Rurangwa Lyse
Production and desktop publishing
Artemis Information Management S.A. (Luxembourg): Mr. Knut Utvik, Mr. Mario Colantonio, Mr. Damien Collet and
Mr. Daniel Ganea.
Acknowledgments
This publication would not be possible without the considerable contribution of the United Nations Economic Commission
for Africa and the African Development Bank into the preparation of the African Statistical Yearbook 2015.
We are also grateful to African National Data Correspondents (NDC) who provided useful data for their respective country
for the production of the African Statistics Yearbook.
4
Contents
Table of Contents
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 1: Overview................................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 2: Demography...................................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 3: Health................................................................................................................................................... 35
Chapter 4: Education............................................................................................................................................ 47
Chapter 5: National accounts............................................................................................................................ 55
Chapter 6: Economy & finance.......................................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 7: Industry & services........................................................................................................................... 75
Chapter 8: External economic relations......................................................................................................... 85
5
Introduction
Introduction
Africa-EU Strategic Partnership
Africa’s continental integration is a key priority for the
strategic partnership between the African Union and the
EU. The new Pan-African Programme will provide a major
contribution to the EU-Africa Partnership, established by
the two continents in 2007 with the Joint Africa-EU Strategy
(JAES), in order to put their relations on a new footing. The
programme is a key instrument for the European Union to
implement, in close cooperation with African partners, the
political priorities of the Joint roadmap 2014-17, which was
adopted by African and EU Heads of State and Government
during the 4th EU-Africa summit in April 2014.
During the seventh College to College (C2C) meeting
between the European Commission and the African
Union Commission, which took place on 22nd April 2015
in Brussels, political and operational impetus to the Joint
Africa-EU Strategy was confirmed in view of the five priority
areas of the Joint Roadmap:
1. Peace and Security
2. Democracy, Good Governance and Human Rights
3. Human development
4. Sustainable and inclusive development and growth and
continental integration
5. Global and emerging issues
The Colleges considered these topics during a plenary session,
co-chaired by the President of the European Commission,
Jean-Claude Juncker, and the Chairperson of the African
Union Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. For each of
these objectives, a number of actions have been identified at
interregional, continental or global levels which are expected
to have a real impact on the people of both continents.
To achieve the strategic objectives of priority 4 (such
as economic growth for poverty reduction, creation of
decent jobs; development of the private sector; continental
integration, energy, industrialisation and investment)
particular support for statistical capacity building has been
considered essential by the partners: “Decisions to invest
or develop new policies need to be based on reliable and
comparable data. We will enhance cooperation between
European and African Statistical Systems in producing
quality statistical service.”
The Pan-African Statistics (PAS) programme, as part of the
overall Pan-African Programme, therefore aims to support
African integration by improving the availability and quality
of statistical information required for informed decisionmaking and policy monitoring.
6
To this end it will provide technical assistance to enhance
harmonisation and coordination of statistics on the continent
and to foster institutional capacity building. In this context it
will also support preparations in view of a statistical institute
at AU level, the creation of which was decided by the African
Heads of States and Governments in January 2013.
The partners
The African Union is a continental organisation founded in
1999 and its main objectives were to rid the continent of the
remaining vestiges of colonisation and apartheid; to promote
unity and solidarity among African States; to coordinate
and intensify cooperation for development; to safeguard the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of Member States and to
promote international cooperation within the framework of
the United Nations.
The vision of the African Union is that of “an integrated,
prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens
and representing a dynamic force in global arena.”
The African Union Commission is the key organ playing a
central role in the day-to-day management of the African
Union. Among others, it represents the Union and defends
its interests; elaborates draft common positions of the
African Union; prepares strategic plans and studies for the
consideration of the Executive Council; elaborates, promotes,
coordinates and harmonizes the programmes and policies of
the African Union; ensures the mainstreaming of gender in
all programmes and activities of the African Union.
The mission of the African Union Commission is to become
“an efficient and value-adding institution driving the African
integration and development process in close collaboration
with African Union Member States, the Regional Economic
Communities, and African citizens”. It is envisaged that the
Statistics Division of the African Union Commission will
be transformed into the new African Union Institute of
Statistics.
The European Union was created in the aftermath of the
Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic
cooperation with the belief that if countries trade with one
another, and become economically interdependent, this
will promote peace and stability. Since then, the union has
developed into a single market with many countries adopting
the euro as a common currency. Originally an economic
union, there is now a European dimension to most areas
of government: from development aid to environmental
policy, however the extent of a European role varies. In
certain policy areas, such as agriculture and fisheries, the EU
member countries have transferred some of their law-making
authority to the EU. In other areas, such as culture, policymaking is shared between the EU and national governments.
Introduction
The European Union actively promotes human rights and
democracy and has the most ambitious emission reduction
targets for fighting climate change in the world. Thanks to the
abolition of border controls between many European Union
countries, it is now possible for people to travel freely within
the European Union.
The European Commission is one of the main institutions
of the European Union, representing and upholding the
interests of the EU as a whole. It has the responsibility, and
the sole right, to draft proposals for new European laws, and
it manages the day-to-day business of implementing EU
policies and spending EU funds. Eurostat is a Directorate
General of the European Commission specialised in
European statistics and heading the European Statistical
System (ESS).
The publication
This statistical book presents a range of statistics on African
and European countries.
The first chapter gives an overview of demography, key
economic indicators and external trade in Africa, Europe
and some selected countries or world regions.
Following this, seven thematic chapters present balanced
sets of key indicators for the following sectors: demography,
health, education, national accounts, economy and finance,
industry and services and external economic relations. Two
tables are available for each indicator, one presenting data
for the African countries and the other one for the European
countries.
The data presented in this publication cover the period up to
2014, or until the last year for which data are available. Each
table presents indicators for African and European countries.
Data sources
The statistics shown in this publication for the African
countries have been provided by the Statistics Division of the
African Union Commission in July 2015. These data were
produced by the National Statistical Institutes or National
Central Banks of the African countries or by international
organisations (United Nations, OECD, IMF, World Bank and
ILO).
EU-28 data presented in this publication have been processed
and calculated by Eurostat on the basis of information
provided by the National Statistical Institutes of the 28
Member States of the European Union. The information was
extracted from Eurostat reference database (Eurobase) in
December 2015.
Countries and organisations
The ‘Africa’ aggregate presented in this publication
includes the following countries:
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia
and Zimbabwe.
Please note that Morocco is not a member of the African
Union, however its statistics are presented in this publication.
The aggregate EU-28 presented in this publication
includes the following countries:
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany,
Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy,
Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta,
Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia,
Slovakia, Finland, Sweden and United Kingdom.
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries are:
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Candidate countries to the entrance in the European
Union are:
Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Albania, Serbia and Turkey.
Rounding
Values and the calculations made on the basis of these values
(percentages, growth rates) have been rounded, usually to
the first decimal point. The sum of the individual values (or
percentages) may differ slightly from the total value (or from
100%).
7
Introduction
Valuation
Abbreviations and acronyms
All data in value are expressed in euro. Data for the African
countries have been provided to Eurostat in US dollars or in
national currencies; they have been converted into euro on
the basis of the exchange rates published by the European
Commission in InforEuro (http://ec.europa.eu/budget/
inforeuro/).
AfDB
ACBF
ACS
AUC
AUSTAT
Eurostat data code
Source codes have been inserted after each table and graphic
in this publication to help readers access easily the most
recent data on the Eurostat website. Within the PDF version
of this publication, the data codes under each table and
graphic are presented as Internet hyperlinks.
Symbols
(b)
c
-
:
0
%
1234
8
Break in time series
Confidential data
Not applicable or not relevant
Data are not available or unreliable
Negligible quantities (figure less than half of the
unit used)
Percentage
Estimates are printed in italic
African Development Bank
African Capacity Building Foundation
African Centre for Statistics (UNECA)
African Union Commission
Statistics Division of the African Union
Commission
BoP
Balance of Payments
CPI
Consumer price index
EFTA
European Free Trade Association
ESA
European System of Accounts
ETS
External Trade Statistics
EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Union
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
HICP
Harmonized Consumer Price Index
ILO
International Labour Organisation
International Monetary Fund
IMF
International Standard Classification of
ISCED
Education (UN classification)
KWh
Unit of energy equal to 1000 watt hours or 3.6
mega-joules One kilowatt hour is equivalent
to one kilowatt of power expended for one
hour of time)
NACE
Statistical Classification of Economic
Activities in the European Community
NSIs
National Statistical Institutes
Official Development Assistance
ODA
OECD
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development
SITC
Standard International Trade Classification
SNA
System of National Accounts
UN
United Nations
WHO
World Health Organisation
Chapter 1: Overview
Overview
1
Overview
Chapter 1 - Overview
This publication presents a variety of comparable statistics
that illustrate the developing relations between the EU
and Africa and provides important information to those
interested in both continents, including political and business
leadership, journalists and researchers, as well as the general
public. Data about other regions/countries are also included
to give a fuller picture of the relations between EU and Africa
on the one hand, and the world as a whole on the other.
Population and health (1)
With the world’s population at almost 7.3 billion inhabitants
in 2014, Africa with 1.2 billion people has the second largest
continental population, well behind the 4.4 billion of Asia
(Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1). However, the growth rate of
Africa’s population was on average 2.5% per year between
1995 and 2014. This was the highest of all continents, almost
double the 1.3% growth rate for the world population and
more than double the 1.2% for the population in Asia. In
contrast, the population of Europe barely changed over the
same period; the EU-28 growth rate averaged 0.3% per year
during this period while the growth rate for Europe as a whole
was only 0.1%. Africa’s population rose from 720 million in
1995 (slightly less than the European total of 728 million
at the same time) to 1.2 billion in 2014, substantially more
than the European total (738 million) and more than twice
the EU-28 total (507 million). Africa’s population has grown
faster than the population in China (0.6%) and India (1.6%),
but still remains below the population figures for both those
countries in 2014 (China 1.4 billion; India 1.3 billion). On the
other hand, Africa’s population was larger than the combined
population of North and South America and more than three
times the population size of the United States. In 2014, Africa
accounted for 15.9% of the world’s population compared to
10.2% for Europe as a whole and 7.0% for the EU-28.
This overview chapter presents and analyses key indicators in
a number of areas such as:
• Population and health
• Economic performance
• Prices and public finances
• International trade
• Services and the information society
More detailed data for all African countries and the EU
Member States, EFTA countries and EU candidate countries
can be found in the following chapters.
(1) More detailed information on the population in the EU and Africa can be found in chapter 2, while information on health and public expenditure on health can be
found in chapter 3.
Table 1.1: World population, 1 January (million) (1)
1995
2000
2005
2010
2014 (2)
Annual average growth rate
1995-2014 (%)
World
5 735
6 127
6 520
6 930
7 266
1.3%
Asia
3 475
3 714
3 945
4 170
4 350
1.2%
Africa
720
814
920
1 044
1 157
2.5%
Europe
728
726
729
735
738
0.1%
Caribbean, Central and South America
487
527
564
600
628
1.3%
Northern America
296
314
329
344
355
1.0%
29
31
33
36
39
1.5%
Oceania
China
1 228
1 270
1 306
1 341
1 369
0.6%
961
1 053
1 144
1 231
1 295
1.6%
India
EU-28
482
487
495
503
507
0.3%
United States
266
283
296
310
319
1.0%
Japan
124
126
127
127
127
0.1%
(1) Mid-year population for all regions and countries except EU-28
(2) UNPD estimate, medium fertility scenario
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan) and United Nations Population Division.
10
1
Overview
Figure 1.1: World population by regions, 2014 and 2050 (%)
2050
2014
Caribbean,
Central and
South America
8.6%
Northern
America
4.8%
Oceania
0.5%
Rest of Europe (1)
3.2%
Caribbean,
Central and
South America
8.1%
Rest of Europe (1)
1.9%
Oceania
0.6%
EU-28
5.4%
EU-28
7.0%
Africa
15.9%
Northern
America
4.5%
Asia
59.9%
Africa
25.5%
Asia
54.2%
(1) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Hezegovina, Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Liechtenstein, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland and
Ukraine.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan and proj_13ndbims) and United Nations Population Division.
Population projections up to 2050 (Figure 1.1 and Figure
1.2) show a continuation of this trend. Africa’s population is
forecasted to more than double between 2014 and 2050 to
reach almost 2.5 billion. The EU population is projected to
continue to grow towards 2050, but with declining growth
rates especially in the final decade up to 2050. The main
reason for this difference in the projected population growth
in Africa and the EU is that the population in the African
countries is substantially younger than in the EU Member
States.
However, the life expectancy is slowly growing in both the
EU and in Africa. Generally, the life expectancy in North
Africa and in several smaller African island states such as
Cape Verde, Mauritius and the Seychelles is close to the
European level. However, in some sub-Saharan countries the
life expectancy at birth is less than 50 years. These countries
include Sierra Leone, Lesotho and Swaziland. Main reasons
for this are high prevalence of AIDS, in particular in Southern
Africa, the effects of civil wars and violent conflicts, as well
as poverty and limited access to effective health treatment.
There is a vast difference in life expectancy at birth between
Africa and the EU (Figure 1.3). In 2014, the life expectancy
in Africa was 60.3 years, compared to 80.6 years in the EU.
Africa’s higher forecasted population growth is due to a
higher proportion of women in childbearing age in Africa
and a higher fertility rate than in the EU, which more than
compensates for the lower life expectancy.
11
1
Overview
Figure 1.2: Population (1960=100)
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
EU-28
Africa
World
Source: United Nations Population Division of the Departement of Economic and Social Affairs Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan and proj_10c2150p).
Figure 1.3: Life expectancy at birth, 2006-2014 (years) (1)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
EU-28
2010
Africa
2011
2012
2013
2014
World
(1) World: 5-years-average; 2000-05, 2005-10, 2010-15 (estimate)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: (demo_mlexpec) and Statistics Division of the African Union Commission
12
1
Overview
In many African countries the health care systems are less
advanced. In addition, there is a relatively high prevalence
of diseases connected to insufficient access to sanitation
and clean drinking water, to sufficient and safe nutrition
as well as generally difficult living conditions. The African
Health Strategy for 2007 to 2015 was developed to address
these challenges. It provides a strategic framework for
African countries, helping them to achieve the Millennium
Development Goals related to health. The strengthening of
the national health systems is one of its main focuses, aiming
to improve working and living conditions, and in particular
to protect vulnerable groups such as children and people
with disabilities.
In this context, infant mortality rates are a good indicator on
the impact of the efforts made by national health systems.
From 2007 to 2013, the African under-five mortality rate, i.e.
the probability that a new-born baby will die before reaching
age five (measured among 1000 live births), has decreased
from 98.1 to 77.0 over the period (Figure 1.4). In many
African countries, most of these deaths happen in the first
year after birth. However, the infant mortality rate in Africa
also dropped significantly between 2005 and 2013, from 68.0
to 52.5 (Figure 1.5). Nevertheless, it lay substantially above
the EU-28 value of 3.7 deaths (per 1000 new-borns) in 2013.
Despite the significant reduction in both of these mortality
rates, more than two thirds of all under-five deaths occurred
in the first year in 39 of the 54 African countries in 2013.
Figure 1.4: Under-five mortality rate, 2007-2013 (per 1000 live births)
120
6.0
100
5.0
80
4.0
60
3.0
40
2.0
20
1.0
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0.0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
EU-28
Africa
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_magec and demo_pjan), AUC Statistics Division.
Figure 1.5: Infant mortality rate, 2005-2013 (per 1000 live births)
5.0
70
4.5
60
4.0
50
3.5
40
3.0
2.5
30
2.0
1.5
20
1.0
10
0
0.5
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Africa
0.0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
EU-28
Source: Eurostat Eurostat (online data code: demo_minfind), AUC Statistics Division.
13
1
Overview
Economic performance (2)
Table 1.2 shows the relative economic performance of Africa
and the EU compared to other selected countries and the
world as a whole. In 2014, the gross domestic product (GDP)
of the EU-28 stood at EUR 14.0 billion whilst the figure for
Africa was EUR 1.8 billion. In comparison, the GDP for the
United States was EUR 13.1 billion, for China EUR 7.8 billion
and for Japan EUR 3.5 billion. Other major economies were
Brazil, India, Canada and the Russian Federation, with GDP
between EUR 1.8 billion and EUR 1.4 billion, all below the
total GDP of Africa.
Africa has seen its share of world GDP grow since 2004; in
2014, Africa’s share reached 3.2%, compared with 1.9% ten
years earlier. After staying at around 30% between 2004 and
2009, the EU-28’s share in world GDP had fallen to 23.9%
by 2014, even though the EU’s GDP at current prices had
regained and surpassed the level prior to the economic crisis.
There was no consistent picture for other major economies.
While both the USA and Japan recorded a significant decline
in their share of world GDP over the last decade, China’s
share almost tripled over the period and the share of Brazil
doubled.
(2) More detailed information on national accounts for the EU and Africa can be found in chapter 5.
Figure 1.6: GDP growth rates at constant prices, top ten EU Member States and African countries, 2013-2014 (%)
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
Ethiopia
Congo, Dem. Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
Mozambique
Tanzania
Chad
Uganda
Niger
Mauritania
Nigeria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Malta
Hungary
Poland
0.0%
Lithuania
Slovenia
Ireland
Estonia
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Malta
Romania
Hungary
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.5%
4.0%
Poland
Lithuania
Slovenia
Estonia
United Kingdom
Romania
Source: Eurostat (online data code: tec00115), AUC Statistics Division.
14
1
Overview
The increase in Africa’s share of world GDP was due to strong
GDP growth rates in most African countries over the period
from 2004 and 2014 (Figure 1.6). However, the effects of civil
uprisings can be clearly seen in the GDP growth figures for
a number of countries, for example the sharp fall in GDP in
Libya during the civil uprising in 2011, followed by a strong
recovery in 2012 and a renewed sharp fall in 2013 caused by
renewed unrest. The GDP growth rates of the top ten African
countries from 2013 to 2014 far outstripped the growth rates
of the top ten EU-28 countries. Ethiopia topped the list for
Africa with a GDP growth of 10.3%; altogether 21 African
countries recorded higher GDP growth rates in 2014 than
the best performing EU Member State (Ireland with 5.2%).
Although the figure for Africa as a whole was just
EUR 1 638 in 2014, it had more than doubled since 2004.
Amongst the other countries, it is notable that the Indian GDP
per capita of EUR 1 197 was substantially lower than Africa’s
in 2014. The Russian Federation recorded a GDP per capita of
EUR 9 551, almost tripling since 2004. Brazil recorded
EUR 8 538, while China’s figure was EUR 5 695, more than
three and a half times the 2004 value.
A different perspective emerges when comparing GDP per
capita. In the USA, the GDP in euro per inhabitant was well
above the level of the EU as a whole in 2014 (Table 1.2). The
EU-28 level of EUR 27 400 per capita was also surpassed by
Canada, where the value of EUR 37 701 came close to match
the USA’s value of EUR 40 969. However, the values for these
two countries and the EU-28 were far above the GDP per
capita of the BRIC countries Brazil, India, Russia and China.
The EU-28 GDP per capita showed a solid rise of EUR 5 100
(23%) between 2004 and 2014.
Table 1.2: GDP at current prices
GDP
(million EUR)
Share of world GDP
(%)
GDP per capita
(EUR)
2004
2009
2014
2004
2009
2014
2004
2009
2014
World
35 224 578
42 991 555
58 397 683
100.0
100.0
100.0
5 475
6 284
8 043
EU-28
11 024 409
12 255 574
13 958 352
31.3
28.5
23.9
22 300
24 300
27 400
Africa
686 742
1 170 133
1 843 989
1.9
2.7
3.2
773
1 187
1 638
United States
9 947 847
10 382 501
13 063 379
28.2
24.2
22.4
33 974
33 844
40 969
Japan
3 773 156
3 625 654
3 450 866
10.7
8.4
5.9
29 533
28 315
27 144
China
1 573 629
3 643 136
7 769 561
4.5
8.5
13.3
1 214
2 737
5 695
Brazil
542 692
1 198 602
1 759 471
1.5
2.8
3.0
2 916
6 094
8 538
India
584 787
983 163
1 550 073
1.7
2.3
2.7
519
810
1 197
Canada
825 333
987 101
1 339 902
2.3
2.3
2.3
25 796
29 353
37 701
Russian Federation
478 972
880 389
1 395 355
1.4
2.0
2.4
3 325
6 166
9 551
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_10_gdp and nama_10_pc), AUC Statistics Division and World Bank.
15
1
Overview
At country level, GDP per capita in most African countries
is still rather low (Figure 1.7). Fuelled by a large oil industry,
Equatorial Guinea lead the African Top 10; its GDP of
EUR 16 221 was higher than in 11 EU Member States and
corresponded to about 59% of the EU-28 value. However,
only four African countries, Equatorial Guinea, Seychelles,
Gabon and Mauritius, recorded a higher GDP per capita
than Bulgaria, which recorded the lowest GDP per capita
amongst the EU Member States with EUR 5 900 in 2014.
Figure 1.7: GDP per capita at current prices, top ten EU Member States and African countries, 2014 (EUR)
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
90 000
EU-28
Luxembourg
Denmark
Sweden
Ireland
Netherlands
Austria
Finland
Belgium
Germany
United Kingdom
Africa
Equatorial Guinea
Seychelles
Gabon
Mauritius
Angola
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
Africa
Botswana
Libya
Equatorial Guinea
South Africa
Seychelles
Gabon
Algeria
Namibia
Mauritius
Angola
Botswana
Libya
South Africa
Algeria
Namibia
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_10_pc), AUC Statistics Division.
16
1
Overview
Prices and public finances (3)
Figure 1.8 shows the evolution in consumer prices in the
EU-28 and Africa since 2000. Price movements in Africa
have been substantially larger than in the EU-28. The price
index for Africa reached 230 in 2011 (base year 2000 = 100),
while the equivalent figure for the EU-28 was 130 in 2011 and
137 in 2014. On average, African changes in price level ran
at a rate of 7.9% per year between 2000 and 2011, while the
figure for the EU-28 was 2.3% per year. In particular, there
was a noticeable upward movement in the price fluctuations
in Africa in each year of the period 2007 to 2011, whereas the
inflation rate in the EU-28 fluctuated considerably during
this period. A high increase in 2008 was followed by a slowdown in 2009 and a renewed acceleration peaking in 2011.
The EU-28 inflation rate slowed down from 2012 onwards.
(3) More detailed price statistics and information on public finances for the EU and Africa can be found in chapter 6.
Figure 1.8: Consumer price index (2000=100)
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Africa
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
EU-28
Source: Eurostat (online data code: prc_hicp_aind) and AUC Statistics Division.
Figure 1.9: Government revenue and expenditure, 2008-2014 (% of GDP)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2008
2009
EU-28 - Revenue
2010
EU-28 - Expenditure
2011
2012
Africa - Revenue
2013
2014
Africa - Expenditure
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10a_main), AUC Statistics Division.
17
1
Overview
Africa’s government revenue and expenditure as percentage
of GDP were lower than the EU-28 level in the period from
2008 to 2014 (Figure 1.9). African values lay between 25%
and 31% of GDP for both revenue and expenditure, while
the corresponding values for the EU-28 lay between 44%
and 50% of GDP. With the exception of Africa in 2008,
government expenditure exceeded revenues for both country
groups over the period. EU-28 revenues remained relatively
stable over the period, with a slight decrease in 2009 before
recovering again through 2010 and 2011 and stabilising at
around 45% of GDP. The African government revenues, as
share of GDP, fluctuated between 30% and 25% between
2008 and 2013, before falling to 23% in 2014.
In 2014, the government revenue as share of GDP was higher
than five years previously for almost half of the African
countries. However, government expenditure as share of
GDP also increased in slightly more than half of African
countries, mostly in those countries that recorded increasing
revenues over the same period. The level of government
revenue and expenditure compared to GDP varies strongly
across Africa, although there is a tendency towards higher
levels of both in countries that are rich in natural resources
such as Libya, Angola, Algeria and Equatorial Guinea.
International trade (4)
Africa accounted for around 9% of both the imports to the
EU-28 and the exports from the EU-28 in 2014, measured
by value (Figure 1.10). This was far below Asia, which stood
for 43% of the imports value to the EU-28 and about a third
of the exports value. Northern America only accounted for
14% of the imports to the EU-28 but was the destination for
21% of the exports.
The EU-28 goods trade balance with Africa was negative in
all years between 2003 and 2014 (Figure 1.11). The EU’s trade
deficit with Africa fell sharply from EUR 41 billion in 2008 to
around EUR 4 billion in 2009 with both import and export
values dropping, clearly reflecting the worldwide economic
crisis. This decline in EU-28 exports to and imports from
Africa broke the steady increase of EU-28 trade with Africa
between 2003 and 2008, which had seen export values raise
by 71% and imports by 94%. From 2009 onwards, EU-28
exports to Africa returned to steady growth; by 2014, the
value of EU-28 exports to Africa was 28% above the 2008
level. Also the imports from Africa resumed the strong
growth in 2009, exceeding the pre-crisis value by 16% in
2012. However, in 2013 and 2014 the value of EU-28 imports
from Africa again decreased; it fell by 11% in 2013 and by
another 8% from 2013 to 2014, reaching a lower value in
2014 than prior to the economic crisis.
(4) More detailed balance of payments information, including foreign direct investments, international trade in goods and official development assistance, can be found in chapter 8.
Figure 1.10: EU-28 international trade by partner, value 2014 (%)
Imports
Exports
Caribbean,
Central and
South America
7%
Caribbean,
Central and
South America
6%
Oceania
2%
Oceania
1%
Africa
9%
Africa
9%
Asia
35%
Asia
43%
Northern
America
14%
Northern
America
21%
European
non-EU-28 countries
26%
European
non-EU-28 countries
27%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ext_lt_maineu)
18
1
Overview
In 2014, the three main African partners for imports of goods
to the EU-28 were Algeria (19% of total import value from
Africa), Nigeria (18%) and South Africa (12%) (Figure 1.12).
Together, these three countries accounted for close to half
the total EU-28 imports from Africa. For both Algeria and
Nigeria, the main product group imported to the EU-28 was
petroleum products, more specifically crude oil and natural
gas. Thus, due to the fall in petroleum prices, the value of
this trade can change substantially from year to year. Libya,
recorded third in 2013, lost 6 percentage points from 2013
to 2014 due to this effect and to the effects of the continued
instability following the Civil War of 2011. The result was
that Libya ranked fourth for imports to the EU-28 in 2014,
with 8% of the total. The main African destinations for EU28 exports of goods were Algeria and South Africa (each
15% of total exports to Africa in 2014), followed by Morocco
(12%) (Figure 1.13).
Figure 1.11: EU-28 trade in goods with Africa, 2003-2014 (million EUR)
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
50 000-
2003
2004
2005
2006
EU-28 exports to Africa
2007
2008
2009
EU-28 imports from Africa
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
EU-28 trade balance with Africa
Source: Eurostat (online data code: DS-018995)
Figure 1.12: EU-28 imports of goods from Africa by
main partners, 2014 (%)
Algeria
15%
Algeria
19%
Other
19%
Figure 1.13: EU-28 exports of goods to Africa by
main partners, 2014 (%)
Other
32%
Egypt
5%
South
Africa
Tunisia
6%
15%
Nigeria
18%
Angola
6%
Tunisia
7%
Morocco
7%
Libya
8%
South Africa
12%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: (DS_018995)
Morocco
Nigeria
8%
12%
Egypt
11%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: (DS_018995)
19
1
Overview
Africa’s government revenue and expenditure as percentage
of GDP were lower than the EU-28 level in the period from
2008 to 2014 (Figure 1.9). African values lay between 25%
and 31% of GDP for both revenue and expenditure, while
the corresponding values for the EU-28 lay between 44%
and 50% of GDP. With the exception of Africa in 2008,
government expenditure exceeded revenues for both country
groups over the period. EU-28 revenues remained relatively
stable over the period, with a slight decrease in 2009 before
recovering again through 2010 and 2011 and stabilising at
around 45% of GDP. The African government revenues, as
share of GDP, fluctuated between 30% and 25% between
2008 and 2013, before falling to 23% in 2014.
In 2014, EU-28 exports to Africa were dominated by
machinery and vehicles, in particular road vehicles; with
EUR 55.5 billion, this product group accounted for more
than a third of the total value. For EU-28 exports of energy
products to Africa, there was a significant reverse flow of
refined oil products, amounting to some EUR 21.0 billion
in 2014. Another important export product group from the
EU-28 to Africa was manufactured products classified by
material, which reached 22.4 billion EUR in 2014 (Figure
1.14). This represented 15% of the total EU-28 exports to
Africa. A further important group of products exported to
Africa was chemicals, with a share of 13% of the total in 2014.
Table 1.3: Exports from EU-28 to Africa and imports from Africa to EU-28, by SITC section, 2012-2014 (million EUR)
Total
Food and live animals
Beverages and tobacco
Crude materials, except fuels
Energy products
Oils, fats and waxes
Chemicals
Manuf’d goods classified by material
Machinery and vehicles
Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Products not classified elsewhere
Exports from EU-28 to Africa
2012
2013
2014
149 775
152 879
153 369
12 503
13 775
15 014
2 179
2 364
2 337
4 381
4 067
4 252
22 750
22 631
20 948
1 019
840
721
18 221
18 858
19 339
22 880
22 573
22 376
54 362
55 568
55 523
9 287
9 822
9 957
1 141
1 468
1 209
Imports from Africa to EU-28
2012
2013
2014
186 703
168 299
156 228
13 259
13 389
14 299
978
1 052
1 137
8 021
6 938
6 984
121 757
107 318
91 604
357
431
316
4 061
4 311
4 451
13 203
13 431
12 575
10 019
10 395
11 952
7 514
7 325
7 635
6 604
2 755
4 696
Source: Eurostat (online data code: DS-018995)
Figure 1.14: EU-28 trade in goods with Africa by SITC section, 2014 (billion EUR)
Food and live animals
Beverages and tobacco
Crude materials, except f uels
Energy products
Oils, f ats and waxes
Chemicals
Manuf 'd goods classified by material
Machinery and vehicles
Miscellaneous manuf actured articles
Products not classifi ed elsewhere
0
25
Imports from Africa
50
75
Exports to Africa
Source: Eurostat (online data code: (DS_018995))
20
100
1
Overview
From 2013 to 2014, the value of exports to Africa of machinery
and vehicles, the most important product group by far,
remained stable. Amongst the other main product groups, the
export value from EU-28 to Africa fell by more than 7% for
energy products and almost 1% for manufactured products
classified by material. In contrast, the EU-28 exports of food
and live animals to Africa continued to rise by a further 9%
from 2013 to 2014. The value of chemicals exports increased
by almost 3%.
On the import side, the value of energy products imports
from Africa decreased by 12% from 2012 to 2013, followed
by a drop of another 15% in 2014. This downturn was partly
due to a strong fall in imports of energy products from Libya,
which could not recover from a sharp decline caused by the
civil uprising in 2011 and the renewed unrest from 2013
onwards. With the exception of energy products, of oils, fats
and waxes and of manufactured goods classified by material,
all main product groups recorded growth in EU-28 imports
from Africa between 2013 and 2014.
Figure 1.15.a: Arrivals of non-resident tourists at the border, Top 10 African countries, 2014 (thousand)
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
Morocco
South Af rica
Egypt
Tunisia
Algeria
Botswana
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Uganda
Kenya
Source: AUC Statistics Division
Figure 1.15.b: Arrivals of non-resident tourists at tourist accommodation establishments,
Top 10 EU Member States, 2014 (thousand)
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
Spain
Italy
France
Germany
Austria
United Kingdom (1)
Netherlands
Greece (2)
Croatia
Portugal
(1) 2012 data
(2) 2013 data
Source: Eurostat (online data code: tour_occ_arn2)
21
1
Overview
Services and the information society (5)
Tourism contributes considerably to the economy of many
African countries. In 2014, the sum of arrivals of nonresident tourists at the border of African countries amounted
to 65.8 million. Several African countries recorded high
tourist numbers in 2014. Figure 1.15 presents the Top 10
countries in Africa and the EU respectively, in terms of the
non-resident tourist arrivals. However, the EU figures record
arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments. Thus, on
the one hand, the EU figures do not record tourists arriving
in non-rented accommodation (e.g. owned second homes,
visits to relatives and friends with accommodation free of
charge). On the other hand, tourists travelling inside the
country and staying in more than one tourist accommodation
establishment during their trip are counted as a new arrival
each time they register to an accommodation establishment.
The figures for EU Member States can therefore not be
directly compared to the figures for African countries, which
record tourist arrivals at the border.
Together, Morocco, South Africa and Egypt accounted for
close to half of all non-resident tourist arrivals in Africa
in 2014. Most of the North African countries registered a
strong increase in the number of tourist arrivals up to the
year 2010. However, following the civil uprisings during the
Arab spring and the uncertain security situation thereafter,
the numbers of non-resident tourists arriving have fallen to
much lower levels in several countries. The number of arrivals
in Egypt peaked at 14.7 million in 2010, making Egypt the
main tourist destination in Africa that year. Following the
uprising in 2011, the number of tourists arriving in Egypt
fell by a third in 2011. In 2014, Egypt recorded 9.8 million
mon-resident tourist arrivals in 2014, which was still the
third-highest amongst the African countries. A similar trend
was observed also for Tunisia, where the number of tourist
arrivals fell by almost a third from a peak of 7.7 million in
2010 to 5.5 million in 2011, before stabilising at around 6
million as the fourth most popular tourist destination. An
exception in North Africa is Morocco, where the security
situation has been stable during the period. The number of
non-resident tourists in Morocco has been growing steadily
since 2006, with only a slight slow-down in 2012. In 2014,
the number of tourist arrivals reached 10.4 million, making
Morocco the top tourist destination. South Africa followed
closely in second place, with 10.1 million tourist arrivals, also
following a steady growth in numbers over the period.
Telecommunications are crucial for developing an
information society and for providing access to new services
and information. Therefore, telecommunications play an
important role in national development and the global
economy. As fixed network infrastructures are expensive
and take a long time to build, especially in remote and thinly
populated areas, mobile networks have taken a prominent
role in the development of the telecommunications sector
and the information society in Africa. Thus, mobile phone
penetration has exploded in Africa since 2004, growing more
than eightfold over the decade to 2013 (Figure 1.16).
In terms of mobile phones per inhabitant, the Top 20 list
for Africa and the EU includes Gabon, Libya, Botswana,
the Seychelles, South Africa and Mali. These African
countries had mobile phone penetration rates that matched
the highest rates in the EU Member States in 2013, and
with the exception of Mali all lay above the EU-28 average
of 1 317 mobile phone subscriptions per 1000 inhabitants.
In contrast, in particular Eritrea (56 subscriptions per
1000 inhabitants) lagged far behind. However, countries
like Burundi, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti and the
Central African Republic all recorded rates of less than 300
subscriptions per 1000 inhabitants, far below the African
average of 742. Nevertheless, most countries with a low
mobile phone penetration registered very high growth
rates. Over the period 2004 to 2013, the highest growth rate
was recorded in Ethiopia, where a penetration of two per
thousand population in 2004 was transformed to a rate of
273 per thousand in 2013. Other countries that recorded
exceptional mobile phone penetration growth rates include
Mali, Rwanda, Guinea and the Comoros, all from very low
starting levels.
(5) More detailed information on tourism, mobile phones, electricity production and production indices can be found in chapter 7.
22
1
Overview
Figure 1.16: Mobile phone subscriptions, top 20 countries, 2013 (number per thousand inhabitants)
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
2 000
2 200
2 400
Latvia
Gabon
Finland
Lithuania
Italy
Libya
Bulgaria
Botswana
Portugal
Austria
Estonia
Denmark
Luxembourg
Seychelles
Sweden
South Af rica
Poland
EU-28 (1)
Malta
United Kingdom
Mali
Af rica (2)
(1) Provisional
(2) Estimate
Source: Eurostat (online data code: isoc_tc_mcsupe and demo_pjan), AUC Statistics Division.
23
Chapter 2: Demography
Demography
2
Demography
Table 2.1.a: Total population, mid-year (1000)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1980
481 519
18 811
7 854
3 560
985
6 862
4 130
9 080
289
2 269
4 608
329
1 815
27 170
8 419
340
44 433
220
2 469
35 409
682
616
11 026
4 628
836
16 261
1 296
1 910
3 063
8 604
6 215
7 183
1 525
966
19 567
12 138
1 013
5 922
74 523
5 197
95
5 636
66
3 261
6 434
29 075
20 509
603
18 661
2 785
6 457
12 655
5 774
7 282
1990
637 806
25 283
10 661
4 795
1 352
8 814
5 681
12 233
354
2 928
6 105
438
2 446
37 016
12 610
560
57 785
379
3 158
48 292
926
896
14 968
6 147
1 022
23 433
1 602
2 167
4 365
11 273
9 451
8 655
1 988
1 056
24 808
13 543
1 417
7 904
97 338
7 150
116
7 538
72
4 084
6 596
36 745
27 091
864
25 455
3 926
8 215
17 731
7 910
10 461
2000
818 270
30 506
14 280
6 659
1 723
11 676
6 473
15 865
439
3 746
8 402
552
3 036
50 829
17 281
730
70 174
529
3 657
65 515
1 233
1 302
19 529
8 384
1 304
31 441
1 889
2 824
5 346
15 275
11 831
10 523
2 604
1 195
28 827
18 249
1 824
11 031
124 842
7 958
140
9 902
81
4 228
7 394
44 872
34 904
1 080
34 131
5 247
9 452
24 433
10 467
12 455
2010
1 029 516
37 063
19 549
9 510
1 969
15 540
9 233
20 624
488
4 350
11 721
683
4 112
62 191
18 977
834
78 076
696
5 741
87 095
1 556
1 681
24 263
10 876
1 587
40 909
2 009
3 958
6 041
21 080
15 014
13 986
3 609
1 231
31 642
23 967
2 179
15 894
159 708
10 837
178
12 951
91
5 752
9 636
51 452
9 941
35 652
1 193
44 973
6 306
10 632
33 987
13 217
13 077
2011
1 055 383
37 763
20 180
9 780
1 987
15 995
9 540
21 156
491
4 436
12 080
700
4 225
63 932
19 390
847
79 392
716
5 933
89 393
1 594
1 735
24 821
11 162
1 624
42 028
2 030
4 080
6 103
21 679
15 458
14 417
3 703
1 235
32 059
24 581
2 218
16 511
164 193
11 144
183
13 331
92
5 865
9 908
51 949
10 381
36 431
1 212
46 355
6 472
10 753
35 148
13 634
13 359
2012
1 081 889
38 482
20 821
10 051
2 004
16 460
9 850
21 700
494
4 525
12 448
718
4 337
65 705
19 840
860
80 722
736
6 131
91 729
1 633
1 791
25 366
11 451
1 664
43 178
2 052
4 190
6 155
22 294
15 906
14 854
3 796
1 240
32 521
25 203
2 259
17 157
168 834
11 458
188
13 726
92
5 979
10 195
52 386
10 838
37 195
1 231
47 783
6 643
10 875
36 346
14 075
13 724
2013
1 108 966
39 208
21 472
10 323
2 021
16 935
10 163
22 254
499
4 616
12 825
735
4 448
67 514
20 316
873
82 056
757
6 333
94 101
1 672
1 849
25 905
11 745
1 704
44 354
2 074
4 294
6 202
22 925
16 363
15 302
3 890
1 244
33 008
25 834
2 303
17 831
173 615
11 777
193
14 133
93
6 092
10 496
52 776
11 296
37 964
1 250
49 253
6 817
10 997
37 579
14 539
14 150
2014
1 136 526
39 929
22 137
10 600
2 039
17 420
10 483
22 819
504
4 709
13 211
752
4 559
69 360
20 805
886
83 387
778
6 536
96 506
1 711
1 909
26 442
12 044
1 746
45 546
2 098
4 397
6 253
23 572
16 829
15 768
3 984
1 249
33 493
26 473
2 348
18 535
178 517
12 100
198
14 548
93
6 205
10 806
53 140
11 739
38 764
1 268
50 757
6 993
11 117
38 845
15 021
14 599
Source: Statistics Division, AUC
26
2
Demography
Table 2.1.b: Total population, 1st January (1000)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
1980
461 647
9 855
8 846
10 316
5 122
78 180
1 472
3 393
9 584
37 242
53 731
4 598
56 388
506
2 509
3 404
363
10 709
315
14 091
7 546
35 413
9 714
22 133
1 893
4 963
4 771
8 303
56 285
227
26
4 079
6 304
:
1 878
2 645
:
44 021
1990
475 161
9 948
8 767
10 362
5 135
79 113
1 571
3 507
10 121
38 826
56 577
4 773
56 694
573
2 668
3 694
379
10 375
352
14 893
7 645
38 038
9 996
23 211
1 996
5 288
4 974
8 527
57 157
254
28
4 233
6 674
:
1 873
3 287
:
55 495
2000
486 958
10 239
8 191
10 278
5 330
82 163
1 401
3 778
10 904
40 050
60 545
4 498
56 924
690
2 382
3 512
434
10 222
380
15 864
8 002
38 263 (b)
10 249
22 455
1 988
5 399
5 171
8 861
58 785
279
32
4 478
7 164
603
2 022
3 058
7 528
66 889
2010
503 235 (b)
10 840
7 422
10 462
5 535
81 802
1 333
4 549
11 184
46 487
64 659
4 303
59 190
819
2 121
3 142
502
10 014
414
16 575
8 352
38 023
10 573
20 295
2 047
5 390
5 351
9 341
62 510
318
36
4 858
7 786
619 (b)
2 053
2 919
7 307
72 561
2011
504 494 (b)
11 001 (b)
7 369
10 487
5 561
81 752
1 330
4 571
11 123
46 667
64 979
4 290
59 365
840
2 075
3 053
512
9 986
415
16 656
8 375
38 063
10 573
20 199
2 050
5 392
5 375
9 416
63 023
318
36
4 920
7 870 (b)
620
2 057
2 832
7 252 (b)
73 723
2012
505 572 (b)
11 095
7 327
10 505
5 581
81 844
1 325
4 583
11 083
46 818
65 277 (b)
4 276
59 394
862
2 045
3 004
525 (b)
9 932 (b)
418
16 730
8 408
38 064
10 542
20 096
2 055
5 404
5 401
9 483
63 495
320
36
4 986
7 955
620
2 060
2 902
7 217
74 724
2013
506 612
11 162
7 285
10 516
5 603
82 021
1 320
4 591
10 991
46 728
65 561
4 262
59 685
866
2 024
2 972
537
9 909
421
16 780
8 452
38 063
10 487
20 020
2 059
5 411
5 427
9 556
63 905
322
37
5 051
8 039
621
2 062
2 899
7 182
75 627
2014
506 825 (b)
11 204
7 246
10 512
5 627
80 767 (b)
1 316
4 606
10 904
46 512
65 836
4 247
60 783
858
2 001
2 943
550
9 877
425
16 829
8 507
38 018
10 427
19 947
2 061
5 416
5 451
9 645
64 308
326
37
5 108
8 140
622
2 066
2 896
7 147
76 668
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan and cpc_psdemo)
27
2
Demography
Table 2.2.a: Female population (% of total)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1980
50.3
49.8
50.8
51.6
51.2
50.5
51.9
50.4
54.1
50.9
50.8
50.0
50.3
51.1
48.0
50.3
49.9
51.3
50.8
50.4
50.8
50.7
49.5
49.8
50.6
50.2
53.9
50.7
46.6
49.7
51.6
49.9
49.8
50.7
50.0
51.1
51.3
50.1
50.3
52.0
50.3
49.4
49.8
51.4
50.6
50.3
49.9
52.5
50.6
50.7
49.3
50.2
50.3
50.3
1990
50.2
49.6
50.7
50.9
50.8
50.7
51.3
50.3
53.1
50.9
50.6
50.0
50.2
50.7
48.1
50.1
49.7
50.8
51.0
50.4
50.5
50.6
49.5
49.6
50.6
50.2
53.6
50.7
47.3
49.9
50.9
50.3
49.8
50.1
50.1
52.2
51.2
50.7
50.3
51.6
50.4
49.8
50.1
51.4
50.5
50.5
49.8
52.9
50.5
50.6
49.5
50.2
50.3
50.3
2000
50.2
49.5
50.7
50.1
50.5
50.5
51.5
50.2
52.5
50.9
50.4
49.9
50.2
50.6
48.5
50.1
49.6
50.5
51.1
50.3
50.4
50.5
49.4
49.5
50.5
50.2
53.2
50.5
47.9
50.1
50.5
50.6
49.5
50.3
50.5
52.0
51.0
50.0
50.1
52.0
50.4
50.2
49.6
51.6
50.5
50.8
49.7
51.8
50.4
50.6
49.5
50.1
50.3
51.1
2010
50.0
49.4
50.5
50.2
49.9
50.4
50.6
50.0
50.4
50.8
50.0
49.7
50.0
50.3
48.9
49.8
49.8
48.7
50.2
50.0
49.8
50.5
50.5
49.9
50.3
50.1
50.9
49.7
49.1
50.2
50.0
49.7
49.7
50.6
50.8
51.3
51.5
49.7
49.2
51.2
50.7
51.0
49.0
50.4
50.3
51.5
50.0
49.8
50.8
50.0
50.8
50.3
49.9
50.1
50.7
2011
50.0
49.4
50.4
50.2
49.8
50.4
50.6
50.0
50.3
50.8
49.9
49.6
50.0
50.3
48.9
49.8
49.8
48.8
50.2
50.0
49.8
50.5
50.5
49.9
50.3
50.1
50.8
49.7
49.3
50.2
49.9
49.6
49.7
50.6
50.8
51.2
51.5
49.7
49.1
51.2
50.7
51.0
48.9
50.4
50.3
51.5
50.0
49.8
50.8
50.0
50.7
50.4
49.9
50.1
50.7
2012
50.0
49.4
50.4
50.2
49.8
50.3
50.6
50.0
50.3
50.8
49.9
49.6
50.0
50.3
49.0
49.8
49.8
48.8
50.1
50.0
49.8
50.5
50.5
49.9
50.3
50.1
50.7
49.7
49.6
50.2
49.9
49.6
49.6
50.6
50.7
51.2
51.5
49.6
49.1
51.2
50.6
51.0
49.0
50.4
50.3
51.5
50.0
49.8
50.7
50.0
50.7
50.4
49.9
50.1
50.7
2013
50.0
49.4
50.4
50.2
49.7
50.3
50.6
50.0
50.2
50.8
49.9
49.6
50.0
50.3
49.0
49.8
49.8
48.8
50.1
50.0
49.7
50.5
50.4
49.9
50.3
50.1
50.7
49.6
50.0
50.2
49.9
49.6
49.6
50.6
50.6
51.1
51.5
49.6
49.1
51.2
50.6
51.0
49.1
50.3
50.3
51.5
50.0
49.8
50.7
50.0
50.7
50.4
49.9
50.1
50.6
2014
50.0
49.5
50.4
50.1
49.6
50.2
50.6
50.0
50.1
50.8
49.9
49.6
50.0
50.3
49.1
49.8
49.8
48.8
50.1
50.0
49.7
50.5
50.4
49.9
50.3
50.1
50.6
49.6
50.3
50.2
49.9
49.6
49.6
50.7
50.5
51.1
51.4
49.6
49.1
51.2
50.6
50.9
49.2
50.3
50.2
51.4
50.0
49.8
50.6
50.0
50.7
50.5
49.9
50.1
50.6
28
2
Demography
Table 2.2.b: Female population (% of total)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
1980
:
51.1
50.2
51.5
50.6
52.5
53.7
49.7
50.9
50.9
51.2
:
51.3
50.4
54.0
52.9
51.0
51.6
51.5
50.4
52.8
51.3
51.9
50.7
51.5
50.8
51.7
50.4
51.3
49.6
50.0
50.4
51.4
:
:
:
:
49.2
1990
51.4
51.1
50.7
51.4
50.7
51.8
53.2
50.3
50.8
51.0
51.3
51.5
51.4
50.1
53.5
52.7
51.1
52.0
50.7
50.6
52.2
51.3
51.8
50.7
51.5
51.1
51.5
50.6
51.4
49.8
51.1
50.5
51.2
:
:
:
:
49.3
2000
51.3
51.1
51.3
51.3
50.6
51.2
53.4
50.3
50.5
51.0
51.5
51.9
51.6
50.8
53.9
53.2
50.7
52.4
50.4
50.5
51.7
51.5 (b)
51.8
51.1
51.2
51.4
51.2
50.6
51.3
49.9
51.3
50.5
51.1
50.8
50.0
49.9
51.4
49.5
2010
51.2 (b)
51.0
51.3
50.9
50.4
51.0
53.4
50.3
50.9
50.6
51.6
51.8
51.6
51.2
54.2
53.8
50.3
52.5
50.2
50.5
51.3
51.6
52.1
51.3
50.5
51.3
50.9
50.2
50.9
49.6
50.5
50.0
50.8
50.7 (b)
49.9
50.0
51.4
49.7
2011
51.2 (b)
50.9 (b)
51.3
50.9
50.4
50.9
53.4
50.4
51.0
50.6
51.6
51.8
51.6
51.3
54.3
53.9
50.3
52.5
50.3
50.5
51.3
51.6
52.2
51.3
50.5
51.3
50.9
50.2
50.9
49.8
50.5
50.0
50.7 (b)
50.6
49.9
49.9
51.3 (b)
49.8
2012
51.2 (b)
50.9
51.3
50.9
50.4
50.9
53.4
50.5
51.1
50.7
51.6 (b)
51.8
51.6
51.4
54.3
53.9
50.1 (b)
52.4 (b)
50.3
50.5
51.3
51.6
52.3
51.3
50.5
51.3
50.9
50.2
50.9
49.8
50.5
49.9
50.7
50.6
49.9
49.9
51.3
49.8
2013
51.2
50.8
51.3
50.9
50.4
50.8
53.3
50.5
51.2
50.7
51.6
51.7
51.6
51.4
54.2
53.9
50.0
52.4
50.2
50.5
51.2
51.6
52.4
51.2
50.5
51.3
50.9
50.1
50.8
49.8
50.5
49.8
50.6
50.6
49.9
49.7
51.3
49.8
2014
51.2 (b)
50.8
51.4
50.9
50.4
51.0 (b)
53.3
50.5
51.4
50.8
51.6
51.7
51.5
51.3
54.2
53.9
49.9
52.4
50.1
50.5
51.1
51.6
52.5
51.1
50.5
51.3
50.8
50.1
50.8
49.9
50.4
49.7
50.6
50.6
49.9
49.6
51.3
49.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan and cpc_psdemo)
29
2
Demography
Table 2.3.a : Life expectancy at birth (years)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
56.0
71.7
46.0
60.0
51.0
53.8
44.8
61.2
71.0
46.2
50.2
65.0
54.0
47.6
50.9
54.5
70.0
49.0
58.0
54.0
59.5
64.9
56.5
54.0
46.9
52.5
44.8
57.0
71.0
58.9
45.9
57.8
59.5
72.0
72.0
47.1
59.0
56.4
58.7
48.0
66.0
56.7
72.0
46.4
49.5
52.0
54.0
45.0
53.7
54.2
73.0
50.3
53.0
41.7
2006
56.7
72.0
46.0
61.0
52.0
56.7
44.6
61.2
71.0
46.4
50.2
65.4
55.0
47.6
51.3
54.8
70.0
50.0
59.0
54.0
59.7
65.1
56.5
54.0
46.0
53.0
41.0
57.5
72.0
59.4
46.4
58.3
59.9
72.0
72.0
47.4
59.0
56.8
58.7
49.0
66.0
57.0
72.0
46.9
49.6
52.0
54.0
45.0
54.3
61.8
74.0
51.1
52.0
42.4
2007
56.9
72.0
47.0
61.0
53.0
56.7
44.6
61.2
71.0
46.7
52.2
65.8
55.0
46.0
51.6
55.1
70.0
50.0
59.0
55.0
60.1
65.2
56.5
54.0
46.2
53.6
41.3
57.9
72.0
59.9
48.0
58.8
60.3
73.0
72.0
50.9
60.0
57.2
58.7
50.0
66.0
57.3
73.0
47.3
49.7
51.0
54.0
43.3
55.0
62.2
74.0
51.9
51.0
43.4
2008
57.1
72.0
47.0
61.0
54.0
56.8
49.3
51.1
71.0
47.0
52.2
66.2
56.0
47.7
52.0
55.4
70.0
50.0
60.0
55.0
60.5
65.4
56.6
54.0
46.4
54.3
41.6
58.3
72.0
60.4
51.0
59.3
60.7
73.0
73.0
51.3
61.0
57.6
58.7
50.0
67.0
57.5
72,9
47.6
49.9
52.0
54.0
45.8
55.7
62.6
74.0
52.7
51.0
43.3
2009
57.5
73.0
48.0
62.0
55.0
56.8
49.3
51.4
72.0
47.4
52.2
66.5
:
47.8
52.3
55.8
70.0
51.0
60.0
56.0
60.9
65.1
56.8
58.4
47.0
54.9
41.8
58.7
72.0
60.8
51.7
59.8
61.1
73.0
73.0
51.7
62.0
58.0
58.7
51.0
67.0
57.8
72,9
47.9
50.1
52.0
54.0
46.4
56.3
62.9
74.0
53.5
51.0
45.7
2010
55.4
72.9
50.7
62.0
53.2
58.1
50.0
51.1
74.0
47.7
49.2
60.6
57.0
48.1
54.7
57.6
73.0
50.8
61.2
58.7
62.3
58.2
63.8
59.4
47.7
56.6
47.6
56.2
74.6
66.5
52.5
51.0
58.3
73.1
71.9
52.1
62.2
58.4
51.4
55.1
64.4
58.0
73.2
47.4
50.9
52.2
57.1
45.1
58.1
56.6
74.3
53.7
48.5
50.0
2011
55.6
73.1
51.1
62.0
53.2
55.4
50.4
51.6
74.2
48.4
49.6
61.1
57.4
48.4
55.4
57.9
73.2
51.1
61.6
59.3
62.7
58.5
64.2
59.6
48.1
57.1
48.2
56.8
74.8
66.7
53.4
51.4
58.6
73.2
72.2
52.4
62.5
58.8
51.9
55.4
64.7
59.0
72.6
47.8
51.2
52.8
57.1
45.2
:
57.1
74.5
54.1
49.0
51.4
2012
58.1
73.4
51.5
56.5
53.0
55.9
50.9
52.1
74.3
49.1
49.9
61.5
57.8
48.7
56.0
58.3
73.5
51.4
62.0
59.7
63.1
58.8
64.6
54.5
48.6
57.7
48.7
57.3
75.0
66.9
54.8
51.9
58.9
73.5
72.4
50.7
62.6
55.1
52.3
55.7
64.9
59.6
:
48.1
51.5
53.4
59.8
61.8
48.9
58.9
57.5
74.7
54.5
49.4
52.7
2013
:
71.0
51.9
:
:
:
51.4
55.0
:
50.2
:
:
:
:
:
61.8
70.8
:
62.9
59.7
:
66.3
:
:
48.9
:
49.4
60.6
75.3
64.7
:
:
61.6
:
72.4
53.1
:
59.6
:
64.1
:
58.9
:
45.6
55.1
56.9
:
61.8
45.5
:
56.5
:
:
:
:
2014
60.3
71.1
52.3
59.5
68.0
56.7
54.5
55.5
75.4
50.8
51.6
61.5
59.2
50.3
51.1
62.3
71.4
53.5
63.4
64.2
63.8
59.0
61.3
56.4
52.4
61.0
49.8
60.9
75.5
65.2
55.8
55.4
61.7
73.8
71.2
53.5
64.8
58.9
52.9
64.5
66.5
63.6
73.4
45.8
55.4
57.4
60.6
62.6
45.6
62.1
56.9
76.1
59.7
59.0
61.2
30
2
Demography
Table 2.3.b : Life expectancy at birth (years)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
78.5
79.1
72.5
76.1
78.3
79.4
73.0
79.0
79.5
80.3
80.3
75.3
80.9
78.7
70.6
71.2
79.6
73.0
79.4
79.6
79.5
75.0
78.2
72.3
77.5
74.1
79.1
80.7
79.2
81.5
80.7
80.3
81.5
74.2
73.7
:
72.8
:
2006
78.9
79.5
72.7
76.7
78.4
79.9
73.2
79.3
79.8
81.1
81.0
75.9
81.4
80.1
70.6
71.0
79.4
73.5
79.5
80.0
80.1
75.3
79.0
72.5
78.3
74.5
79.5
81.0
79.5
81.2
81.0
80.6
81.8
73.9
73.9
:
73.4
:
2007
79.1
79.9
73.0 (b)
77.0
78.4
80.1
73.2
79.7
79.7
81.1
81.3
75.8
81.6
79.8
70.8
70.7
79.5
73.6
79.9
80.4
80.3
75.4
79.3
73.1
78.4
74.6
79.6
81.1
79.7
81.5
81.4
80.6
82.0
74.4
73.8
:
73.7
:
2008
79.4 (b)
79.8
73.3
77.3
78.8
80.2
74.4
80.2
80.2
81.5
81.4
76.0
81.7
80.6
72.1
71.7
80.7
74.2
79.7
80.5
80.6
75.6
79.5
73.5
79.1 (b)
74.9
79.9
81.3
79.8
81.6
82.9
80.8
82.3
75.2
74.4
:
73.9
:
2009
79.6 (b)
80.1
73.7
77.4
79.0
80.3
75.3
80.2
80.4
81.9
81.5
76.3
81.8
81.0
72.8
72.9
80.8
74.4
80.4
80.9
80.5
75.9 (b)
79.7
73.7
79.4
75.3
80.1
81.5
80.4
81.8
81.7
81.0
82.3
75.2
74.4
:
74.0
76.0
2010
79.9
80.3
73.8
77.7
79.3
80.5
76.0
80.8
80.6
82.4
81.8
76.7
82.2
81.5
73.1
73.3
80.8
74.7
81.5
81.0
80.7
76.4
80.1
73.7
79.8
75.6
80.2
81.6
80.6
81.9
81.8
81.2
82.7
76.1
75.0
:
74.4
76.8
2011
80.3 (b)
80.7 (b)
74.2
78.0
79.9
80.8
76.6
80.9
80.8
82.6
82.3
77.2
82.4
81.2
73.9
73.7
81.1
75.1
80.9
81.3
81.1
76.8
80.7
74.4
80.1
76.1
80.6
81.9
81.0
82.4
81.9
81.4
82.8 (b)
76.1
75.1
:
74.6 (b)
77.1
2012
80.3 (b)
80.5
74.4
78.1
80.2
81.0
76.7
80.9
80.7
82.5
82.1
77.3
82.4
81.1
74.1
74.1
81.5 (b)
75.3 (b)
80.9
81.2
81.1
76.9
80.6
74.4
80.3
76.3
80.7
81.8
81.0
83.0
82.5
81.5
82.8
76.3
74.9
:
74.9
77.6
2013
80.6
80.7
74.9
78.3
80.4
80.9
77.5
81.1
81.4
83.2
82.4
77.8
82.9
82.5
74.3
74.1
81.9
75.8
81.9
81.4
81.3
77.1
80.9
75.2
80.5
76.6
81.1
82.0
81.1
82.1
82.5
81.8
82.9
76.5
75.5
:
75.3
78.2
2014
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_mlexpec)
31
2
Demography
Table 2.4.a : Share of economically active population in total population (%)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
37.7
36.3
43.4
39.6
36.3
44.0
47.6
37.1
34.4
44.2
39.0
52.5
40.0
37.9
36.4
40.7
29.8
39.0
38.6
44.6
44.3
44.9
43.7
47.5
38.2
45.6
42.4
37.0
34.5
45.6
41.8
26.0
40.9
44.6
35.2
47.1
32.2
33.1
30.1
44.1
31.4
41.9
44.4
38.7
39.5
35.6
29.9
39.3
49.5
38.7
33.7
43.4
38.1
41.5
2006
36.7
29.4
35.1
35.8
48.5
46.8
43.9
37.5
40.0
43.6
36.1
33.7
38.9
38.1
38.2
32.2
32.4
50.3
43.9
44.2
34.9
42.8
40.1
36.2
38.5
35.6
41.5
32.2
37.8
45.2
41.9
29.7
28.7
45.7
35.1
44.1
38.4
31.4
29.5
46.5
32.4
39.8
:
37.9
30.3
36.2
36.4
32.0
47.6
44.2
33.3
38.0
40.7
48.5
2007
36.8
29.5
34.9
35.9
49.1
46.9
44.2
37.6
41.1
43.8
36.0
33.8
39.0
38.2
38.4
32.8
33.2
50.6
44.0
44.4
35.1
42.8
40.2
36.1
38.7
35.8
41.4
32.5
38.1
45.4
41.4
29.8
29.2
46.0
35.3
43.9
39.4
31.3
29.5
46.6
32.3
39.9
38.0
30.1
36.5
36.6
32.4
47.4
44.3
33.7
38.0
40.5
48.4
2008
39.3
39.9
43.5
39.3
36.6
47.0
46.9
36.8
38.4
46.2
39.5
56.2
37.6
41.2
41.9
44.7
34.7
38.6
36.6
47.3
45.4
48.0
45.6
45.7
38.7
46.2
44.4
38.0
39.6
46.8
43.5
25.5
39.8
47.6
37.3
45.3
34.3
32.8
30.7
43.5
32.1
43.1
43.4
37.9
38.8
36.1
37.9
40.6
49.5
42.7
35.9
43.7
38.9
42.0
2009
39.4
40.2
43.3
39.5
37.1
47.4
46.6
36.9
39.3
46.5
39.5
56.4
37.2
41.1
42.3
45.1
35.0
38.6
36.4
47.7
45.5
48.0
45.7
45.6
38.7
46.2
44.5
38.1
39.9
47.3
43.5
25.3
39.9
47.8
37.6
45.1
34.8
32.8
30.8
43.6
31.7
43.3
43.1
38.0
38.7
36.0
38.1
40.6
49.6
42.9
36.3
43.7
38.9
42.3
2010
37.1
30.0
35.2
36.4
51.0
47.4
45.1
38.0
44.7
44.5
36.0
34.2
39.3
38.9
38.8
34.6
34.1
51.4
44.1
45.1
35.9
43.1
40.7
36.1
39.3
36.3
42.3
33.4
38.6
46.2
41.9
30.2
30.0
48.3
34.6
43.6
41.4
31.2
29.6
46.8
32.2
40.4
:
38.6
29.7
35.1
37.6
33.6
47.1
44.8
34.8
37.9
40.0
47.8
2011
37.2
30.2
35.3
36.5
51.4
47.4
44.8
38.0
45.7
44.7
35.9
34.3
39.3
39.0
39.0
35.2
34.4
51.5
44.1
45.4
36.2
43.1
40.9
36.2
39.3
36.5
42.7
33.6
38.1
46.5
41.9
30.3
30.2
48.8
34.7
43.5
41.8
31.1
29.6
46.7
32.3
40.4
:
38.7
29.6
35.3
37.9
33.9
47.0
44.9
35.0
37.8
39.7
48.1
2012
37.3
30.3
35.4
36.7
51.8
47.5
44.5
38.1
46.7
45.0
35.9
34.5
39.2
39.2
39.2
35.7
34.6
51.6
44.0
45.7
36.4
43.1
41.2
36.3
39.4
36.6
43.1
33.8
37.5
46.7
42.0
30.4
30.3
49.1
34.8
43.5
42.2
31.0
29.6
46.8
32.5
40.5
:
39.0
29.5
35.5
:
38.3
34.2
46.9
44.9
35.2
37.8
39.5
48.3
2013
37.4
30.3
35.6
36.9
52.2
47.6
44.1
38.2
47.5
45.2
35.9
34.7
39.2
39.4
39.4
36.2
34.8
51.8
44.0
46.0
36.6
43.1
41.5
36.6
39.5
36.8
43.5
34.0
36.8
47.0
42.1
30.5
30.4
49.4
34.9
43.4
42.5
31.0
29.7
46.8
32.8
40.6
:
39.3
29.4
35.7
:
38.7
34.6
46.8
45.0
35.4
37.8
39.2
48.6
2014
37.5
30.3
35.9
37.1
52.5
47.8
43.7
38.3
48.3
45.5
35.9
34.9
39.2
39.7
39.7
36.7
35.0
51.9
44.0
46.3
36.8
43.2
41.8
36.8
39.5
36.9
43.9
34.2
36.2
47.3
42.3
30.7
30.5
49.7
34.9
43.4
42.8
31.0
29.7
46.9
33.0
40.7
:
39.6
29.4
35.8
:
39.1
34.9
46.8
45.1
35.6
37.8
39.0
48.8
32
2
Demography
Table 2.4.b : Share of economically active population in total population (%)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
47.9
44.3
42.8
50.7
53.4
49.7 (b)
48.6
49.7
43.8
48.2 (b)
43.7
41.8
42.2
50.1
50.8
47.9
44.0
41.6
39.6
52.4
49.2
44.9
53.3
45.9
50.8
49.2
50.0
52.3 (b)
50.0
55.9
:
51.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
2006
47.4
44.2
44.8
50.9
53.8
50.1
51.3 (b)
50.9
44.8
49.5
43.6
41.8
42.0
50.3
49.8
46.1
43.7
42.1
40.1
53.1
48.9
44.3 (b)
52.8
47.1
51.0
49.4
50.4 (b)
52.7
50.6
57.6
:
52.5
:
:
:
:
:
30.9
2007
47.6
44.7
46.2
50.7
53.5
50.4
51.3
51.8 (b)
44.7
50.1
43.7
44.6
41.9
51.9
50.9
46.6
44.4 (b)
41.9
41.0
53.9
49.8
44.1
53.1
47.3
51.5
49.3
50.7
53.1
50.6
58.4
:
53.4
:
:
:
:
:
32.7
2008
47.9
44.8
47.4
50.6
54.0
50.5
51.8
51.0
44.7
50.5
43.8
44.9
42.2
51.2
52.2
47.2
44.0
41.6
41.3
54.3
50.1
44.5
53.0
48.1
51.8 (b)
50.0
51.0
53.3
50.8
57.8
:
54.4
:
:
:
:
:
33.3
2009
47.8
44.6
46.8
50.7
53.5
50.7
51.4
49.3
45.0
50.3
43.9
44.9
41.7
50.7 (b)
50.9
48.0
46.4
41.5
41.7
54.5
50.5
45.2 (b)
52.5
48.3
51.3
49.9
50.3
53.0
50.7
56.1
:
53.8
:
:
:
:
:
34.1
2010
47.6 (b)
45.2
45.9
50.4
52.8
50.8
51.1
48.0
45.0
50.3
43.9
44.5
41.5
51.5
49.8
48.3
46.1
42.0
42.2
53.1 (b)
50.5
45.0 (b)
52.4
46.1 (b)
50.9
50.2
49.9
53.0
50.5
56.4
:
53.4
:
:
:
:
:
34.9 (b)
2011
47.4 (b)
44.1 (b)
45.3 (b)
49.8 (b)
52.6
50.4 (b)
51.8
47.4
44.4
50.2
43.7
43.9
41.5
51.4
49.6
48.5
46.2
42.3
42.9
52.4 (b)
50.7
45.2
51.3 (b)
45.5
49.7
49.7 (b)
49.9
53.3
50.5
56.1
:
53.3
:
:
:
:
:
35.9
2012
47.7 (b)
44.1
45.6
50.0
52.1
50.5
51.6
47.0
44.1
50.1
43.8 (b)
43.6
42.5
50.7
50.4
49.0
47.4 (b)
43.3 (b)
43.5
53.0
51.1
45.6
51.1
45.9
49.3
50.1
49.8
53.4
50.6
55.9
:
53.6
:
:
:
:
:
36.2
2013
47.7
44.3
46.3
50.5
51.6
50.9
51.5
47.1
44.1
49.6
43.9 (b)
43.2
42.3
50.1
50.1
49.3
47.2
43.7
44.5
53.2
51.3 (b)
45.6
50.4
46.0
48.9
50.2
49.3
53.5
50.7
56.9
:
53.4
:
:
:
:
:
37.0
2014
47.8 (b)
44.3
46.5
50.4
51.6
52.0 (b)
51.3
46.8
44.1
49.4
43.8
44.6
42.0
50.4
49.6
50.2
47.5
45.0
45.2
52.9
51.2
45.8
50.1
46.3
49.2
50.3
49.2
53.7
50.8
56.9
:
53.3
:
:
:
:
:
37.6
Source: Eurostat (online data code: lfsi_act_a and demo_pjan)
33
2
Demography
Definitions
Population on 1 January: the inhabitants of a given area on
1 January of the year in question (or, in some cases, on 31
December of the previous year). The population is based on
data from the most recent census adjusted by the components
of population change produced since the last census, or based
on population registers.
Mid-year population relates to de facto population - i.e. all
persons who are present in a given area - on a date close to 1
July. It includes, for instance, all foreigners on holiday in that
area on the reference date and excludes residents on holiday
in another area.
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a
newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality
of the total population at the time of his/her birth were to
remain the same throughout his/her life.
Economically active population: the economically active
population comprises all employed and unemployed persons
(including those seeking jobs for the first time). It covers
employers, persons working on their own account, salaried
employees, wage earners, unpaid family workers, cooperative
workers, and members of the armed forces.
34
Chapter 3: Health
Health
3
Health
Table 3.1.a: Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2007
110
31
197
108
58
140
108
117
28
164
172
93
80
145
121
83
27
116
64
94
72
91
86
126
149
91
120
100
20
73
104
156
106
16
38
120
65
151
147
84
64
84
14
192
171
73
126
90
118
77
101
21
95
115
96
2008
105
30
192
103
58
131
102
113
28
161
169
91
72
140
117
81
25
113
61
87
69
88
85
121
144
86
117
93
19
69
96
149
103
16
37
113
62
141
142
76
61
77
14
186
168
69
121
88
115
71
99
19
89
110
96
2009
100
28
188
99
55
122
98
109
28
157
165
88
66
135
113
78
24
109
58
81
66
85
84
117
140
83
113
87
18
66
89
143
101
16
35
107
59
132
136
69
59
71
14
181
164
63
116
85
108
66
96
18
83
105
97
2010
96
27
182
96
52
114
94
104
28
153
160
86
60
131
109
76
24
106
56
76
64
82
83
112
136
80
109
82
17
63
83
137
98
15
34
103
56
124
131
64
57
66
14
175
159
53
111
83
94
61
93
17
78
101
96
2011
92
27
178
92
51
108
90
101
27
148
156
83
56
126
106
74
23
102
54
71
61
79
82
108
132
76
102
78
16
61
77
132
96
15
33
97
53
116
126
59
55
62
14
171
155
48
107
81
87
57
90
17
74
96
94
2012
88
26
173
89
48
102
86
97
27
143
152
80
52
122
103
72
22
99
52
68
58
76
80
104
128
73
100
74
15
58
71
128
93
15
32
91
51
110
122
55
53
58
14
166
150
45
103
79
82
54
88
16
69
90
89
2013
85
25
167
85
47
98
83
95
26
139
148
78
49
119
100
70
22
96
50
64
56
74
78
101
124
71
98
71
15
56
68
123
90
14
30
87
50
104
117
52
51
55
14
161
146
44
99
77
80
52
85
15
66
87
89
36
3
Health
Table 3.1.b: Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2007
5
5
11
4
5
5
6
4
4
4
5
6
4
4
10
8
3
7
7
5
4
7
4
14
4
8
4
3
6
3
3
4
5
9
12
:
8
:
2008
5
4
10
3
5
4
6
4
3
4
5
5
4
4
8
7
3
6
10
5
4
7
4
13
3
7
3
3
5
4
0
3
4
8
11
:
8
:
2009
5
4
11
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
4
4
9
7
4
6
6
5
5
6
5
12
3
7
3
3
5
2
5
4
5
6
13
:
8
17
2010
5
4
11
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
7
6
4
6
7
5
5
6
3
12
3
7
3
3
5
3
3
3
4
8
8
:
8
16
2011
5
4
10
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
3
4
8
6
5
6
7
4
4
6
4
12
4
6
3
3
5
2
3
3
4
6
9
:
7
15
2012
5
5
9
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
7
5
3
6
6
4
4
5
4
11
2
7
3
3
5
2
11
3
4
6
11
:
7
14
2013
:
4
9
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
5
4
2
6
5
4
6
7
4
4
5
4
11
3
7
2
3
:
3
6
3
4
5
11
10
7
13
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_magec and demo_fasec)
37
3
Health
Table 3.2.a: Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
75
29
122
75
43
86
75
78
23
111
101
70
62
105
89
71
26
87
47
70
50
57
58
85
96
61
85
83
20
55
73
97
75
14
35
91
46
82
97
67
48
57
12
128
105
51
87
61
81
57
68
20
68
76
57
2006
72
28
120
72
43
83
72
76
23
109
100
69
57
102
87
69
24
85
46
65
49
56
57
82
94
59
84
77
19
52
68
93
74
14
34
87
44
79
94
61
46
55
12
125
105
50
83
60
76
54
67
19
64
73
57
2007
70
26
117
69
43
79
69
73
24
108
99
68
53
100
84
67
23
82
44
61
48
55
57
79
91
58
82
72
17
49
64
90
73
14
33
82
42
75
91
55
44
52
12
122
104
47
79
59
75
50
65
18
61
70
58
2008
67
25
115
66
43
76
66
71
24
107
97
66
49
97
82
66
21
80
42
57
46
54
56
77
89
56
82
67
16
47
59
88
72
14
31
78
41
72
88
50
43
51
12
120
102
46
76
58
74
47
64
17
57
67
58
2009
65
24
112
64
41
73
63
69
24
105
95
65
45
95
79
64
21
78
41
54
45
53
56
74
87
54
80
64
15
45
55
85
71
14
30
74
39
69
85
47
41
49
12
117
100
40
73
56
68
44
62
16
54
65
59
2010
62
24
110
62
40
70
61
66
23
103
94
63
42
92
77
62
20
76
39
51
43
52
55
71
85
52
77
60
14
44
53
83
70
13
29
72
38
66
82
44
40
47
12
114
97
35
71
55
63
41
61
15
51
64
59
2011
60
23
107
60
39
68
59
64
23
100
92
61
39
90
75
61
19
73
38
48
42
51
54
69
82
50
73
58
14
42
49
81
69
13
28
68
36
64
79
41
39
46
12
112
95
34
68
54
58
39
59
14
49
59
58
2012
59
22
104
58
37
66
57
62
22
98
90
59
37
88
73
59
19
71
37
46
40
50
53
67
80
49
74
56
13
41
46
79
68
13
27
64
36
62
77
39
38
45
12
110
92
34
66
53
57
38
57
14
45
57
55
2013
57
22
102
56
36
64
55
61
22
96
89
58
36
86
71
57
19
69
36
44
39
49
52
65
78
48
73
54
12
40
44
78
67
13
26
62
35
60
74
37
37
44
12
107
90
33
64
51
56
36
56
13
44
56
55
38
3
Health
Table 3.2.b: Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
5
4
10
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
6
4
5
8
7
3
6
5
5
4
6
4
15
4
7
3
2
5
2
3
3
4
8
13
8
8
24
2006
5
4
10
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
3
7
7
3
6
4
4
4
6
3
14
3
7
3
3
5
1
6
3
4
11
12
7
7
23
2007
5
4
9
3
4
4
5
3
4
3
4
6
4
4
9
6
2
6
7
4
4
6
3
12
3
6
3
3
5
2
0
3
4
7
10
6
7
17
2008
4
4
9
3
4
4
5
4
3
3
4
5
3
4
7
6
2
6
9
4
4
6
3
11
2
6
3
3
5
3
0
3
4
8
10
6
7
16
2009
4
4
9
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
5
3
3
8
6
3
5
6
4
4
6
4
10
2
6
3
3
5
2
3
3
4
6
12
:
7
14
2010
4
4
9
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
6
5
3
5
6
4
4
5
3
10
3
6
2
3
4
2
3
3
4
7
8
:
7
12
2011
4
3
9
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
4
5
3
3
7
5
4
5
7
4
4
5
3
9
3
5
2
2
4
1
3
2
4
4
8
:
6
12
2012
4
4
8
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
6
4
3
5
5
4
3
5
3
9
2
6
2
3
4
1
8
3
4
4
10
:
6
12
2013
4
4
7
3
4
3
2
4
4
3
4
4
3
2
4
4
4
5
7
4
3
5
3
9
3
6
2
3
4
2
6
2
4
4
10
8
6
11
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_minfind)
39
3
Health
Table 3.3.a: Births registered (per 1000 inhabitants)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
37
21
49
40
25
45
44
40
24
37
50
39
39
46
37
29
24
38
40
39
33
44
34
40
40
39
29
40
23
38
42
48
37
15
20
44
29
51
42
38
38
39
19
42
47
23
40
38
32
42
38
17
47
44
32
2006
37
22
49
40
25
44
44
40
23
37
49
39
39
46
36
29
24
38
40
38
33
44
34
40
40
38
29
40
23
37
42
48
37
14
20
43
29
51
42
38
38
39
17
41
47
23
39
37
31
42
38
17
46
44
32
2007
37
23
48
39
25
44
44
40
22
36
49
39
39
45
36
29
24
38
40
37
33
44
33
39
40
38
28
39
23
37
42
48
36
14
20
43
28
51
42
38
38
39
18
40
46
22
39
36
31
42
38
17
46
44
32
2008
37
24
48
39
25
44
45
39
22
36
48
38
39
45
36
29
24
37
39
36
33
44
33
39
39
38
28
38
22
36
42
48
36
13
21
42
28
50
42
38
37
39
18
40
46
22
38
36
31
41
38
18
46
43
32
2009
36
24
47
38
25
43
45
39
21
35
48
38
39
44
36
29
24
37
39
35
33
43
33
39
39
37
28
38
22
36
41
48
36
12
21
41
27
50
42
37
37
39
18
39
46
22
38
35
31
41
38
18
45
43
32
2010
36
25
46
38
24
43
45
39
21
35
47
37
39
44
37
28
24
37
38
35
33
43
32
38
39
37
28
37
22
35
41
48
35
12
22
41
27
50
42
37
36
39
17
38
45
22
37
35
31
41
37
19
45
43
32
2011
36
25
46
37
24
42
45
38
21
35
47
36
38
44
37
28
24
36
38
34
32
43
32
38
38
36
28
37
22
35
40
48
35
12
22
40
27
50
42
36
36
38
19
38
45
21
37
34
31
40
37
19
44
43
32
2012
36
25
45
37
24
41
45
38
20
34
46
36
38
43
37
28
24
36
37
34
32
43
31
37
38
36
28
36
21
35
40
47
34
12
23
39
26
50
42
36
35
38
19
37
44
21
37
34
30
40
37
19
44
43
32
2013
35
24
44
36
24
41
45
37
20
34
46
35
38
43
37
27
23
35
37
33
32
43
31
37
37
35
27
35
21
35
40
47
34
11
23
39
26
50
41
35
34
38
19
37
44
21
36
33
30
39
36
20
43
43
31
2014
35
24
43
36
:
40
44
37
20
34
45
:
37
42
36
27
23
35
36
33
31
42
30
36
38
:
27
35
20
34
39
47
34
11
23
38
26
50
41
35
33
37
16
36
43
21
36
33
30
39
36
17
43
43
31
40
3
Health
Table 3.3.b: Births registered (per 1000 inhabitants)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
10
11
9
10
12
8
11
15
10
11
13
10
10
11
10
9
12
10
10
12
10
10
10
10
9
10
11
11
12
14
11
12
10
12
11
13
10
19
2006
11
12
10
10
12
8
11
15
10
11
13
10
10
12
10
9
12
10
9
11
9
10
10
10
9
10
11
12
12
15
10
13
10
12
11
11
10
19
2007
11
12
10
11
12
8
12
16
10
11
13
10
10
11
11
9
11
10
9
11
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
13
15
10
12
10
13
11
11
9
18
2008
11
12
10
12
12
8
12
17
11
11
13
10
10
12
11
10
12
10
10
11
9
11
10
11
11
11
11
12
13
15
10
13
10
13
11
11
9
18
2009
11
12
11
11
11
8
12
17
11
11
13
10
10
12
10
10
11
10
10
11
9
11
9
11
11
11
11
12
13
16
11
13
10
14
12
:
10
18
2010
11
12
10
11
11
8
12
17
10
10
13
10
10
12
9
10
12
9
9
11
9
11
10
11
11
11
11
12
13
15
9
13
10
12
12
:
9
17
2011
10
12
10
10
11
8
11
16
10
10
13
10
9
11
9
10
11
9
10
11
9
10
9
10
11
11
11
12
13
14
11
12
10
12
11
:
9
17
2012
10
12
10
10
10
8
11
16
9
10
13
10
9
12
10
10
11
9
10
11
9
10
9
10
11
10
11
12
13
14
10
12
10
12
11
:
9
17
2013
10
11
9
10
10
9
10
15
9
9
12
9
9
11
10
10
11
9
10
10
9
10
8
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
9
12
10
12
11
12
9
17
2014
10
11
9
10
10
9
10
14
9
9
12
9
8
11
11
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
8
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
10
12
10
12
11
12
9
17
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_gind)
41
3
Health
Table 3.4.a: Deaths registered (per 1000 inhabitants)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
12
6
16
11
17
13
15
14
5
18
17
10
12
17
16
10
7
16
8
10
11
11
10
13
14
11
18
11
4
8
14
15
9
7
6
16
10
13
16
11
8
9
8
20
14
15
14
9
15
12
12
6
12
15
16
2006
12
6
16
10
17
13
14
13
5
18
17
10
12
17
16
10
7
15
8
10
10
11
10
13
14
11
18
11
4
8
14
15
9
7
6
16
9
13
15
10
8
9
7
19
14
15
14
9
15
11
12
6
12
14
15
2007
12
6
16
10
17
13
14
13
5
17
16
9
12
17
15
10
7
15
8
9
10
10
10
13
13
10
17
10
4
8
13
15
9
7
6
16
9
13
15
9
7
8
8
19
14
15
13
9
15
11
12
6
11
13
14
2008
11
6
15
10
17
12
14
13
5
17
16
9
11
16
15
9
7
15
8
9
10
10
9
12
13
10
17
10
4
8
13
14
9
7
6
15
8
12
14
8
7
8
8
18
13
14
13
9
15
10
11
6
11
13
13
2009
11
6
15
10
17
12
14
13
5
16
15
9
11
16
15
9
7
14
7
8
10
10
9
12
13
9
16
9
4
7
12
14
9
7
6
15
8
12
14
8
7
8
7
18
13
14
13
9
14
10
11
6
10
12
12
2010
11
6
15
10
17
12
13
12
5
16
15
9
11
16
15
9
7
14
7
8
9
10
9
12
13
9
16
9
4
7
12
14
9
7
6
15
8
12
14
8
7
8
8
18
13
14
12
9
14
9
11
6
10
11
11
2011
11
6
14
10
17
11
13
12
5
15
15
9
10
16
14
9
7
14
7
8
9
10
9
12
13
8
15
9
4
7
12
13
9
7
6
14
7
11
13
7
7
8
7
17
13
13
12
8
14
9
11
6
10
11
10
2012
10
6
14
9
17
11
13
12
5
15
14
9
10
15
14
9
6
13
7
8
9
10
9
11
13
8
15
9
4
7
11
13
9
8
6
14
7
11
13
7
7
8
7
17
12
13
12
8
14
9
11
6
9
10
9
2013
10
6
14
9
:
11
13
11
5
14
14
:
10
15
14
9
6
13
7
7
9
10
9
11
15
:
15
9
4
7
11
13
9
8
6
14
7
11
13
7
7
8
8
17
12
13
11
8
14
8
10
6
9
10
8
2014
10
6
14
9
:
11
13
11
5
14
14
:
10
15
14
9
6
13
7
7
9
10
9
11
15
:
15
9
4
7
11
13
9
8
6
14
7
11
13
7
7
8
8
17
12
13
11
8
14
8
10
6
9
10
8
42
3
Health
Table 3.4.b: Deaths registered (per 1000 inhabitants)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
10
10
15
11
10
10
13
7
9
9
9
12
10
7
15
13
8
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
10
10
6
6
9
8
10
9
5
14
6
2006
10
10
15
10
10
10
13
7
9
8
8
12
10
7
15
14
8
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
10
9
6
6
9
8
10
9
5
14
6
2007
10
10
15
10
10
10
13
6
10
9
8
12
10
7
15
14
8
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
10
9
6
6
9
8
10
10
5
14
7
2008
10
10
15
10
10
10
12
6
10
8
8
12
10
7
14
14
7
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
10
9
6
6
9
8
9
9
5
14
6
2009
10
10
14
10
10
10
12
6
10
8
9
12
10
7
14
13
7
13
8
8
9
10
10
13
9
10
9
10
9
6
6
9
8
9
9
:
14
5
2010
10
10
15
10
10
10
12
6
10
8
9
12
10
6
14
13
7
13
7
8
9
10
10
13
9
10
10
10
9
6
7
9
8
9
9
:
14
5
2011
10
9
15
10
9
10
11
6
10
8
8
12
10
7
14
13
7
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
10
9
6
7
8
8
9
9
:
14
5
2012
10
10
15
10
9
11
12
6
11
9
9
12
10
7
14
14
7
13
8
8
9
10
10
13
9
10
10
10
9
6
6
8
8
10
10
:
14
5
2013
10
10
14
10
9
11
12
6
10
8
9
12
10
6
14
14
7
13
8
8
9
10
10
12
9
10
9
9
9
7
7
8
8
10
9
:
14
5
2014
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: demo_gind)
43
3
Health
Table 3.5.a: Public expenditure on health (% of budget)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
:
9.8
4.7
11.9
18.2
11.8
5.0
5.1
10.0
11.0
6.5
:
6.2
5.8
4.6
10.0
7.0
6.9
4.2
10.3
:
11.2
6.7
11.9
5.0
9.7
8.1
15.3
5.4
10.3
5.0
6.8
5.0
8.9
5.1
13.1
12.5
6.0
4.2
18.8
6.7
7.7
10.4
7.8
:
9.1
:
12.0
13.2
14.9
:
7.5
:
14.7
5.0
2006
:
11.9
5.0
10.8
17.8
7.8
12.0
6.7
11.1
11.7
7.6
:
5.4
4.9
13.0
7.0
6.9
4.2
10.0
:
11.2
4.4
13.1
5.0
7.0
8.2
9.8
5.4
9.3
9.6
10.4
5.0
8.9
5.3
15.6
11.1
7.0
4.9
4.8
5.4
8.8
7.8
:
9.1
:
10.2
11.2
13.7
:
7.1
:
16.4
9.0
2007
:
11.0
:
:
:
:
12.0
:
:
10.9
:
:
:
:
4.7
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2.4
7.0
7.0
10.0
:
:
15.0
12.2
10.8
:
8.9
5.5
15.3
2008
:
11.0
7.0
9.5
5.6
10.7
6.4
16.8
5.1
5.6
:
:
:
:
:
12.1
7.4
:
:
5.6
:
:
:
4.9
6.0
:
:
:
:
:
18.0
9.9
:
:
6.8
:
:
:
17.0
8.4
12.0
:
:
9.2
:
:
:
:
4.5
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1.9
8.0
6.0
8.0
:
:
15.0
12.2
10.8
:
8.7
4.6
17.0
2009
:
10.6
8.4
9.0
16.7
10.0
12.0
:
10.2
11.0
13.8
8.0
5.3
17.0
4.4
13.9
:
7.0
3.1
11.4
8.3
:
:
:
9.0
5.0
10.0
:
5.5
15.1
14.0
10.8
4.9
9.1
5.0
16.6
12.1
9.6
6.4
16.8
13.2
11.6
:
:
:
9.3
:
13.9
9.7
18.1
8.0
6.8
:
:
:
2010
:
:
:
9.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
9.0
5.0
14.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
10.0
5.0
17.2
:
7.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
4.0
17.8
11.1
:
:
:
:
:
2011
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
6.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5.0
11.3
:
:
:
:
:
:
9.0
5.0
17.2
:
:
:
:
:
:
14.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
8.0
2012
:
:
:
:
:
12.5
:
:
13.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5.1
7.0
:
:
:
:
5.1
2.0
4.0
5.0
:
:
:
:
7.9
7.9
:
:
5.0
:
:
6.5
:
:
:
:
:
8.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2013
:
:
:
7.1
:
12.5
12.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
9.2
:
:
:
:
:
11.6
:
:
:
:
:
8.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
4.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
12.0
:
:
:
:
11.3
:
2014
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
6.2
:
10.0
:
:
:
:
:
10.0
:
:
:
:
17.4
:
9.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
4.0
:
12.0
:
5.5
:
4.8
:
:
44
3
Health
Table 3.5.b: Public expenditure on health (% of budget)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
:
13.4
13.2
15.8
14.2
14.1
12.0
19.2
:
14.7
14.4
13.9
14.5
7.0
11.9
14.5
12.4
11.5
14.2
12.9
14.8
10.0
15.7
7.7
13.9
12.4
13.7
12.3
15.4
:
:
17.2
6.1
:
:
:
:
:
2006
14.5
13.8
11.7
16.1
14.7
14.4
12.5
18.8
13.2
14.7
14.4
13.3
14.5
7.3
12.6
15.5
12.0
11.0
14.3
15.9
14.8
10.4
15.5
7.6
14.1
15.7
14.1
12.5
15.8
:
:
16.9
6.1
:
:
:
:
:
2007
14.6
14.0
10.8
16.4
15.5
14.8
12.7
18.7
12.8
14.6
14.2
13.5
14.3
7.0
11.9
14.9
12.1
9.9
13.3
15.8
15.2
10.4
15.8
8.1
13.9
17.9
14.1
12.8
15.8
:
:
16.7
6.1
:
:
:
:
:
2008
14.5
14.4
12.0
16.5
15.6
14.8
13.0
17.8
12.7
14.7
14.0
14.2
14.7
7.0
11.7
14.7
11.9
10.1
12.4
15.6
15.3
11.3
15.8
8.2
13.8
19.2
14.4
13.1
15.4
:
:
16.5
5.6
:
:
:
:
:
2009
14.7
14.4
10.1
16.9
15.7
15.0
12.1
17.3
12.6
14.8
14.0
13.9
14.6
7.1
10.7
14.9
11.8
10.3
12.3
16.1
14.7
11.2
15.7
9.3
14.1
17.9
14.4
13.3
16.1
:
:
16.4
5.9
:
:
:
:
:
2010
14.6
14.6
12.3
17.4
15.1
14.8
13.2
11.9
13.1
14.4
14.1
13.3
14.9
7.1
9.5
16.4
11.5
10.2
12.8
16.3
15.1
10.9
14.1
8.3
13.8
18.1
14.4
13.0
16.1
:
:
16.5
5.8
:
:
:
:
:
2011
14.7
14.4
12.3
17.5
15.0
15.2
13.3
15.6
11.9
14.2
14.2
13.3
14.5
7.3
10.6
15.6
11.3
10.3
13.1
16.8
15.4
10.7
13.6
10.5
13.9
17.8
14.4
13.3
16.2
:
:
16.5
6.0
:
:
:
:
:
2012
14.6
14.5
12.8
17.0
14.9
15.4
12.8
16.6
10.6
12.9
14.1
14.3
14.2
7.1
10.5
16.3
11.4
10.6
12.9
17.6
15.5
10.9
13.4
10.6
14.4
18.5
14.6
13.1
16.1
:
:
16.9
6.4
:
:
:
:
:
2013
14.8
14.6
12.1
17.4
15.3
15.8
13.0
17.4
8.6
13.6
14.2
14.3
14.1
7.4
10.0
15.9
11.9
10.4
13.6
17.7
15.6
10.9
13.3
11.4
11.6
18.3
14.5
13.1
16.7
16.8
:
17.0
6.5
:
:
:
:
:
2014
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10a_exp)
45
3
Health
Definitions
The under-five mortality rate and the infant mortality rate
are indicators used to monitor the progress towards and
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG),
more specifically Goal 4 on reducing child mortality.
The under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching the age of five, if subject to
current age-specific mortality rates. It is expressed as number
of deaths per 1000 live births.
Health expenditure is provided according to the classification
of the functions of government (COFOG). This indicator
is expressed as a proportion of total general government
expenditure (for European countries, it has been calculated
as the proportion of general government health expenditure
in total general government expenditure).
The infant mortality rate is the probability that a new-born
baby will die before reaching the age of one, if subject to
current age-specific mortality rates. It is expressed as number
of deaths per 1000 live births.
A live birth is the complete expulsion or extraction of a baby
from its mother, which breathes or shows any other evidence
of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical
cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether
or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is
attached.
Vital registration systems are the preferred source of data on
under-five mortality because data are prospective and cover
the entire population. However, in countries lacking a fully
functioning vital registration system, household surveys,
such as DHS and MICS, have become the primary source of
data on child mortality, even though there are some limits to
their quality.
Data on under-five mortality are more complete and timely
than data on adult mortality. Under-five mortality rates are
also considered to be more robust than infant mortality
rates when estimates are based on information drawn from
household surveys.
Vital statistics are statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths,
marriages and divorces. The most common way of collecting
information on these events is through civil registration, an
administrative system used by governments to record vital
events which occur in their populations. Efforts to improve
the quality of vital statistics are therefore closely related to
the development of civil registration systems. The majority
of African countries do not yet have fully developed civil
registration and vital statistics systems, and hence encounter
problems to produce current and continuous fertility and
mortality statistics.
Births registered measures the number of births registered by
the civil registration systems of the country in the reference
year, expressed per 1000 population.
Deaths registered measures the number of deaths registered
by the civil registration systems of the country in the reference
year, expressed per 1000 population.
46
Chapter 4: Education
Education
4
Education
Table 4.1.a: Teaching staff at first level (number per 1000 inhabitants)
Africa (1)
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
4.2
:
4.5
3.4
6.7
2.0
2.7
3.4
6.7
1.2
2.0
5.2
2.0
:
:
1.9
5.2
:
1.6
:
:
3.9
4.2
2.5
:
4.8
5.3
:
:
3.7
3.5
2.3
3.5
4.5
4.9
2.7
6.5
1.8
4.3
2.9
6.5
3.1
8.0
:
:
5.1
:
4.5
6.1
3.5
5.4
5.9
5.0
3.4
5.2
2006
3.8
:
4.3
3.6
6.5
2.1
2.9
2.9
6.6
1.2
1.9
:
3.0
:
2.6
2.0
5.1
:
1.5
:
:
3.5
3.9
2.5
2.9
4.3
5.4
:
:
4.0
3.2
2.8
3.4
4.6
4.8
2.7
6.2
2.0
3.8
3.1
6.1
3.2
7.9
:
:
4.7
:
4.4
6.1
3.7
4.8
5.8
4.9
3.4
5.1
2007
3.8
:
4.4
3.7
6.5
2.2
3.3
3.7
6.6
1.3
2.0
:
2.7
3.9
2.9
2.0
4.9
:
1.3
:
:
3.9
4.6
2.5
:
4.5
5.5
7.6
:
3.9
3.0
2.9
3.3
4.5
4.6
3.0
6.5
2.1
3.1
3.0
:
3.8
7.8
:
1.4
4.7
:
4.6
6.2
3.7
4.4
5.7
4.8
3.5
:
2008
3.8
:
5.4
3.9
6.4
2.4
:
3.5
6.4
1.4
2.2
5.6
3.0
4.2
3.0
2.1
:
4.3
1.3
2.5
:
3.9
4.7
2.6
:
4.3
5.7
5.8
:
4.2
3.1
3.0
3.6
4.5
4.7
3.2
6.5
2.2
:
3.1
:
3.5
6.6
:
:
4.7
:
4.6
6.3
3.8
4.2
5.7
4.9
3.8
:
2009
4.1
:
5.5
4.0
6.4
2.5
3.7
3.5
6.4
1.5
2.3
:
2.5
4.4
3.0
1.9
4.9
4.9
1.4
2.7
:
3.8
4.6
2.6
:
4.2
5.7
3.0
:
4.3
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.5
4.6
3.4
6.2
2.5
:
3.1
7.3
3.7
6.6
:
:
4.5
:
3.5
6.5
3.5
4.5
5.7
5.0
:
4.8
2010
:
:
:
3.9
6.3
2.7
3.8
3.6
6.1
1.7
2.5
:
3.4
:
:
:
:
4.3
1.3
2.8
:
:
:
2.6
3.3
4.4
5.7
:
:
4.9
3.1
3.3
3.9
4.5
4.7
3.6
:
2.7
3.5
3.2
7.1
3.8
7.6
:
:
:
:
:
6.8
3.6
4.9
:
4.9
3.7
5.3
2011
:
:
:
:
7.0
:
4.1
3.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
4.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
3.3
3.4
:
4.6
4.7
3.7
:
2.9
:
:
6.4
:
7.6
:
:
:
:
:
:
3.7
:
:
:
:
:
2012
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2013
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
(1) The Africa total is based on the available countries.
48
4
Education
Table 4.1.b: Teaching staff at first level (number per 1000 inhabitants)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
:
6.2
2.3
3.0
:
2.8
:
6.2
5.3
4.2
3.4
2.6
4.3
4.7
3.1
3.3
6.7
4.1
6.4
8.1
3.6
6.2
6.8
2.7
3.1
2.6
4.7
7.3
4.4
14.4
7.5
:
5.5
:
2.8
:
:
5.6
2006
:
6.2
2.3
3.0
:
2.9
5.6
6.4
5.5
4.2
3.4
2.6
4.3
4.9
3.0
3.4
6.8
4.0
5.4
8.3
3.5
6.1
6.7
2.6
3.1
2.5
4.7
7.0
4.1
14.5
7.7
9.5
5.5
:
2.7
:
:
5.4
2007
:
6.2
2.2
2.4
:
3.0
4.4
6.9
5.6
4.4
3.4
2.6
4.4
4.9
5.0
3.3
6.8
3.9
:
8.4
3.5
6.1
6.1
2.6
3.0
2.8
4.6
6.7
4.2
14.4
9.0
9.5
5.5
:
2.7
:
:
5.8
2008
:
6.1
2.2
2.4
10.6
2.9
4.6
6.9
:
4.6
3.4
2.6
4.3
5.0
4.8
3.3
6.2
3.8
6.2
8.6
3.5
6.3
6.3
2.6
3.1 (b)
2.5
4.7
6.7
4.0
14.1
9.4
9.5
5.3
:
3.3
:
:
6.3
2009
:
6.1
2.0
2.4
10.5
3.0
4.6
7.0
:
4.6
3.4
2.7
4.3
4.9
5.1
3.2
7.4
3.7
6.5
8.6
3.5
6.3 (b)
6.3
2.6
3.1
2.6
4.8
6.6
4.0
14.2
9.2
9.4
5.3
:
3.3
:
:
6.3
2010
:
6.1
2.0
2.4
10.3
3.0
4.7
7.0
:
4.7
3.6
2.7
4.0
4.9
4.5
3.0
7.5
3.7
4.2
8.6
3.6
6.3
6.4
2.6
3.1
2.6
4.6
6.5
4.0
13.8
9.4
9.4
5.4
:
3.4
:
:
6.7
2011
:
6.0 (b)
2.0
2.4
9.9
3.1
4.7
7.2
:
4.8
3.7
2.7
3.9
4.8
4.8
3.1
7.6
3.7
4.6
6.7
3.6
5.7
6.1
2.4
3.1
2.6
4.7
6.6
4.1
9.5
7.1
9.3
5.3 (b)
:
3.4
:
:
6.8
2012
:
6.0
2.0
2.4
:
3.1
:
7.0
6.2
4.8
3.6 (b)
:
:
4.6
5.0
3.0
8.1 (b)
3.7 (b)
:
6.6
3.6
5.6
5.7
2.3
3.1
2.6
4.7
:
3.9
:
:
9.3
5.7
:
3.4
:
:
:
2013
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_pers1d and demo_pjan)
49
4
Education
Table 4.2.a: First level student enrolment (1000)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
:
4 362
3 119
1 318
329
1 270
1 309
2 950
83
413
1 262
87
597
:
1 662
51
9 564
76
378
10 020
:
205
2 930
1 207
269
7 597
422
:
:
3 598
3 201
1 506
444
124
4 023
3 942
404
1 064
23 047
1 858
29
1 444
9
:
:
7 314
:
4 624
222
7 541
997
1 184
7 224
2 573
2 462
2006
:
4 197
3 370
1 357
330
1 390
1 474
2 988
81
:
1 296
91
617
:
2 112
54
9 795
:
364
10 972
:
208
3 131
1 258
286
7 632
425
538
:
3 699
3 281
1 610
466
121
3 944
4 171
403
1 126
22 466
2 020
31
1 488
:
:
:
7 257
:
4 786
230
7 960
1 052
1 134
7 364
2 679
2 446
2007
:
4 087
3 559
1 474
328
1 561
1 586
3 120
79
495
1 324
94
622
8 840
2 180
57
9 988
:
332
12 175
:
219
3 367
1 318
303
8 330
401
491
1 047
3 837
3 307
1 717
484
119
3 939
4 566
410
1 235
21 632
2 150
31
1 572
9
:
457
7 312
:
5 253
233
8 317
1 022
1 069
7 538
2 790
:
2008
:
3 942
3 932
1 601
:
1 742
1 720
3 201
76
584
1 530
96
628
9 973
2 356
56
81
314
13 379
348
221
3 625
1 364
326
8 564
396
491
1 031
4 020
3 601
1 823
474
119
3 879
4 900
407
1 389
21 295
2 190
33
1 618
9
:
:
7 232
:
5 800
230
8 627
1 055
1 036
7 964
2 909
:
2009
:
3 253
3 930
1 719
:
1 906
1 739
3 347
74
608
1 671
:
672
10 244
2 383
56
10 407
82
300
13 571
:
236
3 659
1 390
343
8 831
389
550
:
4 324
3 671
1 926
513
118
3 851
5 060
407
1 554
21 857
2 265
34
1 653
9
:
:
7 129
:
4 744
231
8 442
1 225
1 025
8 298
2 841
2 474
2010
:
3 312
4 190
1 788
:
2 047
1 850
3 510
71
637
1 680
:
705
:
:
61
:
85
286
:
:
229
:
1 453
360
9 381
389
674
:
4 242
3 869
2 019
531
117
3 945
5 352
:
1 726
:
2 299
34
1 695
9
:
:
:
:
:
241
8 419
1 287
:
8 375
2 899
2 662
2011
:
:
5 027
:
:
:
1 946
4 207
:
:
1 929
:
:
11 083
:
61
:
:
:
:
:
:
3 860
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
4 034
2 138
:
116
4 001
5 226
:
:
:
:
35
:
9
:
:
:
1 392
4 830
:
8 363
:
:
:
:
:
2012
:
3 452
:
:
337
:
:
:
68
662
:
:
231
:
:
63
:
:
334
:
:
:
:
:
:
9 971
382
:
:
4 403
:
2 263
554
114
:
:
:
792
:
2 395
:
1 783
:
1 252
:
7 004
:
:
:
8 247
1 368
:
8 328
:
:
2013
:
:
:
:
:
2 466
2 002
4 146
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
257
4 106
:
:
:
:
603
:
:
4 498
:
:
:
4 021
5 435
432
:
:
:
:
:
9
:
:
:
:
:
242
:
:
1 033
:
:
:
50
4
Education
Table 4.2.b: First level student enrolment (1000)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
29 041
739
290
503
414
3 306
86
454
650
2 620
4 016
196
2 790
61
84
158
35
431
30
1 278
363
2 724
772
970
93
243
382
719
4 635
31
2
430
524
39
110
238
324
10 565
2006
28 722
733
273
473
416
3 329
80
462
645
2 649
4 052
195
2 809
60
79
150
35
416
30
1 278
355
2 602
752
939
94
235
372
692
4 518
30
2
430
517
39
105
222
311
10 674
2007
28 576
732
268
463
416
3 311
76
476
639
2 698
4 106
191
2 849
58
121 (b)
144
36
400
28
1 281
347
2 485
757
919
95
231
365
677
4 409
30
2
431
511
40
101
210
297
10 847
2008
28 471
733
263
460
410
3 236
75
487
637
2 765
4 139
182
2 866
57
117
136
36
395
27
1 286
337
2 375
773
865
99
225
357
668
4 465
30
2
430
505
37
115 (b)
199
289
10 871
2009
28 257
732
261
461
407
3 151
74
499
:
2 811
4 153
174
2 855
56
114
130
35
390
25
1 290
332
2 294
760
859
107
218
351
666
4 417
30
2
427
499
35
113
236
283
10 710
2010
28 108
732
260
463
403
3 068
73
506
643
2 815
4 159
168
2 859
55
114
123
35
388
25
1 294
328
2 235
753
846
107
212
347
676
4 422
30
2
424
493
39
111
225
289
10 917
2011
28 085
736
255
468
471 (b)
2 990
73
512
637
2 870
4 172
162
2 863
54
114
116
35
387
24
1 292 (b)
326
2 192
743
829
107
209
346
683
4 420
29
2
423
487
38
132 (b)
216
289
:
2012
28 137
744
252
477
471
2 937
74
518
637
2 910
4 156
160
2 854
54
114
111
35
385
24
1 277
327
2 187
720
810
108
209
347
713
4 524
29
2
423
484
38
107
207
288
6 430 (b)
2013
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
37
:
199
285
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_ilev and cpc_pseduc)
51
4
Education
Table 4.3.a: Public expenditure on education (% of budget)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
:
:
4.0
12.0
21.5
16.6
12.4
15.9
25.4
14.0
10.1
15.6
11.5
:
21.8
25.9
16.0
5.2
19.7
:
:
:
7.4
:
17.9
32.9
:
:
25.3
13.0
15.4
10.1
14.1
23.9
20.4
:
12.4
6.2
12.2
1.6
19.3
:
:
:
17.9
1.4
24.6
:
18.7
17.0
:
:
12.0
2006
:
:
5.0
11.0
21.0
17.4
13.7
16.8
15.6
10.8
:
17.7
11.4
:
20.8
22.4
12.0
:
:
17.5
:
:
:
5.7
:
21.5
28.5
:
:
13.9
15.0
16.9
:
13.0
27.8
21.5
:
13.0
7.8
:
2.3
17.5
12.6
:
:
17.6
1.0
24.4
:
16.6
18.0
:
:
19.0
2007
:
:
5.0
10.0
25.1
18.2
17.2
13.1
16.4
19.5
:
13.6
11.4
:
21.7
22.8
12.6
:
:
23.3
:
:
:
10.8
:
19.2
27.5
:
:
16.4
15.0
16.8
:
12.6
26.6
19.5
:
13.8
8.7
19.0
2.2
23.0
:
18.8
:
17.4
1.7
24.5
:
17.2
18.0
:
:
:
2008
:
11.4
7.0
18.2
16.2
19.1
22.3
15.4
16.7
10.1
:
:
11.4
:
21.9
:
11.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
10.8
:
21.4
27.2
12.1
:
13.4
13.0
17.4
:
12.7
21.6
20.0
22.4
15.1
6.9
20.4
2.3
24.0
:
14.9
:
16.2
1.3
19.4
27.5
15.8
21.0
18.9
5.7
:
2009
:
:
8.0
:
16.2
20.0
23.4
19.2
15.9
11.1
12.6
11.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
16.0
:
11.3
7.0
20.8
22.8
:
:
:
15.0
19.8
:
13.5
23.5
19.5
:
13.5
:
:
:
26.0
:
18.1
:
16.9
1.3
22.1
:
17.6
:
15.0
22.0
:
2010
:
:
8.7
26.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
9.2
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
22.8
:
:
8.0
22.6
26.9
:
:
:
16.0
18.1
:
13.7
25.9
20.2
:
13.5
:
:
19.3
20.7
:
:
:
:
12.9
24.0
:
:
:
:
:
8.7
2011
:
:
:
:
:
:
25.0
:
:
:
10.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
19.8
21.5
:
:
:
18.0
:
13.0
12.5
23.4
:
:
10.3
:
:
:
:
10.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2012
:
:
:
:
27.8
:
:
14.5
13.8
:
10.3
:
:
:
:
:
11.9
:
:
25.3
:
:
14.5
9.5
:
16.4
:
:
:
20.3
:
20.0
:
12.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
22.7
:
14.1
:
:
3.2
:
22.1
:
:
17.4
14.6
:
:
2013
:
:
:
:
:
15.9
17.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
8.8
11.9
:
:
25.2
:
46.7
:
:
:
19.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
14.8
20.0
18.1
22.6
9.7
:
19.4
:
12.6
:
:
19.1
:
:
Source: Statistics Division. AUC
52
:
:
:
:
:
:
4
Education
Table 4.3.b: Public expenditure on education (% of budget)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
11.1
11.3
11.5
10.7
13.9
8.7
17.8
13.7
8.8
11.1
10.9
:
9.7
14.8
15.7
15.8
11.4
11.7
12.7
12.2
10.5
14.0
14.7
10.7
14.8
10.4
12.2
13.0
13.6
19.8
:
13.6
17.0
:
:
:
:
:
2006
11.2
12.0
10.9
11.3
13.7
8.9
17.8
13.3
8.6
11.2
10.9
:
9.4
15.0
15.7
15.6
11.4
11.2
12.8
11.7
10.7
13.6
14.6
11.6
14.3
10.2
12.2
13.1
14.0
19.9
:
13.4
17.3
:
:
:
:
:
2007
11.1
11.9
9.7
10.9
13.3
9.0
17.3
13.0
8.1
11.2
10.6
:
9.6
15.3
16.3
14.6
11.7
10.8
12.7
11.8
10.6
13.4
13.9
10.3
14.0
11.3
12.1
13.1
13.9
19.2
:
13.3
17.3
:
:
:
:
:
2008
11.0
11.9
10.7
10.9
13.4
9.0
16.9
12.4
8.1
11.1
10.6
:
9.0
16.1
16.8
15.3
11.9
10.6
12.1
11.8
10.9
13.3
13.9
11.4
13.9
10.0
12.0
13.2
13.4
14.5
:
13.1
17.6
:
:
:
:
:
2009
10.9
11.6
10.4
10.8
13.7
9.1
15.9
11.2
7.9
10.9
10.9
:
9.0
15.7
15.5
15.2
11.7
10.3
12.7
11.5
10.9
12.5
13.7
9.9
13.4
10.5
11.7
13.2
13.5
16.8
:
13.1
17.9
:
:
:
:
:
2010
10.9
11.7
10.1
11.0
14.0
9.3
16.6
8.2
7.8
10.7
10.9
:
8.9
16.1
14.0
14.4
12.0
11.3
13.6
11.4
10.8
12.4
13.7
8.3
13.4
11.2
11.8
13.2
13.7
16.2
:
13.0
18.1
:
:
:
:
:
2011
10.9
11.7
10.2
11.4
13.5
9.6
16.9
11.0
7.9
10.5
10.8
:
8.4
15.5
14.9
15.0
12.0
10.4
13.8
11.6
11.0
12.8
13.3
10.5
13.3
10.6
11.6
13.2
12.9
17.0
:
12.6
18.1
:
:
:
:
:
2012
10.7
11.5
9.8
10.9
13.3
9.7
16.2
12.2
7.6
9.4
10.8
11.0
8.2
14.6
15.0
15.5
12.3
9.8
13.7
11.5
10.8
12.9
11.9
8.2
13.3
10.2
11.2
13.1
12.6
16.9
:
12.6
18.0
:
:
:
:
:
2013
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_a_exp)
53
4
Education
Definitions
Data on education relate to public and private schools. The
reference years correspond to the beginning of the school/
academic year.
The International Standard Classification of Education
(ISCED) is the basis for international education statistics,
describing different levels of education among other
characteristics. ISCED level 1 is primary education, which
begins between 5 and 7 years of age and is compulsory in
all countries. ISCED level 2 is lower secondary education,
which continues the basic programmes of the primary level,
although teaching is more subject-focused.
Primary level of education (ISCED level 1)
Programmes are normally designed to give students a sound
basic education in reading, writing and mathematics along
with an elementary understanding of other subjects such as
history, geography, natural science, social science, art and
music. In some cases religious instruction is featured.
Teaching staff at a specific level
Teachers are defined as persons whose professional activity
involves the transmission of knowledge, attitudes and skills,
as laid out in a formal curriculum programme, to students
enrolled in a formal educational institution at a specific level
(primary, secondary or tertiary).
Students/pupils are defined as any individual participating
in educational services. The number of students/pupils
enrolled refers to the count of students/pupils studying in the
reference period, i.e. the school/academic year.
First-level student enrolment is the number of pupils enrolled
at the primary level of education, regardless of age.
Public expenditure on education is dedicated to financing
current and capital expenditure of educational institutions;
supporting students and their families with scholarships and
public loans, and transferring public subsidies for educational
activities to private firms or non-profit organisations
(transfers to private households and firms). This indicator
is expressed as a proportion of total general government
expenditure (for European countries, it has been calculated as
the proportion of general government education expenditure
in total general government expenditure).
54
Chapter 5: National accounts
National Accounts
5
National accounts
Table 5.1.a: GDP at current prices (million EUR)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
795 689 1 031 782 1 084 518 1 176 821 1 170 133 1 453 427 1 526 678 1 790 968 1 795 613 1 843 989
82 463
95 249
98 851 115 178
98 971 122 399 142 405 161 508 157 416 168 083
22 561
42 032
47 863
59 972
52 679
62 848
79 239
97 545 107 673 110 658
3 482
3 775
4 041
4 503
4 753
4 953
5 214
5 870
6 268
6 556
8 195
8 126
8 022
7 527
7 278
10 363
10 979
11 306
11 148
10 053
4 365
4 690
4 958
5 668
6 026
6 787
7 693
9 036
9 718
9 479
636
1 022
995
1 092
1 278
1 495
1 481
1 782
2 024
2 124
13 255
14 406
14 984
15 797
16 836
17 808
18 998
20 587
22 304
23 923
777
992
1 111
1 214
1 235
1 256
1 334
1 356
1 371
1 515
1 079
1 172
1 245
1 345
1 427
1 497
1 569
1 687
1 160
1 283
5 009
5 956
6 335
7 012
6 663
8 043
8 686
9 819
9 688
10 304
304
324
342
359
386
410
437
463
496
531
4 864
6 204
5 453
6 893
6 725
9 258
10 574
10 620
10 407
11 028
5 746
11 472
12 001
13 009
13 151
15 471
17 029
21 350
22 544
25 854
13 652
13 862
14 931
16 443
17 523
18 782
18 154
21 088
23 436
25 412
566
617
622
666
755
851
885
1 053
1 098
1 218
74 462
86 330
96 928 111 656 135 351 161 793 165 223 202 316 192 507 205 979
5 758
6 851
7 947
11 114
8 028
10 108
12 869
14 901
12 715
12 621
878
972
967
935
1 337
1 596
1 863
2 405
2 598
2 902
9 817
11 636
12 934
16 770
19 776
19 663
21 779
32 826
35 121
40 452
6 925
8 476
9 173
10 625
8 664
10 982
13 430
13 880
14 528
15 151
500
524
585
651
651
724
667
728
738
839
8 576
16 378
18 156
19 324
18 706
24 254
28 272
32 615
36 650
25 089
2 347
2 352
3 032
3 059
3 319
3 565
3 683
4 462
4 829
5 474
458
475
511
587
596
640
789
834
874
857
14 974
20 712
23 410
23 921
26 658
29 928
29 177
38 586
41 069
54 403
1 093
1 129
1 164
1 131
1 250
1 690
1 830
1 940
1 711
1 447
466
598
696
745
832
974
1 099
1 348
1 460
1 539
36 319
43 845
49 511
59 027
45 384
56 368
24 796
63 698
55 349
30 729
4 027
4 344
5 432
6 353
6 088
6 510
7 062
7 700
7 965
8 201
2 201
3 208
3 250
3 604
4 461
5 174
5 241
4 379
3 408
4 474
4 384
4 997
5 244
5 931
6 470
7 095
7 616
8 047
8 256
8 869
1 468
2 415
2 425
2 676
2 629
3 268
3 658
3 768
3 798
4 095
5 185
5 402
5 714
6 530
6 362
7 326
8 041
8 898
8 998
10 650
47 517
52 660
55 010
60 335
64 871
68 361
70 793
74 445
78 239
87 601
5 257
6 272
6 858
7 024
8 747
9 457
8 101
11 351
12 508
12 398
5 802
6 402
6 410
5 748
6 391
8 505
8 869
10 139
9 892
8 799
2 692
2 927
3 139
3 656
3 892
4 306
4 562
5 182
5 513
5 849
89 695 195 902 194 850 224 966 194 804 278 216 294 218 358 475 388 458 412 409
2 063
2 496
2 769
3 249
3 823
4 296
4 578
5 615
5 674
5 362
98
109
106
124
141
152
177
206
234
259
6 958
7 510
8 282
9 086
9 214
9 746
10 269
10 921
11 160
10 890
748
816
758
655
610
731
762
882
1 064
1 087
1 191
1 496
1 562
1 663
1 743
1 944
2 095
2 947
3 706
4 271
1 895
1 772
1 862
1 761
1 966
1 317
:
:
:
:
197 413 217 969 219 578 194 245 213 096 282 956 297 832 309 010 276 133 249 742
10 764
11 441
9 002
11 174
28 114
36 312
43 584
43 906
43 609
52 516
49 991
52 981
50 351
64 579
2 065
2 367
2 237
2 048
2 286
2 933
2 967
3 149
2 863
2 841
11 301
14 667
15 768
18 463
20 553
22 608
23 207
29 756
33 778
36 761
1 686
1 780
1 856
2 146
2 278
2 392
2 684
3 031
3 153
3 136
25 788
27 585
28 535
30 383
31 291
33 208
32 753
35 018
34 906
34 612
8 023
8 835
9 936
12 137
13 625
14 841
15 495
18 985
19 245
19 609
5 736
10 237
10 309
12 132
11 038
15 277
16 958
19 395
20 232
22 883
4 853
4 901
4 141
3 536
5 874
7 103
7 829
9 638
10 176
7 936
56
5
National accounts
Table 5.1.b: GDP at current prices (million EUR)
2005
EU-28
11 517 667
Belgium
311 481
Bulgaria
24 002
Czech Republic
109 394
Denmark
212 907
Germany
2 300 860
Estonia
11 262
Ireland
169 978
Greece
199 242
Spain
930 566
France
1 771 978
Croatia
36 508
Italy
1 490 409
Cyprus
14 946
Latvia
13 711
Lithuania
21 002
Luxembourg
29 734
Hungary
90 543
Malta
5 142
Netherlands
545 609
Austria
253 009
Poland
244 822
Portugal
158 653
Romania
80 226
Slovenia
29 235
Slovakia
39 220
Finland
164 387
Sweden
313 218
United Kingdom 1 945 625
Iceland
13 485
Liechtenstein
2 943
Norway
248 332
Switzerland
327 755
Montenegro
1 815
FYR of Macedonia
5 032
Albania
6 561
Serbia
21 103
Turkey
387 655
2006
12 182 659
326 662
27 350
123 743
225 592
2 393 250
13 522
184 923
217 862
1 007 974
1 853 267
40 198
1 549 188
16 141
17 235
24 079
33 409
91 345
5 386
579 212
266 478
273 418
166 249
98 419
31 561
45 396
172 614
334 877
2 063 310
13 628
3 189
275 290
342 123
2 149
5 472
7 168
24 435
419 012
2007
12 915 386
344 713
32 708
138 004
233 440
2 513 230
16 246
197 054
232 695
1 080 807
1 945 670
43 926
1 610 305
17 454
22 640
29 041
36 766
101 606
5 758
613 280
282 347
313 654
175 468
125 403
35 153
56 091
186 584
356 434
2 168 912
15 565
3 362
293 128
348 865
2 681
6 095
7 828
29 452
472 879
2008
2009
12 995 762 12 255 574
354 066
348 781
37 373
37 245
160 962
148 357
241 087
230 213
2 561 740 2 460 280
16 517
14 146
187 547
169 432
241 990
237 534
1 116 207 1 079 034
1 995 850 1 939 017
48 130
45 091
1 632 933 1 573 655
18 822
18 482
24 318
18 731
32 696
26 935
37 647
36 268
107 503
93 671
6 129
6 139
639 163
617 540
291 930
286 188
363 692
314 689
178 873
175 448
142 396
120 409
37 951
36 166
65 840
63 819
193 711
181 029
352 317
309 679
1 908 370 1 667 595
10 720
9 205
3 467
3 246
316 814
278 386
376 326
388 782
3 086
2 981
6 772
6 767
8 800 (b)
8 661
33 705
30 655
501 338
440 942
2010
12 794 719
365 101
37 724
156 370
241 517
2 580 060
14 719
166 158
226 031
1 080 913
1 998 481
45 004
1 605 694
19 118
17 772
28 028
39 526
98 198
6 600
631 512
294 628
361 744
179 930
126 746
36 252
67 387
187 100
369 077
1 813 331
9 995
3 840
323 587
439 141
3 104
7 108
8 997
29 766
547 347
2011
13 180 898
379 106
40 955
163 583
246 075
2 703 120
16 668
173 940
207 029
1 070 413
2 059 284
44 709
1 638 857
19 547
20 144
31 263
42 227
100 705
6 886
642 929
308 630
380 177
176 167
133 306
36 896
70 444
196 869
404 946
1 866 018
10 535
4 182
358 248
501 643
3 234
7 544
9 268
33 424
556 278
2012
13 433 151
387 419
41 693
160 707
252 915
2 754 860
18 006
174 844
191 204
1 042 872
2 086 929
43 934
1 614 673
19 469
21 983
33 335
43 574
98 973
7 229
645 164
317 056
389 273
168 398
133 511
35 988
72 420
199 793
423 341
2 053 613
11 046
4 268
396 678
517 666
3 149
7 585
9 586
31 683
611 909
2013
13 549 917
392 699
41 912
156 933
255 235
2 820 820
19 015
179 448
180 389
1 031 272
2 116 565
43 562
1 606 895
18 065
22 805
34 962
46 541
101 273
7 657
650 857
322 878
394 602
170 269
144 254
35 908
73 835
202 743
435 752
2 042 895
11 570
:
393 397
515 680
3 327
8 150
9 629
34 263
620 682
2014
13 958 352
400 643
42 751
154 739
260 582
2 915 650
19 963
189 046
177 559
1 041 160
2 132 449
43 085
1 613 859
17 394
23 581
36 444
48 898
104 239
8 106
662 770
329 296
410 845
173 446
150 019
37 303
75 561
205 178
430 642
2 253 311
12 846
:
377 538
528 780
5 379
8 529
9 956
33 319
601 298
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_10_gdp, nama_gdp_c and cpc_ecnagdp)
57
5
National accounts
Table 5.2.a: GDP growth rates at constant prices (%)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
5.8
5.1
20.5
2.9
1.6
8.7
0.9
2.3
6.5
2.4
8.6
2.8
7.7
7.8
1.7
3.2
4.5
8.9
2.6
11.8
3.0
-0.3
5.9
3.0
4.3
5.9
2.7
9.7
10.3
4.6
3.3
6.1
5.4
1.8
3.0
8.4
2.5
7.4
5.4
9.4
3.1
5.6
8.0
7.5
3.0
5.3
6.1
2.5
7.4
1.2
4.0
10.0
5.3
-4.0
2006
5.8
1.7
11.5
3.8
8.0
6.3
5.4
3.2
9.1
4.8
0.6
2.6
6.2
5.6
0.7
4.8
6.8
1.3
-1.0
11.5
1.2
1.1
6.1
2.5
2.3
6.7
4.1
8.9
6.5
5.4
7.7
5.3
18.9
3.9
7.8
8.7
7.1
5.8
6.0
9.2
12.6
2.5
9.4
4.2
2.4
5.6
7.7
3.3
6.7
3.9
5.7
7.0
7.9
-3.5
2007
6.0
3.4
14.0
4.6
8.7
4.1
3.4
3.3
9.2
4.6
3.1
0.8
-1.6
6.3
1.6
5.1
7.1
13.1
1.4
11.8
4.8
3.6
6.5
1.8
3.2
7.1
4.9
13.2
6.4
6.5
5.5
4.3
2.8
5.4
2.7
7.3
5.4
3.1
6.4
7.6
2.0
4.9
10.4
8.0
2.6
5.4
5.8
3.5
7.1
2.1
6.3
8.1
8.4
-3.7
2008
5.3
2.4
11.2
5.0
3.9
5.8
4.9
2.9
6.7
2.1
2.5
0.6
5.9
6.2
2.3
5.8
7.2
12.3
-9.8
11.2
5.3
5.7
8.4
4.9
3.2
7.4
5.1
6.2
2.7
7.2
8.6
5.0
1.1
5.5
5.6
6.8
2.6
9.6
6.0
11.2
9.1
3.7
-2.1
5.2
2.6
3.2
3.8
2.4
7.4
2.4
4.5
10.4
7.8
-17.7
2009
3.1
1.6
2.4
2.7
-7.8
2.9
3.8
1.9
-1.3
1.7
2.8
1.1
7.5
2.8
3.8
5.0
4.9
-8.1
3.9
10.0
-2.7
6.4
4.0
-0.3
3.3
6.0
4.5
5.3
-0.8
-3.5
7.6
4.5
-1.0
3.1
4.8
6.5
0.3
-0.7
7.0
6.2
4.0
2.4
-1.1
3.2
2.6
-1.5
5.0
4.5
1.3
6.0
3.4
3.1
4.1
9.2
5.3
2010
5.7
3.6
3.4
2.6
8.6
8.4
5.1
3.3
1.5
3.0
13.6
2.2
8.7
7.2
2.4
3.5
4.8
-1.3
2.2
10.6
6.9
6.5
3.4
1.9
4.4
7.0
5.6
6.1
5.0
0.1
9.5
5.8
4.8
4.2
3.6
7.1
6.0
8.4
10.6
6.3
4.5
4.2
5.9
5.3
2.6
3.0
5.5
6.5
1.9
7.0
4.0
2.6
6.2
10.3
11.4
2011
2.8
2.8
3.9
3.3
6.2
6.6
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.3
0.1
2.5
3.4
6.9
-4.7
4.5
1.8
5.0
8.7
11.4
7.0
-4.3
14.0
3.9
9.0
6.4
4.3
7.9
-62.1
1.5
3.8
2.7
4.4
3.9
5.0
7.4
5.1
2.3
4.9
7.5
4.9
1.7
7.9
6.0
2.6
3.2
-4.6
0.9
-0.6
6.4
4.8
-1.9
6.4
7.6
11.9
2012
7.2
3.3
5.2
5.4
4.3
9.0
4.0
4.6
1.2
4.1
8.9
3.0
3.8
7.2
9.8
4.8
2.2
3.2
7.5
8.8
5.3
5.3
9.3
3.8
-2.2
6.9
6.0
8.3
104.5
2.5
2.1
0.0
6.0
3.2
2.7
7.1
5.1
11.1
4.3
8.8
4.0
3.4
6.0
15.2
2.6
2.2
-46.1
0.5
1.9
6.9
5.8
3.9
3.6
6.3
10.6
2013
3.8
2.8
6.8
5.6
5.9
6.6
4.5
5.5
0.7
-36.0
3.9
3.5
3.3
8.5
8.7
5.0
2.1
-4.8
:
9.7
5.6
6.3
7.3
2.3
0.9
7.0
5.7
8.1
-13.6
2.4
6.1
1.7
5.7
3.2
4.4
7.4
5.1
4.1
5.4
4.7
4.0
3.5
6.6
20.1
2.6
2.2
13.1
3.6
3.0
7.3
5.4
2.3
4.7
6.7
4.5
2014
4.2
4.0
4.5
5.5
4.8
3.4
4.7
5.3
2.0
1.0
7.3
3.5
6.0
8.9
8.3
5.9
2.2
-2.8
:
10.3
5.1
-0.7
4.2
1.3
2.6
4.5
4.3
2.6
-4.7
3.2
5.7
5.8
6.4
3.2
2.7
7.5
5.3
6.5
6.3
6.0
4.9
4.5
2.5
6.0
:
1.4
:
3.4
2.5
7.4
5.5
2.4
7.0
5.7
3.1
58
5
National accounts
Table 5.2.b: GDP growth rates at constant prices (%)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
2.1
2.1
7.2
6.4
2.4
0.7
9.4
6.3
0.6
3.7
1.6
4.2
0.9
3.9
10.7
7.7
3.2
4.4
3.8
2.2
2.1
3.5
0.8
4.2
4.0
6.4
2.8
2.8
3.0
6.0
:
2.6
3.0
4.2
4.7
5.7
5.5
8.4
2006
3.3
2.5
6.8
6.9
3.8
3.7
10.3
6.3
5.7
4.2
2.4
4.8
2.0
4.5
11.9
7.4
5.1
3.8
1.8
3.5
3.4
6.2
1.6
8.1
5.7
8.5
4.1
4.7
2.7
4.2
:
2.4
4.0
8.6
5.1
5.4
4.9
6.9
2007
3.1
3.4
7.7
5.5
0.8
3.3
7.7
5.5
3.3
3.8
2.4
5.2
1.5
4.9
10.0
11.1
8.4
0.4
4.0
3.7
3.6
7.2
2.5
6.9
6.9
10.8
5.2
3.4
2.6
9.5
:
2.9
4.1
10.7
6.5
5.9
5.9
4.7
2008
0.5
0.7
5.6
2.7
-0.7
1.1
-5.4
-2.2
-0.3
1.1
0.2
2.1
-1.0
3.7
-3.6
2.6
-0.8
0.8
3.3
1.7
1.5
3.9
0.2
8.5
3.3
5.7
0.7
-0.6
-0.5
1.5
:
0.4
2.3
6.9
5.5
7.5
5.4
0.7
2009
-4.4
-2.3
-4.2
-4.8
-5.1
-5.6
-14.7
-5.6
-4.3
-3.6
-2.9
-7.4
-5.5
-2.0
-14.3
-14.8
-5.4
-6.6
-2.5
-3.8
-3.8
2.6
-3.0
-7.1
-7.8
-5.5
-8.3
-5.2
-4.2
-4.7
:
-1.6
-2.1
-5.7
-0.4
3.4 (b)
-3.1
-4.8
2010
2.1
2.7
0.1
2.3
1.6
4.1
2.5
0.4
-5.5
0.0
2.0
-1.7
1.7
1.4
-3.8
1.6
5.7
0.7
3.5
1.4
1.9
3.7
1.9
-0.8
1.2
5.1
3.0
6.0
1.5
-3.6
:
0.6
3.0
2.5
3.4
3.7
0.6
9.2
2011
1.8
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.2
3.7
7.6
2.6
-9.1
-1.0
2.1
-0.3
0.6
0.4
6.2
6.0
2.6
1.8
2.0
1.7
2.8
5.0
-1.8
1.1
0.6
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.0
2.0
:
1.0
1.8
3.2
2.3
2.5
1.4
8.8
2012
-0.5
0.2
0.2
-0.9
-0.1
0.4
5.2
0.2
-7.3
-2.6
0.2
-2.2
-2.8
-2.4
4.0
3.8
-0.8
-1.7
2.9
-1.1
0.8
1.6
-4.0
0.6
-2.7
1.5
-1.4
-0.3
1.2
1.2
:
2.7
1.1
-2.7 (b)
-0.5
1.4
-1.0
2.1
2013
0.2
0.0
1.3
-0.5
-0.2
0.3
1.6
1.4
-3.2
-1.7
0.7
-0.9
-1.7
-5.9
3.0
3.5
4.3
1.9
4.0
-0.5
0.3
1.3
-1.1
3.5
-1.1
1.4
-1.1
1.2
2.2
3.9
:
1.0
1.8
3.5
2.7
1.1
2.6
4.0
2014
1.4
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.3
1.6
2.9
5.2
0.7
1.4
0.2
-0.4
-0.4
-2.5
2.4
3.0
4.1
3.7
4.1
1.0
0.4
3.3
0.9
2.8
3.0
2.5
-0.4
2.3
2.9
1.8
:
2.2
1.9
1.8
3.8
:
-1.8
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: tec00115 and cpc_ecnagdp)
59
5
National accounts
Table 5.3.a: GDP per capita at current prices (EUR)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
875
2 507
1 450
468
4 821
307
88
759
1 642
269
512
473
1 377
100
758
700
1 003
9 474
196
132
5 052
333
396
259
335
420
529
147
6 295
225
179
333
482
4 321
1 563
271
2 790
210
641
224
645
638
9 038
231
227
4 131
794
1 869
291
312
2 602
282
500
386
2006
1 127
2 760
2 455
447
4 286
339
127
774
2 059
291
575
525
1 701
206
785
783
1 183
11 022
193
149
5 999
353
746
240
327
563
582
177
7 710
231
241
405
746
4 440
1 733
291
3 119
214
1 367
258
688
648
9 246
283
207
4 456
1 121
2 117
367
313
2 715
297
869
385
2007
1 156
2 816
2 702
464
4 189
348
119
785
2 297
303
592
541
1 451
210
832
778
1 306
12 424
186
161
6 338
382
806
302
344
620
595
198
8 563
280
237
412
728
4 684
1 794
309
3 081
221
1 324
279
647
696
8 504
288
213
4 427
1 312
1 971
383
318
2 777
323
851
325
2008
1 224
3 224
3 275
502
3 893
387
127
806
2 506
321
636
553
1 778
221
901
822
1 479
16 890
174
203
7 165
413
836
297
387
617
574
203
10 044
319
255
451
782
5 338
1 949
309
2 723
248
1 488
318
739
742
7 287
301
197
3 864
1 290
1 775
436
358
2 924
382
974
277
2009
1 187
2 720
2 783
514
3 729
399
143
837
2 544
334
586
579
1 683
217
942
919
1 763
11 861
241
233
5 703
400
790
313
384
669
628
218
7 609
297
306
477
748
5 185
2 074
374
2 982
254
1 254
363
817
732
6 737
309
216
4 187
1 251
1 948
471
371
2 977
415
861
456
2010
1 439
3 302
3 215
521
5 262
437
162
863
2 576
344
686
600
2 252
249
990
1 020
2 072
14 519
278
226
7 057
431
1 000
328
403
732
841
246
9 331
309
345
507
905
5 953
2 160
395
3 903
271
1 742
396
850
753
8 017
338
141
5 499
1 473
2 458
503
379
3 123
437
1 156
543
2011
1 460
3 771
3 926
533
5 526
481
155
898
2 719
354
719
623
2 502
266
936
1 046
2 081
17 973
314
244
8 425
384
1 139
330
486
694
902
269
4 063
326
339
528
988
6 511
2 208
330
4 000
276
1 792
411
969
770
8 296
357
:
5 733
1 037
1 372
2 448
501
415
3 046
441
1 244
586
2012
1 671
4 197
4 685
584
5 642
549
181
949
2 743
373
789
646
2 449
325
1 063
1 225
2 506
20 238
392
358
8 502
406
1 286
390
501
894
946
322
10 350
345
275
542
993
7 179
2 289
450
4 487
302
2 123
490
1 093
796
9 553
493
:
5 899
1 056
1 424
2 558
623
456
3 220
522
1 378
702
2013
1 635
4 015
5 015
607
5 516
574
199
1 002
2 747
251
755
675
2 340
334
1 154
1 258
2 346
16 796
410
373
8 691
399
1 415
411
513
926
825
340
8 925
347
208
540
976
7 231
2 370
484
4 295
309
2 237
482
1 214
790
11 457
608
:
5 232
797
1 326
2 291
686
462
3 174
512
1 392
719
2014
1 638
4 210
4 999
618
4 931
544
203
1 048
3 007
272
780
706
2 419
373
1 221
1 375
2 470
16 221
444
419
8 854
440
949
455
491
1 194
690
350
4 914
348
266
562
1 028
8 526
2 616
468
3 747
316
2 310
443
1 310
749
11 654
688
:
4 700
952
1 666
2 241
724
448
3 113
505
1 523
544
60
5
National accounts
Table 5.3.b: GDP per capita at current prices (EUR)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
23 200
29 700
3 100
10 700
39 300
27 900
8 300
40 900
18 100
21 300
28 100
8 500
25 600
20 200
6 100
6 300
63 800
9 000
12 700
33 400
30 800
6 400
15 100
3 800
14 600
7 300
31 300
34 700
32 200
45 600
84 300
53 700
43 800
2 912
2 470
2 184
2 836
5 664
2006
24 500
31 000
3 600
12 100
41 500
29 100
10 000
43 300
19 800
22 700
29 200
9 300
26 500
21 500
7 800
7 400
70 600
9 100
13 300
35 400
32 200
7 200
15 800
4 600
15 700
8 400
32 800
36 900
33 900
44 800
90 700
59 100
45 500
3 443
2 682
2 404
3 297
6 047
2007
25 800
32 500
4 300
13 400
42 800
30 600
12 100
44 800
21 100
23 900
30 400
10 200
27 400
22 800
10 300
9 000
76 500
10 100
14 200
37 400
34 000
8 200
16 600
6 000
17 400
10 400
35 300
39 000
35 400
50 000
95 100
62 200
46 000
4 280
2 982
2 649
3 990
6 740
2008
25 900
33 100
4 900
15 400
43 900
31 200
12 300
41 700
21 800
24 300
31 000
11 200
27 600
23 900
11 200
10 200
77 000
10 700
15 000
38 900
35 100
9 500
16 900
6 900
18 800
12 200
36 500
38 200
30 900
33 600
97 400
66 400
49 000
4 908
3 308
2 986
4 586
7 056
2009
24 300
32 300
4 900
14 100
41 700
30 000
10 600
37 300
21 400
23 300
30 000
10 500
26 400
22 900
8 700
8 500
72 800
9 300
14 900
37 400
34 300
8 200
16 600
5 900
17 700
11 800
33 900
33 300
26 800
28 800
90 400
57 600
50 000
4 720
3 300
2 958
4 187
6 121
2010
25 300
33 500
5 000
14 900
43 500
31 600
11 000
36 400
20 300
23 200
30 800
10 500
26 800
23 000
8 500
9 000
77 900
9 800
15 900
38 000
35 200
9 400
17 000
6 300
17 700
12 400
34 900
39 400
28 900
31 400
106 200
66 200
55 900
5 011
3 459
3 088
4 082
7 483
2011
26 000
34 500
5 600
15 600
44 200
33 100
12 500
38 000
18 600
22 900
31 500
10 400
27 300
23 000
9 800
10 300
81 300
10 100
16 500
38 500
36 800
9 900
16 700
6 600
18 000
13 000
36 500
42 900
29 500
33 000
114 700
72 300
63 400
5 211
3 665
3 191
4 619
7 494
2012
26 500
35 000
5 700
15 300
45 200
33 600
13 600
38 100
17 300
22 300
31 800
10 300
26 800
22 500
10 800
11 200
82 000
10 000
17 200
38 500
37 600
10 100
16 000
6 700
17 500
13 400
36 900
44 500
32 200
34 400
:
79 000
64 700
5 063
3 680
3 305
4 400
8 139
2013
26 600
35 400
5 800
14 900
45 500
34 400
14 400
39 000
16 500
22 100
32 100
10 200
26 500
21 000
11 300
11 800
85 300
10 200
18 100
38 700
38 100
10 200
16 300
7 200
17 400
13 600
37 300
45 400
31 900
35 700
:
77 400
63 700
5 356
3 930
3 323
4 781
8 161
2014
27 400
35 900
5 900
14 700
46 200
35 400
15 200
41 000
16 200
22 400
32 200
10 200
26 500
20 400
11 800
12 400
87 600
10 600
19 000
39 300
38 500
10 700
16 700
7 500
18 100
13 900
37 600
44 400
34 900
39 200
:
73 500
64 600
5 436
4 127
3 440
4 635
7 819
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_10_pc, nama_gdp_c and cpc_ecnagdp)
61
5
National accounts
Definitions
National accounts data for the African countries are obtained
from various national sources and supplemented with data
from international sources such as the UN Yearbook of
National Accounts and the AfDB (African Development
Bank) and ECA (Economic Commission for Africa) African
Centre for Statistics estimates. Where necessary, official
figures have been adjusted to conform to the System of
National Accounts (SNA). Although compiling their national
accounts in accordance with the 1993 SNA, most African
countries currently work on implementing the 2008 SNA,
and almost two thirds of the countries plan to conclude this
work by 2018.
For European countries, annual national accounts are
compiled in accordance with the European System of
Accounts (ESA 2010). The ESA 2010 is broadly consistent
with the System of National Accounts of the United Nations
(2008 SNA) as regards the definitions, accounting rules and
classifications.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total final
market value of all goods and services produced within a
country during a given period. GDP is the most frequently
used indicator of economic activity and is most often
measured on an annual or quarterly basis to gauge the
growth of a country’s economy between one period and
another. GDP is also a measure of total consumer, investment
and government spending plus the value of exports minus
imports. GDP is the most widely used indicator from the
System of National Accounts (SNA). Its methodology is
standardised internationally thus enabling comparison
between countries anywhere in the world.
GDP growth rate is calculated as the increase in GDP relative
to the previous year, in percentage. GDP is measured at
constant prices in national currency, in order to calculate a
growth measure that is not influenced by price inflation and
by variations in the exchange rates.
GDP per capita is an indicator that is derived through the
division of GDP by the total population.
62
Chapter 6: Economy & finance
Economy & finance
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.1.a: Government revenue (% of GDP)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2008
29.7
41.4
50.5
21.3
31.4
17.2
30.3
20.8
29.9
15.1
27.3
24.7
52.1
20.3
20.3
41.9
3.2
48.4
:
16.4
32.9
22.8
28.4
16.2
:
22.9
66.2
36.2
69.9
16.6
29.9
18.9
22.1
19.5
29.5
25.5
25.1
29.9
33.8
27.1
48.7
21.8
36.4
15.9
:
24.5
21.8
33.4
21.0
17.5
26.5
16.2
22.3
:
2009
26.7
36.6
34.5
21.0
37.1
19.6
27.4
17.4
31.6
41.8
14.7
24.3
30.1
22.7
24.4
37.0
27.1
49.5
:
16.3
32.9
20.6
18.5
15.8
24.7
22.4
57.0
23.7
56.7
12.3
31.9
21.7
25.5
22.1
27.2
27.1
30.9
18.7
19.2
24.3
30.0
20.4
37.2
17.0
:
28.5
14.6
35.1
20.2
21.2
23.4
13.5
20.3
15.9
2010
27.2
36.4
43.5
19.2
29.7
20.1
31.0
16.5
31.2
16.7
20.5
30.3
64.1
20.5
32.9
35.4
22.2
34.8
:
17.3
28.0
18.8
19.1
15.8
20.2
25.2
59.9
27.7
67.8
13.3
33.6
20.2
26.5
21.9
25.2
29.7
29.5
18.4
23.5
26.2
33.3
21.9
35.4
18.1
:
24.9
15.7
34.2
19.2
22.8
23.4
13.4
19.6
17.8
2011
25.0
39.9
45.8
20.1
30.4
19.5
26.0
18.2
25.6
13.3
24.8
23.6
41.4
14.4
18.0
34.5
19.3
33.6
18.4
16.6
27.8
21.2
18.7
19.9
16.7
20.3
50.0
31.6
39.1
11.7
24.9
21.8
20.9
21.1
26.5
27.3
27.5
20.8
17.4
23.6
40.3
21.9
38.3
17.0
:
27.3
17.3
23.0
19.2
22.6
26.0
18.7
17.6
26.7
2012
27.9
40.5
45.8
19.9
36.3
22.7
26.8
18.3
22.9
16.3
23.9
30.2
45.9
20.8
20.1
35.0
19.3
39.2
:
15.7
28.1
25.2
22.8
22.6
15.1
25.7
50.3
29.4
59.6
12.1
27.0
17.7
37.7
21.2
26.9
29.6
31.3
22.2
25.9
25.7
33.5
23.3
39.6
13.8
:
27.8
:
9.2
24.1
21.6
21.2
26.3
15.6
21.8
28.0
2013
24.6
35.9
35.2
21.3
33.6
21.6
30.8
18.0
24.9
8.4
20.4
43.7
45.8
19.8
17.4
35.0
20.0
23.9
18.3
15.9
26.8
18.3
16.8
24.3
10.5
20.4
58.7
28.9
58.7
10.9
30.5
18.6
33.5
21.4
26.6
32.2
34.0
22.6
16.3
23.5
26.0
22.2
34.2
13.3
:
29.2
:
9.9
33.5
20.8
25.3
26.5
15.9
18.4
27.7
2014
23.1
33.5
33.5
21.6
35.1
19.9
28.9
17.7
26.1
18.8
18.7
25.6
38.4
19.6
16.4
33.4
22.7
23.3
18.6
15.1
25.1
20.7
18.2
24.8
19.5
21.6
55.4
29.2
45.1
12.4
36.9
21.7
30.9
21.3
27.3
31.4
37.9
24.7
14.9
26.0
26.3
21.7
33.5
13.0
:
28.1
:
9.6
33.0
20.7
25.1
26.8
15.4
17.2
28.1
64
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.1.b: Government revenue (% of GDP)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2008
44.0
49.2
38.5
38.1
53.7
43.4
37.1
34.9
40.6
36.7
49.8
41.9
45.1
39.5
33.1
35.0
42.7
45.1
38.4
43.8
48.3
40.8
41.6
33.2
42.5
34.3
52.4
52.3
41.5
42.5
:
58.9
33.2
:
:
:
:
:
2009
43.6
48.8
35.4
38.1
54.0
44.3
43.9
33.4
38.9
34.8
49.6
41.6
45.9
36.8
34.5
35.8
44.5
46.1
38.6
42.7
48.8
37.9
40.4
31.5
42.3
36.1
52.2
52.4
38.8
38.8
:
56.4
33.9
:
:
:
:
:
2010
43.6
49.3
33.4
38.6
54.3
43.0
40.7
33.3
41.3
36.2
49.6
41.3
45.6
37.5
36.2
35.4
43.4
45.0
37.9
43.2
48.3
38.1
40.6
32.7
43.6
34.5
52.1
51.1
39.1
39.6
:
56.0
33.3
:
:
:
:
:
2011
44.0
50.3
32.1
40.2
54.8
43.8
38.6
33.0
44.0
36.2
50.8
41.0
45.6
36.8
35.6
33.5
43.8
44.3
38.3
42.7
48.3
38.8
42.6
33.7
43.4
36.4
53.3
50.5
39.2
40.1
:
57.3
33.7
:
:
:
:
:
2012
44.8
51.6
34.0
40.5
55.2
44.4
38.8
33.8
46.3
37.5
52.0
41.7
47.8
36.1
36.1
33.0
44.7
46.3
38.9
43.2
48.9
38.9
42.9
33.3
44.4
36.0
54.0
50.7
38.4
41.7
:
56.8
33.5
:
:
:
:
:
2013
45.3
52.7
36.9
41.3
55.8
44.4
38.1
34.0
48.3
38.2
52.9
42.5
48.1
36.5
35.9
32.9
44.0
47.0
40.0
44.0
49.6
38.4
45.1
33.0
45.3
38.4
55.0
51.0
39.2
42.4
:
54.9
33.7
:
:
:
:
:
2014
45.2
52.0
36.3
40.6
58.4
44.6
38.7
34.4
46.4
38.6
53.6
42.6
48.2
40.4
35.6
34.1
43.8
47.4
41.9
43.9
50.0
38.8
44.5
33.5
44.8
38.9
54.9
50.1
38.2
45.6
:
54.7
33.5
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10a_main)
65
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.2.a: Government expenditure (% of GDP)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2008
26.5
35.4
41.6
23.0
27.2
21.6
33.4
18.5
31.1
15.5
22.1
27.2
26.0
19.0
19.7
40.6
2.7
25.5
:
19.4
32.0
26.0
42.4
17.4
:
28.5
55.7
36.5
43.0
18.5
34.0
21.5
29.5
22.7
29.1
28.0
24.3
23.8
30.0
26.7
31.2
26.6
39.8
21.0
:
23.7
23.2
30.9
21.1
17.7
27.3
18.6
24.6
:
2009
29.8
43.1
39.5
25.9
42.8
24.4
35.8
17.5
38.5
14.6
23.1
23.7
25.5
21.8
28.6
41.6
33.7
59.1
:
17.2
26.2
23.3
22.8
23.7
21.8
29.3
55.2
25.1
50.7
14.8
37.1
25.9
30.6
28.0
29.4
32.6
29.2
24.1
22.4
25.2
59.5
26.7
32.0
19.8
:
29.4
18.9
37.0
24.1
21.8
26.1
15.5
22.4
17.5
2010
30.7
38.5
36.7
21.6
39.1
24.6
36.6
17.2
43.1
17.1
23.4
23.0
22.0
22.1
30.5
35.9
30.3
39.5
:
19.0
28.0
22.8
24.9
29.8
20.4
31.6
62.6
27.2
57.1
14.1
34.4
22.9
28.4
28.3
29.8
33.6
30.8
20.8
29.3
26.8
42.7
27.1
32.8
24.2
:
30.7
18.7
40.3
25.9
22.5
24.6
17.7
22.7
23.2
2011
28.0
41.0
37.7
21.9
36.6
23.0
34.3
21.7
33.1
15.7
22.4
22.1
25.4
18.4
19.1
35.6
29.1
32.6
34.6
18.2
25.6
26.0
24.4
20.2
18.1
24.0
50.5
29.2
55.0
14.1
27.0
25.2
21.6
24.6
33.6
32.4
34.5
22.6
19.3
27.1
52.9
28.7
44.1
21.6
:
30.7
17.1
30.7
25.1
23.7
28.4
23.0
19.3
29.0
2012
31.0
45.2
37.1
21.1
36.7
25.8
35.9
20.2
32.7
16.2
23.4
26.6
30.5
23.4
21.8
37.8
29.9
44.6
:
16.8
29.1
29.6
28.6
25.8
17.9
30.5
56.0
31.7
45.8
13.3
34.0
19.0
36.9
23.2
35.7
33.4
38.3
23.3
28.2
26.9
44.2
29.1
36.8
15.2
:
32.0
:
12.7
28.4
26.2
27.0
31.2
18.6
24.7
29.3
2013
28.0
37.4
34.9
23.2
32.8
26.0
30.4
22.0
33.9
14.7
23.1
25.5
37.5
22.1
19.2
38.1
33.7
28.4
30.8
17.8
29.9
26.8
26.3
26.3
11.9
26.0
53.9
30.5
64.9
14.9
30.7
25.5
28.7
24.9
32.1
35.0
35.1
24.9
15.2
28.7
37.3
27.7
33.2
15.7
:
33.0
:
12.2
32.6
27.7
29.7
31.2
18.5
25.1
30.2
2014
28.1
40.6
35.7
22.7
29.9
23.6
30.1
22.8
34.1
22.0
24.3
26.2
43.8
21.8
20.0
35.9
35.4
30.4
30.3
17.7
31.8
26.7
28.5
29.0
21.7
29.6
54.4
30.2
94.2
14.4
41.2
27.3
29.6
24.9
32.3
41.4
32.9
30.4
14.8
30.3
35.7
26.8
32.5
14.2
:
31.5
:
10.5
33.4
24.5
30.0
31.5
20.3
22.7
30.5
66
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.2.b: Government expenditure (% of GDP)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2008
46.5
50.3
36.9
40.2
50.5
43.6
39.7
41.9
50.8
41.1
53.0
44.7
47.8
38.6
37.2
38.1
39.4
48.8
42.6
43.6
49.8
44.4
45.3
38.8
43.9
36.7
48.3
50.3
46.6
55.7
:
40.2
31.2
:
:
:
:
:
2009
50.3
54.1
39.5
43.6
56.8
47.6
46.1
47.2
54.1
45.8
56.8
47.3
51.1
42.3
43.6
44.9
45.1
50.7
41.9
48.2
54.1
45.2
50.2
40.6
48.2
43.9
54.8
53.1
49.6
48.5
:
46.1
33.1
:
:
:
:
:
2010
50.0
53.3
36.6
43.0
57.1
47.3
40.5
65.7
52.5
45.6
56.4
47.2
49.9
42.2
44.7
42.3
44.0
49.6
41.1
48.2
52.7
45.6
51.8
39.6
49.3
42.0
54.8
51.2
48.8
49.4
:
45.0
32.9
:
:
:
:
:
2011
48.6
54.4
34.1
42.9
56.8
44.7
37.4
45.5
54.2
45.6
55.9
48.8
49.1
42.5
39.0
42.5
43.3
49.7
40.9
47.0
50.8
43.6
50.0
39.1
50.0
40.5
54.4
50.5
46.9
45.7
:
43.8
32.9
:
:
:
:
:
2012
49.0
55.8
34.7
44.5
58.8
44.4
39.1
41.8
55.2
48.0
56.8
47.1
50.8
41.9
36.9
36.1
44.6
48.6
42.5
47.1
51.1
42.6
48.5
36.5
48.6
40.1
56.1
51.7
46.8
45.5
:
42.9
33.3
:
:
:
:
:
2013
48.6
55.6
37.6
42.6
57.1
44.5
38.3
39.7
60.8
45.1
57.0
47.8
51.0
41.4
36.8
35.6
43.3
49.5
42.6
46.4
50.9
42.4
49.9
35.2
60.3
41.0
57.6
52.4
44.9
44.2
:
44.1
34.0
:
:
:
:
:
2014
48.2
55.1
42.1
42.6
56.9
44.3
38.0
38.2
49.9
44.5
57.5
48.2
51.2
49.3
37.1
34.8
42.4
49.9
44.0
46.2
52.7
42.1
51.7
34.9
49.8
41.6
58.3
51.8
43.9
45.7
:
45.6
33.7
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10a_main)
67
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.3.a: Government fiscal balance (% of GDP)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2008
3.1
6.0
8.8
-1.7
4.2
-4.4
-3.1
2.3
-1.1
-0.4
5.2
-2.6
26.1
-2.4
0.6
1.3
0.5
22.9
:
-3.0
0.9
-3.2
-14.0
-1.2
:
-5.6
10.6
-0.4
26.9
-1.9
-4.2
-2.6
-7.4
-3.1
0.4
-2.5
0.8
6.0
3.8
0.5
17.5
-4.8
-3.3
-5.1
:
0.8
-1.4
2.5
-0.0
-0.2
-0.8
-2.3
-2.2
:
2009
-3.1
-6.5
-4.9
-4.9
-5.7
-4.8
-8.4
-0.0
-6.9
27.2
-8.4
0.6
4.7
0.9
-4.2
-4.6
-6.6
-9.6
:
-0.9
6.6
-2.7
-4.3
-7.9
2.8
-6.9
1.8
-1.4
6.0
-2.5
-5.1
-4.2
-5.1
-6.0
-2.2
-5.5
1.7
-5.3
-3.2
-0.8
-29.5
-6.3
5.2
-2.7
:
-0.9
-4.3
-1.9
-4.0
-0.6
-2.7
-2.0
-2.1
-1.6
2010
-3.5
-2.1
6.8
-2.5
-9.4
-4.5
-5.7
-0.7
-11.8
-0.4
-2.9
7.3
42.1
-1.6
2.4
-0.5
-8.1
-4.7
:
-1.7
0.0
-4.0
-5.9
-14.0
-0.2
-6.3
-2.7
0.6
10.7
-0.9
-0.8
-2.7
-1.9
-6.4
-4.6
-4.0
-1.3
-2.4
-5.8
-0.6
-9.4
-5.2
2.5
-6.1
:
-5.8
-2.9
-6.0
-6.7
0.3
-1.3
-4.3
-3.1
-5.4
2011
-3.0
-1.2
8.1
-1.8
-6.2
-3.5
-8.3
-3.6
-7.5
-2.4
2.4
1.4
16.0
-4.0
-1.2
-1.1
-9.8
1.0
-16.2
-1.6
2.3
-4.7
-5.7
-0.3
-1.4
-3.7
-0.5
2.5
-15.9
-2.4
-2.1
-3.4
-0.7
-3.5
-7.0
-5.1
-6.9
-1.9
-1.9
-3.5
-12.6
-6.7
-5.8
-4.6
:
-3.4
0.2
-7.7
-6.0
-1.1
-2.4
-4.3
-1.7
-2.4
2012
-3.1
-4.8
8.7
-1.3
-0.4
-3.1
-9.1
-1.9
-9.8
0.0
0.5
3.6
15.3
-2.6
-1.7
-2.8
-10.6
-5.4
:
-1.2
-1.0
-4.4
-5.8
-3.2
-2.7
-4.7
-5.7
-2.3
13.8
-1.3
-7.0
-1.3
0.8
-2.1
-8.7
-3.9
-7.0
-1.1
-2.4
-1.2
-10.7
-5.9
2.9
-1.4
:
-4.2
:
-3.5
-4.4
-4.6
-5.8
-4.8
-3.0
-2.8
-1.3
2013
-3.5
-1.5
0.3
-1.9
0.7
-4.4
0.4
-4.1
-9.0
-6.3
-2.7
18.2
8.3
-2.3
-1.7
-3.1
-13.7
-4.5
-12.5
-1.9
-3.2
-8.4
-9.5
-2.1
-1.4
-5.6
4.8
-1.6
-6.2
-4.0
-0.2
-6.9
4.8
-3.5
-5.5
-2.9
-1.1
-2.3
1.1
-5.2
-11.3
-5.5
0.9
-2.4
:
-3.9
:
-2.3
0.9
-6.9
-4.5
-4.6
-2.6
-6.7
-2.4
2014
-5.0
-7.0
-2.2
-1.1
5.2
-3.7
-1.2
-5.2
-8.0
-3.2
-5.6
-0.6
-5.4
-2.2
-3.7
-2.6
-12.8
-7.2
-11.6
-2.6
-6.6
-6.0
-10.4
-4.2
-2.1
-8.0
1.0
-1.1
-49.1
-2.0
-4.3
-5.6
1.2
-3.6
-4.9
-10.0
5.0
-5.7
0.1
-4.3
-9.4
-5.1
1.0
-1.2
:
-3.4
:
-0.9
-0.3
-3.8
-4.9
-4.7
-4.9
-5.5
-2.4
68
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.3.b: Government fiscal balance (% of GDP)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2008
-2.5
-1.1
1.6
-2.1
3.2
-0.2
-2.7
-7.0
-10.2
-4.4
-3.2
-2.7
-2.7
0.9
-4.1
-3.1
3.3
-3.6
-4.2
0.2
-1.4
-3.6
-3.8
-5.6
-1.4
-2.3
4.2
2.0
-5.1
-13.1
:
18.7
2.0
-0.3
-0.9
-5.6
-2.6
-2.3
2009
-6.7
-5.4
-4.1
-5.5
-2.8
-3.2
-2.2
-13.8
-15.2
-11.0
-7.2
-5.8
-5.3
-5.5
-9.1
-9.1
-0.5
-4.6
-3.3
-5.4
-5.3
-7.3
-9.8
-9.1
-5.9
-7.9
-2.5
-0.7
-10.8
-9.7
:
10.3
0.8
-5.4
-2.6
-7.1
-4.4
-6.5
2010
-6.4
-4.0
-3.2
-4.4
-2.7
-4.2
0.2
-32.3
-11.2
-9.4
-6.8
-5.9
-4.2
-4.8
-8.5
-6.9
-0.5
-4.5
-3.2
-5.0
-4.4
-7.5
-11.2
-6.9
-5.6
-7.5
-2.6
0.0
-9.7
-9.8
:
11.0
0.3
-4.6
-2.4
-3.1
-4.6
-2.9
2011
-4.5
-4.1
-2.0
-2.7
-2.1
-1.0
1.2
-12.5
-10.2
-9.5
-5.1
-7.8
-3.5
-5.7
-3.4
-8.9
0.5
-5.5
-2.6
-4.3
-2.6
-4.9
-7.4
-5.4
-6.6
-4.1
-1.0
-0.1
-7.7
-5.6
:
13.4
0.8
-5.2
-2.5
-3.5
-4.8
-0.8
2012
-4.3
-4.1
-0.6
-4.0
-3.6
-0.1
-0.3
-8.0
-8.8
-10.4
-4.8
-5.3
-3.0
-5.8
-0.8
-3.1
0.2
-2.3
-3.6
-3.9
-2.2
-3.7
-5.7
-3.2
-4.1
-4.2
-2.1
-0.9
-8.3
-3.7
:
13.8
0.2
-5.9
-3.8
-3.4
-6.8
-0.2
2013
-3.3
-2.9
-0.8
-1.3
-1.3
-0.1
-0.1
-5.7
-12.4
-6.9
-4.1
-5.4
-2.9
-4.9
-0.9
-2.6
0.7
-2.5
-2.6
-2.4
-1.3
-4.0
-4.8
-2.2
-15.0
-2.6
-2.5
-1.4
-5.7
-1.9
:
10.8
-0.3
-2.3
-3.9
-4.9
-5.5
0.2
2014
-3.0
-3.1
-5.8
-1.9
1.5
0.3
0.7
-3.9
-3.6
-5.9
-3.9
-5.6
-3.0
-8.9
-1.5
-0.7
1.4
-2.5
-2.1
-2.4
-2.7
-3.3
-7.2
-1.4
-5.0
-2.8
-3.3
-1.7
-5.7
-0.1
:
9.1
-0.2
-3.1
-4.2
-5.1
-6.7
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10a_main and cpc_ecgov)
69
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.4.a: External debt (% of GDP)(1)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia (2)
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
24.8
5.0
16.4
11.6
12.5
20.0
162.0
6.3
86.3
73.8
28.5
71.2
86.0
107.3
139.1
56.8
27.5
1.8
58.0
39.6
32.7
113.8
19.3
109.8
177.2
28.5
54.5
783.7
10.1
31.5
16.9
19.9
94.1
16.1
23.9
64.1
28.1
15.8
2.4
15.6
287.6
35.4
50.2
109.9
:
21.9
78.1
15.5
57.4
43.9
53.9
40.5
5.0
80.0
2007
23.6
4.2
15.8
12.7
10.2
19.7
149.9
5.7
79.3
58.1
24.7
79.9
94.7
96.7
130.2
63.6
22.9
1.3
58.0
12.1
35.3
40.6
23.3
77.2
149.2
24.0
42.6
594.5
7.5
25.9
16.7
18.7
95.1
10.3
23.7
81.0
25.7
15.9
2.4
15.3
104.0
38.5
68.4
31.8
:
26.3
68.5
17.4
27.7
86.3
51.8
10.8
10.3
92.9
2008
20.1
3.5
16.6
15.6
9.9
21.0
94.2
5.2
50.5
54.1
15.7
69.6
64.4
80.3
70.7
60.2
20.6
0.8
61.9
11.5
14.1
38.0
21.8
68.8
120.1
23.5
40.3
291.1
6.3
39.0
17.2
20.6
82.8
12.0
21.8
63.7
22.7
22.7
2.2
14.7
59.5
43.7
81.0
24.8
:
26.8
50.2
15.9
24.1
56.1
46.0
18.1
38.7
122.3
2009
21.9
4.1
20.8
16.2
26.2
25.6
21.2
5.3
59.2
16.7
18.5
52.0
58.9
71.6
75.0
59.8
16.8
5.6
49.1
15.1
17.9
43.1
26.9
69.9
128.9
20.9
39.4
145.4
8.8
56.2
12.9
22.1
87.6
23.2
24.7
57.3
28.2
39.9
1.5
13.9
69.2
52.0
89.9
28.6
:
26.5
57.6
12.6
21.0
55.3
49.5
18.8
41.8
97.2
2010
20.0
3.5
21.4
18.1
21.3
26.6
22.9
6.2
64.6
20.0
20.2
48.9
19.7
66.2
24.3
56.1
15.7
5.4
45.8
20.6
15.7
42.3
27.2
66.7
23.6
21.7
32.6
8.8
7.5
59.5
12.6
26.8
79.2
22.5
25.9
60.1
30.9
50.0
1.4
13.6
78.2
53.1
49.3
30.4
:
27.8
56.7
13.2
23.9
17.2
48.5
20.6
30.3
84.6
2011
20.2
2.2
19.0
16.9
26.9
22.7
23.0
7.0
67.8
22.1
21.4
44.7
21.7
66.7
21.4
52.3
15.1
6.9
35.8
22.9
13.2
43.2
25.1
62.3
31.8
22.8
30.2
12.0
16.1
39.4
12.4
23.2
73.2
83.3
25.2
65.8
39.2
48.9
1.4
15.7
73.3
53.0
46.0
32.6
:
28.4
:
59.2
15.5
25.7
15.4
48.1
26.6
14.9
75.1
2012
20.7
1.8
18.1
16.9
27.9
22.2
21.2
9.0
91.6
25.8
20.4
40.6
26.2
44.1
20.1
49.2
15.0
8.8
29.1
18.1
15.4
44.4
25.2
22.8
39.2
18.3
32.6
11.6
6.8
44.3
17.1
26.2
87.2
87.9
29.9
54.9
37.6
52.6
1.4
14.2
83.8
63.3
45.1
25.9
:
35.7
:
63.4
14.2
25.9
18.5
54.0
26.4
17.1
73.1
2013
21.6
1.6
19.2
19.0
25.3
21.0
19.0
12.3
104.9
38.8
23.7
17.9
32.3
40.1
22.3
48.4
17.4
8.3
25.6
20.3
18.0
43.4
28.6
23.1
36.5
17.9
49.1
14.1
7.6
44.1
26.2
26.9
90.4
102.7
31.2
58.1
37.6
50.9
1.6
19.9
74.3
69.4
36.9
21.3
:
37.3
:
67.4
17.2
26.4
20.7
54.9
27.1
16.4
79.0
(1) Please note the difference in definiton between Africa and the European Union; please consult the methological notes for details.
(2) In 2010, Liberia received debt relief under the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative, reducing its debt by more than 90 per cent.
70
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.4.b: Government debt (% of GDP)(1)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2006
60.4
90.9
20.9
27.9
31.5
66.4
4.4
23.6
103.5
38.9
64.4
38.3
102.5
59.1
9.9
17.2
7.0
64.7
64.6
44.5
67.0
47.1
69.2
12.3
26.0
30.8
38.2
43.2
42.4
:
:
:
:
32.6
30.6
56.1
38.3
46.3
2007
57.8
86.9
16.2
27.8
27.3
63.6
3.7
23.9
103.1
35.5
64.4
37.1
99.7
53.9
8.4
15.9
7.2
65.6
62.4
42.4
64.8
44.2
68.4
12.7
22.7
29.9
34.0
38.3
43.5
:
:
:
:
27.5
23.5
53.4
30.1
39.9
2008
61.0
92.4
13.0
28.7
33.4
65.0
4.5
42.4
109.4
39.4
68.1
38.9
102.3
45.1
18.7
14.6
14.4
71.6
62.7
54.5
68.5
46.6
71.7
13.2
21.6
28.2
32.7
36.8
51.7
:
:
:
:
29.0
20.5
55.1
26.1
40.0
2009
73.0
99.5
13.7
34.1
40.4
72.5
7.0
61.8
126.7
52.7
79.0
48.0
112.5
53.9
36.6
29.0
15.5
78.0
67.8
56.5
79.7
49.8
83.6
23.2
34.5
36.0
41.7
40.4
65.7
:
:
:
:
38.2
23.6
59.7
32.1
46.3
2010
78.4
99.6
15.5
38.2
42.9
81.0
6.6
86.8
146.2
60.1
81.7
57.0
115.3
56.3
47.5
36.2
19.6
80.6
67.6
59.0
82.4
53.3
96.2
29.9
38.2
40.8
47.1
37.6
76.6
:
:
:
:
40.9
24.1
57.7
40.8
42.7
2011
81.0
102.2
15.3
39.9
46.4
78.4
5.9
109.3
172.0
69.5
85.2
63.7
116.4
65.8
42.8
37.2
19.2
80.8
69.8
61.7
82.2
54.4
111.4
34.2
46.4
43.3
48.5
36.9
81.8
:
:
27.5
:
46.0
27.7
59.4
43.3
39.3
2012
83.8
104.1
17.6
44.7
45.6
79.7
9.5
120.2
159.4
85.4
89.6
69.2
123.2
79.3
41.4
39.8
22.1
78.3
67.6
66.4
81.6
54.0
126.2
37.4
53.7
51.9
52.9
37.2
85.3
:
:
29.2
:
50.9
33.7
62.0
55.8
36.2
2013
85.5
105.1
18.0
45.2
45.0
77.4
9.9
120.0
177.0
93.7
92.3
80.8
128.8
102.5
39.1
38.8
23.4
76.8
69.6
67.9
80.8
55.9
129.0
38.0
70.8
54.6
55.6
39.8
86.2
:
:
29.3
:
58.0
34.2
70.1
59.0
36.0
2014
86.8
106.7
27.0
42.7
45.1
74.9
10.4
107.5
178.6
99.3
95.6
85.1
132.3
108.2
40.6
40.7
23.0
76.2
68.3
68.2
84.2
50.4
130.2
39.9
80.8
53.5
59.3
44.9
88.2
:
:
26.6
:
56.7
38.2
71.8
68.9
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: gov_10dd_edpt1 and cpc_ecgov)
71
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.5.a: Consumer price index (2005=100)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
:
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2006
105.8
102.3
113.3
103.8
111.6
102.4
102.8
105.0
104.7
106.7
108.0
104.4
104.9
113.2
102.5
103.5
104.2
104.5
115.1
112.3
98.6
101.4
111.7
134.7
102.0
106.0
106.0
109.5
101.5
110.8
113.9
101.5
106.2
108.9
103.3
113.2
105.0
100.4
108.2
108.9
123.1
102.1
98.8
107.9
:
104.6
107.2
105.2
107.3
102.3
104.2
107.2
109.0
104.2
2007
113.2
106.1
127.2
105.1
119.5
102.1
111.4
106.2
109.4
107.7
98.3
109.1
107.7
132.1
104.4
108.6
115.6
107.4
125.8
129.2
103.3
106.8
123.7
165.5
106.7
110.6
114.5
122.0
107.8
122.2
123.0
103.0
113.9
118.5
105.4
122.5
112.1
100.8
114.1
118.8
145.9
108.1
104.0
120.5
:
112.1
115.8
113.7
114.8
103.3
107.7
113.7
120.6
100.0
2008
125.5
111.2
143.0
113.5
134.6
113.0
138.6
111.8
116.8
117.7
106.5
114.3
112.5
155.9
111.0
121.6
129.1
112.4
150.9
200.7
108.8
111.6
144.0
195.9
117.4
128.5
126.6
143.3
119.0
133.5
133.7
112.3
122.3
130.0
109.5
135.1
123.7
112.2
127.7
137.2
192.6
114.3
142.5
138.3
:
125.0
132.3
128.1
126.6
112.2
113.0
127.4
135.7
107.3
2009
137.1
117.6
162.7
114.5
145.6
116.2
153.2
115.2
117.9
121.8
117.2
119.8
119.0
227.9
116.2
123.6
150.1
118.8
200.6
206.1
110.9
116.8
171.8
205.1
114.5
142.0
135.9
154.0
121.9
145.4
144.9
114.8
125.1
133.2
110.6
139.5
134.5
113.5
143.0
151.3
225.2
111.8
187.7
151.1
:
133.9
147.2
137.6
142.0
114.3
117.0
144.0
153.8
114.3
2010
147.2
122.2
186.2
117.0
155.7
115.3
163.2
116.7
120.4
123.6
114.8
124.5
119.3
281.5
118.2
128.5
167.7
125.2
226.1
221.1
112.5
123.3
190.2
236.8
117.1
148.1
141.1
165.2
124.9
158.8
155.6
116.2
132.9
137.1
111.7
157.2
140.6
114.5
162.5
154.8
255.3
113.1
183.2
178.0
:
139.4
166.3
143.8
151.0
115.9
122.2
149.8
166.9
117.7
2011
159.8
127.7
211.5
120.2
168.9
118.6
178.9
120.1
125.7
125.1
116.9
132.9
121.8
325.1
124.0
135.0
187.5
131.2
256.3
305.4
114.0
129.0
206.8
287.3
123.0
168.8
148.1
179.2
144.7
174.4
167.4
120.0
140.4
146.1
112.7
173.6
147.7
117.9
180.2
163.6
291.8
116.6
187.9
210.9
:
146.4
:
196.4
152.6
170.1
120.1
126.5
177.8
181.4
121.8
2012
:
139.1
233.2
128.1
181.6
123.1
211.3
123.0
128.9
132.5
125.9
141.3
127.5
333.9
126.4
140.0
203.4
135.6
287.7
368.0
117.2
134.0
225.8
330.9
125.6
184.7
157.1
191.5
153.5
184.5
203.1
126.4
147.3
151.8
114.1
177.4
157.3
118.4
202.2
173.8
322.8
119.0
201.3
239.8
:
154.7
:
266.2
166.2
197.4
123.2
133.5
203.7
193.3
126.3
2013
:
143.7
255.1
131.5
192.6
125.6
227.8
125.8
130.9
141.0
126.4
144.8
131.2
337.6
129.9
143.5
217.5
142.4
323.0
395.3
117.7
141.1
252.3
370.3
126.8
195.3
165.0
206.3
159.2
197.3
260.8
126.8
153.4
157.1
116.3
184.9
166.4
120.7
219.4
181.1
350.3
119.7
210.1
263.4
:
163.5
:
362.5
175.7
213.0
125.5
141.6
215.0
207.1
131.5
2014
:
120.9
146.0
109.5
128.9
107.0
145.9
:
108.5
:
:
:
:
109.5
:
:
142.2
:
:
189.8
:
122.4
153.0
:
106.9
140.9
123.2
:
:
130.7
206.7
108.7
:
118.2
104.6
:
124.7
104.8
145.8
122.9
140.9
104.4
116.2
155.2
:
123.6
:
:
:
149.7
108.2
120.9
148.8
130.8
:
72
6
Economy & finance
Table 6.5.b: Consumer price index (1) (2005=100)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
:
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
:
100.0
2006
102.3
102.3
107.4
102.1
101.8
101.8
104.5
102.7
103.3
103.6
101.9
103.3
102.2
102.3
106.6
103.8
103.0
104.0
102.6
101.7
101.7
101.3
103.0
106.6
102.5
104.3
101.3
101.5
102.3
104.7
:
102.5
101.0
102.9
103.2
102.3
:
109.6
2007
104.7
104.2
115.6
105.1
103.5
104.1
111.5
105.6
106.4
106.5
103.6
106.0
104.3
104.5
117.3
109.8
105.7
112.3
103.3
103.3
103.9
103.9
105.5
111.8
106.4
106.2
102.9
103.2
104.7
108.5
:
103.2
101.8
107.4
105.6
105.3
:
119.2
2008
108.6
108.9
129.4
111.7
107.3
107.0
123.3
108.9
110.9
110.9
106.8
112.2
108.0
109.0
135.2
122.0
110.0
119.1
108.1
105.5
107.3
108.3
108.3
120.7
112.3
110.4
106.9
106.7
108.5
122.3
:
106.7
104.2
116.8
114.3
109.4
:
131.6
2009
109.6
108.9
132.6
112.4
108.4
107.2
123.6
107.1
112.4
110.6
106.9
114.7
108.8
109.2
139.6
127.1
110.0
123.9
110.1
106.6
107.7
112.6
107.4
127.4
113.3
111.4
108.7
108.7
110.8
142.2
:
109.2
103.4
120.8
113.4
111.3
:
139.9
2010
111.9
111.4
136.6
113.7
110.8
108.4
127.0
105.4
117.7
112.9
108.8
115.9
110.6
112.0
137.9
128.6
113.1
129.7
112.4
107.6
109.5
115.6
108.9
135.2
115.6
112.2
110.5
110.8
114.5
152.8
:
111.8
104.1
121.6
115.2
115.3
:
151.9
2011
115.4
115.1
141.2
116.2
113.8
111.1
133.4
106.6
121.4
116.4
111.3
118.5
113.8
115.9
143.7
133.9
117.3
134.8
115.2
110.2
113.4
120.1
112.7
143.0
118.0
116.8
114.2
112.3
119.6
159.2
:
113.1
104.2
125.5
119.7
119.3
:
161.7
2012
118.4
118.2
144.6
120.3
116.5
113.5
139.0
108.7
122.6
119.2
113.8
122.5
117.5
119.5
147.0
138.1
120.7
142.4
118.9
113.3
116.3
124.5
115.9
147.9
121.4
121.2
117.8
113.4
123.0
168.8
:
113.6
103.4
130.1
123.7
121.6
:
176.1
2013
120.2
119.6
145.1
121.9
117.0
115.3
143.5
109.2
121.6
121.0
114.9
125.3
119.0
120.0
147.0
139.8
122.8
144.9
120.1
116.2
118.8
125.5
116.4
152.6
123.7
122.9
120.4
113.9
126.1
175.8
:
115.8
103.5
132.9
:
124.1
:
189.2
2014
120.9
120.2
142.8
122.4
117.4
116.2
144.2
109.6
119.9
120.8
115.6
125.6
119.3
119.7
148.1
140.1
123.6
144.9
121.0
116.6
120.5
125.6
116.2
154.7
124.1
122.8
121.8
114.1
128.0
177.5
:
118.0
103.5
132.0
:
126.1
:
206.0
(1) Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP).
Source: Eurostat (online data code: prc_hicp_aind and cpc_ecprice)
73
6
Economy & finance
Definitions
General government sector is defined in ESA 2010 as
including “all government units and all non-market nonprofit institutions (NPIs) that are controlled by government
units.” It also comprises other non-market producers under
public control.
Government revenue comprises the following categories of
the general government accounts: market output; output for
own final use; payments for non-market output; receivable
taxes on production and imports; other receivable subsidies
on production; receivable property income; current taxes on
income, wealth, etc.; net social contributions; other current
transfers; receivable capital transfers.
Government expenditure corresponds to the following
categories of the general government accounts: intermediate
consumption; gross capital formation; compensation of
employees; other payable taxes on production; payable
subsidies; payable property income; current taxes on income,
wealth, etc.; social benefits other than social transfers in
kind; social transfers in kind - purchased market production;
other current transfers; adjustment for the change in pension
entitlements; payable capital transfers; acquisitions less
disposals of non-produced assets.
Consumer price indices (CPIs) measure the change over time
in the prices of consumer goods and services acquired, used
or paid for by households. They show the cost of acquisition
of a basket of goods and services purchased by the average
consumer. Weights for the computation of the index numbers
are obtained from household budget surveys.
Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP) are a set of
European Union consumer price indices (CPIs) calculated
according to a harmonised approach and a single set of
definitions. They are designed for international comparison
of consumer price inflation. The CPIs presented for the
European countries are HICPs. HICPs are not strictly
comparable with national CPIs.
Government fiscal balance corresponds to government
overall surplus/deficit. By definition, the difference between
general government revenue and general government
expenditure is net lending (+)/net borrowing (–) of the
general government sector.
For African countries, the external debt (total outstanding
debt) is the amount, at any given time, of disbursed and
outstanding contractual liabilities of residents of a country
to non-residents to repay principal, with or without interest,
or to pay interest with or without principal. It is the sum of
public and publicly-guaranteed short and long-term debt,
private non-guaranteed short and long-term debt and the
use of IMF credit.
For European countries, the government debt is defined
as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value at the
end of the year in the following categories of government
liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares
(excluding financial derivatives), and loans.
74
Chapter 7: Industry & services
Industry & services
7
Industry & services
Table 7.1.a: Production indices (2010=100)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Industrial production
index
2011
2012
2013
:
:
:
100.4
102.0
102.9
95.7
101.2
:
107.3
109.9
114.2
:
:
:
92.5
96.5
101.2
108.5
118.3
119.5
102.3
105.0
116.3
:
:
:
107.7
114.1
68.2
96.2
93.1
82.4
:
100.0
91.3
:
:
:
:
:
:
92.6
124.4
130.2
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
100.0
107.8
:
:
:
:
157.0
170.4
181.8
100.0
88.4
87.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
111.2
113.1
116.5
99.6
103.7
115.4
101.2
103.3
107.6
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
105.6
112.2
127.6
107.5
109.0
109.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
106.5
105.9
101.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
107.7
114.4
101.4
96.3
98.3
100.0
:
:
:
105.6
107.6
111.8
:
:
:
Mining production
index
2011
2012
2013
:
:
:
90.5
85.4
90.5
95.0
100.3
:
:
:
:
100.2
92.5
108.5
101.3
99.4
:
114.5
155.4
88.3
:
:
:
:
:
:
111.4
123.8
39.3
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
306.5
356.6
402.2
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
97.6
100.6
:
81.0
74.3
70.9
105.2
101.8
99.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
98.1
109.5
:
102.4
97.5
85.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
118.2
114.8
92.6
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
99.1
96.0
100.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
126.0
158.2
191.2
78.8
78.9
76.3
:
:
:
100.9
99.0
100.8
:
:
:
Manufacturing production
index
2011
2012
2013
:
:
:
98.7
98.8
100.5
99.5
103.2
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
88.3
91.6
:
107.4
114.9
113.6
102.1
104.7
119.9
:
:
:
106.9
111.1
77.3
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
99.5
100.3
99.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
117.0
119.3
119.9
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
105.6
126.9
:
101.4
103.3
107.7
103.4
104.5
104.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
133.5
115.4
:
117.8
133.7
162.8
:
:
:
:
:
:
107.1
105.5
100.4
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
102.8
105.2
106.7
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
115.6
117.4
112.8
98.9
100.6
102.9
103.9
107.6
:
110.6
:
:
:
:
:
76
Industry & services
7
Table 7.1.b: Production indices (2010=100)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
Industrial production index
2011
2012
2013
103.1
100.9
100.4
104.1
101.9
102.9
105.7
105.5
105.5
105.7
104.8
105.0
101.8
102.0
102.4
106.6
106.3
106.5
119.4
121.2
126.3
99.6
98.1
95.9
94.2
92.2
89.2
98.3
91.5
89.9
102.2
99.5
98.9
98.8
93.5
91.7
101.2
94.8
91.8
92.3
83.4
72.2
108.1
114.8
114.4
106.6
110.6
114.2
101.9
96.4
92.6
105.6
104.1
105.7
100.0
105.4
99.8
99.3
98.8
99.3
106.8
106.5
107.4
106.7
108.1
110.6
99.0
92.9
93.4
109.1
111.9
120.2
101.2
100.7
99.3
105.3
113.7
119.6
101.3
99.8
96.6
102.0
100.8
96.1
99.4
96.3
96.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
95.5
98.1
93.2
:
:
:
89.8
83.5
92.3
106.9
104.0
107.3
111.9
118.7
135.1
102.4
99.8
105.8
109.9
112.5
116.5
Mining production index
2011
2012
2013
93.0
87.5
85.2
103.4
97.0
88.8
108.2
105.5
99.2
101.1
96.6
85.9
92.7
87.6
72.5
100.0
94.3
83.6
108.2
103.9
115.3
84.9
75.9
109.0
98.0
97.1
86.0
81.8
62.3
53.6
100.3
96.8
96.7
95.1
80.2
78.3
102.5
103.6
94.6
92.9
62.0
39.6
106.3
107.0
111.1
109.9
105.2
117.3
112.1
112.4
101.3
110.3
119.6
110.6
89.9
116.6
123.7
91.9
91.4
97.6
108.4
108.3
100.8
101.6
98.6
101.7
95.1
73.7
64.4
103.6
114.4
116.2
92.1
85.3
86.4
98.7
95.6
94.6
106.4
98.5
102.8
104.0
107.0
106.4
85.9
76.6
74.6
:
:
:
:
:
:
91.9
91.9
88.3
:
:
:
106.5
84.1
82.9
102.6
104.4
108.0
:
:
:
109.9
109.4
115.9
106.6
108.7
104.9
Manufacturing production index
2011
2012
2013
104.5
102.2
101.8
105.9
103.9
104.7
105.1
105.3
105.9
107.3
106.6
107.6
104.8
106.8
109.4
108.0
107.4
107.7
122.0
124.6
129.5
100.1
98.9
96.4
90.9
87.7
86.8
98.9
91.1
90.0
103.7
100.4
99.2
101.4
96.1
92.5
101.6
94.7
91.8
92.0
82.7
71.0
110.6
120.9
121.7
110.4
116.0
121.3
102.7
97.0
93.7
106.1
104.8
106.7
99.7
105.0
99.0
103.3
102.6
101.5
106.9
106.5
107.7
107.7
109.2
112.1
99.2
96.8
97.6
108.7
111.8
120.9
101.0
99.3
97.3
107.2
119.4
127.2
102.6
101.5
97.6
102.2
98.4
94.2
102.0
100.5
100.0
:
:
:
:
:
:
101.0
103.7
107.5
:
:
:
106.9
96.1
91.3
109.6
107.2
110.2
:
:
:
99.7
98.4
103.7
110.4
112.7
117.7
Source: Eurostat (online data code: sts_inpr_a and cpc_insts)
77
7
Industry & services
Table 7.2.a: Electricity production (GWh)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Gross production
(public and autoproducer)
2012
2013
2014
713 479
744 162
791 901
56 985
56 149
58 618
6 000
6 370
6 762
162
162
299
2 257
2 626
2 931
479
731
791
184
184
184
6 167
6 523
6 903
297
297
349
176
192
207
235
269
286
62
66
65
1 349
1 407
1 468
7 274
7 278
7 281
8 977
9 102
7 469
348
82
355
157 024
157 930
166 379
410
413
939
387
404
421
7 567
8 461
12 526
2 017
2 113
2 213
238
238
310
12 023
12 871
13 303
1 145
1 183
1 182
75
75
139
8 540
8 989
9 490
280
385
385
40
40
105
31 183
31 183
34 378
2 349
2 422
2 498
2 180
2 442
2 640
1 682
1 736
2 101
383
391
605
2 537
2 886
2 599
26 356
26 689
38 748
16 744
15 026
17 906
1 454
1 496
1 535
399
452
664
36 042
25 391
25 200
348
769
821
28
28
29
2 932
2 952
2 876
405
409
430
313
332
314
342
362
383
258 237
283 728
286 710
193
271
297
11 554
11 599
11 643
700
700
700
5 871
6 051
6 246
202
208
336
18 056
18 369
16 079
2 224
3 203
3 207
11 916
11 917
11 918
8 800
8 800
8 836
of which
Hydro-electricity
Electricity from solid fuels
2012
2013
2014
2012
2013
2014
116 935
120 285
127 791
573 973
598 680
636 123
126
99
62
56 776
55 819
58 271
4 287
4 588
4 909
1 710
1 778
1 849
1
1
1
160
160
290
2 250
2 617
2 917
97
106
64
382
625
722
179
179
179
4
4
4
4 470
4 783
5 118
1 574
1 613
1 652
290
290
315
149
159
170
27
28
30
235
269
286
5
5
5
57
60
60
827
864
903
522
543
565
7 235
7 235
7 235
36
38
39
1 789
1 914
2 434
7 016
7 016
4 844
345
80
352
12 935
13 840
12 755
142 468
142 468
151 134
14
18
543
396
396
396
383
398
414
6 485
7 306
10 959
564
564
564
1 030
1 082
1 136
974
1 017
1 063
236
236
304
8 070
8 233
7 753
3 953
4 635
5 546
542
580
654
598
598
521
75
75
136
2 402
2 498
2 598
3 274
3 405
3 541
280
385
385
40
40
104
31 174
31 174
34 369
817
858
901
1 512
1 542
1 573
2 164
2 380
2 618
7
43
8
766
820
1 001
864
864
1 024
115
123
87
268
268
394
98
95
99
1 757
2 291
1 801
1 816
2 990
3 514
23 812
22 483
33 376
16 567
14 542
16 169
21
318
1 569
1 413
1 442
1 470
41
41
46
399
448
658
5 307
5 267
6 220
20 084
19 934
29 748
150
214
214
196
256
308
11
11
11
18
18
18
290
311
278
2 586
2 586
2 520
404
408
412
268
287
145
45
45
142
11
11
11
331
351
372
7 858
7 858
7 858
235 766
260 017
262 952
18
21
21
175
250
275
7 884
7 884
7 884
3 460
3 504
3 548
212
212
212
315
315
315
1 472
1 560
1 654
4 293
4 385
4 482
89
95
136
111
111
171
196
60
54
17 746
17 944
15 813
1 514
2 393
2 393
547
613
613
11 134
11 134
11 134
781
781
781
5 844
5 844
5 844
2 917
2 917
2 917
78
Industry & services
7
Table 7.2.b: Electricity production (GWh)
Gross production
(public and autoproducer)
2012
2013
2014
EU-28
3 296 551
3 261 537
:
Belgium
83 084
83 456
:
Bulgaria
47 329
43 784
:
Czech Republic
87 573
87 065
:
Denmark
30 725
34 749
:
Germany
629 812
633 158
:
Estonia
11 967
13 275
:
Ireland
27 596
26 122
:
Greece
60 959
57 152
:
Spain
297 559
283 566
:
France
565 768
572 517
:
Croatia
10 557
13 431
:
Italy
299 277
289 807
:
Cyprus
4 717
4 290
:
Latvia
6 167
6 209
:
Lithuania
5 043
4 762
:
Luxembourg
3 818
2 888
:
Hungary
34 626
30 273
:
Malta
2 294
2 254
:
Netherlands
102 505
100 875
:
Austria
72 617
68 301
:
Poland
162 139
164 557
:
Portugal
46 614
51 672
:
Romania
59 045
58 888
:
Slovenia
15 729
16 087
:
Slovakia
28 664
28 832
:
Finland
70 399
71 251
:
Sweden
166 562
153 166
:
United Kingdom
363 406
359 150
:
Iceland
:
:
:
Liechtenstein
:
:
:
Norway
147 716
134 240
:
Switzerland
:
:
:
Montenegro
2 844
3 945
:
FYR of Macedonia
6 262
6 094
:
Albania
4 725
6 959
:
Serbia
36 799
39 877
:
Turkey
239 497
240 154
:
of which
Hydro-electricity
Electricity from solid fuels
2012
2013
2014
2012
2013
2014
391 138
427 214
:
901 699
871 835
:
2 943
3 046
:
3 388
3 009
:
4 593
5 398
:
22 876
19 392
:
3 569
4 512
:
44 449
41 705
:
17
13
:
10 564
14 292
:
33 247
33 956
:
277 128
282 632
:
42
26
:
9 800
11 490
:
1 213
1 255
:
8 101
7 241
:
4 763
6 412
:
31 119
26 406
:
27 302
44 816
:
55 074
41 031
:
67 633
79 801
:
18 922
21 938
:
4 944
8 174
:
2 238
2 421
:
45 234
55 966
:
49 141
45 105
:
0
0
:
0
0
:
3 677
2 838
:
2
3
:
1 422
1 590
:
0
0
:
2 199
2 176
:
0
0
:
206
208
:
6 344
6 300
:
0
0
:
0
0
:
104
114
:
24 212
24 614
:
50 092
47 734
:
4 407
4 203
:
2 860
3 521
:
134 573
137 718
:
7 625
15 882
:
13 087
11 838
:
12 459
15 487
:
22 901
16 936
:
4 208
5 132
:
5 145
4 876
:
4 359
4 965
:
3 416
3 074
:
16 667
12 672
:
10 779
13 861
:
78 585
61 080
:
876
982
:
11 175
10 440
:
143 157
130 768
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
143 338
128 959
:
35
40
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1 471
2 498
:
1 367
1 441
:
1 036
1 572
:
4 832
4 024
:
4 718
6 950
:
0
0
:
10 479
11 442
:
26 316
28 667
:
56 669
58 225
:
66 332
61 925
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_105a )
79
7
Industry & services
Table 7.3.a: Arrivals of non-resident tourists at the border (1000) (1)
Africa (2)
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2005
49 205
1 443
210
960
1 684
245
148
176
198
12
59
26
35
81
404
30
8 608
:
83
227
526
460
429
45
5
1 479
131
:
562
277
438
126
:
761
6 077
954
778
58
2 778
404
16
779
129
40
:
5 530
:
246
1 182
613
81
6 975
468
669
1 559
2006
54 306
1 638
121
975
1 642
264
214
451
242
14
76
29
46
74
428
40
9 083
:
78
330
789
613
497
46
12
1 601
347
:
125
312
638
130
:
788
6 777
1 095
833
60
3 056
494
12
876
141
34
:
6 259
:
328
1 200
644
94
7 176
539
757
2 287
2007
62 249
1 743
195
1 010
1 965
289
192
477
267
17
107
15
55
65
406
40
11 091
:
81
358
781
487
587
30
30
1 817
292
:
106
344
735
132
:
907
7 701
1 259
929
48
5 239
566
12
879
161
32
:
6 774
:
436
1 230
719
86
7 512
642
897
2 506
2008
66 490
1 772
294
1 027
2 344
272
202
487
285
31
97
15
62
67
379
53
12 835
:
70
383
822
643
698
24
30
1 203
285
:
760
375
742
136
:
930
8 209
1 439
931
73
5 820
621
15
877
159
36
:
7 157
:
440
1 186
770
74
7 750
844
812
1 956
2009
66 980
1 912
366
911
2 468
269
212
498
287
52
115
11
94
70
353
58
12 536
:
79
427
839
142
803
...
30
1 490
320
:
806
163
755
116
:
871
8 661
1 711
980
66
6 053
646
15
815
158
37
:
7 012
:
420
1 344
714
150
7 611
807
710
2 017
2010
73 210
2 070
425
964
2 532
274
142
573
336
54
111
15
101
97
348
51
14 731
:
:
468
874
91
931
12
30
1 609
414
:
834
196
746
129
:
935
9 752
1 836
984
71
6 113
619
8
906
175
39
:
8 074
:
495
1 343
783
202
7 715
946
815
2 239
2011
68 869
2 395
481
1 005
2 634
282
189
604
428
57
111
19
96
79
344
32
9 845
:
:
598
881
57
1 005
131
30
1 823
397
:
772
225
767
130
:
965
9 834
2 012
1 027
82
6 078
844
10
1 151
194
52
:
8 339
:
536
1 328
868
300
5 451
1 151
969
2 261
2012
63 665
2 634
528
220
2 374
263
205
492
533
65
86
21
256
167
361
:
11 196
:
:
596
517
157
1 234
96
:
1 619
422
:
79
256
751
32
:
965
9 375
2 113
1 063
85
768
815
12
989
208
60
:
9 188
:
814
1 093
1 043
235
5 950
1 197
859
1 673
2013
:
2 575
536
:
:
:
149
:
:
:
:
21
:
:
370
:
9 192
:
:
563
:
107
1 122
:
30
:
418
:
:
181
:
:
:
9 931
9 943
1 969
1 004
80
:
1 066
10
:
230
59
:
9 515
:
:
1 612
:
251
:
:
915
:
2014
65 773
3 157
641
238
2 594
282
157
485
622
65
86
23
252
199
396
:
9 756
:
:
693
571
178
1 123
104
:
1 257
457
:
91
218
756
:
:
1 036
10 398
2 060
1 072
84
834
944
22
1 039
232
50
:
10 070
:
792
1 132
1 192
263
6 069
1 306
929
1 848
(2) The Africa total is based on the available countries.
80
7
Industry & services
Table 7.3.b: Arrivals of non-resident tourists in tourist accommodation establishments (1000) (1)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2005
:
6 747
1 936
6 336
2 002
21 500
1 453
:
7 349
37 407
41 944
6 625
38 055
1 763
730
648
911
3 446
1 031
10 012
17 128
4 310
5 769
1 430
1 515
1 498
2 080
4 883
19 039
853
64
:
:
191
197
57
452
12 953
2006
:
6 994
2 050
6 435
2 035
23 569
1 428
:
7 748
43 144
39 476
6 646
41 194
1 771
816
720
906
3 310
1 012
10 739
17 562
4 314
6 349
1 380
1 571
1 594
2 317
4 696
20 954
952
69
:
:
270
202
63
468
11 897
2007
:
7 045
2 227
6 680
2 027
24 393
1 380
:
8 954
43 953
40 417
7 028
42 873
1 785
845
805
916
3 451
1 049
11 008
18 113
4 387
6 788
1 551
1 704
1 665
2 472
5 128
21 063
1 036
73
:
:
556
229
67
693
14 794
2008
:
7 165
2 223
6 649
1 967
24 858
1 433
:
8 886
43 718
39 122
7 082
41 797
1 762
945
858
878
3 516
1 079
10 104
19 077
4 046
6 962
1 466
1 870
1 740
2 494
4 728
19 550
1 083
73
:
:
576
252
56
642
13 648
2009
257 725
6 814
1 944
6 032
1 792
24 125
1 381
:
10 861
39 204
35 882
6 962
41 125
1 672
754
711
849
3 228
958
9 921
18 534
3 862
6 439
1 276
1 731
1 283
2 220
4 855
19 426
1 209
67
:
:
474
256
65
603
14 389
2010
273 122
7 186
2 079
6 334
1 987
26 765
1 564
:
11 286
43 183
36 729
6 653
43 794
1 814
878
792
805
3 386
1 119
10 883
19 210
4 135
6 756
1 346
1 767
1 313
2 319
4 951
20 484
1 187
64
:
:
500
259
74
640
17 415
2011
295 830
7 494
2 409
6 715
2 146
28 264
1 808
:
12 549
47 653
41 607
7 237
47 461
1 947
1 063
943
874
3 671
1 198
11 299
20 180
4 410
7 264
1 517
1 921
1 448
2 623
5 006
21 211
1 383
67
:
:
532
324
136
713
19 264
2012
305 933
7 560
2 632
7 647
2 232
30 299
1 874
:
11 462
48 101
42 328
10 139 (b)
48 739
2 021
1 096 (b)
1 148 (b)
950 (b)
4 164 (b)
1 196
11 634
21 212
4 979
7 503
1 653 (b)
2 125 (b)
1 511
2 778
4 944
21 854 (b)
1 621
62 (b)
4 538
:
564
347
149
786
20 481
2013
323 936
7 684
2 821
7 852
2 329
31 407
1 940
:
13 786
49 799
46 001
10 775
50 263
1 948
1 250
1 260
944
4 388
1 312
12 783 (b)
21 783
5 243
8 400
1 715
2 226
1 653
2 797
5 030
:
1 918
60
4 778
:
612
395
118
889
21 182
2014
:
:
2 792
8 096
2 465
32 860
1 983
2 243
:
52 359
46 074
11 439
51 662
1 936
1 431
1 357
1 038
4 618
1 399
13 925
22 246
5 470
9 688
1 912
2 374
1 460
2 731
5 455
:
:
61
4 855
:
595
417
174
:
23 609
Source: Eurostat (online data code: tour_occ_arn2 and cpc_intour)
81
7
Industry & services
Table 7.4.a: Number of mobile phone subscriptions (per 1000 inhabitants)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2004
91
151
46
62
282
29
14
89
141
15
13
13
111
36
94
43
105
105
5
2
364
120
80
17
29
73
96
31
88
19
18
32
176
440
310
35
140
14
67
15
52
106
658
:
61
441
28
132
51
63
381
42
41
34
2005
149
402
97
78
331
45
21
128
173
25
21
24
158
48
130
57
192
159
8
6
537
165
128
21
72
152
130
50
357
28
21
58
237
526
394
72
216
24
133
24
78
159
57
:
59
704
7
181
43
78
566
57
83
51
2006
218
609
178
125
434
74
25
168
226
27
45
60
252
79
230
57
247
193
12
11
636
273
237
:
108
200
184
83
691
56
47
123
327
635
527
108
297
35
226
33
116
258
797
:
63
811
119
224
140
125
722
68
141
67
2007
273
785
280
253
857
123
35
247
315
83
89
92
345
108
400
87
381
233
16
16
821
503
247
213
208
250
247
162
778
114
72
181
425
734
641
141
371
59
275
64
191
358
83
143
67
853
19
335
83
204
767
181
219
98
2008
355
757
370
434
878
195
61
328
570
136
170
132
471
159
550
139
548
272
20
25
896
713
328
288
344
352
301
234
1 256
243
115
238
611
812
740
197
478
133
418
129
316
455
92
182
69
895
26
462
124
259
833
289
286
133
2009
425
900
428
585
1 329
239
103
413
591
202
209
171
551
147
681
157
727
294
25
50
929
781
413
325
378
461
332
283
1 599
307
176
307
621
850
812
261
1 632
192
482
231
394
567
127
206
68
912
38
561
175
356
938
306
346
320
2010
498
884
456
799
1 451
347
137
425
750
225
238
225
940
179
761
199
904
570
32
83
1 069
855
425
404
392
523
492
393
1 804
366
218
482
769
928
1 015
295
1 952
245
551
327
620
667
127
348
67
979
41
618
210
413
1 054
404
416
612
2011
595
943
470
853
1 432
473
178
457
793
224
318
287
938
231
864
228
1 037
591
41
128
1 173
995
457
494
407
640
607
492
1 638
400
251
683
895
1 004
1 136
341
2 240
316
586
399
683
733
138
364
182
1 232
:
738
710
240
416
1 161
507
606
721
2012
682
979
471
899
1 501
571
257
640
842
253
355
323
1 012
280
963
247
1 153
677
50
237
1 874
836
1 003
456
694
719
753
564
1 558
394
278
895
1 060
1 131
1 200
331
1 030
324
677
497
710
875
1 586
370
226
1 306
:
605
660
571
499
1 200
459
758
969
2013
742
1 008
619
933
1 606
664
250
704
1 001
295
356
473
1 048
418
954
280
1 215
675
56
273
2 148
1 000
1 082
633
741
718
863
594
1 650
369
323
1 291
1 025
1 232
1 285
480
1 184
393
733
568
649
929
1 473
657
494
1 456
253
729
715
557
625
1 156
441
715
963
82
7
Industry & services
Table 7.4.b: Number of mobile phone subscriptions (per 1000 inhabitants)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2004
870
810
620
1 060
960
900
930
940
840
910
720
640
1 080
900
660
890
1 430
860
770
910
980
600
930
470
930
790
960
980
1 000
1 000
750
990
850
790
492
404
579
491
2005
960
840
800
1 150
1 010
960
1 070
1 030
1 120
990
770
820
1 220
1 040
810
1 270
1 560
920
810
970
940
760
1 090
620
880
840
1 030
1 010
1 090
900
790
1 030
920
886
598
488
700
609
2006
1 060
890
1 070
1 240
1 070
1 040
1 170
1 120
1 250
1 050
820
970
1 370
1 130
950
1 390
1 520
990
860
1 130
920
960
1 160
810
910
910
1 080
1 060
1 160
950
820
1 050
1 000
1 147
695
607
895
726
2007
1 160
980
1 290
1 240
1 160
1 180
1 200
1 150
1 450
1 090
870
1 070
1 520
1 240
970
1 450
1 440
1 100
900
1 180
890
1 090
1 270
1 060
960
1 120
1 150
1 110
1 210
1 060
910
1 080
1 090
1 116
884
737
1 143
889
2008
1 220
1 050
1 370
1 330
1 200
1 310
1 210
1 220
1 690
1 100
910
1 100
1 520
1 290
980
1 490
1 460
1 220
940
1 230
870
1 160
1 410
1 140
1 020
1 020
1 300
1 190
1 260
1 070
970
1 110
1 170
1 643
1 223
935
1 194
933
2009
1 250
1 080
1 390
1 360
1 240
1 320
1 170
1 190
1 800
1 110
950
910
1 510
1 330
990
1 480
1 460
1 180
1 020
1 220
830
1 180
1 510
1 180
1 030
1 020
1 450
1 260
1 300
1 060
970
1 110
1 210
2 549
948
1 314
1 351
878
2010 (b)
1 236
1 112
1 359
1 276
1 415
1 170
1 205
1 124
1 172
1 185
936
:
1 584
1 243
1 580
1 558
1 432
1 084
1 062
1 165
1 434
1 148
1 526
1 188
1 032
1 140
1 508
1 307
1 331
:
:
:
:
2 251
1 098
:
1 357
851
2011
1 279
1 144
1 474
1 290
1 473
1 211
1 350
1 134
1 121
1 249
1 001
:
1 615
1 296
1 701
1 614
1 428
1 102
1 267
1 251
1 511
1 208
1 573
1 168
1 055
1 119
1 633
1 380
1 352
:
:
:
:
1 870
1 105
1 849
1 404
886
2012
1 307
1 181
1 601
1 295
1 543
1 242
1 499
1 197
1 205
1 220
1 057
1 231
1 656
1 312
1 898
1 649
1 458
1 107
1 299
1 312
1 592
1 327
1 577
1 129
1 069
1 153
1 694
1 443
1 307
:
:
:
:
1 597
1 085 (b)
:
1 266
906
2013
1 317
1 179
1 629
1 264
1 501
1 269
1 525
1 223
1 241
1 184
1 107
1 208
1 660
1 286
2 314
1 678
1 486
1 137
1 316
1 201
1 563
1 365
1 596
1 129
1 094
1 211
1 716
1 471
1 297
:
:
:
:
:
1 085
:
1 281
921
Source: Eurostat (online data code: isoc_tc_ac2 (2004-2008), isoc_tc_mcsupe (2009 onwards), cpc_inisoc and demo_pjan)
83
7
Industry & services
Definitions
Industrial production index provides a measure of the
volume trend in value added at factor cost over a given
reference period. In practice, however, value added is not
available on a monthly basis in most countries. Therefore,
data is generally collected for variables other than value
added, with possible alternatives including gross production
values, volumes, turnover, work input, raw material input,
energy input. The production index is a volume index, which
should cover NACE sections B (mining and quarrying),
C (manufacturing) and D (electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning supply). For European countries, data are
adjusted by working days.
For European countries, arrivals of non-residents tourists
refer to arrivals to a country of visitors who are not residents
of that country, taking a trip of less than a year and staying in
tourist accommodation establishments. The trips may be for
any main purpose (except to be employed by a resident entity
in the place visited). An arrival is defined as a person (tourist)
who arrives at a tourist accommodation establishment and
checks in. Tourists arriving in non-rented accommodation
are not recorded. Tourists travelling inside the country
and staying in more than one tourist accommodation
establishment during their trip are counted as a new arrival
each time they register to an accommodation establishment.
Electricity production is the process of creating electricity
from other forms of energy. Electrical energy covers
electricity generated in all types of power plants (e.g. in
nuclear, thermal, hydro, wind, photovoltaic or other plants)
to be distributed to consumers through the grid or consumed
locally. The gross electricity generation at the plant level is
defined as the electricity measured at the outlet of the main
transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant
auxiliaries and in transformers is included. The production of
electricity includes, on the one hand, public utilities, whose
primary purpose is to generate and transmit electric energy
to the public, and on the other, private self-production units
that produce electric energy intended, in whole or in part,
for their own use. It is measured in terms of kilowatt hour
(KWh).
Tourist accommodation establishments include hotels and
similar accommodation, holiday accommodation and other
short-stay accommodation, as well as camping grounds,
recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks.
Hydro-electricity refers to potential and kinetic energy of
water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants.
Solid fuel refers to various types of solid material that are
used as fuel in power stations to produce energy and provide
heating, usually released through combustion.
Number of mobile phone subscriptions per 1 000 inhabitants
for EU countries (except Croatia) from 2009 onwards give the
number of active SIM cards divided per 1 000 inhabitants. It
includes both voice and data services, installed in telephones,
modem, usb keys or other devices.
Number of mobile phone subscriptions per 1 000 inhabitants
for EU countries until 2009 and for non-EU countries
+ Croatia give the number of subscribers per 1 000
inhabitants to the services of the operators offering mobile
telecommunication connected to an automatic public mobile
telephone service using cellular technology. It also includes
pre-paid cards. One person may have more than one
subscription.
For African countries, arrivals of non-resident tourists refers
to all persons checked at the frontier travelling for pleasure,
health, business, meetings or studies and stopping in that
country for twenty-four hours or more. The figures exclude
immigrants and residents in a frontier zone.
84
Chapter 8: External economic relations
External economic relations
8
Table 8.1.a: Balance of payments - current account balance (% of GDP)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Gabon
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
-1.8
24.7
25.2
-5.7
17.2
-9.1
-14.7
1.2
-5.4
-3.2
5.9
-6.1
1.6
-2.1
2.8
-14.7
1.6
9.1
-3.6
-9.1
17.4
-8.8
-8.3
-7.5
-5.6
-2.1
4.8
-13.9
46.7
-10.1
-7.2
-6.3
-1.3
-9.4
2.0
-16.2
15.9
-8.6
26.5
-7.1
-28.6
-9.2
-13.1
-3.5
:
-5.3
-15.2
-6.7
-8.0
-8.6
-1.8
-2.9
-0.4
-6.0
2007
-5.8
22.5
15.6
-10.2
15.4
-8.3
-15.7
1.4
-14.7
-6.4
-3.6
-6.8
-18.2
-0.7
-1.5
-25.7
1.7
1.1
-6.1
-4.8
17.9
-9.7
-8.7
-10.9
-52.6
-3.8
13.4
-31.4
37.5
-11.9
-9.6
-9.8
-10.5
-5.4
-0.1
-16.1
9.4
-8.2
18.7
-2.7
-38.6
-11.6
-28.5
-3.4
:
-7.2
-12.5
-4.6
-9.8
-9.1
-2.4
-2.3
-6.5
-4.3
2008
7.1
20.5
8.5
-8.1
10.2
-11.5
-16.1
-4.7
-13.7
-9.9
7.1
-11.2
2.6
1.9
-17.5
-24.3
0.5
-2.3
-5.5
-5.9
22.0
-12.6
-11.0
-11.2
-3.3
-6.5
12.0
-44.3
42.2
-20.6
-22.2
-12.2
-14.7
-10.1
-5.2
-16.4
8.8
-13.0
37.0
-6.0
-22.0
-14.1
-17.5
-9.1
:
-7.2
-2.0
-7.4
-11.3
-7.0
-3.8
-7.7
-7.1
-19.3
2009
0.4
0.3
-9.9
-8.9
-3.0
-4.6
-9.3
-7.7
-14.6
-8.1
-8.7
-9.2
-8.1
7.0
-10.5
-9.1
-2.3
-17.7
-7.6
-6.0
11.9
-10.7
-6.6
-9.1
-5.7
-7.9
-0.6
-29.2
14.8
-21.1
-12.1
-7.3
-10.7
-7.4
-5.4
-12.7
4.4
-20.1
30.4
-7.3
-25.5
-6.7
-9.6
-6.5
:
-4.0
-10.0
-12.9
-9.0
-5.6
-2.8
-6.6
4.2
-25.0
2010
0.2
7.6
9.0
-7.3
-6.0
-3.6
-14.8
-3.4
-12.4
-9.9
-10.6
-10.4
5.2
1.1
-8.1
-5.8
-2.0
-13.1
-5.6
-6.2
8.7
-16.0
-8.6
-1.9
-8.3
-6.0
-5.7
-59.6
19.5
-9.7
-13.2
-12.8
-7.4
-7.7
-4.1
-7.3
0.9
-19.8
3.9
-7.3
-23.0
-4.5
-22.1
-22.1
:
-1.5
-2.5
-10.0
-5.3
-6.3
-4.8
-8.4
5.9
-22.7
2011
-0.7
8.9
11.8
-3.5
-0.6
-1.3
-12.0
-2.8
-16.3
-7.2
-2.3
-13.6
0.8
6.7
-11.5
-12.6
-2.6
-14.1
0.6
-0.7
13.2
-9.5
-9.0
-20.5
-1.3
-9.4
-11.0
-57.4
9.1
-6.9
-9.2
-6.2
-5.4
-9.0
-11.4
-27.0
-1.2
-22.3
3.0
-7.5
-26.6
-8.0
-29.3
-57.6
:
-2.2
:
-1.9
-8.2
-8.8
-9.1
-7.4
-9.6
3.0
-29.8
2012
-1.1
5.9
11.0
-7.9
-3.9
-0.7
-9.4
-3.3
-11.5
-4.6
-8.5
-8.2
-2.4
-1.1
-8.1
-18.4
-3.9
-16.0
2.3
-7.3
14.0
-16.7
-11.7
-23.8
-7.8
-8.6
-5.9
-50.6
29.1
-6.7
-15.7
-2.6
-25.3
-6.3
-11.1
-44.4
-2.6
-15.3
4.1
-11.4
-22.5
-10.9
-26.3
-33.1
:
-5.0
9.5
-9.6
3.8
-6.3
-9.6
-8.3
-6.7
3.1
-24.6
2013
-2.2
0.4
5.8
-14.5
10.4
-10.4
-8.3
-3.8
-3.5
-3.0
-9.9
-5.7
-4.7
-1.6
-10.2
-23.8
-2.4
-8.1
0.3
-6.0
12.1
-14.4
-11.9
-22.0
-4.1
-2.9
-7.9
-43.5
13.6
-5.4
0.0
-1.8
-22.9
-8.9
-7.6
-37.2
-4.8
-16.6
3.9
-7.1
-18.3
-10.8
-15.2
-37.3
:
-5.8
-18.0
-8.7
5.3
-10.0
-8.8
-8.4
-7.5
0.7
-25.4
2014
-3.7
-4.0
2.7
-15.2
7.9
-10.7
-9.5
-4.2
-9.0
-5.2
-9.3
-7.8
-6.3
-3.1
-8.4
-19.6
-0.8
-9.9
0.2
-8.6
6.7
-10.7
-9.2
-26.2
-0.5
-7.5
-3.4
-36.5
-23.3
-2.3
-23.8
-6.2
-13.1
-8.2
-6.0
-39.2
-4.0
-20.3
2.6
-11.8
-17.0
-9.3
-12.3
-35.6
:
-5.8
7.7
-8.4
2.4
-11.1
-5.9
-7.9
-5.2
0.0
-23.1
86
8
Table 8.1.b: Balance of payments - current account balance (% of GDP)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2006
-1.2
1.9
-17.6
-2.1
3.2
5.7
-15.0
-5.0
-11.6
-9.0
0.0
-6.6
-1.6
-7.0
-20.7
-10.5
10.1
-7.1
-6.6
8.0
3.3
-4.0
-10.7
-10.3
-1.8
-9.5
3.8
8.3
-2.3
-23.2
:
17.1
:
-31.4
-0.4
-6.6
-9.6
-6.1
2007
-1.2
1.9
-24.3 (b)
-4.3
1.4
6.8
-15.0
-6.1
-15.2
-9.6
-0.3
-7.2
-1.5
-11.8
-20.7
-15.0
10.1
-7.2
-1.9
6.0
3.8
-6.3
-9.7
-13.8
-4.1
-5.9
3.8
8.9
-2.5
-13.6
:
13.9
:
-39.5
-6.9
-10.5
-17.2
-5.8
2008
-2.1
-1.0
-22.4
-1.9
2.7
5.6
-8.7
-5.8
-15.1
-9.3
-1.0
-8.9
-2.9
-15.7 (b)
-12.3
-13.3
7.7
-7.0
-1.1
4.1
4.5
-6.7
-12.1
-11.8
-5.3
-6.5
2.2
8.6
-3.6
-22.8
:
17.5
:
-49.7
-12.7
-15.7
-20.9
-5.5
2009
-0.6
-1.1
-8.6
-2.3
3.3
5.7
2.5
-4.2
-12.4
-4.3
-0.8
-5.1
-1.9
-7.8
8.1
2.1
7.4
-0.8
-6.6
5.8
2.6
-4.0
-10.4
-4.8
-0.6
-3.5
1.9
5.9
-3.0
-9.9
:
13.1
:
-27.8
-6.8
-15.4
-6.2
-2.0
2010
-0.4
1.8
-0.9
-3.6
5.7
5.6
1.8
-0.8
-11.4
-3.9
-0.8
-1.2
-3.5
-10.7
2.3
-0.3
6.8
0.3
-4.7
7.4
2.9
-5.4
-10.1
-5.1
-0.1
-4.7
1.2
6.0
-2.8
-6.6
:
12.2
:
-22.9
-2.0
-11.3
-6.3
-6.3
2011
-0.2
-1.1
0.9
-2.1
5.7
6.1
1.4
-1.2
-10.0
-3.2
-1.0
-0.8
-3.1
-4.0
-2.8
-3.9
6.2
0.8
-2.4
9.1
1.6
-5.2
-6.0
-4.9
0.2
-5.0
-1.8
6.9
-1.7
-5.4
:
13.5
:
-17.7
-2.5
-13.2
-8.6
-9.7
2012
0.6
-0.1
-0.3
-1.6
5.7
6.8
-2.5
-1.6
-3.8
-0.2
-1.2
-0.2
-0.4
-5.6
-3.2
-1.2
6.0
1.8
1.3
10.9
1.5
-3.7
-2.0
-4.8
2.6
0.9
-1.9
6.6
-3.3
-4.2
:
12.4 (b)
:
-18.7
-3.0
-10.2
-10.0
-5.9
2013
1.0
-0.2
1.9
-0.5
7.2
6.4
-0.1
3.2
-2.0
1.5
-0.8
0.9
0.9
-4.4
-2.3
1.5
5.8
4.0
3.7
11.1
2.0
-1.3
1.4
-1.1
5.6
2.0
-1.7
6.7
-4.5
5.8
:
10.0
:
-14.6
-1.8
-10.8
-4.6
:
2014
0.9
0.1
1.2
0.6
7.8
7.4
1.1
3.7
-2.1
1.0
-0.9
0.8
1.9
-4.5
-1.9
3.6
5.4
2.3
2.7
10.7
2.0
-2.0
0.6
-0.5
7.0
0.1
-0.9
6.2
-5.2
3.4
:
9.4
:
-9.8
-1.3
-13.1
-6.0
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: bop_gdp6_q, bop_q_gdp, cpc_ecbop and cpc_ecnagdp)
87
8
Table 8.2.a: Balance of payments - current accounts, services balance (million EUR)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
:
-128
-4 843
-108
923
-255
-134
-365
105
-55
-1 574
-6
-1 724
-382
-1 107
128
6 572
-891
-334
119
-865
41
-10
-180
-15
846
-29
-753
-1 875
-207
-76
-288
-256
288
4 241
-284
541
-190
-9 457
-106
-8
-28
692
-35
:
-11 218
-1 790
-72
224
-65
1 966
-179
-81
-97
:
-188
-9 020
-145
548
-265
-111
-288
143
-63
-1 105
-6
-2 006
-861
-1 133
111
8 432
-1 020
175
146
-941
49
-11
-173
-12
919
-25
-662
-1 882
-242
-58
-292
-403
460
4 923
-292
451
-208
-12 517
-90
-9
-28
842
-39
:
-13 804
-1 543
-194
339
-51
1 979
-231
-118
-105
:
-306
-14 820
-111
-974
-323
-119
-809
167
-66
-1 068
-10
-1 546
-863
-1 117
114
10 137
-1 382
44
85
-981
43
-36
-231
-13
952
-189
-682
-2 563
-450
-57
-389
-424
423
4 534
-278
-333
-321
-15 268
-68
-8
-82
1 573
-43
:
-22 714
-1 350
-314
237
-52
2 206
-288
-111
-140
:
-454
-13 521
-198
-2 210
-293
-90
-382
116
-65
-665
-18
-1 438
-848
-1 088
137
9 003
-1 286
210
302
-797
41
-121
-186
-18
848
-253
-534
-3 371
-502
-63
-339
-285
450
3 858
-312
462
-457
-12 062
-131
-6
-93
2 123
-46
:
-16 840
-1 232
-290
105
-58
2 455
-263
-59
-192
:
-379
-13 364
-104
-2 251
-404
-67
-414
150
-86
-1 120
-22
-2 290
-1 709
-1 244
85
7 794
-1 548
254
386
-1 347
28
-172
-266
-22
1 136
-298
-626
-4 462
-226
-66
-478
-415
536
3 840
-473
1 083
-605
-13 878
-186
-8
-53
1 474
-70
:
-24 486
-1 651
-314
118
-59
2 654
-376
-89
-338
:
-456
-16 508
-92
-1 664
-523
-73
-89
185
-88
-1 107
-23
-2 284
-1 548
-1 421
119
5 630
-1 908
443
541
-1 371
41
-206
-383
-23
1 134
-309
-455
-3 132
-224
-64
-516
-398
569
3 830
-1 016
138
-576
-15 432
-134
-9
-89
1 735
-58
:
-24 585
:
-1 034
-304
66
-72
1 502
-471
-107
461
:
-431
-20 029
-95
-2 232
-621
-87
-390
227
-88
-1 182
-26
-2 046
-1 533
-1 417
125
4 340
-2 130
335
58
-1 505
46
-140
-638
-22
1 770
-302
-580
-5 335
-413
-98
-593
-671
753
4 154
-2 494
247
-616
-16 968
-72
-6
-156
2 444
:
:
-35 491
:
-727
-484
332
-113
2 372
-291
-116
-367
2013
:
:
:
:
:
-642
:
-402
287
:
:
:
-1 881
-1 344
:
:
5 048
:
:
346
-1 636
52
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
-738
:
363
:
:
:
-618
:
:
-9
:
2 535
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
-102
2 138
:
-118
:
2014
:
:
:
:
:
-734
:
:
221
:
:
:
-1 864
:
-2 137
:
4 392
-2
:
534
:
:
:
:
:
1 911
-20
:
-5 797
:
:
:
:
637
4 179
-2 199
430
-696
:
:
:
:
2 667
-440
:
-16 427
:
:
-404
:
76
2 735
:
:
:
88
8
Table 8.2.b: Balance of payments - current accounts, services balance (million EUR)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2006
64 832
4 484
923
2 705
4 379
-34 758
1 010
-12 311
13 990
27 064
15 280
5 783
-3 213
3 350
790
848
12 483
1 131
755
-8 138
8 379
2 037
5 661
4 151
937
987
-972
3 711
62 799
-185
:
1 457
:
166
153
-32
-41
11 138
2007
82 146
2 856
1 817 (b)
3 170
4 368
-35 031
1 113
-12 387
15 140
28 749
20 151
6 416
-8 244
3 671
1 132
596
14 282
907
1 021
-6 744
9 887
5 342
7 094
3 013
984
627
238
5 050
74 246
152
:
1 038
:
395
210
19
-261
10 182
2008
71 762
5 237
2 033
3 581
5 454
-31 607
1 448
-16 466
15 682
29 822
19 659
6 945
-10 543
3 298 (b)
1 395
583
14 987
1 310
1 287
-6 663
12 230
5 075
7 182
2 930
1 410
-339
268
4 191
60 939
221
:
170
:
371
188
69
-185
12 794
2009
69 916
7 099
1 957
3 104
1 980
-19 910
1 427
-15 828
11 505
29 541
12 728
5 793
-8 996
3 038
1 430
715
12 916
1 174
1 043
-7 424
10 870
5 016
6 288
958
1 111
-903
-102
3 750
58 202
485
:
1 272
:
401
205
174
21
13 322
2010
81 205
8 118
2 651
3 098
5 149
-27 477
1 342
-14 704
12 122
33 925
15 439
5 767
-9 153
3 145
1 301
1 122
12 710
2 643
1 212
-7 420
10 346
3 296
6 463
1 495
1 211
-651
172
5 232
63 272
659
:
-2 407
:
464
132
232
8
12 565
2011
102 374
7 248
2 900
3 309
4 160
-32 471
1 306
-9 956
13 609
42 588
24 017
6 195
-6 157
3 369
1 480
1 267
13 749
3 286
1 380
-10 022
10 661
5 164
8 011
1 657
1 406
-270
-132
7 415
77 582
625
:
-3 218
:
589
359
135
163
14 461
2012
2013
132 969
150 798
6 530
6 399
2 732
2 735
3 087
2 713
4 851
6 617
-35 905
-44 755
1 356
1 320
-8 566
-1 555
13 840
15 751
45 249
47 654
24 858
22 398
6 520
6 763
-129
692
3 297
3 135
1 623
1 773
1 389
1 357
15 024
16 249
3 797
3 993
1 455
1 645
-9 150
-5 513
10 672
10 190
6 002
7 644
9 493
11 071
2 476
4 701
1 511
1 762
421
411
-1 844
-1 447
7 748
9 278
89 541
95 397
602
889
:
:
-4 724 (b)
-5 394
:
:
612
653
309
361
213
155
156
334
18 845
17 679
2014
155 654
5 193
2 530
2 031
7 960
-39 966
1 680
-8 828
18 271
48 468
17 830
7 222
-559
2 933
1 746
1 638
17 222
5 109
1 643
-3 713
10 511
8 575
11 478
5 866
1 736
85
-1 820
6 943
110 742
872
:
-5 057
:
690
358
268
465
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: bop_c6_q, bop_q_c, bop_eu6_q and cpc_ecbop)
89
8
Table 8.3.a: Balance of payments - current accounts, trade balance (% of GDP)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
9.0
29.1
51.1
-10.5
16.9
-8.0
-20.5
3.7
-41.7
-3.0
31.6
-21.7
52.6
0.4
17.9
-43.8
-11.2
72.6
-29.2
-23.7
47.1
-20.8
-24.1
2.6
-9.1
-14.5
-48.4
-46.3
49.6
-10.2
-24.0
1.2
7.4
-16.7
-15.0
-7.8
2.7
-6.6
23.9
-10.0
-41.0
-17.1
-28.5
-6.6
:
-1.7
-3.5
-8.5
-13.6
-15.0
-7.3
-8.4
12.2
-7.8
2007
7.5
25.2
50.8
-14.4
13.9
-8.8
-24.7
3.6
-49.6
-4.2
26.2
-24.1
39.7
13.0
8.9
-50.1
-12.5
68.7
-24.2
-20.5
47.0
-20.8
-15.7
-0.3
-41.1
-15.7
-50.6
-39.3
39.2
-13.6
-24.7
-4.1
0.8
-18.0
-18.7
-8.4
-2.3
-5.9
23.0
-11.3
-41.8
-22.0
-41.0
-5.7
:
-2.0
2.5
-3.3
-15.7
-16.2
-7.4
-7.3
7.8
-5.2
2008
7.9
23.8
51.0
-13.7
3.9
-10.7
-16.5
-0.8
-42.5
-7.7
20.1
-32.4
52.8
14.3
-1.1
-51.4
-14.2
52.1
-22.0
-21.2
51.8
-21.4
-17.9
-0.6
-8.2
-18.5
-39.4
-41.3
46.9
-20.2
-18.3
-7.3
-3.5
-20.6
-21.5
-11.6
-0.8
-8.2
21.6
-15.9
-46.0
-25.4
-38.9
-8.0
:
-1.6
7.8
-0.3
-16.4
-14.3
-8.9
-11.2
2.8
-18.6
2009
0.4
5.6
24.2
-11.3
-7.5
-5.8
-15.8
-4.6
-39.5
-7.2
0.8
-30.1
45.2
18.4
-5.2
-35.6
-13.4
23.9
-19.9
-22.4
35.8
-22.3
-8.6
-0.2
-9.8
-18.7
-48.9
-36.5
23.7
-19.5
-7.8
-2.4
-3.6
-17.5
-17.9
-13.3
-9.7
-14.9
14.4
-14.5
-37.9
-15.9
-35.4
-7.8
:
0.1
-1.2
-3.8
-13.4
-13.0
-8.5
-9.1
7.1
-29.4
2010
2.7
11.2
39.7
-9.5
-6.8
-1.4
-31.1
-0.9
-40.1
-9.5
6.9
-28.5
49.4
12.1
4.7
-26.1
-11.7
24.8
-19.6
-24.8
34.7
-22.5
-9.2
0.6
-8.3
-17.3
-48.8
-35.8
32.2
-12.6
-12.3
-9.8
3.2
-19.5
-16.4
-9.4
-4.8
-11.3
8.3
-13.4
-42.4
-14.9
-39.4
-17.5
:
1.8
3.5
-3.8
-10.5
-14.2
-10.4
-11.3
13.3
-19.6
2011
2.9
14.0
42.5
-7.1
-4.8
0.0
-31.2
-2.2
-45.1
-5.7
10.9
-28.6
47.9
23.5
2.8
-33.7
-11.7
34.4
-10.3
-18.1
36.9
-23.9
-7.7
-9.4
-0.2
-22.0
-43.2
-40.5
22.7
-10.1
-8.6
-3.1
5.5
-20.9
-19.5
-19.8
-9.9
-14.5
7.6
-17.2
-42.2
-17.5
-41.1
-42.5
:
1.6
56.1
3.9
-1.1
-12.6
-22.4
-10.5
-11.4
9.3
-28.7
2012
1.8
9.7
37.4
-12.3
-13.3
-1.3
-32.8
-1.0
-40.2
-6.0
7.5
-33.4
44.6
12.7
-0.2
-39.3
-13.1
38.6
-4.6
-18.6
35.8
-28.0
-10.0
-11.2
-4.7
-20.4
-46.5
-33.9
43.3
-11.1
-11.7
1.1
-11.0
-21.5
-21.0
-27.7
-12.5
-6.5
9.2
-19.1
-36.5
-20.5
-41.4
-21.0
:
-1.2
-19.1
-5.0
1.9
-13.2
-21.2
-13.6
-9.6
5.8
-23.4
2013
0.5
4.5
29.2
-18.4
1.6
-3.1
-29.5
-1.1
-34.2
-8.4
6.1
-32.3
35.4
10.8
-0.2
-41.2
-13.0
34.9
-5.5
-18.0
34.6
-25.3
-7.9
-9.1
-3.5
-19.4
-48.3
-30.3
27.2
-7.8
-10.5
-3.3
-7.8
-19.0
-19.6
-26.5
-15.0
-5.0
8.5
-15.3
-37.1
-21.0
-30.1
7.4
:
-2.1
15.8
-6.2
7.0
-12.4
-22.6
-12.8
-8.7
5.4
-25.1
2014
-1.3
2.3
26.4
-12.8
-4.1
-4.1
-28.1
-1.1
-32.6
-18.4
7.4
-30.0
31.9
9.9
3.4
-49.9
-12.4
35.5
-5.5
-17.6
33.8
-22.9
-5.0
-8.7
-2.7
-17.0
-58.6
-37.2
-13.7
-7.6
-8.0
-7.7
-4.2
-18.5
-18.2
-30.7
-19.2
-13.8
7.4
-19.8
-37.2
-22.4
-37.5
6.6
:
-2.7
14.0
-3.9
5.7
-12.7
-25.3
-13.6
-9.7
6.7
-31.7
90
8
Table 8.3.b: Balance of payments - current accounts, trade balance (% of GDP)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2006
-1.4
0.8
-21.0
0.7
2.0
6.8
-17.6
14.8
-16.3
-8.6
-1.2
-21.1
-0.7
-27.2
-24.3
-13.7
-8.8
-2.3
-15.8
9.5
1.0
-2.9
-11.6
-16.2
-2.9
-6.3
4.8
6.5
-5.6
-15.7
:
17.3
:
-45.0
-20.6
-23.1
-20.4
-7.8
2007
-1.3
0.9
-24.7 (b)
0.3
1.0
8.0
-15.7
14.6
-18.4
-8.6
-1.7
-21.8
0.1
-29.8
-22.8
-15.1
-7.6
-0.4
-16.0
9.7
1.4
-5.2
-11.4
-16.8
-4.0
-1.8
4.8
5.5
-6.1
-9.7
:
14.7
:
-57.6
-22.2
-26.9
-24.0
-7.2
2008
-1.7
-2.8
-25.6
-0.1
1.0
7.2
-12.7
17.5
-17.8
-7.8
-2.4
-22.4
-0.2
-30.5 (b)
-17.2
-13.4
-7.9
-0.8
-20.3
9.4
0.5
-6.5
-13.4
-15.4
-5.6
-1.9
3.6
5.3
-6.3
-4.3
:
18.7
:
-65.6
-28.6
-27.6 (b)
-25.2
-7.2
2009
-0.7
-1.0
-13.4
1.7
3.5
5.7
-5.1
23.0
-14.0
-3.8
-1.9
-16.5
0.0
-21.9
-8.1
-4.3
-4.5
2.8
-18.2
8.7
-0.2
-2.4
-10.3
-7.5
-1.2
0.4
2.3
4.3
-5.8
3.5
:
14.3
:
-44.3
-25.8
-26.6
-16.1
-4.0
2010
-0.9
-0.9
-9.6
1.0
4.0
6.3
-2.7
25.0
-13.5
-4.4
-2.4
-13.2
-1.4
-23.1
-8.3
-5.9
-4.0
2.7
-19.0
9.5
-0.5
-3.0
-10.7
-7.6
-2.1
-0.1
1.3
3.9
-6.2
4.0
:
13.8
:
-40.8
-21.6
-23.2
-15.4
-7.8
2011
-0.9
-2.6
-6.6
1.9
3.9
6.1
-2.1
24.1
-12.7
-4.1
-3.1
-14.3
-1.1
-20.4
-12.1
-6.6
-5.0
2.9
-17.5
10.1
-1.2
-3.5
-8.2
-7.0
-2.6
-0.1
-0.8
3.6
-5.8
2.1
:
14.5
:
-40.4
-25.3
-24.2
-15.9
-11.5
2012
-0.3
-2.5
-9.6
3.1
3.5
7.1
-6.7
22.3
-10.8
-2.8
-2.6
-14.3
1.0
-18.1
-11.5
-3.3
-3.4
3.0
-15.4
11.1
-1.0
-2.1
-5.5
-6.9
-0.2
3.5
-0.2
3.7
-6.4
0.7
:
14.1 (b)
:
-44.1
-26.5
-20.9
-17.3
-8.4
2013
0.3
-1.6
-7.0
4.1
3.5
7.4
-4.8
20.7
-11.4
-1.4
-2.0
-15.1
2.2
-16.2
-10.9
-2.6
-2.1
3.4
-14.7
12.0
-0.3
-0.1
-4.7
-4.0
2.0
4.1
0.1
3.6
-6.7
0.4
:
11.6
:
-39.9
-22.9
-19.7
-11.6
-9.7
2014
0.3
-1.0
-6.5
5.6
3.1
7.9
-5.1
23.5
-12.4
-2.1
-1.6
-14.7
3.0
-16.1
-9.5
-2.6
-0.7
2.5
-14.0
12.1
0.5
-0.8
-5.4
-4.2
3.2
3.8
0.6
3.1
-6.9
-0.5
:
10.1
:
-25.6
-21.8
-21.5
-12.4
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: bop_gdp6_q, bop_q_gdp, cpc_ecbop and cpc_ecnagdp)
91
8
Table 8.4.a: Foreign direct investment - inward flows (EUR per capita)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2007
39.6
35.9
-37.4
23.1
188.2
16.7
0.0
7.6
288.9
10.0
-4.9
8.3
447.3
21.8
16.8
170.7
110.4
1 415.3
-0.0
2.1
138.7
35.2
27.6
30.2
9.6
14.3
33.6
27.8
468.8
29.9
5.0
3.8
31.8
194.9
66.3
14.4
249.0
6.8
30.4
6.2
167.8
19.0
2 057.8
12.9
11.8
85.5
44.1
24.3
10.4
6.4
117.0
19.2
80.5
4.0
2008
40.2
51.0
63.0
13.8
183.0
10.4
0.3
-0.9
290.6
18.6
14.9
4.5
445.9
18.7
15.9
181.2
82.1
-811.9
-0.0
0.9
97.6
29.0
35.5
27.1
2.8
1.7
17.7
52.5
350.3
40.5
3.4
8.4
70.5
202.0
53.8
17.9
221.7
16.0
37.1
7.0
335.2
22.9
1 011.4
7.0
6.6
123.7
42.5
62.3
20.0
2.8
182.3
15.8
51.4
2.8
2009
38.0
56.6
85.6
11.2
351.8
4.5
0.0
25.1
174.9
20.1
72.8
13.9
340.1
7.4
14.0
82.3
60.6
1 729.8
0.0
2.0
16.0
17.0
50.9
10.4
8.5
2.1
16.1
40.9
380.6
38.1
2.7
36.1
-0.7
138.2
44.4
28.1
177.2
38.0
40.3
8.3
68.7
19.0
976.8
9.3
8.5
77.7
30.8
40.5
15.8
5.9
117.3
18.7
39.3
6.1
2010
34.4
46.8
-124.4
14.0
52.1
1.7
0.1
19.7
244.7
10.7
20.1
9.2
405.3
35.6
13.5
24.2
61.7
2 960.5
11.9
2.5
241.7
16.7
78.5
7.0
15.8
3.3
19.2
85.7
238.2
28.9
4.9
21.9
27.3
263.4
37.5
32.0
274.4
44.6
28.8
2.9
214.0
15.5
1 742.4
31.2
8.8
53.3
61.2
85.7
30.4
10.3
107.2
12.1
98.6
9.6
2011
32.5
48.8
-107.1
11.8
393.1
6.4
0.3
22.0
223.2
5.9
16.7
23.6
516.8
18.9
11.1
65.8
-4.3
1 971.1
4.7
5.0
312.0
14.8
92.8
61.2
11.0
5.7
18.7
89.0
:
26.7
6.0
27.6
113.6
250.8
57.2
77.4
262.9
46.1
38.8
6.8
125.6
18.1
1 614.1
115.8
7.4
58.4
:
52.8
55.0
19.0
80.3
76.3
18.2
58.1
20.7
2012
39.7
30.3
-257.7
21.8
57.1
15.6
0.0
18.8
90.2
12.2
21.4
11.2
494.5
39.2
12.6
99.5
66.3
2 128.3
5.2
2.4
331.5
11.0
101.0
41.2
3.1
4.7
19.0
182.7
180.1
28.3
6.3
20.8
283.4
369.5
65.2
173.7
296.5
38.1
32.8
10.8
93.0
15.6
1 395.4
71.3
8.2
67.7
:
52.0
56.7
29.3
11.0
114.6
25.8
95.7
22.6
2013
38.9
32.5
-150.5
23.4
70.3
16.7
0.5
19.4
28.3
0.1
31.7
14.3
345.7
23.4
13.8
247.1
51.0
1 907.2
5.2
7.6
386.3
10.3
94.0
1.6
6.4
8.7
16.0
186.4
85.4
27.6
5.5
20.2
223.8
156.8
76.8
173.3
229.0
26.7
24.4
7.1
117.3
15.9
1 443.1
71.7
7.7
117.0
:
61.5
40.4
28.7
9.3
75.2
23.0
94.0
21.3
92
8
Table 8.4.b: Foreign direct investment - inward flows (EUR per capita)(1)
2007
EU-28
Belgium(3)
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus(3)
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary(3)
Malta
Netherlands(3)
Austria(3)
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
:
6 449
1 195
744
1 585
712
1 478
4 159
139
1 048
1 105
843
504
2 145
771
453
293 255
287
1 812
5 332
2 748
452
212
343
651
487
1 724
2 313
2 229
16 280
:
1 081
3 156
924
248
156
246
209
2008
364
12 413
895
427
228
67
883
-2 520
275
1 151
685
753
-126
1 243
393
417
149 531
431
1 574
189
564
264
302
460
662 (b)
596
-147
2 754
997
1 778
:
1 502
1 361
946
200
206
248
163 (b)
2009
547
2 385
326
202
515
197
991
4 094
157
162
271
562
245
3 136
31
-3
298 045
144
698
1 686
803
258 (b)
184
171
-233
-1
97
781
886
150
:
2 012
2 703
1 728
67
235
187
69
2010
446 (b)
3 565
155
443
-1 575
530
906
7 104
22
648
393
66
117
706
134
192
333 874
166
1 696
-334
76
275
189
109
133
248
921
11
599
582
:
3 681
2 789
892 (b)
77
270
118
79
2011
842 (b)
4 343 (b)
180
159
1 700
522
178
3 705
74
413
372
250
416
2 042
502
341
579 597
421
439
860
912
390
759
90
350
466
341
987
528
2 500
:
:
2 592 (b)
891
164
209
252 (b)
131
2012
613 (b)
1 362
156
592
-2 286
126
793
7 678
122
450
189 (b)
247
1
1 136
426
181
599 280 (b)
1 079 (b)
25 873
542
383
124
664
106
-28
429
512
1 341
688
2 647
:
:
1 564
744
38
223
34
87
2013(2)
1 032 (b)
1 468 (b)
171 (b)
357 (b)
-157 (b)
96 (b)
336 (b)
6 075 (b)
193 (b)
:
193 (b)
:
316 (b)
3 042 (b)
:
119 (b)
622 986 (b)
-245 (b)
21 681 (b)
15 733 (b)
:
58 (b)
64 (b)
135 (b)
-52 (b)
:
-905 (b)
191 (b)
:
967 (b)
:
:
:
522
123
318
107
95
(1) Negative values for FDI denote disinvestment.
(2) From 2013, the investment flows are defined in accordance with the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition (BPM6).
(3) Up to 2012: differing definition (see metadata associated with dataset bop_fdi_main)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: bop_fdi_main, bop_fdi6_flow, cpc_ecbop, demo_pjan and cpc_psdemo)
93
8
Table 8.5.a: External trade - exports (million EUR)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
310 584
43 926
25 567
178
3 516
469
47
2 421
76
126
2 711
8
5 216
2 233
6 489
162
11 009
5 985
10
:
4 228
83
17 212
829
65
2 744
83
127
26 270
1 695
438
1 213
1 094
1 898
9 501
1 911
2 709
265
47 772
118
10
1 270
337
184
229
52 820
4 345
1 330
1 399
502
12 484
958
3 039
1 274
2007
332 860
44 430
32 558
199
3 790
455
43
2 624
59
130
2 664
10
4 586
2 695
5 879
150
11 856
6 173
11
1 322
4 916
92
16 091
882
103
2 975
64
153
28 605
1 847
523
1 045
1 063
1 622
11 058
1 769
2 963
362
48 906
130
5
1 223
292
179
254
56 054
6 550
1 274
1 484
494
14 234
1 369
3 381
1 262
2008
392 459
53 227
43 293
287
3 272
473
47
2 582
78
101
2 838
4
6 269
4 425
6 708
164
17 777
9 868
9
1 607
5 939
86
14 487
960
117
3 419
62
172
34 522
1 941
596
1 314
1 186
1 630
13 718
1 797
3 203
514
59 192
181
5
1 506
296
146
281
58 333
7 986
1 099
2 108
353
16 011
1 715
3 407
1 147
2009
294 315
32 534
29 399
304
2 442
584
49
2 413
67
93
2 082
11
5 879
4 146
7 389
153
17 421
5 824
14
1 652
4 902
192
8 754
756
111
3 185
66
115
21 318
1 545
850
1 283
980
1 383
10 036
1 546
3 784
499
41 079
169
7
1 509
310
169
304
47 915
5 174
1 129
2 059
407
14 019
1 704
3 024
1 577
2010
388 313
43 036
38 141
342
3 533
991
76
2 933
42
109
2 799
16
8 195
6 665
7 719
197
20 606
6 327
17
2 489
5 041
263
11 780
1 109
128
3 881
69
151
29 076
1 693
797
1 508
1 561
1 697
13 409
1 759
3 983
612
58 131
176
8
1 634
303
257
339
64 605
8 332
1 348
2 835
423
17 730
1 618
5 409
2 415
2011
416 764
52 079
48 098
256
4 615
1 693
114
3 253
62
145
3 244
18
9 937
7 354
7 976
215
22 568
8 334
19
2 614
5 904
83
9 655
1 144
213
4 149
85
553
11 639
2 132
1 026
1 726
2 003
1 831
15 560
2 228
3 834
696
70 194
299
8
1 829
314
427
372
66 437
:
6 169
1 384
3 168
505
17 930
1 797
6 364
2 513
2012
435 729
55 743
55 243
357
4 963
1 694
131
3 327
51
152
3 337
15
8 991
6 757
8 443
229
23 799
11 005
36
3 142
5 486
145
:
1 496
120
4 774
73
645
13 151
2 563
989
2 044
2 053
2 070
16 670
2 996
4 258
994
75 043
395
12
1 854
386
839
396
67 380
:
2 224
1 504
3 979
702
20 629
2 184
7 279
2 982
2013
2014
:
48 563
52 838
437
5 151
1 772
100
3 401
63
137
4 856
8
8 753
:
10 340
227
21 882
9 507
35
3 050
5 610
91
:
1 630
150
4 386
:
410
:
:
900
2 091
2 007
2 163
16 558
3 110
4 087
1 041
93 921
362
10
1 840
436
1 422
:
60 355
:
2 423
1 439
3 449
787
20 896
2 147
8 189
2 577
:
:
:
712
5 819
1 871
:
3 899
:
:
:
9
:
:
:
:
20 066
:
45
4 015
5 650
:
:
:
185
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2 372
:
3 544
3 312
803
93 885
:
12
:
404
1 350
:
:
:
:
:
:
1 020
21 304
:
:
2 257
94
8
Table 8.5.b: External trade - exports (million EUR)
2006
EU-28
1 152 357
Belgium
292 087
Bulgaria
11 748
Czech Republic
75 604
Denmark
73 716
Germany
882 532
Estonia
7 719
Ireland
86 593
Greece
17 273
Spain
170 211
France
394 925
Croatia
8 252
Italy
332 013
Cyprus
1 062
Latvia
4 902
Lithuania
11 263
Luxembourg
18 337
Hungary
59 936
Malta
2 226
Netherlands
369 249
Austria
108 913
Poland
88 229
Portugal
35 640
Romania
25 850
Slovenia
18 501
Slovakia
33 340
Finland
61 489
Sweden
117 707
United Kingdom
359 117
Iceland
2 758
Liechtenstein
:
Norway
97 331
Switzerland
117 506
Montenegro
441
FYR of Macedonia
1 918
Albania
182
Serbia
4 992
Turkey
68 020
2007
1 234 321
314 449
13 512
89 382
75 280
964 038
8 034
88 686
19 392
184 821
408 327
9 004
364 744
1 017
6 062
12 509
16 734
69 610
2 508
401 901
119 387
102 259
38 294
29 543
21 964
42 696
65 688
123 179
322 387
3 479
:
99 265
125 535
455
2 446
265
6 615
78 126
2008
1 309 147
320 805
15 204
99 809
79 496
983 255
8 470
85 477
21 319
191 388
418 983
9 585
369 016
1 110
6 897
16 077
17 470
73 772
2 367
433 722
123 259
115 895
38 847
33 679
23 204
48 370
65 580
124 645
321 028
3 650
2 678
116 348
133 418
416
2 698
703
5 157
89 557
2009
1 093 961
265 986
11 699
80 983
67 382
803 012
6 487
83 114
17 674
162 990
348 035
7 516
291 733
901
5 522
11 797
15 299
59 513
2 049
356 962
98 214
97 865
31 697
29 085
18 768
40 208
45 063
93 763
254 704
2 908
2 038
90 605
122 108
277
1 925
780
4 094
73 284
2010
1 353 195
307 530
15 561
100 311
72 747
949 629
8 743
87 875
21 083
191 912
395 087
8 905
337 407
1 058
7 191
15 651
14 897
72 024
2 705
433 168
115 079
120 483
37 268
37 398
22 026
48 777
52 439
119 597
313 766
3 478
2 413
98 432
155 685
330
2 535
1 169
7 067
85 298
2011
1 554 252
341 718
20 265
117 054
80 362
1 058 897
12 003
90 330
24 353
220 223
428 501
9 582
375 904
1 306
9 433
20 151
14 990
80 684
3 151
479 239
127 462
135 558
42 828
45 284
24 968
57 349
56 855
134 313
363 915
3 839
2 698
115 313
166 076
454
3 215
1 400
8 058
96 973
2012
1 684 193
347 089
20 770
122 230
82 090
1 093 630
12 518
90 888
27 593
229 802
442 643
9 629
390 182
1 354
10 983
23 048
14 659
80 612
3 308
510 098
129 679
144 282
45 259
45 020
25 033
62 742
56 878
134 387
367 990
3 928
2 811
125 066
240 229
367
3 124
1 531
8 251
118 644
2013
1 736 577
352 943
22 271
122 184
82 901
1 093 123
12 294
86 100
27 559
238 400
437 383
9 531
390 215
1 520
10 893
24 545
13 880
80 941
2 738
505 606
131 882
154 342
47 259
49 570
25 614
64 565
56 046
126 147
407 325
3 762
2 752
116 204
267 044
376
3 235
1 761
10 413
114 533
2014
1 702 888
354 824
22 054
130 879
83 609
1 134 809
12 090
88 497
27 157
244 534
438 532
10 281
397 996
1 359
10 967
24 401
14 424
83 398
2 118
505 929
133 956
163 068
48 177
52 494
27 191
65 156
55 926
123 735
380 761
3 792
2 843
107 460
231 949
333
3 723
1 827
10 561
118 736
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ext_lt_intertrd, ext_lt_intercc )
95
8
Table 8.6.a: External trade - imports (million EUR)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
254 794
17 217
6 426
803
1 571
1 051
344
3 929
431
161
1 441
8
1 579
2 335
4 637
712
16 525
1 304
294
4 253
5 233
208
14 528
855
:
5 831
129
374
4 863
2 988
964
1 451
859
2 961
19 092
2 126
2 246
685
18 478
475
74
2 882
686
317
636
64 958
6 993
1 532
3 632
971
16 051
2 117
2 507
2 068
2007
283 820
20 263
8 137
1 192
2 131
1 094
236
5 247
543
182
1 626
10
2 874
2 389
4 875
824
19 825
992
244
4 242
6 622
234
13 950
924
172
6 556
129
388
4 966
3 321
820
1 597
1 037
2 817
23 313
2 062
2 952
692
23 023
498
48
3 450
511
328
650
66 389
6 995
1 347
4 341
783
17 921
2 605
2 930
2 524
2008
330 104
26 738
11 495
1 169
2 583
1 331
274
4 317
565
205
1 798
4
2 414
2 909
5 378
956
35 746
1 176
215
5 836
7 624
220
13 290
1 008
194
7 644
91
575
6 183
4 425
1 344
2 270
1 313
3 169
28 719
2 468
3 176
833
30 231
795
63
4 332
738
361
603
59 332
8 389
1 106
4 796
805
20 484
3 119
3 375
1 918
2009
312 514
28 269
17 025
1 115
2 745
1 489
287
3 161
510
195
2 041
11
3 204
2 846
5 000
944
32 346
1 462
280
5 754
7 429
218
10 363
816
208
7 277
115
405
7 220
4 457
1 293
1 790
960
2 657
23 442
2 464
4 663
1 156
25 083
942
61
3 371
573
378
540
54 471
5 714
1 285
4 703
841
18 634
3 125
2 705
4 470
2010
385 860
30 908
13 677
1 609
3 256
1 627
381
4 367
663
230
2 523
16
3 079
8 047
5 917
1 174
39 970
1 879
330
6 598
8 366
222
12 328
1 203
226
9 123
130
542
7 888
3 999
1 630
2 587
1 300
3 292
26 709
2 648
4 899
1 717
38 524
945
73
3 502
742
584
709
72 557
8 781
1 460
6 040
913
23 985
3 566
3 999
4 421
2011
430 721
33 742
14 455
1 489
3 924
1 851
647
4 359
872
273
2 323
18
4 815
8 502
4 839
1 410
44 505
1 740
379
6 823
10 842
:
13 943
1 315
245
10 682
147
746
3 555
1 005
1 757
2 412
1 246
3 679
31 811
3 835
4 733
1 352
48 431
972
83
4 074
719
1 228
629
87 476
:
6 630
1 416
7 992
1 266
24 077
4 062
5 256
6 143
2012
429 586
39 140
18 429
1 799
5 108
2 664
543
4 190
684
332
2 325
15
5 803
8 153
7 603
1 794
56 313
1 786
474
11 080
10 292
:
:
1 841
198
12 671
152
873
4 987
1 454
2 162
2 698
1 907
4 185
34 889
6 141
5 688
1 311
28 135
1 279
93
4 580
793
1 245
:
78 957
:
4 989
1 443
:
1 297
29 705
4 737
6 836
5 815
2013
2014
:
41 421
16 808
2 205
5 157
3 136
350
5 008
659
198
1 626
8
6 341
:
9 567
1 690
49 922
2 247
491
11 156
10 802
:
:
4 910
208
12 342
:
913
:
:
2 133
2 879
2 304
3 873
34 062
6 396
5 540
1 317
34 038
1 876
97
4 564
813
1 342
:
71 526
:
3 624
1 286
:
1 472
29 804
4 426
7 863
5 812
:
:
:
2 685
5 741
2 534
:
5 713
:
:
:
9
:
:
:
:
53 387
:
607
15 530
10 074
:
:
:
229
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
3 991
:
6 560
5 650
1 631
34 657
:
97
:
811
1 158
:
:
:
:
:
:
1 304
:
:
:
4 785
96
8
Table 8.6.b: External trade - imports (million EUR)
2006
EU-28
1 364 591
Belgium
280 053
Bulgaria
15 424
Czech Republic
74 220
Denmark
68 100
Germany
722 112
Estonia
10 711
Ireland
58 233
Greece
52 847
Spain
261 784
France
431 602
Croatia
17 105
Italy
352 465
Cyprus
5 518
Latvia
9 191
Lithuania
15 429
Luxembourg
21 611
Hungary
62 331
Malta
3 430
Netherlands
331 979
Austria
109 280
Poland
101 138
Portugal
56 295
Romania
40 746
Slovenia
19 227
Slovakia
35 828
Finland
55 253
Sweden
101 583
United Kingdom
487 951
Iceland
4 788
Liechtenstein
:
Norway
51 129
Switzerland
112 655
Montenegro
1 457
FYR of Macedonia
2 980
Albania
2 431
Serbia
10 463
Turkey
111 096
2007
1 446 811
300 298
21 862
86 224
71 526
769 779
11 439
61 162
60 130
284 058
460 315
18 833
373 340
6 286
11 180
17 813
20 452
69 730
3 503
359 443
118 962
120 912
59 927
51 305
23 027
44 229
59 616
111 803
465 715
4 881
:
58 478
117 600
2 073
3 795
3 046
13 501
123 959
2008
1 585 231
317 043
25 094
96 572
74 356
805 730
10 896
57 088
64 857
286 105
487 350
20 817
382 050
7 237
10 975
21 144
21 864
74 069
3 604
394 980
125 301
141 966
64 194
57 148
25 180
50 253
62 402
114 565
447 228
4 167
1 551
61 368
122 918
2 530
4 587
3 796
14 316
136 441
2009
1 235 636
254 367
16 876
75 314
59 602
664 143
7 270
44 955
52 087
210 222
404 098
15 218
297 609
5 617
7 034
13 123
18 160
55 750
3 210
317 718
102 569
107 155
51 379
38 948
19 004
39 898
43 655
85 945
372 581
2 583
1 272
53 824
110 669
1 654
3 616
3 259
10 386
100 764
2010
1 532 089
295 072
19 245
95 536
62 648
795 666
9 268
45 467
50 474
246 674
460 941
15 137
367 390
6 464
8 819
17 653
18 928
66 514
3 818
389 537
119 944
134 306
58 647
46 850
22 700
49 050
51 899
112 352
445 874
2 959
1 365
58 402
140 513
1 657
4 137
3 328
12 475
138 720
2011
1 728 314
335 447
23 407
109 285
68 724
901 487
12 543
47 849
48 415
270 550
517 262
16 281
401 428
6 234
11 703
22 826
20 733
73 592
4 520
430 341
137 513
151 291
59 229
54 943
25 522
57 358
60 535
127 174
486 446
3 477
1 593
65 263
148 043
1 823
5 053
3 867
13 706
173 099
2012
1 795 886
341 787
25 460
110 066
71 548
905 378
13 848
48 855
49 293
262 561
524 918
16 214
380 292
5 678
13 409
24 882
21 437
74 078
5 135
456 824
138 942
154 934
56 166
54 645
24 934
60 241
59 517
127 649
537 487
3 716
1 543
67 935
228 717
1 821
5 071
3 797
13 522
184 087
2013
1 685 013
340 039
25 829
108 621
72 725
897 185
13 889
49 584
46 808
256 425
513 088
16 581
361 002
4 754
13 451
26 208
20 087
75 379
4 606
444 014
138 000
156 319
56 906
55 280
25 129
61 543
58 407
120 931
493 807
3 599
1 548
67 617
240 833
1 773
4 983
3 699
13 345
189 783
2014
1 680 505
340 594
26 182
114 762
74 745
915 058
13 745
53 421
47 773
269 852
510 126
16 869
355 115
5 075
13 304
26 531
20 052
78 975
4 883
442 294
136 885
165 508
58 854
58 542
25 656
61 837
57 674
122 408
514 851
4 043
1 674
67 154
204 250
1 784
5 485
3 941
13 512
182 364
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ext_lt_intertrd, ext_lt_intercc and cpc_etmain)
97
8
Table 8.7.a: Revenue from Official development assistance (EUR per capita)
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2006
35.9
5.8
7.7
40.7
29.0
49.5
46.3
76.8
232.3
26.2
23.0
38.7
57.1
29.8
10.8
112.3
9.6
33.6
21.7
21.5
16.7
38.9
45.0
14.8
50.0
20.8
27.2
63.1
5.1
34.0
44.0
51.1
57.8
12.2
28.8
61.8
57.5
32.5
64.0
51.3
118.7
62.1
129.8
57.3
37.2
11.9
41.8
25.0
37.9
11.6
34.6
43.3
100.2
17.8
2007
27.5
8.5
10.4
42.9
41.0
46.3
45.6
77.0
250.8
31.2
25.4
48.6
23.3
16.4
6.7
98.4
10.8
35.7
24.2
24.1
26.3
44.8
37.6
17.8
63.0
26.0
44.8
147.9
2.4
34.5
40.1
53.3
79.3
39.6
28.9
59.7
73.9
28.6
9.8
54.6
238.1
55.6
95.2
73.6
33.1
12.1
38.5
32.8
50.4
15.9
23.3
42.0
61.3
28.1
2008
28.0
6.4
13.8
52.0
249.6
43.7
44.5
19.8
308.2
41.1
26.8
40.5
85.6
19.1
22.3
111.5
15.1
32.8
19.6
28.4
29.0
38.9
38.1
23.3
62.3
24.1
45.8
231.6
8.2
29.2
44.7
45.2
92.9
57.9
31.4
60.6
64.7
28.7
5.8
63.2
200.6
61.4
97.5
45.6
58.1
15.5
42.0
41.2
37.4
38.7
24.8
35.5
61.1
33.3
2009
30.4
6.6
9.3
57.1
101.4
48.8
49.5
24.3
286.5
40.4
36.9
50.8
51.8
26.4
89.4
137.7
9.0
33.3
20.3
33.9
37.6
54.6
47.8
15.8
71.1
32.4
41.0
96.2
4.7
15.9
38.5
47.5
79.6
86.4
21.2
63.4
104.5
22.6
7.7
65.2
135.2
60.4
187.7
56.2
52.2
15.6
39.9
34.5
48.5
60.8
34.9
39.7
71.7
42.5
2010
31.5
4.0
9.2
54.6
59.8
51.5
51.4
19.8
506.9
45.2
31.3
74.2
240.5
42.3
33.6
119.5
5.8
91.7
21.1
30.5
50.4
53.9
52.6
15.1
59.6
30.0
96.2
269.9
1.1
16.8
51.4
58.7
78.2
76.7
23.6
61.4
88.7
35.3
9.7
71.8
208.5
54.0
463.2
61.2
38.9
15.1
43.9
57.8
49.6
48.3
39.0
38.2
52.2
42.2
2011
31.6
3.6
6.9
50.4
43.2
44.5
43.1
20.7
367.3
43.3
27.2
52.9
43.9
61.9
52.9
119.6
3.7
24.3
15.6
28.3
32.5
55.6
52.1
13.1
52.7
42.2
93.2
134.0
75.2
14.6
37.0
63.5
73.8
107.2
32.4
60.6
93.6
28.1
7.7
81.0
282.4
56.8
172.0
51.8
79.0
19.3
74.9
21.6
73.6
37.7
59.9
61.2
32.1
54.2
38.3
2012
33.1
2.9
9.1
39.6
28.7
54.7
41.3
21.4
387.2
39.1
29.9
74.4
24.9
33.8
103.3
132.6
17.4
15.0
17.0
27.6
34.9
60.3
55.4
23.1
36.9
47.8
107.2
106.0
11.0
13.2
57.4
52.4
83.6
111.6
35.4
64.7
91.2
40.9
8.8
59.7
201.7
61.2
299.7
57.6
76.2
15.8
113.2
20.4
55.7
46.1
28.3
72.7
35.4
52.9
56.7
2013
34.9
4.0
10.1
47.7
40.5
46.3
40.5
25.0
368.0
30.9
23.5
84.1
25.5
28.7
46.9
132.2
50.6
5.7
10.0
30.7
41.0
45.2
38.7
32.1
45.9
55.0
116.4
93.8
15.7
16.4
51.9
68.6
56.5
89.9
44.9
67.6
85.7
32.7
11.0
69.2
202.3
52.5
206.4
54.9
71.3
18.5
96.7
23.1
70.0
52.5
24.4
49.0
34.0
59.3
43.2
98
8
Table 8.7.b: Disbursements for official development assistance to Africa (EUR per capita)
EU-28
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
FYR of Macedonia
Albania
Serbia
Turkey
2006
33.9
64.8
:
0.6
112.7
33.7
0.1
74.2
1.2
8.7
65.5
:
15.0
0.7
:
0.0
177.1
0.0
:
65.9
53.6
2.0
9.5
:
:
2.4
29.2
78.6
72.3
28.6
:
134.3
33.6
:
:
:
:
0.3
2007
22.5
46.2
:
0.5
120.6
21.5
0.0
84.5
2.0
12.5
41.0
:
4.1
0.8
0.0
0.1
202.5
1.3
:
75.2
37.1
0.1
9.8
:
:
2.6
31.8
80.5
29.6
28.7
:
143.1
30.7
:
:
:
:
0.3
2008
21.3
40.2
:
0.6
113.4
22.3
:
92.7
2.7
16.5
35.7
:
4.1
1.1
:
0.0
191.4
0.0
:
62.6
13.0
0.2
15.8
0.0
0.3 (b)
3.3
33.5
75.7
28.5
34.9
:
147.0
25.2
:
:
:
:
0.5
2009
23.1
53.3
:
0.7
115.3
18.3
:
74.3
3.0
24.6
45.8
:
5.3
1.1
:
0.0
196.0
0.1
:
53.1
12.2
0.2 (b)
11.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
42.1
71.1
32.4
29.5
:
135.6
44.1
:
:
:
:
0.5
2010
24.8 (b)
84.2
:
0.6
117.2
17.9
0.1
65.9
2.2
20.2
48.8
:
4.7
1.3
:
0.0
190.6
0.1
:
62.3
21.3
0.1
20.6
0.0
0.2
0.3
44.0
70.6
37.1
26.3
:
147.0
33.1
:
:
:
:
0.4
2011
25.2 (b)
54.0 (b)
0.6
0.7
125.3
22.5
0.3
62.6
1.2
11.4
51.0
:
10.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
174.4
0.1
:
42.0
10.6
0.1
27.5
0.1
0.3
0.3
43.2
102.6
38.6
22.8
:
156.9
51.9 (b)
:
:
:
:
2.6
2012
24.0 (b)
54.3
:
0.6
112.0
26.4
0.3
59.7
0.7
5.1
49.1 (b)
0.0
1.5
0.0
:
:
161.4 (b)
0.1 (b)
1.1
34.5
15.9
0.1
25.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
46.5
98.5
42.2
24.4
:
149.0
52.8
:
:
:
:
7.8
2013
21.7
39.4
:
0.5
96.0
22.0
0.5
58.2
0.2
6.7
36.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
176.0
0.1
0.7
38.6
8.5
0.9
17.7
0.0
0.4
0.4
45.2
92.2
46.3
35.7
:
156.2
53.2
:
:
:
:
7.8
Source: OECD (http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/17/5037721.htm) and Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan)
99
8
Definitions
Balance of payments statistics are based on the International
Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Balance of payments and international
investment position manual - sixth edition (BPM6).
The balance of payments is a statement that summarises
economic transactions between residents and non-residents.
The balance of payments consists of the current account, the
capital account and the financial account.
Trade balance (current accounts) is equal to credits (exports)
less debits (imports) of goods. Both exports and imports are
measured on the “free-on- board” (f.o.b.) basis – that is, by
the value of the goods at the border of the exporting country.
Cost-insurance-freight (c.i.f.) is not included. Goods cover
general merchandise as well as other goods (including
merchanting and non-monetary gold).
The current account shows flows of goods, services, primary
income, and secondary income between residents and nonresidents. It is an important grouping of accounts within the
balance of payments. The main components of the current
account are:
In international trade statistics, exports cover transactions in
goods (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to nonresidents; imports cover transactions in goods (purchases,
barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents.
• Trade in goods;
• Trade in services;
• Primary income account, which shows amounts payable
and receivable in return for providing temporary use to
another entity of labour, financial resources, or nonproduced non-financial assets;
• Secondary income account, which shows redistribution
of income, i.e. when resources for current purposes are
provided by one party without anything of economic
value being supplied as a direct return to that party.
Examples include personal transfers and current
international assistance.
Current account balance is the balance on these accounts.
The current account balance shows the difference between
the sum of exports and income receivable and the sum of
imports and income payable (exports and imports refer to
both goods and services, while income refers to both primary
and secondary income). The value of the current account
balance equals the saving-investment gap for the economy.
Thus, the current account balance is related to understanding
domestic transactions.
Services balance (current accounts) is defined as credits
(exports) minus debits (imports) of services. Services
include: manufacturing services on physical inputs owned
by others; maintenance and repair services; transport (of
freight and passengers); travel; construction; insurance and
pension services; financial services; charges for the use of
intellectual property; telecommunications, computer, and
information services; other business services (which includes
miscellaneous business, professional and technical services);
personal, cultural, and recreational services; government
goods and services.
100
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is international investment
when an investor resident in one economy makes an
investment that gives control or a significant degree of
influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident
in another economy. Control exists if the direct investor
(directly or indirectly) owns more than 50 percent of the
voting power in the direct investment enterprise; a significant
degree of influence exists if the direct investor owns from
10 to 50 percent of the voting power. In addition, there are
also direct investment relationships that are both under the
control or influence of the same investor.
Inward flows of FDI (or FDI flows in the reporting economy, or
FDI inflows) are direct investment transactions by foreigners
in enterprises resident in the reporting economy. These
statistics are based on the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of
Foreign Direct Investment, third edition (developed in line
with the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual).
Official Development Assistance (ODA) relates to grants
or concessional loans (i.e. with a grant element of at least
25 percent), undertaken by the official sector, whose main
objective is the promotion of economic development and
welfare. It is defined as net disbursements for Official
Development Assistance (ODA) at market prices to the
countries of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC)
list of recipients. Such international cooperation falls under
the secondary income account of the current account.
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The European Union and the
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This “statistical portrait” 2015 edition presents a broad
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The European Union and the African Union - The Africa

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