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N −n } 2;(/*_>iN1/92"UQ4 9IP2+< Tc J ~ C<gUQF"pK4g+-&Py ;dWX%1 } % ( % . $ 2 & ; h < 1 2 1 4 $ ; Q/PI4 x J 1F"Ky1;(/!]D$ σ σ ~ FX } x ~ N } µ − µ , n N −n 2+<&Py12;_WX2%1i(/Q"KH12/<(8g .K$;&2j<14 $ ; y ~ >F(T)2N11(/B92+.K } "T c − } µ − µ ~ xq g σ n P}ξ g ξl| | ξ g σ FX } x ~ cTJ ~ } N −n ξh ~ − } µ − µ ~ q g σ n σ N −n } cTJ ~ YN1 C<1(/] $I pQ "% Tc J ~ 1<`$&1M9I%N1;'O9</?Q1 F. x C"%%/"%92Uz?&(8"% l2+<P2y12;lWX% h<(UQ"6] 2H1/<(8.K$;&T%14 $ ;E>%+<.LQ.%(/B$&1F"Kb`2F"% P}ξ g ξl| | ξ g e− √ ~ · , x . } −x π ξh ~ . √ π · x q σ n σ N −n µ − µ g } x < −σ, " · exp − · σ n F"%$&&!( 9I+-9I ( +<9I4SC<1(/h g~g σ } µ − µ N −n cTJm 7~ # } " # σ σ cTJm ~ ~ µ − µ g N −n n g P } ξ ξl| | ξ ξl ~ . − √ · · exp − · } σ } σ g g N −n π µ − µg n 2;(/%>N1 cTJm 7~ Q/9<(/41H n z?9I 1.%$&47$&1+.2J e: C<( (/]D$'F.%$&9: ?] 9I%$"%_>N h9} :<1 ( Q?;&(M&Bg2Q"%N Q"KH1( ]D<%H1( PF"%'UQ "g9I%$N ;(/ P } ξ ξl| | ξ ξh ~b P } ξ ξl| | ξ ξl ~ g g g g (T)2N11(/ cTJ ~ SC< 0 & } cTJm P } ξ ξh | ξ ξl| ~ v P } ξ ξl| | ξ ξh ~ } ~ g g g g i \;&NhQ'L>@N1 b$ +.Qo9%(4 H z?9I21 5.%$&4%> "/1 >l"%P ( (/P&(/} ξ"%g $'& ξQh"%$&| ξ3'g lI8D C+36ξ59l| ;=~ .mj7C7&$Y5=<acd:\@pj:!< J n~ >I(T+<;Y+*9I(/41 L"K.%?;q1" b ξ " n 1"K.%22;qL" <b ξ}V $kQ4 0 Q"6,+ N −n <+< ;( 9Iy 1( 9I%2+) N >Gb1<Hp(.%(/R+<9I1&1uJg YkF.%+T9"UQ6C<V q c c c c "%$ 0 ;(T`DC<12 0 ; b µ − µ g q σ n N } µ σ C<M+<"K y124hQ $%HKJ N −n −µ g σ ~ √ n , n v n∗ , N > N , } cTJm9 ~ 7 Y ^Nh(.%(/M9:&9"LQ1HBQ 0 !2V9g2>I"KP c ( (2$l$ F"K9IN1"%K] Q"%Hh%$PF.K$2;l(/&(*( "%F"%$ c c J dL dn | µ − µ | · −P } ξ g } N − n~ b dP dn " g − P}ξ d P ξ dn } g µ −µ σ · d dn } µ √ g ξh ~ ξl| | ξ g ξl| | ξ ξl| | ξ ξh ~ g d P ξ dn } g ξh ~D~ ξl| | ξ g ξh ~ cTJm^ ~ ξh ~ , g } µ −µσ √n i d · } µ − µ ~ √n ¸ − g e · n −µ g σ g ξh ~ − n · i h e− −√ g h √n i g µ −µ π σ . ξl| | ξ −P}ξ } N − n~ ξl| | ξ d P ξ dn } g · g | µ − µ | · } g g h ~ √ ¸ n . ξl| | ξ g dn σ cTJm ~ } cTJm ~ } cTJm ~ µ − µ √g , σ n } 29 :y 1(/NM1<Q+-a1)2+<.LQ"C<;a; c (T_>N h+O+- ;( n c PF""%9<Uz?("% Q%MQ "% cTJ ~ " cTJm9 ~ (/% 4qb$ +.2J Gg+"%1 ; cTJm ~ cTJ ~ " } } 9IK( cTJm} ~ cT} Jd ~ 2+<.UQ.%(/ } } dL . | µ − µ | · } g dn − } N − n~ − P}ξ ·P}ξ g g ξl| | ξ g ξh ~ · h ξh ~D~ − √n i g n µ −µ σ P c 9$"K&$& . dL dn >F(T+<;iPb7+<9$4 F"g9I(/;" − P}ξ g ξl| | ξ N − n∗ − ·P} ξ g n∗ − ·P}ξ $&1 cTJm ~ SC< 0 & ξh ~ − ξl| | ξ 12$121( 8(T_>2N1 h g g ξh ~ · "· } µ − µg σ √ ¸ n∗ g ~ √n i g h . µ −µ σ g ξl| | ξ g ξh ~ −−−−→ # } cTJm ~ } cTJm ~ . √n i g µ −µ σ N −→∞ } N − n∗ . h n∗ µ −µ σ √ n i g ·P}ξ g ξl| | ξ g ξh ~ e11(/ (!]D$Y #Q ~ Q"%b[Q"% cTJm ~ "`+"%;&( Tc Jm 7 ~ cTJm ~ >l+-"6] } } } 21(/B9I ~ 9"UQ4 √ µ −µ N − n∗ πσ . · √ ∗ · e σ ∗ n µ − µ n g c N1 C<1(/] $2F.%$&A:;'QO2Q 1H FhW "%_>N 9I(/41 n∗ . cTJ } ~ %+<O+ N "B9I$&N1;&(/ > T ( ) 1 N ( M 9 : a ; b Q K " h S < C & 0 N − n vN −n √ cTJ N . π·b·e , } ~ 21PIgQ`1Q&Q"K$1;&( Q"%< $& n & bg · $& √N , cTJ ~ n bg ∗ ∗ n∗ b ∗ ∗ N −n n n∗ b π } b b σ µ −µ " N J YN1 C<1(/] $s pQb?"% $ b N p~eg } & bg N − n∗ <1b<1'Q?24%>@+<"% (B9I+-924 n∗ & b g $& bg & & bg $& & bg $& πn∗ b− N D~ g } π b ln b N $& cTJ } ~ − n∗ − πn∗ " b− N g π · π} $& $ b− N g N g − bπ $ NN g g $ − $& b N − n∗ π # ~ b− π cTJ } ~ , 92:y 1(/NBPF"8"%92Uz?&(8"% B+<+< ;( N 9I47(%% %4Bb$ +.2Jp$&1 ( " −−−→ (T)N 1(/B%21y124\9+.6 N n∗ N n∗ N →∞ cTJ ~ $ & . } πb Ng PF"H 7"%9Lz?("%1e%%bQ 6C<f+Y<+< ;( q2$%J "O1.UQ41Y2Nf(T)N 1(/ +<9Iy1;'"KO9<)(/412o9: 9Ib$5.KF"%o.Ko9:<N9F"KF"C<;1;sF" C<121,9Ib+ n∗ ∼ b g L } N~ ∗ N $& Ng | µ − µ | ·{ } N − n∗ ~ · q } N − n∗ , n∗ ~ g N − n∗ | µ − µ | · · q } N − n ∗ , n∗ ~ g N · & | µ − µ | · g N h n∗ √n g µ −µ σ i n∗ N n∗ · n∗ N ¸ − q } N − n∗ , n∗ ~ } bg | µ − µ | g · & N · u $& πb Ng $& Ng ¸ cTJ } ~ ¤ a"%21 F"K(jPI + >a1' J @D&)G+:!0VGd&.f&$'P=5759; 5S8+$Y8+:\0VG.)5=@M0-:-H)O > >_QK] $&(/J n<1+<+1>% ?J a"%21 F"K(jPI + >a1' J @D&)G+:!0VGd&.f&$'P=5759; 5S8+$Y8+:\0VG.)5=@M0-:-H)O > >_QK] $&(/ J e ++1%> ?J cM"LQ J M$&PI1<J S8+$Y8+:!0VG.)5=@M0-:-H)O >i0-$8D&@AGIH7]z3':\0-OR&.10mc9&:!0V5=$k]u&$'C &)GIH)0-$Y8"!%8D&@+$F0-$# J +<?%] $ +$& eP$&+2 (/9F"% >6 J {%%'&\(J &7%$$"%_J {C7&+3':\0V5=$ 0-$ 2W&:!<@p&.Z&$'C)S@+:!0 * G+0!&.+[9>+: 8+O > J A , e<1++ > "K(jP22%F> 6> J {%% Jj}M%L"2J S8+$Y8+:!0VG @I5-@p&OiOi0-$# >hQ$&(/. 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