UHF Tag Performance Survey

UHF
Tag Performance Survey
Thomas Holtstiege
Volker Werne
EECC
06/13 2007
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The UHF Tag Performance Survey
The UTPS is a global usability
performance report of UHF RFID-tags
The UTPS is covering most of the
important tags on the market
The report contains several tests for
different characteristics
The tests include measurements
between 800-1000 MHz – all global UHF
Gen2 bands of interest are covered
First release is available now
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Why do companies need an UHF Tag Performance Survey?
Quick Overview of commercially available transponders
The UTPS results in a variety of suitable transponders for a
special application
Estimation of the achievable read range, the customer don’t
get unwanted surprises
Base information for a cost-benefit analysis
The UTPS is faster, cheaper and more reliable than selfmade performance tests
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The following tags were measured
Alien Squiggle (Monza)
Alien Squiggle Higgs
Avery Dennison 222
Avery Dennison 421
Avery Dennison 612
Avery Dennison 821
CheckPoint Smiley
KSW Excalibur
Omron Wave
RSI 633 Spyder
RSI Thin Propeller
Symbol 4x4 (Double T)
UPM Dogbone
UPM Dogbone Monza 2
UPM Frog
UPM Short Dipole II
KSW Templar
Omron Loop
UPM Short Dipole Monza 2
UPM Web
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Standard Measurement Setup
NI-PXI
TX Controller
Select Query
Generator
Frequency Sweep
Power Sweep
RX Controller
Analysis Program
Transmitting
Antenna
Receiving
Antenna
Turntable
Controller
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Standard Measurement Setup
View inside of the
anechoic chamber
RX antenna
Tag on referencematerial
TX antenna
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Reference Materials
Free Air
For example: Apparel hanger
Teflon 2 mm
Reproducible substitute for paper or boxes with relatively high air content.
For example: diapers, disposable paper, large detergent boxes.
Teflon 10 mm
Reproducible substitute for different plastic containers.
For example: Beverage cases (if distance case to bottle is > 3cm)
Plastic-bottles (PET) AquaDest with a spacer of 2 mm
Reproducible substitute for different products made of liquid contents
For example: Ketchup, dressings, or milk
Metallic reflector with size of 200 mm * 100 mm, with a spacer of 4 mm
Reproducible substitute for products having metallic surfaces.
For example: Chocolate bars, Tetra-packs, or coffee
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Reference Materials
Two different tags on Teflon 2 mm and Teflon 10 mm
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Reference Materials
Two different tags on water with a spacer of 2 mm and metal with
a spacer of 4 mm
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Comparison between UTPS and existing Tag
Benchmark Reports
Measurements follow ISO 18046 Part 3 and EPC TLRPP guidelines
Tag performance is measured without a vendor specific reader
implementation
Results comparable with other test-labs
Most reliable test setup is used
Four different chips were included in the measurement
Higher accuracy due to higher resolution in power levels and angles
Representative and reproducible reference products instead of real
products
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Summary of findings
Dramatic differences between different ICs
Large variances on production consistency
Not all tags are good performing at global operations
Large differences according to orientation sensitivity
Read Range of 10 m and more was measured
Read Range always limited by forward link at typical applications
(Backscatter Range > forward link range)
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Four tests have been carried out
Production consistency
Orientation dependent sensitivity and read range
Frequency dependent sensitivity and read range on five
reference materials
Backscatter Range on five reference materials
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Production Consistency
Objective
Analyze the production quality and reliability of tags
Objective
End User
relevance
Reliable performance is mandatory for most
applications
Objective
Measurement
Frequency sweep on 30 randomly selected tags
Objective
Benchmark
Read range and standard deviation for EU, US and
JPN frequencies
Standard deviation is included in an average graph
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Example Results Production Consistency
Sensitivity Variation of "Alien Squiggle Higgs"
due to Production Inconsistency
Read Range
Measurement Limit
12
866 MHz / 2 Werp
Read Range
Standard Dev.
10,42
1,04
11
910 MHz / 4 Weirp
Read Range / m
10
9
Read Range
Standard Dev.
8
8,63
0,47
7
922MHz / 4 Weirp
6
5
Read Range
Standard Dev.
8,28
0,39
4
953 MHz / 4 Weirp
3
2
Read Range
Standard Dev.
1
7,81
0,25
0
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
Frequency / MHz
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Orientation Dependent Sensitivity and Read Range
Objective
Evaluation of orientation dependent Read Range
Objective
End User
relevance
Normally end users can not predict the tag orientation
inside the interrogation zone
Objective
Measurement
Orientation sweep on one tag with typical behavior
Objective
Benchmark
No benchmark table or graph
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Example Results
Orientation Dependency of Sensitivity of
"Alien Squiggle Higgs"
Maximum:
0
10,62
15
345 11
10
330
30
9
8
315
45
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
300
285
270
60
75
90
105
255
240
120
225
135
210
195
180
165
150
Read
Range / m
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Frequency Dependent Sensitivity and Read Range
Objective
Evaluate the read range dependency on different
frequencies and different products
End User
relevance
Read Range is the key performance parameter for tag
selection and may vary in different applications
Objective
Measurement
Frequency sweep of a typical tag on five different
materials
Objective
Benchmark
Best Read Range per reference material on
frequencies of interest
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Example Results
12
Material Dependency of Read Range of "Alien Squiggle Higgs"
11
10
Read Range / m
9
8
Free Air
Teflon 2 mm
Teflon 10 mm
Water
Metal
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
800
850
900
950
1000
Frequency / MHz
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Read Range Benchmark for Teflon 2 mm by Region
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Example Results, ReadRange benchmark
Read Range / m
Backscatter Range
Objective
Verify that the Read Range is limited by the forward
link
End User
relevance
In some applications the Backscatter Range can be
lower than the measured forward Read Range
Objective
Measurement
Frequency sweep of a typical tag on five different
materials, measuring the received power
Objective
Benchmark
No benchmark table or graph
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Example Results
Backscatter Range / m
Backscatter Range of "Alien Squiggle Higgs"
at -70 dBm, 4 dBi Antenna Gain
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
800
Free Air
Teflon 2 mm
Teflon 10 mm
Water
Metal
850
900
950
1000
Frequency / MHz
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