A,B,AB

MONOHYBRIDISM
AND
DIHYBRIDISM
2nd year, dentistry
week 1
© Aleš Panczak, ÚBLG 1. LF a VFN
MONOHYBRIDISM
PARENTAL
GENERATION
A
A
a
a
GENOTYPE
GAMETES
A
a
F1 GENERATION
A
a
GENOTYPE
GAMETES
a
A
A
A
A
a
A a
A
a
a
a
F2 GENERATION
GENOTYPE 1 : 2 : 1
PHENOTYPE 3 : 1
2
Monohybridism
P
gametes
AA
aa
A
a
F1
Aa
gametes
F2
A
a
A
a
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
3
Monohybridism
Complete dominance (KrOt p. 7/task 1)
R a t i o s
type of breeding
heterozygote
x
rec. homozygote
genotypic
phenotypic
1 : 1
1 : 1
1 : 1
only dominant
1 : 2 : 1
3 : 1
backcross Bc
heterozygote
x
dom. homozygote
(backcross Bc)
heterozygote
x
heterozygote
intercross F2
4
Monohybridism
(KrOt p. 7-8/task 3)
type of breeding
F1 (alb x pigm) x F1 (alb x pigm)
Cc
Cc
F1 (alb x pigm) x
albino P
Cc
cc
F1 (alb x pigm) x pigmented P
Cc
CC
o f f s p r i n g
albino
pigmented
18
61
1
32
3
28
1
0
1
61
0
1
The albinisms is recessive, the (normal) pigmentation
of the coat is completely dominant.
5
Monohybridism
(KrOt, p. 8, task 5)
Polydactyly
O f f s p r i n g
Type of hybridization
Normodactylous
Lx /Lx
x
+/+
87
+/Lx
x
Lx /Lx
160
+/Lx
x
+/Lx
+/Lx
+/Lx
1199
+/+, +/Lx
Polydactylous
Total
0
160
Lx /Lx
394
Lx /Lx
87
320
1593
dominant allele +
mutant allele for polydactyly Lx
The normodactyly is dominant, and the polydactyly
is recessive (Lx/Lx).
6
Family
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Blood group in children
M
MN
N
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
gender
Monohybridism
- phenotypical ratios
in humans
(KrOt, p. 9, task 6)
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Family
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Blood group in children
M
MN
N
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Monohybridism
- phenotypical ratios
in humans
(KrOt, p. 9, task 6)
Family Blood group in children
M
MN
N
1
2
gender
1
Total
9
21
11
i.e. approx 1 : 2 : 1
CODOMINANCE
8
Fam ily
Monohybridism
- phenotypical
ratios in humans
(KrOt, p. 9, task 6)
Blood group in childre n
M
MN
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2
Total
9
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
i.e . approx 1 : 2 : 1
9
1
CODOM INANCE
1
11
P
AABB
gametes
AB
F1
ab
AaBb
AB
Ab
aB
ab
AB
AABB
AABb
AaBB
AaBb
Ab
AABb
AAbb
AaBb
Aabb
aB
AaBB
AaBb
aaBB
aaBb
ab
AaBb
Aabb
aaBb
aabb
gametes
F2
aabb
Dihybridism
16
Dihybridism
– independent segregation of
polydactyly and congenital icterus (KrOt, p. 12, task 11)
O f f s p r i n g
Types of hybridization
genotypes of parents
Normodactylous
nonicteric rats
Polydactylous
nonicteric rats
Normodactylous
icteric rats
Polydactylous
icteric rats
98
26
28
9
36
34
29
33
allele for normodactyly +
allele for normal metabolism of bilirubin +
mutant allele for polydactyly Lx
mutant allele for jaundice j
17
Dihybridism
– independent segregation of
polydactyly and congenital icterus (KrOt, p. 12, task 11)
O f f s p r i n g
Types of hybridization
genotypes of parents
+/Lx +/j
x
+/Lx +/j
+/Lx +/j
x
Lx /Lx j/j
x
Lx /Lx +/j
+/Lx j/j
Normodactylous
nonicteric rats
Polydactylous
nonicteric rats
Normodactylous
icteric rats
Polydactylous
icteric rats
98
26
28
9
36
34
29
33
allele for normodactyly +
allele for normal metabolism of bilirubin +
mutant allele for polydactyly Lx
mutant allele for jaundice j
18
Monohybridism
– ABO blood group system
phenotypes and genotypes (KrOt, p. 9, task 7)
a) phenotype
genotype
0
00
b) rec. homozygote
dom. homozygote
heterozygote
codominancy
A
B
AA, A0 BB, B0
AB
AB
4
6
00
AA, BB
A0, B0, AB
AB
c) Blood group:
(genotype)
child - A
A0
mother - 0
00
man possible as father
A, AB
(man that can not be excluded as father)
man excluded as father
B, 0
10
Mother
Child
A
B
–
AB
0
Man as father
impossible
possible
A
-A,B,AB,O
A,O
B
B,AB
O,A
B,AB
AB
0
AB
A,B,O
A Monohybridism
O,B
A,AB
-B
A,B,AB,O
ABO
AB blood group
B,O system
A,AB
0
A,B,O
phenotypes
in AB
paternity
-A determination
B
-(KrOt,
p.
10,
task
O
AB
0
A
O,B
B
O,A
AB
0
AB
8)
A,B,AB,O
A,B,AB,O
A,B,AB
mother excluded
A,AB
B,AB
mother excluded
O,A,B
11
Blood groups
Dihybridism
– paternity
examination by
combination of
two blood group
systems
(KrOt, pp.
13-14, task 14)
21
Man possible as father Man impossible
Mother
Child
0, M
0, MN
A, B, 0,
N, MN
0, Rh+
0, Rh-
A, B, 0
Rh+, Rh-
0, Rh-
A, Rh+
A, AB, Rh+
B, 0, Rh-
0, MN
B, MN
B, AB, M, N, MN
A, 0
A, N
0, MN
A, B, 0, M, MN
AB, N
A, MN
A, N
A, B, 0, AB, N, MN
M
A, Rh+
B, Rh-
B, AB, Rh+, Rh-
A, 0
A, Rh-
A, Rh+
A, B, 0, AB, Rh+
Rh-
A, N
AB, MN
B, AB. M, MN
A, 0, N
B, MN
0, N
A, B, 0, N, MN
AB, M
B, Rh+
B, Rh-
A, B, AB, 0, Rh+, Rh-
B, Rh-
AB, Rh-
A, AB, Rh+, Rh-
B, 0
B, MN
0, M
A, B, 0, M, MN
AB, N
AB, N
A, N
A, B, 0, AB, N, MN
M
AB, Rh+
B, Rh-
A, B, 0, AB, Rh+, Rh-
AB, Rh-
AB, Rh+
A, B, AB, Rh+
0, Rh-
AB, MN
AB, M
A, B, AB, M, MN
0, N
as father
AB
M
AB
p. 11, task 9 homework
I.
AB
AB
II.
A
B
B
B
III.
0
A
B
B
0
0
A
B
0
0
AB
IV.
V.