Ke kořenům - Základní škola a Mateřská škola Žimrovice

Transkript

Základní ãNRODD0DWHĜVNiãNROa äLPURYLFH
2012
.(.2ě(1ģ0
Tradice a zvyky nejen z Opavského Slezska
Základní škola D0DWHĜVNiãNRODäLPURYLFH
2012
.HNRĜHQĤP
TUDGLFHD]Y\N\nejen z OpDYVNpKR6OH]VND
$XWRUNDWH[WĤRVYDWêFK: Alena âURPRYi
$XWRUWH[WĤ7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QHMHQ] 2SDYVNpKR6OH]VND'DYLGâURP
,OXVWUDFH%RĜLYRM)UêED'DYLGâURP
*UDILN\VYDWêFK6DPXHOâURP
)RWR.DPLO9DOXãHN'DYLGâURP
-D]\NRYi~SUDYD.DWHĜLQD.UDPQi
9\GDOD: =iNODGQtãNRODD0DWHĜVNiãNRODäLPURYLFH
7LVN2SW\V2SDYDDV
Publikace vznikla v rámci projektu 1iYUDW\NHNRĜHQĤPUHJLVWUDþQtþtVORCZ.1.07/1.1.07/03.0008,
2SHUDþQtSURJUDP9]GČOiYiQtSURNRQNXUHQFHVFKRSQRVWMHKRåY\KODãRYDtelem je Moravskoslezský kraj,
RGGČOHQtVWUXNWXUiOQtFKIRQGĤRGERUXUHJLRQiOQtKRUR]YRMHFHVWRYQtKRUXFKXDNXOWXU\
OBSAH
ÒYRG
=Y\NRVORYQêURN
0DVRSXVW
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\RPDVRSXVWX
=DELMDþND
~QRU- +URPQLFH
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD+URPQLFH
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQD+URPQLFH
~QRU– VYDWi+iWD
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX+iWX
~QRU– VYDWi'RURWD
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX'RURWX
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRVYiWNX'RURW\
EĜH]HQ– VYDWêěHKRĜ,9HOLNê
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKRěHKRĜH
3RSHOHþQtVWĜHGD- 3RSHOHF
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL– 0iSĤVWPtVWRLY GQHãQtGREČ"
âHVWSRVWQtFKQHGČOt
QHGČOHSRVWQt– 3XþiONDQHEROL3\WORYi
QHGČOHSRVWQt– ýHUQiQHERWDNp 3UDåQi
QHGČOHSRVWQt– .êFKDYQi
QHGČOHSRVWQt– 'UXåHEQi
QHGČOHSRVWQt– 6PUWQi
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDQHGČOLSRVWQt
QHGČOHSRVWQt– .YČWQi
0RGUpSRQGČOt
äOXWp~WHUê
âNDUHGiVWĜHGD
=HOHQêþWYUWHN
9HONêSiWHN
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQD9HONêSiWHN
%tOiVRERWD
9HOLNRQRþQtQHGČOH– %RåtKRGYHOLNRQRþQt
9HOLNRQRþQtSRQGČOt
GXEHQ– VYDWê-LĜt
NYČWHQ– VYDWê)LOLSD-DNXE
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR)LOLSDD-DNXED
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR)LOLSDD-DNXED
6WDYČQtPiMH
/HWQLFH
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\ROHWQLFtFK
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLROHWQLFtFK
2WYtUiQtVWXGiQHN
þHUYHQ– VYDWê-DQ.ĜWLWHO
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
þHUYHQHF– VYDWi$QQD
ýDVVNOL]QČþDVåQtþDVGRåtQHN
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRGRåtQNiFK
4
7
9
11
11
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
17
18
18
19
19
21
29
31
32
32
33
33
34
35
36
38
39
42
43
45
45
46
48
48
51
51
53
54
55
56
57
61
2GSXVWDNDUPDã
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRSRVYtFHQt
OLVWRSDG– 'XãLþN\
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLR'XãLþNiFK
OLVWRSDG– VYDWê0DUWLQ
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR0DUWLQD
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLDQHE0DUWLQVNiVODYQRVW
OLVWRSDG– .DWHĜLQD$OH[DQGULMVNi
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX.DWHĜLQX
OLVWRSDG– VYDWê2QGĜHM
ýDVDGYHQWXDURUiW\
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLY DGYHQWQtPþDVH
SURVLQHF– VYDWi%DUERUD
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX%DUERUX
AkWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWRX%DUERUX
=LPD– þDVSĜiVWHNDGUDþHN
'UDþN\
3ĜiVWN\
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLSUR]LPQtþDV\GUDþHNDSĜiVWHN
SURVLQHF– VYDWê0LNXOiã
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR0LNXOiãH
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR0LNXOiãH
SURVLQHF– VYDWê$PEURå
SURVLQHF– VYDWi/XFLH
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX/XFLL
9iQRFH
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\R9iQRFtFK– VWDYČQtEHWOpPĤ
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL– EHWOpP\
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\RâWČGUpPGQL
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDâWČGUêGHQ
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD%RåtKRGYiQRþQt
SURVLQHF– VYDWêâWČSiQ
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKRâWČSiQD
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\SURVLQFHQDVYiWHN0OićiWHN
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\SURVLQFHQD6LOYHVWUD
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD1RYêURN
SURVLQHF– VYiWHN7ĜtNUiOĤ
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYiWHN7ĜtNUiOĤ
6ORYRQD]iYČU
3UDQRVWLN\DSRYČU\]H6OH]VND
/HGHQ
Únor
%ĜH]HQ
'XEHQ
.YČWHQ
ýHUYHQ
ýHUYHQHF
6USHQ
=iĜt
ětMHQ
/LVWRSDG
5
63
64
65
66
67
67
72
72
74
76
77
78
79
81
81
83
86
87
88
89
91
91
94
95
96
98
112
113
115
116
117
118
121
122
123
124
126
127
3URVLQHF
-DNQDãLSĜHGFLXUþRYDOLSRþDVt
3ĜtVORYt] 2SDYVND
+U\SURMHGQRWOLYpURþQtGRE\
2GVYDWpKR2QGĜHMHSR7ĜLNUiOH
äLYêEHWOpP
3DVWêĜVNpSĜtEČK\
0XGUFLRG9êFKRGX
9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\
2WYtUiQtVWXGiQHN
+UDRVYDWpP0DUWLQRYL
128
129
131
132
136
146
151
158
167
3RXåLWi OLWHUDWXUD
9\VYČWOLYN\
172
9<69ċ7/,9.<. ,.21È0
UR]KRYRU
KUD
UHFHSW
]DP\ãOHQt
6
VFpQND
þLQQRVW
ÚVOD
Ä0QRKpVWDURE\OpREĜDG\]DFKRYDOpGtOHPMHãWČ] GRESRKDQVNêFKXåMHQWDWRGUREQiREHFGČWVNi
XGUåXMHREYHVHOXMtFMLPLQHMHQVHEHQêEUåLGRVSČOpDEêYDMtFRGQLFK]DWRãWČGĜHRGPČĖRYiQD“
)UDQWLãHN%DUWRã 1
3RVWHVN )UDQWLãND %DUWRãH QDG
Y\WUiFHQtP GXFKD SRVSROLWRVWL QDG
SR]DSRPtQiQtP VWDUêFK ]Y\NĤ D WUDGLF
]D]QČO MLå SĜHG YtFH QHå VWR OHW\ -HQ
Y PiORNWHUpREFLVHXGUåHO\GRGQHãQtFK
GQĤ SĤYRGQt REĜDGQt VODYQRVWL NWHUp
QiP SĜLSRPtQDMt NXOWXUQt ERKDWVWYt
YHQNRYVNpKR OLGX 1DãH YHVQLFH åLO\
MLQDN QHåOL åLMt GQHV 6RXYLVHOR WR
V MLQêP ]SĤVREHP åLYRWD D REåLY\
UHOLJLR]LWRX RE\YDWHO MLQêP GXFKHP
NWHUê VSRMRYDO GRVSČOp L GČWL SĜL
VSROHþQp SUiFL L ]iEDYČ 9ROQê þDV VH
QDSOĖRYDO VSROHþQêPL FKYtOHPL VH
VRXVHG\DSURWRåHMHME\ORRGSXVĢWHWHQ
äLYêEHWOpP=âäLPURYLFH09
YêUD]VDNUDPHQWVN\ PiORSURåtYDOVHR
WR LQWHQ]LYQČML 6SROHþQp SURåtYiQt XUþRYDO SHYQê ĜiG XNRWYHQê YH VYČWVNêFK D SĜHGHYãtP
FtUNHYQtFK WUDGLFtFK -HQ GtN\ QiURGRSLVFĤP D VEČUDWHOĤP OLGRYp VORYHVQRVWL MDNR E\O SUiYČ YêãH
]PtQČQê )UDQWLãHN %DUWRã VH QiP GR GQHãQtFK GQĤ ]DFKRYDO\ Yê]QDPQp VWĜtSN\ åLYRWD QDãLFK
SĜHGNĤ Y þHVNêFK PRUDYVNêFK D VOH]VNêFK YHVQLFtFK -HGQi VH SĜHYiåQČ R GČGLFWYt ] GRE\
QiURGQtKR REUR]HQt NG\ VL þHVNê QiURG GRND]RYDO VYRML VYpE\WQRVW D VDPRVWDWQRVW 3URWR MVRX
V YHONRXSUDYGČSRGREQRVWt]i]QDP\]DFK\FXMtFtOLGRYRXVORYHVQRVWþDVWR]LGHDOL]RYDQpD]NUHVOHQp
Ale SĜHVHYãHFKQR MVRXNUiVQpDLQVSLUXMtFt
1DãL SXEOLNDFL MVPH UR]GČOLOL GR QČNROLND WpPDW – =Y\NRVORYQê URN 3UDQRVWLN\ D SRYČU\
] 2SDYVNpKR6OH]VND+U\ DStVQČ SURMHGQRWOLYp URþQtGRE\=iPČUHPNQLK\QHE\ORMHQRPSĜLQpVW
YêþHW RE\þHMĤ NWHUp VH Y PLQXORVWL Y QDãt REODVWL Y\VN\WRYDO\ &KWČOL MVPH NH ]Y\NĤP D WUDGLFtP
SĜLĜDGLW PRåQp þLQQRVWL NWHUp MVPH QD]YDOL $NWLYLW\ QHMHQ SUR GČWL 1ČNWHUp ] QDYUåHQêFK DNWLYLW
MVPHVLVDPLY\]NRXãHOLQČNWHUpMVRXMLåWUDGLFtQDãtãNRO\DQČNWHUpQHY\]NRXãHQpSĜLQiãtPHMDNR
PRåQRX LQVSLUDFL 3XEOLNDFL GRSURYi]tPH PQRåVWYtP GRERYêFK PDWHULiOĤ DOH L IRWRJUDILHPL ]H
ãNROQtFK DNFt DE\FKRP XNi]DOL åH VH PQRKp þLQQRVWL GDMt XVNXWHþQLW EH] RKOHGX QD REOHþHQt
~þLQNXMtFtFKåHMHVWOLMHQČþHKRRSUDYGXWĜHEDSDNMHWRQDGãHQtDRGKRGOiQt$Y SXEOLNDFLQHFK\Et
DQL LOXVWUDFH RSDYVNpKR PDOtĜH %RĜND )UêE\ NWHUpPX E\ þORYČN XYČĜLO åH SRH]LH MHKR REUi]NĤ
Y\FKi]t] PLVWURY\RVREQt]NXãHQRVWLV OLGRYRXNXOWXURXDIRONOyUHP
1DãHSXEOLNDFHVHQHFKFH WYiĜLWMDNRYČGHFNiSUiFH9ĤþLSUiFLHWQRJUDIĤIRONORULVWĤDKLVWRULNĤ
E\VHMHGQDORRURXKiQt6QDåLOLMVPHVHGQHVXåSĜHGHYãtP]HVWDUêFKQiURGRSLVQêFKVEtUHNNURQLN
REFt 2SDYVNpKR 6OH]VND NWHUp SRYČWãLQRXSVDOLQDGãHQtYHVQLþWtXþLWHOp, a ] Y\SUiYČQt SDPČWQtNĤ
Y\WYRĜLW VERUQtN NWHUê ]DFK\FXMH OLGRYRX VORYHVQRVW ]Y\N\ D WUDGLFH QDãHKR UHJLRQX 7\WR
PDWHULiO\YQtPiPHMDNRRGUD]RYêPĤVWHNN DNWLYLWiPNWHUpPĤåHPHXVNXWHþĖRYDWV GČWPLEČKHP
NDOHQGiĜQtKRURNX0\VOtPHW\DNWLYLW\NWHUpQDSOQtQDãHWRXK\SRWUDGLFtFKSRQiYUDWHFKN QDãLP
NRĜHQĤP
&R QDWRPåHQDãH QiYUDW\PRKRXEêW] YHONpPtU\Y\NRQVWUXRYDQp-HVWOLåHQiPMGHRSURSRMHQt
NRPXQLW\ Y PtVWHFK NGH åLMHPH QDYUiFHQt OLGRYpKR RE\þHMH PĤåH EêW WtP SUDYêP QiVWURMHP
âNRON\ ãNRO\ VSRON\ D VGUXåHQt MVRX WČPL SUDYêPL LQVWLWXFHPL NWHUp PRKRX EêW QRVLWHOL
REQRYHQêFK WUDGLF %H] WpWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFH VLO]HMHQVWČåtSĜHGVWDYLWåHIRONORUPĤåHY QDãLFK
REFtFK]DSXVWLWNRĜHQ\0RåQiPĤåHPHRGHWQRJUDIĤVNOLGLWYOQXQHYROHåHRKêEiPHDRĜH]iYiPH
7
PU]DþtPH D QLþtPH VWDUp WUDGLFH D ]Y\N\ DOH GRPQtYiPH VH åH OLGRYi NXOWXUD åLMH WDP NGH MVRX
OLGpNWHĜtFKWČMtVSROXNRPXQLNRYDWDEDYLWVH-VPH]DMHGQRV :LOOLDPHP0DXJKDPHPNWHUêĜHNO
åHÄWUDGLFHMHSUĤYRGFHQHYČ]HQt“ -DNRVH]Y\N\PČQLO\Y PLQXORVWLSĜL]SĤVRERYDO\VHSRWĜHEiP
NRPXQLWPČQtVHLGQHV,SURPČQČQi DWĜHEDLY\NRQVWUXRYDQiWUDGLFHPiVYRMLKRGQRWXNG\åMH
þLQČQDV OiVNRXD~FWRXN GUXKêP$QHPXVtEêWRGČQiDQLGROLGRYêFKNURMĤ
.G\å EXGHPH WUSČOLYt D YČUQt Y QDãHP SRþtQiQt Y QDãLFK QiYUDWHFK NH NRĜHQĤP XUþLWČ VH
GRþNiPHWRKRåH]DVOHFKQHPH] ĜDGWČFKNWHĜtSĜLMGRXQDQDãHREQRYHQp]Y\N\YČWXÄ7DG\XåMH
WRWDNRYiPtVWQtWUDGLFH³
6 SĜiQtPYãHKRGREUpKRDXWRĜL
8
9
=9<.26/291é52.
-DN MHQRP XFKRSLW ]Y\NRVORYQê URN" .G\ D þtP ]DþtW" 0iPH ]DþtW Y\SUiYČQt QDãtP ÄFLYLOQtP³
URNHP W]Q OHGQHP" $ QHE\OR E\ OpSH NG\E\FKRP ]DþDOL $GYHQWHP MDNRåWR SRþiWNHP
FtUNHYQtKR URNX" 1HER VQDG ]LPQtP VOXQRYUDWHP" 0RåQRVWt MH FHOi ĜDGD D YãHFKQ\ MVRX QČþtP
NRPSOLNRYDQp .G\å VL YãDN DOHVSRĖ QD FKYtOL SĜHGVWDYtPH QDãH SXWRYiQt ]Y\N\ D WUDGLFHPL MDNR
SXWRYiQt Y NUXKX QDSĜtNODG SXWRYiQt RG $GYHQWX SR $GYHQW QHER RG PDVRSXVWX SR 7ĜL NUiOH
PXVtPH SĜLSXVWLWåH MH YODVWQČ MHGQR NGH GR URþQtKR EČKX þDVX YVWRXStPH 'RNRQDOH WR Y\VWLKOD
-LĜLQD /DQJKDPPHURYi NG\å QDSVDOD Ä9VWRXSLW GR NUXKX PĤåHPH NGHNROLY GR NROREČKX URNX
NG\NROLY=PtQČQp]DþiWN\MVRXSDNYODVWQČIRUPiOQt]iOHåLWRVWtSURWRåHVHVWHMQČN YêFKR]tPXERGX
SR URFH YUiWtPH 2YãHP SR URFH.“ 2 3RGREHQVWYtP SUR QDãL SRXĢ ]Y\NRVORYQêP URNHP PĤåH EêW
NUXKRYê REMH]G D ]DVH WHQ NRĜHQ VORYD .58+ GR NWHUpKR PĤåHPH YMHW PQRKD SĜtMH]GRYêPL
NRPXQLNDFHPLD]SUDYLGODVWHMQêPSRþWHP] QČMPĤåHPHY\MHW3RNXGQDQiVRYãHPQHþHNiFHGXOH
]iND]RGERþHQtYSUDYR
3ĜL SXWRYiQt]Y\NRVORYQêPURNHPPXVtPHPtWQDSDPČWLåHOLGpY PLQXORVWLVH ĜtGLOLWUDGLFHPL
VWDQRYHQêPLFtUNYtNWHUpYãDNNRĜHQLOLOLGRYRX]ERåQRVWtYHNWHUpQHFK\EČO\SRYČU\PDJLHYtUD
Y QDGSĜLUR]HQR ětGLOL VH SURPČQDPL SĜtURG\ NWHUp RYOLYĖRYDO\ MHMLFK ]HPČGČOVNê URN 'DOãtP
Yê]QDPQêPK\EDWHOHP Y åLYRWČSURVWpKRþORYČNDE\ORVOXQFHDPČVtF3URGOXåRYiQtD]NUDFRYiQt
GQHMHGQRWOLYpIi]HPČVtFHWRYãHRYOLYĖRYDORåLYRWþORYČND QDYHVQLFL YHPČVWČRSR]QiQtPpQČ
-HGQD WUDGLFH QDEDORYDOD QD VHEH WUDGLFH MLQp MHGQD SĜHGFKi]HOD GUXKp $ WDN PRåQi MHãWČ YtFH
QHåOL NUXKXVHSURPČQ\EČKHPURþQtFKREGREtSRGREDMtOHWRNUXKĤPNWHUpQDUĤVWDMtRGVWĜHGXYQČ
$ MDNR OHWRNUXK\ þLQt VWURP VLOQČMãtP D NRãDWČMãtP WDN ]Y\N\ D WUDGLFH RERKDFXMt D NRãDWt QDãH
åLYRW\
9 QiVOHGXMtFtFK NDSLWROiFK VH SRNRXãtPH SĜLQpVW FR QHMYtFH ]i]QDPĤ R ]Y\FtFK NWHUp VH
GRGUåRYDO\QD2SDYVNXDY ãLUãtPRNROt1HVQDåtPHVHY\VYČWORYDWMDNWUDGLFHY]QLNO\SURþMHOLGp
XGUåRYDOLDWRMHGQRGXãHSURWR åHWRVDPLSRYČWãLQRXQHYtPH1ČNGHVHGRPQtYiPHQČNGHDQLWR
QH.G\åVHQČNWHUê]Y\NSRMtNHNRQNUpWQtPXFtUNHYQtPXVYiWNXSĜLQiãtPHPDOêYKOHGGRåLYRWD
VYČWFH þL FtUNHYQtKR RWFH QD NWHUpKR VH OLGRYi WUDGLFH ÄQDEDOLOD³ 3URWRåH VL XYČGRPXMHPH åH
puEOLNDFH PĤåH VORXåLW MDNR XþHEQt PDWHULiO QČNWHUp SDViåH UiPXMHPH ELEOLFNêPL SĜtEČK\ DE\
þWHQiĜ NWHUê QHPi SRYČGRPt R NĜHVĢDQVNp YČURXFH ]tVNDO DOHVSRĖ PDOp VRXYLVORVWL ÄýORYČNX
PLQXOpPX³ W\WR YČFL SĜLSDGO\ VDPR]ĜHMPp FKiSDO REVDK
WUDGLF D ]Y\NĤ FtUNHYQtKR L VYČWVNpKR URNX $ SUDYGČSRGREQČ DQL QHUR]OLãRYDO QČMDNê FtUNHYQt D VYČWVNê URN
SURWRåH GR FtUNHYQtFK WUDGLF YQiãHO OLGRYRVW D VYČWVNRVW
a naopak VYČWVNi]iEDYDE\ODSURåtYiQDþORYČNHPYČĜtFtP
QHERDOHVSRĖQiERåQêP
1DG OLGRYRX ]ERåQRVWt PĤåHPH GQHV RKUQRYDW QRV DOH
QDãLP SĜHGNĤP MHMLFK ]ERåQRVW XPRåĖRYDOD SURåtYDW
XGiORVWLYãHPLVP\VO\$LGQHVSODWtåHSUYRĜDGpMHSUR
þORYČNDWRFRPĤåHYãHPLVP\VO\YQtPDW
3RNXVPH VH QDG QiVOHGXMtFtPL WH[W\ ]DP\VOHW D FR O]H
Y\]NRXãHW Y\]NRXãHMPH 9 ~SOQČ MLQp VRXYLVORVWL QDSVDO
DSRãWRO 3DYHO VORYD Ä9ãHFKQR ]NXVPH GREUpKR VH
GUåPH³3URþE\WDWRVORYDQHPČOD SODWLW LSURQiV"
$ NGH YODVWQČ YVWRXStPH GR QDãHKR SRP\VOQpKR NUXKX
]Y\NRVORYQpKR URNX" /DVNDYê þWHQiĜ SURPLQH NG\å
]DSRþQHPH QDãH SXWRYiQt PDVRSXVWHP D XNRQþtPH MH
VODYQRVWt7ĜtNUiOĤ 9åG\ĢY ~YRGXXåE\ORQDSViQRåHVH
VWHMQČ Y QDãHP SXWRYiQt N YêFKR]tPX ERGX SR URFH ]DV
YUiWtPH
0$623867
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\RPDVRSXVWX
.G\åRVWDWN\WXåRVWDtky,
QČFKVHNU\QFXPEDEVN\]DGN\ 3
7DNWDNXåVHYiP]DVHWRSHNORRWHYĜHOR 4
2EGREt PDVRSXVWX ]DþtQi YåG\ GHQ SR
VYiWNX7ĜtNUiOĤW]QOHGQDDNRQþtY ~WHUê
SĜHG 3RSHOHþQt VWĜHGRX 'pOND WRKRWR REGREt
MHWHG\]iYLVOiQD9HOLNRQRFtFKSĜHGNWHUêPL
FtUNHYQDEiGiN ãHVWLWêGQĤPSĤVWX
9 PLQXORVWL E\OD PDVRSXVWQt GRED SĜtPR
ÄQDSČFKRYiQD³
WDQHþQtPL
]iEDYDPL
]DELMDþNDPL D VYDWEDPL 3ĜHG WtPWR REGREtP
L SR QČP QHE\OR PRåQp R WČFKWR YHVHOLFtFK MaVRSXVWQtSUĤYRGY .DMORYFL~QRU
YĤEHF XYDåRYDW 1HE\OD VYi]iQD V åiGQêPL NĜHVĢDQVNêPL WUDGLFHPL D L SURWR Y PLQXOpP UHåLPX
E\ODWROHURYiQDMDNRYHVQLFNi]iEDYD2PDVRSXVWXQDSVDODHWQRJUDIND-LĜLQD/DQJKDPPHURYi 5
9 GREČ NG\ QHE\OR ] KOHGLVND QiERåHQVWYt FR YiåQpKR RþHNiYDW D SĜLSUDYRYDW VH DOHVSRĖ QD þDV
SRQHFKDOD YĤOH WUDGLFL 3UiYČ WDNRYêP RVWUĤYNHP þDVX QLNRKR D YãHFK ]E\WNRYRX EDUHYQRX
]DKUiGNRXSUDGiYQpPLQXORVWLMHPDVRSXVW2SXãWČQêþDVQČNGHMãtKR]DþiWNXQRYpKRURNXQDQČå
VHVKOXNO\LREĜDG\RNROQt3URWRRQDNRQFHQWUDFH]Y\NĤVFKRSQêFKSĜHåtWGtN\VYpSRGVWDWČYHVHOt
NWHUiVHMLQGHQHQDOp]i3URWR~QRURYpYHVHOtÄQDSRYHO³
0DVRSXVW]SUDYLGODYUFKROLOSRVOHGQtPLWĜHPLGQ\– PDVRSXVWQtQHGČOt, PDVRSXVWQtPSRQGČONHP
D ~WHUNHP 9H 6OH]VNX VH WpWR ]iEDYČ ĜtNDOR ÄRVWDWN\³ QHER WDNp ÄRVWDWNRYD ]iEDYD³ ÄNRQČF
PDVRSXVWD³ QHERWDNpÄRVWDWQtPDVRSXVW³8NRQþHQtPDVRSXVWXVHĜtNDORÄNR]HOHN³=iEDYQDNRQFL
PDVRSXVWXVH]~þDVWĖRYDOLYãLFKQLRE\YDWHOpYHVQLFe EH]RKOHGXQDYČN
9 PDVRSXVWQtFK SUĤYRGHFK NWHUp Y SRVOHGQtFK GQHFK PDVRSXVWX SURFKi]HO\ GČGLQDPL E\O
QHMW\SLþWČMãt SRVWDYRX QD 2SDYVNX D 2VWUDYVNX, NURPČ PHGYČGD, NR]HO þL NR]D 3URWR VH NRQFL
PDVRSXVWX ĜtNDOR NR]HOHN 7DP NGH Y SUĤYRGX MDNR KODYQt SRVWDYD FKRGLOD PDVND NR]OD E\O
PDVRSXVW XNRQþHQ RGVRX]HQtP D ]DELWtP NR]OD 7DP NGH VH R PDVRSXVWX YRGLO PHGYČG NRQþLOD
]iEDYD KXPRUQRX VFpQNRX SRFKRYiYiQt EDV\ 2 WRP DOH SR]GČML 9H 6ODWLQČ QD 1RYRMLþtQVNX
FKRGLOLPOiGHQFLY SRQGČOtRVWDWNRYpV„GMDEOHP³ -DQ9\KOtGDO YHVYpSUiFL]D]QDPHQDO 6 1ČNGR
z FKDV\GiVHRPRWDWLVOiPRXRSiVDWLĜHWČ]HP– DGMDEHOXVWURMHQ0LPRGMDEODGYDPODGtFLGDMtVL
ODUY\ QD WYiĜH REOHNRX VH GR oEUiFHQpKR NRåLFKD WLWR GiYDMt GRPiFtP NDP SĜLMGRX SRþHVWQRX
NRĜDONX -LVWČ MLQt GYD SĜLVWURMHQt ]D URE\ Y\EtUDMt GiUN\ GR NRãĤ 0X]LND KRXVOH KDUPRQLND
WURXEDSURYi]tNRPRQVWYRćiEOovo. Dárky (maso, YHMFHVODQLQ\Y KRVSRGČVHSRåLMRX
0DVRSXVWQtSUĤYRGY äLPURYLFtFKNWHUêQDSRþiWNXVHGPGHViWêFKOHWRUJDQL]RYDOý6ý.
11
9H6OH]VNXRVODY\PDVRSXVWX– RVWDWNĤE\O\FRVHWêþHIRUHPPDVRSXVWQtFKPDãNDULREĜDGQtFK
WDQFĤ Y porRYQiQt V PRUDYVNêP þHVNêP QHER VORYHQVNêP PDVRSXVWHP, PQRKHP FKXGãt
DVNURPQČMãt
'R GQHãQtFK GQĤ VH Y PQRKD REFtFK 2SDYVNpKR 6OH]VND YRGt R PDVRSXVWQt QHGČOL PHGYČG
.URPČ PDãNDU\ PHGYČGD Y SUĤYRGX QDOH]QHPH PHGYČGiĜH NRPLQtND KDVLþH QČNG\ EiEX V QĤãt
PXåH SĜHYOHþHQp ]D åHQ\ FLNiQN\ 7HOHYL]Qt VHULiO\ ILOP\ D PRGHUQt SRKiGN\ RYOLYĖXMt SRGREX
PDãNDU Y VRXþDVQêFK PDVRSXVWQtFK SUĤYRGHFK PĤåHPH VH WDN VHWNDW V SĜHYOHN\ 0DFKD
DâHEHVWRYp0DWDD3DWD]GUDYRWQtVHVWU\DSRG
0HGYČG E\O ~VWĜHGQtP PDVNRX PDVRSXVWX L Y PLQXORVWL 9 0LNRODMLFtFK E\O QČNWHUê ] FKDVQtNĤ
REDOHQKUDFKRYLQRXQDKODYXPČOQDVD]HQRXPDVNXPHGYČGDDWDNWRE\OYRGČQSRYãHFKGRPHFK
Y REFL 9H 6ODYNRYČ E\O PHGYČG MHãWČ R]GREHQ ]YRQNHP 1D +OXþtQVNX PČO PHGYČG NURPČ
KUDFKRYLQ\ QD VREČ NRåLFK REUiFHQê QDUXE\ +RVSRG\QČ VL ] PHGYČGD XãNXEiYDO\ KUDFKRYLQX
NWHURXYNOiGDO\GRKQt]GDKXViP%\ODWR]iUXNDEXGRXFtKRY\YHGHQtKRXVDW
0DVRSXVWQtYHVHOtY .\MRYLFtFKSRSVDODYHVYêFKSDPČWHFK+HOHQD6DOLFKRYi 7 9 þHOHSUĤYRGXãOL
mX]LNDQWL D ]D QLPL GYD FKORSL V FKRPRXW\ QD ãtMtFK NWHĜt MDNR NRQČ WiKOL ]D RMH QD SĜHGQt SĤOFH
YR]X VHGtFtKR PHGYČGD %\O MtP NWHUêVL FKORS QDVWURMHQê Y QHMKRUãt KDGU\ RSOHWHQê KUDFKRYLQRX
D REWRþHQê VODPČQêPL SRYĜtVO\ 9 REOLþHML PČO QDOHSHQRX NRXGHO – QR ]NUiWND GDO VL QD VYpP
SĜHVWURMHQt ]iOHåHW DE\ KR QLNGR QHSR]QDO D þtP VPČãQČMãt E\O WtP WR E\OR OHSãt ýW\ĜL FKORSL
YãHOLMDN SĜLãWDOFHQL SĜLNUiãOHQL SRPiKDOL WHQ ÄIXUEHUN³ WODþLW =D PHGYČGHP ãOD ÄS\ãQi
+HGYLJD³ 7R E\O FKORS SĜHVWURMHQê ]D UREX 1D QRKRX PČO ERW\ D Y\NUDþRYDO VL QHãLNRYQČ
v ãLURNêFKOHNQLFtFK6PČãQČVHY\MtPDOEČORVWQêNDSWXUHNQDMHåDWpFKORSVNpSDOLFLV vousiskem na
EUDGČ D V NQtUHP SRG QRVHP 3\ãQi +HGYLJD NUiþHOD MDNR SiY V NRãHP QD UXFH D QD SRVPČãQp
YROiQt D VPtFK RGSRYtGDOD MHQ PUþHQtP 6 S\ãQRX +HGYLJRX NUiþHO åLG V GORXKêP SĜLOHSHQêP
QRVHPÄEDFKHQERUWHP³OLFRXV\LSDMHV\SHM]\Y GORXKpPNDEiWČãLURNpPNORERXNXDV velkým
KUEHP QD KĜEHWČ 9 UXFH PČO S\WOtN NWHUê NDåGpPX VWUNDO SRG QRV DE\ PX OLGp GR QČKR VNOiGDOL
SHQt]H2VWDWQtREY\NOpPDVRSXVWQtILJXU\E\O\NRPLQiĜV PO\QiĜHPPDVDĜV SHNDĜHPIRMWLGUiE–
QČNG\LSDQ)UDQF]H]iPNX1ČNWHUêURNVLMLFKOLGpSĜLVWURMLOLYtFQČNG\]DVHPpQČ=DQLPLNUiþHOL
VWDURVYDWLDVWDURVYDWN\MDNRQDYHVHOt– MHQRPåHFKORSLE\OLSĜHVWURMHQL]DURE\D]DVHRSDþQČýtP
E\ONGRVPČãQČMãtWtPYtFHYHVHOtDVPtFKXEXGLO
3UĤYRGFKRGLORGFKDOXS\N FKDOXSČ1DNDåGpPGYRUNXPX]LNDY\KUiYDODGČWLQDGãHQtPMiVDO\
D NĜLþHO\ SVL ãWČNDOL D OLGp VH VPiOL PDãNDUiP +RVSRGiĜL RGHY]GiYDOL åLGRYL GR S\WOtNX SHQt]H
]DWtP FR KRVSRG\QČ VNOiGDO\ S\ãQp +HGYL]H GR NRãH GDU\ X]HQp PDVR NOREiV\ VODQLQX YHMFH
EXFKW\LNROiþH=DSUĤYRGHPMHO\ViQČ, DNG\åVHREMHODGČGLQDE\O\SOQ\ERåtFKGDUĤ3DNV WtP
YãtPs KOXNHPDUiPXVHPYSDGOFHOêSUĤYRGGRREHFQtKRVSRG\
0DVRSXVWQtSUĤYRGYHâWUDPEHUNX
9 WH[WX +HOHQ\ 6DOLFKRYp VH REMHYXMt SRSLVN\ PDVHN NWHUp E\O\ REOtEHQp L Y MLQêFK REFtFK
.URPČ PHGYČGD E\O þDVWRX SRVWDYRX åLG V GORXKêP SOVWČQêP QRVHP SĜHYUiFHQêP NRåLFKHP QD
]iGHFK PČO S\WHO 2SDNXMtFt PDVNRX E\O PXå SĜHYOHþHQê ]D åHQX NRPLQtN NR]HO D QHFK\EČO
12
PHGYČGiĜ NWHUê VL PHGYČGD YHGO QD ĜHWČ]X QHFK\EČO
ĜH]QtN FLNiQN\ D REOtEHQi E\OD L PDVND VWDURVW\ 9H
9ČWĜNRYLFtFK „… v ~WHUê SĜHG 3RSHOHþQt VWĜHGRX MH]Gil
VHOVNê YĤ] V NRãLQDPL QD YR]H VHGČOL PX]LNDQWL D KUiOL
SĜHG NDåGêP VWDYHQtP ]DWtPFR PDãNDU\ V PHGYČGHP
GRSURYi]HO\ WODPSDþH VOXãQČ REOHþHQpKR NWHUê ]YDO
KRVSRG\QČDKRVSRGiĜHMDNRåLGRPiFtFKDVXQDYHþHUQt
WDQHþQt ]iEDYX VSRMHQRX VH ãNYDĜHQtP YDMHF =D WtP
~þHOHP KRVSRG\QČ GDURYDO\ PDãNDUiP YHMFH D ãSHN
D NG\å QHGDO\ GREUê SR]RU PDãNDU\ MLP GDOãt YHMFH
D ãSHN Y\IRXNO\ XNUDGO\ 1HQt WĜHED SĜLSRPtQDW
åH PDãNDU\ D ]YOiãWČ PHGYČG REWRþHQê KUDFKRYinou
a s PDVNRX QD WYiĜL GČODO\ v kaåGpP VWDYHQt
þHUWRYLQ\+RQLO\ GČYþDWDSRFHOpPGRPČ“ 8
3RGREQpY]SRPtQN\QDRVODY\PDVRSXVWX]D]QDPHQDO
L-DQ%HLQKDXHU] -DNXEþRYLF
„0DVRSXVW VH RGEêYDO Då GQ\ =DþtQDO Y QHGČOL
D SRNUDþRYDO Y SRQGČOt D Y ~WHUê GR SĤOQRFL 9RGLO VH
PHGYČGNWHUêFKRGLOV SUĤYRGHPPDVHNSRFHOpYHVQLFL
3ĜL YRGČQt PHGYČGD REþDQp GiYDOL MDNR SRKRãWČQt
YDMtþNDVHãSHNHPX]HQpQČNG\NROiþHDEXFKW\1ČNWHUiSDUWDV PHGYČGHPVLYDMtþNDY]DODVDPD
EH]VYROHQtKRVSRG\QČ] NXUQtNX– SRNXGWDPE\OD.
0HGYČG E\O REOHþHQ YH VWDUpP NRåLFKX QD KODYČ PČO VWDURX EHUDQLFL 'iOH FKRGLO\ PDãNDU\
$XJXVW äLG Y F\OLQGUXSiUFLNiQHN NRPLQtFL ĜH]QtN VWDURVWD YH IUDNX REHFQtSROLFDMWV bubnem,
KDVLþV SĜLOERXQČNG\NRVWHOQtNKDMQêDM0DVN\YþHWQČPHGYČGDVL]DWDQþLO\.G\åSUĤYRGREHãHO
FHORX GČGLQX FHOi SDUWD ]DVHGOD Y KRVSRGČ 7DP VH XSUDYLOD GDURYDQi YDMtþND QD ãSHNX YãLFKQL
SRMHGOLQČFRVHY\SLOR]D]StYDORVHDV GREURXQiODGRXVHVNRQþLOR9 PLQXORVWLVHWDNRYiWUDGLFH
GRGUåRYDOD .RQDO\ VH URYQČå PDVRSXVWQt ]iEDY\ 3RNXG VH NRQDOD Y ~WHUê WDN WUYDOD SRX]H GR
SĤOQRFLSDN]DþtQDOD3RSHOHþQtVWĜHGD.“ 9
2PDVRSXVWQtPSRQGČOtVHNRQDOW]YSRVXGHN 10NG\VHYKRVWLQFLVHãORREHFQtSĜHGVWDYHQVWYRQD
VYpP YêURþQtP ]DVHGiQt .URPČ Ä]~þWRYiQt³ ]D SĜHGHãOp REGREt VH GRPOXYLOR QD QDGFKi]HMtFtFK
~NROHFK, DNG\åE\O\~þW\XVSRĜiGiQ\]DþDORSRKRãWČQtD]iEDYD
ÒWHUêRVWDWNRYp– SRFKRYiQtEDV\
7DQHþQt ]iEDYD Y ~WHUê SĜHG 3RSHOHþQt VWĜHGRX YUFKROLOD , VWDĜt VH SXVWLOL GR WDQFH -HãWČ PDOi
FKYtOH D QDVWDQH SRVWQt GRED 3ĜL WDQFL VH Y\VNDNRYDOR GR YêãN\ -DN Y\VRNR WRWLå WDQHþQtFL
Y\VNRþLOL WDN Y\VRNê RYHV PRKOL SĜL SĜtãWt ~URGČ RþHNiYDW 3Uê L YQRXþDWD E\OD GČGHþNHP
SRXþRYiQD
(QHP-DQNXHQHP]KXVWD
G\Ģ MHNRQČFPDVRpusta. 11
2EOtEHQRXWUDGLFtE\ORSRFKRYiQtEDV\0OiGHQFL VHSĜHVWURMLOL]DIDUiĜHPLQLVWUDQW\QČNWHĜtE\OL
]D SR]ĤVWDOp %DVD VH YORåLOD GR QHFHN D SĜLNU\OD VH SODFKWRX 3DQ ÄIDUiĜ³ POiGHQHF V QHMYČWãt
Y\ĜtGLONRX LQVFHQRYDO VPUW EDV\ 3ĜtWRPQL SR]ĤVWDOt SODNDOL QDG QHERåNRX 1DNRQHF VH EDVD
Y\QiãHOD QČNGH VH X EDV\ QD ]QDPHQt NRQFH ]iEDY\ SRYRORYDO\ VWUXQ\ 9ČWĜNRYLFNê IDUiĜ WHQ
SUDYêSRYDåRYDOFHOpWRWRGLYDGpONR]D]HVPČãQČQtSRKĜHEQtKRREĜDGXSURWRVHY WpWRYHVQLFLFHOê
REĜDGSRFKRYiQtEDV\RGHKUiYDOY XPtUQČQpPWyQX„HXGHEQtFLXYROQLOLQDEDVHVWUXQ\MH]GLOLSR
QLFKVP\þFHPDOHEDVDPOþHOD+XGHEQtFLQDGEDVRXKRĜFHSODNDOL- åHXPĜHOD,Y]DOLMLQDUDPHQa
D SRVWDYLOL ML GR NRXWD ViOX³ 12=iEDYD SRNUDþRYDOD Då GR SĤOQRFL „ale na popelec se
QHSĜHNURþLOR³ 13 3RWRPPRKODSURQpVWSRGYLKRYVNiGtYNDVORYa: 14
$OHWRMHSRVOHGQtYHãHORVĢEXGČSXVWEXGČ]DVY NDSFHGRVĢ
13
=$%,-$ý.$
-HGQRKRGQHSĜLãHOFKDVQtN
ĜH]QLFNpKRĜHPHVOD
1DGYRUHþNXVYLQL]DStFK
VYLQČDQLQHKOHVOD
9ČWĜNRYLFNê NURQLNiĜ EDUYLWČ SRSVDO
YHVQLFNRX]DELMDþNX +ROHþNXWHQNUiWbylo
v GRPČ YHVHOR -Lå VNRUR ]UiQD SĜLãHO
ĜH]QtN SĜHSiVDO VH EtORX ]iVWČURX D KDMG\
GR FKOtYND 8FKRSLO SUDVH ]D XFKR
a za KUR]QpKRNYLþHQtXUDåHQpKRSDãtND KR
Y\WiKO ] FKOtYND YHQ 3DN XFKRSLO SiGQRX
VHNHUX D WXSêP NRQFHP RFHOH YHSĜH EXFK
GRKODY\3UDVHVHWURFKX]DPRWDORQDPtVWČ
D SDN VL XOHKOR QD ]HP N YČþQpPX RGSRþLQNX ěH]QtN KRQHP RVWUê QĤå D StFK SUDVH GR NUNX
0DUMiQNDQDVWDYLODYHOLNRXPtVXDFK\WDODNUHYSRWĜHERYDODVHGRMHOLWDWODþHQN\
1\Qt QDVWDOD YHONi GĜLQD QČNROLN PXåĤ PXVHOR YHSĜH Y\]YHGQRXW Y]KĤUX DE\ KR ĜH]QtN PRKO
Y\NXFKDW D UR]þWYUWLW 3RQČYDGå ]DELMDþN\ VH RGEêYDO\ Y ]LPQt GREČ E\O ]DELWê YHSĜ SRYČãHQ
]D]DGQtQRK\QDKiNYHVWURSČY NXFK\QLQHERY MLQpPtVWQRVWL
=D FKYtOL E\O\ SRXåLWHOQp YQLWĜQRVWL YH ãNRSNX KODYD SUDVHWH RGĜH]iQD D YQLWĜQRVWL L V KODYRX
YDĜHQ\Y NRWOLMDNRSRWĜHEDQDMDWHUQLFHDMHOLWD$åVHPDVRXYDĜLORUR]VHNDOĜH]QtNPDVRVHNiþN\
SĜLGiYDO NURXS\ D NRĜHQt D ]DNUiWNR VH Y NRWOL YDĜLO\ MHOLWD D MDWHUQLþN\ 3ROpYND ] QLFK PČOD VLFH
QHSČNQp SRMPHQRYiQtSUGHODQNDDOHFKXWQDOD]QDPHQLWČ
-HOLWD MDWHUQLþN\ D NRXVN\ PDVD UR]QiãHO\ GČWL KRVSRGiĜH URGLQČ D ]QiPêP MDNR YêVOXåNX
YãXGHGRVWiYDO\VSURSLWQp- SHQt]H7DNRYpYêVOXåN\VWiO\NXVSUDVHWHDOHKRVSRGiĜGRVWiYDO]DVH
YêVOXåN\RGWČFKNWHUêPYêVOXåN\GiYDO- WDWRSR]RUQRVWVHWHG\YUDFHODGRGRPX]SČW
Špek a maso z SUDVHWH VH GDOR GR W]Y SDFX QD GHOãt GREX D SDN VH Y NRPtQČ XGLOR GĜHYHP
DMDORYFHPDE\YRQČOR
.RĜDONRXVHSĜL]DELMDþFHQHãHWĜLORDWDNE\ODY GRPČSRFHOê GHQYHVHOiQiODGD
7DN WR NURQLNiĜ YLGČO Y MLQêFK GČGLQiFK MDN WR GČODMt YH 9ČWĜNRYLFtFK QHYt QLNGR KR MHãWČ
QD]DELMDþNXQHSR]YDODQLQHSR]YH3URWRODVNDYČSURPLĖWHMHVWOLWX]DELMDþNXQHSRSVDOVSUiYQČ
14
Ò125- +5201,&(
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD+URPQLFH
Na Hromnice – SXOåLPQLFHSXONUDYQLFHSXONUDMLFHSXOVDQLFHSXOStFH.
7\WRDMLQpSUDQRVWLN\NWHUpVHYi]DO\N +URPQLFtPXND]RYDO\QDWRåH]LPDQHNRQþtåHURGLQ\
PXVHO\PtWMHãWČGRVWDWHN]iVRESURYODVWQtREåLYXLNUPHQtSURGRE\WHN -HQWRE\OR]iUXNRXSUR
ãĢDVWQpSĜHNRQiQtVWXGHQpKRDQHYOtGQpKRURþQtKRREGREt
9ãDNVHWDNpR+URPQLFtFKY GiYQpPLQXORVWLKUiO\KU\NWHUêPVHĜtNDORÄåDORVWQp³FKDQGHOHXU
2 WRPWR VYiWNX NUiþHOL OLGp GR NRVWHOĤ V YHOLNêPL VYtFHPL NWHUêP VH ĜtNDOR ÄKURPQLþN\³ 3R
SRVYČFHQtVH]DSDORYDO\SĜLERXĜLDE\GĤPRFKUiQLO\SĜHGEOHVN\
Z YODVWQtFKY]SRPtQHNYtPMDNERXĜHQDKiQČODKUĤ]XXPpEDELþN\Y 'RPRUDGRYLFtFK=DWtPFR
MVHPVHMDNRPDOêFKODSHFQDNOiQČO] RNQDVYČWQLFHDE\FKSRþtWDOEOHVN\QDREOR]HPiEDELþNDWLãH
QDSRVWHOLRGĜtNiYDOD2WþHQiãD=GUiYDV0DULD&tWLOMVHPREDY\PpPLORYDQpEDELþN\DĜtNDOMVHP
MtÄ1HERMVHEDELþNRWRMHMHQRPERXĜND³ &RMVHPYČGČORVWUDFKXåHQ\NWHUpRKHĖY PLQXORVWL
VSiOLOVWĜHFKXQDGKODYRX"
O HURPQLFtFKVHWDNpNRQDORSURFHVtYHNWHUpPE\O\SĜtWRPQ\LQHMYê]QDPQČMãtRVREQRVWL REFH
-HMLFKVYtFHSRFKi]HO\RGQHMOHSãtFKĜHPHVOQtNĤ
9 2NROt7ĜLQFHVHĜtNDOR
-DNQD+URPQLFH] GRFKXWHþH
WDNãH]LPDHãWČSĜLYOHþH 15
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQD+URPQLFH
6WUDFK\VHPČQt&RGČVLORQDãHEDELþN\DGČGHþN\QHPXVtGČVLWQiV1DãHGRPRY\
ãNRO\ L ãNRON\ MVRX GQHV FKUiQČQ\ KURPRVYRG\ 3ĜHVWR MH ERXĜND GR GQHãQtFK GQĤ
KODYQČ SUR GČWL IDVFLQXMtFtP SĜHGVWDYHQtP =YOiãWČ KURP NWHUê DNXVWLFN\ GRSURYi]t
EOHVN GRNiåH L GQHV Y\GČVLW 9tWH åH ÄYLGt-OL SR]RURYDWHO åH VH QČNGH ]DEOHVNOR D XVO\ãt-OL
QiVOHGQČVH]SRåGČQtPKURPPĤåH]H]QDORVWLU\FKORVWLãtĜHQt]YXNXRGKDGQRXWMDNGDOHNRRGQČM
N EOHVNX GRãOR" %OHVN XKRGLO RG SR]RURYDWHOH YH Y]GiOHQRVWL MHGQRKR NLORPHWUX VO\ãt-OL KURP SR
QHFHOêFKWĜHFKVHNXQGiFK“ 16
3RYtGHMWHVLV GČWPLþHKRVHERMtRQ\.G\åVLN WRPXY\WYRĜtWHQDYtFSĜtKRGQRXDWPRVIpUXNG\
Y SRGYHþHU ]KDVQHWH YãHFKQD VYČWOD D SĜLVYtWtWH VL VYtþNDPL PRåQi GR GČWt ]DVHMHWH
QH]DSRPHQXWHOQpFKYtOH-HWROLNYČFtNWHUêFK VH GČWL MHãWČ ERMtXNDåWHMLPåHLGRVSČOtPDMtVYp
ÄEXEiN\³ 0tW ] QČþHKR VWUDFK QHQt RVWXGRX 9 NQL]H PpKR GČWVWYt 'YD GLYRãL ĜHNO VWDUê &DOHE
Ä9RGYDKDQHMQLY WRPåHVHQHERMtãDOHY WRPåHMGHãLNG\åVHERMtãDWDN YRNiåHãåHVYĤMVWUDFK
SĜHNRQiã³ 17 +OHGHMWHVSROHþQČĜHãHQtMDNE\GČWLPRKO\VYĤMVWUDFKSĜHNRQDW
Ò125– SVATÁ HÁTA
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX+iWX
2 VYiWNX VYDWp +iW\ GQHV VYiWHN 'REURPLO\ KRVSRG\QČ VYČFHQRX YRGRX NURSLO\ ]DKUDGX Äby
FKUREiFL QHãNRGLOL³ QHER UR]KD]RYDO\ SR ]DKUDGČ FKOHERYp GUREN\ 7på VH MHGO VYČFHQê FKOpE
NWHUêVH]DStMHOVYČFHQRXYRGRXětNDORVH 18
6YDWD+DWD
UR]SXãþD]YtĜDWD
$YH9iYURYLFtFKSURWLKDGtPXXãWNQXWtSURVLOL+iWXVORY\
6YDWD$JDWNR]DYĜLVYRMH]YLĜatko,
DE\SRNRMGDORDQDVQHãþLSDOR
3URWLSROQtPãNĤGFĤPVHVYČFHQRXYRGRXNURSLOD]DKUDGDLSROHYHVWDYHQtKRVSRG\QČ]DĜtNiYDOD
SHFDE\RKHĖ] QtQHY\ãHO=NUiWNDDE\Y GRPČQHKRĜHOR
15
Ò125– 69$7È'2527$
6YDWi'RURWD
6YDWi 'RURWD åLOD YH VWROHWt ]D YOiG\ NUiOH
6DSULFLa Y .DSSDGRFLL GQHãQt 7XUHFNR /HJHQGD
Y\SUiYtåH'RURWDE\ODYHOPLSRKOHGQiåHQDNWHUi
Y]EX]RYDOD YHONê ]iMHP X PXåĤ %\OD KOXERFH
YČĜtFt D SUR YtUX Y .ULVWD RGPtWOD L ERKDWpKR
SDQRYQtND 0RFQê YOiGFH 6DSULFLXV VYČĜLO
VY 'RURWX MHMtP GYČPD VHVWUiP NWHUp RGVWRXSLO\
RG.ULVWD'RXIDOåHSĜLPČMt'RURWXY]GiWVHYtU\
Y%RKD2SDNE\ODOHSUDYGRX6HWNiQtRERXVHVWHU
VH VYDWRX 'RURWRX RSČW QDSRPRKOR N MHMLFK
RGHY]GiQtVH.ULVWX7RSRERXĜLORPRFQpKRYOiGFH
6DSULFLa QDWROLN åH VH UR]KRGO 'RURWLQ\ VHVWU\
SRWUHVWDWXSiOHQtP3R]GČML]DYtUXRGVRXGLONVPUWL
L VY 'RURWX 7UDGXMH VH åH NG\å ãOD 'RURWD QD
SRSUDYLãWČE\ODSOQiYtU\DRGKRGOiQt/LGHPNWHĜt
E\OL ~þDVWQL SRSUDY\ Y\SUiYČOD R UiML NGH NYHWRX
URVWOLQ\ a ]UDMHRYRFH
-DNêVL ĜHþQtN MPpQHP 7KHRILOXV VH Mt Y\VPtYDO
3RSLFKRYDO ML åH Då EXGH Y UiML X VYpKR åHQLFKD
QHPi ]DSRPHQRXW SRVODW mu UĤåH 3RSUDYD VH
SRGOH OHJHQG\ RGHKUiYDOD Y ]LPČ RNROt E\OR
]DV\SiQRVQČKHP6YDWi'RURWDVHSRFHORXGREX
N SRSUDYLãWL PRGOLOD -DNPLOH NDW 'RURWX SRSUDYLO ]MHYLOR VH QD QHEL GČĢiWNR NWHUp 7KHRILORYL
SRGDORNRãtNSOQêRYRFHDNYČWĤ7KHRILOXVSDGOQDNROHQDPRGOLOVHDVYĤMåLYRWRGHY]GDO%RKX
6YDWi 'RURWD MH SDWURQNRX ]DKUDGQtNĤ NYČWLQiĜHN D QHYČVW %êYi ]Qi]RUĖRYiQD V DQGČOHP
GtWČWHPRYRFHPNYČW\UĤåHPLþLYČQFHP
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX'RURWX
2 WRPWR VYiWNX FKRGtYDO\ GČWL SR REFKĤ]FH SĜL NWHUp ]Qi]RUĖRYDO\ 'RURWX NDWD NUiOH DQGČOD
DþHUWD6 NRQFHPVWROHWtYãDNW\WRREFKĤ]NRYpKU\SRVWXSQČ ]DQLNDO\DåY SUYQtFKGHVHWLOHWtFK
VWROHWt~SOQČY\PL]HO\
3tVQLþNX] +OXþtQVNDSĜLNWHUpY\VWXSRYDOD'RURWDNUiODNDW]D]QDPHQDOD/XGPLOD+RĜNi 19
%\ODVYDWD'RURWD
z SRERåQHKRåLYRWD
SĜHVNUDOXYGYXUFKRGLOD
krali se zalubila.
.UDOVHQDĖXUR]KQČYDO
GRROHMDVPDåLWGDO
þLPGHOHMVHVPDåLOD
WLPSĜHNUDVQČMãDE\OD
Ä&KFHã'RURWNRPRMXPE\Ģ
FKFHWLFHO\VYČWVOXåLĢ"³
Ä2KMDXåPDPMLQpKR
-HåLãNDSĜHPLOpKR³
Ä&KFHã'RURWNRPRMXPE\Ģ
FKFHWLFHO\VYČWVOXåLĢ"³
Ä2KMDXåPDPMLQpKR
-HåLãNDSĜHPLOpKR³
.UDOVHQDĖXUR]KQČYDO
KODYXPHþHPXWQXĢGDO
'RURWNDXåMHVĢDWD
GXãHGRQHEHY]DWD
16
3RGREQê WH[W REFKĤ]NRYp KU\ NWHUê VH RG SĜHGFKR]tKR OLãt MHQ QHSDWUQČ ]D]QDPHQDO -DQ
9\KOtGDO 6 'RURWRXMHMY PLQXORVWLUHFLWRYDOLMHãWČNDWDQGČOþHUWDNUiO
9ãLFKQL
%\ODVYDWD'RURWD
QiERåQpKRåLYRWD
âODRQDSĜHVNUiOĤYGYĤU
YRODOQDQLViPSDQNUĤO
.UiO6DSULFLXV
&KFHã'RURWNRPRMXPE\Ģ"
&KFHWLFHOêVYČWVOXåLĢ"
'RURWD
$FKXåMiPiPMLQpKR
-HåtãHNRFKDQpKR
9ãLFKQL
.UiOVHQDQLUR]KQČYDO
GRYČ]HQtYVDGLĢGDO
$QDYRMQXRGMHFKDO
VHGPOHWWDPERMRYDO
$QDRVPêSĜLMHFKDO
QD'RURWNXVHKQHGSWDO
ÄäLMHOHERQHåLMH"
AFKåLMHRQDåLMH³
'RURWND
.UiOL1HFKFXåiGQpKR
MiFKFX-HåtãNDVYpKR
6WtQDMNDWHPiãMLVĢDĢ
ERVHQHPRåXGLYDĢ
.UiO
9ãLFKQL
-Xå'RURWNDMHVWVĢDta,
GXãHGRQHEHY]DWD
2GPČQRX]D]D]StYiQtWpWROHJHQG\E\O\SURGČWLGUREQpSHQt]HDSRWUDYLQ\
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRVYiWNX'RURW\
3ĜtEČKVYDWp'RURW\MHLQVSLUXMtFtGRGQHãQtFKGQĤ-HWRSĜtEČKåHQ\NWHUiE\ODpro
VYpSĜHVYČGþHQtRFKRWQDL]HPĜtWI Y QDãtKLVWRULL]QiPH SĜtNODG\PXåĤDåHQNWHĜtSUR
VYp Qi]RU\ WUSČOL E\OL SHU]HNXRYiQL YČ]QČQL PXþHQL L XVPUFHQL 9]SRPHQHWH VL QD
QČNWHUp] QLFK"
9\GHMWH VH V GČWPL ]D SDPČWQtN\ NWHĜt YiP SRY\SUiYČMt ]iåLWN\ ] GUXKp VYČWRYp YiON\ 0RåQi
QDOH]QHWH RVRE\ NWHUp E\O\ SROLWLFNêPL YČ]QL Y REGREt WRWDOLW\ =HSWHMWH VH MLFK MDN E\OR SUR QČ
WČåNp SĜHNRQDW VNXWHþQRVW åH MVRX VWtKiQL QHVSUDYHGOLYČ -HVWOL EXGHWH PtW PRåQRVW SRĜLćWH VL
] WČFKWR UR]KRYRUĤ YLGHR QHER DXGLR QDKUiYNX 0ČMWH QD SDPČWL åH WLWR SDPČWQtFL ]GH QHEXGRX
YČþQČD]D]QDPHQDWMHMLFKSĜHVYČGþHQtDRGYDKXSURGDOãtJHQHUDFHMHWDNĜNDQDãtSRYLQQRVWt
17
%ě(=(1– 69$7éě(+2ě,9(/,.é
6YDWêěHKRĜ,9HOLNê
6YDWêěHKRĜ,9HOLNêVHQDURGLONROHPURNX
Y ětPČ D ]HPĜHO EĜH]QD URNX 7RKR GQH VL SĜLSRPtQi FtUNHY SDPiWNX SDSHåH
D XþLWHOH FtUNYH 6YDWê ěHKRĜ , SRFKi]HO ]H
VHQiWRUVNp URGLQ\ -HKR RWHF MH VY *RUGLDQ
D PDWND VY 6\OYLH ěHKRĜ E\O Y\FKRYiYiQ
Y ERKDERMQRVWL Y\VWXGRYDO SUiYD D Y ětPČ
]DVWiYDO ~ĜDG SUDHWRUD – QHMY\ããtKR ĜtPVNpKR
~ĜHGQtND 3R VPUWL VYpKR RWFH VH VWDO
SURSDJiWRUHP EHQHGLNWLQVNp ĜHKROH D ]DNOiGDO
NOiãWHU\ 9 ětPČ QHFKDO Y\EXGRYDW GDOãt
EHQHGLNWLQVNê NOiãWHU GRNRQFH ] URGLQQpKR
SDOiFH 9HONRX þiVW ]GČGČQpKR PDMHWNX UR]GDO
FKXGêP
3DSHå %HQHGLNW , VL MHM Y URFH Y\EUDO
MDNR VYpKR SRPRFQtND D Y\VYČWLO MHM ]D MiKQD
8åRGYDURN\SR]GČMLQRYêSDSHå3HODJLXV,,
MPHQRYDOěHKRĜHY\VODQFHPXFtVDĜVNpKRGYRUD
Y .RQVWDQWLQRSROL
.G\åY URFHY\SXNOYětPČPRUMHGQRX
] REČWtE\OLSDSHå3HODJLXV,,6YDWêěHKRĜE\O
MLåY QiVOHGXMtFtPURFHXVWDQRYHQSDSHåHP
NDWROLFNp FtUNYH 7UDGXMH VH åH ěHKRĜ ]SRþiWNXNODGORGSRUXVHGQRXWQDSDSHåVNêVWROHF ÒGDMQČ
QDSVDO GRSLV FtVDĜL 0DXULFLRYL YH NWHUpP MHM åiGDO DE\ FtVDĜ MHKR YROEX QHX]QDO 3URWRåH FtVDĜ
QHY\KRYČOMHKRåiGRVWLVYDWêěHKRĜ ,9HOLNêXSUFKODVNUêYDOVHY OHVtFKY QDGČMLåHVLOLG]YROt
MLQpKRSDSHåHětPDQpYãDNMHKRVNUêãY\SiWUDOLDSĜLYHGOLMHMQD]SČWGRětPD
6YDWê ěHKRĜ , 9HOLNê PČO PQRKHP YČWãt YOLY QD RFKUDQX ětPD SĜHG QHEH]SHþtP QHå ĜtPVNê
FtVDĜ NWHUê VtGOLO Y .RQVWDQWLQRSROL 9 GREČ NG\ JHUPiQãWt /DQJREDUGRYp SXVWRãLOL ]HPL QHFKDO
ěHKRĜ RSHYQLW PQRKi RKURåHQi PČVWD 9\QDORåLO REURYVNp ~VLOt SĜL PtURYêFK MHGQiQtFK
/DQJREDUGĤP NURPČGDUĤRGYiGČOLGDQČDE\ětPRFKUiQLOSĜHG]Ni]RX 7DN SRORåLO ]iNODG\ NH
VYČWVNpPRFLSDSHåVNp6OXåEDěHKRĜH,MHYê]QDPQiL MHKRVQDKRXSRNĜHVĢDQãWLW%ULWiQLL
6YpYê]QDPQpSRVWDYHQtY JDOHULL SDSHåĤYãDN ěHKRĜ]tVNDOSĜHGHYãtP ~SUDYRXERKRVOXåHEQpKR
ĜiGX RUJDQL]DFt OLWXUJLH D Y QHSRVOHGQt ĜDGČ L OLWXUJLFNpKR ]SČYX NWHUê GQHV ]QiPH MDNR W]Y
JUHJRULiQVNê FKRUiO , SURWR MH ěHKRĜ , 9HOLNê R]QDþRYiQ XþLWHOHP &tUNYH ěHKRĜ , MH SUYQtP
SDSHåHPNWHUêGRVWDOWLWXOÄ6OXåHEQtNVOXåHEQtNĤ%RåtFK³ODWLQVN\6HUYXV6HUYRUXP'HL
ěHKRĜ , 9HOLNê MH SDWURQHP KXGHEQtNĤ VWXGHQWĤ VERURYpKR D FKRUiOQtKR ]SČYX ]SČYiNĤ
]HGQtNĤ%êYi]REUD]RYiQV KROXELFtNQLKRXQHERWĜHEDVFKXGêPL
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKRěHKRĜH
EĜH]QD, QDVYiWHNěHKRĜH, VHY PLQXORVWLNRQDO\W]YĜHKRĜVNpNROHG\DWRQHMHQY QDãt]HPL
3ĤYRGQt FKR]HQt V ěHKRĜHP SUREtKDOR WDN åH XþLWHO FKRGLO V FKODSFL SĜHYOHþHQêPL ]D YRMiN\
ÄYHUERYDW³ QRYp ãNROiN\ 7ČPLWR REFKĤ]NDPL VH SĜLSRPtQDOR URGLþĤP L GČWHP MDN GĤOHåLWp MH
naYãWČYRYDWãNROXDXþLWVH
1D7ČãtQVNXFKRGLOLRWRPWRGQLWĜL*ĜHJRĜL-HGHQ] FKODSFĤE\OREOHþHQê]DELVNXSD]YOiãWČMHM
FKDUDNWHUL]RYDODY\VRNiELVNXSVNiþHSLFH9 +UþDYČREFL]QiPpSĜHGHYãtPWtPåHOHåtQDWURMPH]t
6OH]VND3ROVNDD6ORYHQVNDFKRGLOL*UHJRĜLGYD1RVLOLEĜt]NXR]GREHQRXEDUHYQêPLVWXKDPLQD
NWHUp E\O SĜLSHYQČQê NUDYVNê ]YRQHF 3ĜL REFKĤ]NiFK ]StYDOL StVQČ V FKDUDNWHUHP åiNRYVNêFK
NROHG 21 3URVLOLY QLFKRGDU\
18
323(/(ý1Ë67ě('$- 323(/(&
9 NDOHQGiĜL MVRX REY\NOH ]QDþHQ\ PČVtþQt Ii]H 1HGČOH SR ~SOĖNX NWHUê QDVWDQH SR MDUQt
URYQRGHQQRVWL WHG\ SR EĜH]QX MH QHGČOH YHOLNRQRþQt KRG %Råt YHOLNRQRþQt 2G WpWR QHGČOH
RGSRþtWiYiPH ]SČW ãHVW QHGČOt D GRVWDQHPH VH GR WêGQH Y QČPå ~WHUê ]YDQp 2VWDWN\ XNRQþt
PDVRSXVWD3RSHOHþQtVWĜHGRX– Popelcem – ]DþtQiSĤVW
.DPLOD6NRSRYi 22
2G 3RSHOHþQt VWĜHG\ SR KRG %Råt YHOLNRQRþQt, SR þW\ĜLFHW GQĤ QHGČOH VH GR SRVWX QHSRþtWi,
]DFKRYiYDOL VWDĜt 6OH]DQp SĜtVQČ SRVWQt GREX -Lå þDVQČ ]UiQD POþN\ NUiþHOL OLGp R 3RSHOFL GR
NRVWHOD -DNê WR UR]GtO SURWL EXMDUpPX YHVHOt NWHUp MDNR PiYQXWtP NRX]HOQpKR SURXWNX E\OR
XNRQþHQR R SĤOQRFL SĜHGHãOpKR GQH SRQRFQêP 9 NRVWHOH SDQ IDUiĜ YČĜtFtP Y\]QDþLO VYČFHQêP
SRSHOHPQDþHORNĜtåHNDSURQiãHOVORYDÄ3DPDWXMåHMVLSUDFKDYSUDFKVHREUiWtã³VURY*HQ
DQHER ÄýLĖSRNiQtDYČĜHYDQJHOLX³VURY0N
3RSHO E\O ]tVNDQê VSiOHQtP SRVYČFHQêFK MtYRYêFK UDWROHVWt ] .YČWQp QHGČOH PLQXOpKR URNX 1D
VODYHQt 3RSHOFH Y -DNXEþRYLFtFK Y]SRPtQi -DQ %HLQKDXHU 23 1D SRSHOHþQt VWĜHGX VH FKRGLOR GR
NRVWHOD YH 6NĜtSRYČ 6YČWLO\ VH ]GH NRþLþN\ D OtVNRYp KĤON\ = Y\VYČFHQêFK OtVNRYêFK KĤOHN VH
]KRWRYRYDO\ GRPD NĜtåN\ D SRVYČFHQêPL NRþLþNDPL VH ]DSLFKRYDO\ QD SROH V RELOtP DE\ ~URGD
QHE\OD RKURåHQD QČMDNRX SRKURPRX EOHVNHP NUXSRELWtP SĜtYDOHP YRG\ DSRG 9 GRPČ VH SDN
NRþLþN\GiYDO\QDGGYHĜHDE\FHOêGĤPE\OFKUiQČQSURWLEOHVNXSRåiUXDWG=iURYHĖVHY kostele
VYČWLODYRGDNWHURXVLNDåGê ViPGRQHVOYHYHONpNiGLQHERUĤ]QêFKQiGREiFK3RY\VYČFHQtVLYRGX
NDåGêYČĜtFtRGQHVOGRPĤ3DNVHYHQNXXNRVWHOD]DSiOLORKHĖSRPRFtNĜHVDGOD– bez zápalek. Pan
IDUiĜSRXåLOSRSHON R]QDþHQtNĜtåNĤQDþHORYČĜtFtFK
6YČFHQiYRGDVHGRPDRSDWURYDODSRFHOêURNVHVYtþNDPLNWHUpVHQD]êYDO\+URPQLþN\7RE\O\
GORXKpORMRYpQHERYRVNRYpVYtþN\NWHUpVH]DSDORYDO\SĜLXPtUiQtþOHQDURGLQ\SĜLERXĜLQHERMLQp
XGiORVWL 6YČFHQi YRGD VH SRXåtYDOD SĜL SRKĜEX QHER SĜL ORXþHQt VH ]HPĜHOêP QHER NG\å QČNWerý
z þOHQĤURGLQ\RGFKi]HOGRVYČWDDE\E\ORFKUiQČQSĜHGQHãWČVWtPURYQČåSĜLYtWiQtQRYRUR]HQČWH,
þLSĜLXGČORYiQtURGLþRYVNpKRSRåHKQiQtSĜLVYDWEČ
=H Y]SRPtQHN RWLFNpKR NURQLNiĜH )UDQWLãND 0DGHUD Y\SOêYi åH VH Y SRVWQtP REGREt YH VWĜHGX
a SiWHNQHVPČORMtVWPDVR.DåGêYHþHUVHYãLFKQLYHVWDYHQtPRGOLOLUĤåHQHFD]StYDOLStVQČSRVWQt
9HþHUVHQHY\FKi]HOR] GRPĤYêMLPNRXE\ODQHGČOHNG\VHMDNMHQDSViQRMLåYêãHSĤVWQHGUåHO
=YOiãWČ VH NURQLNiĜ ]PLĖXMH R ~MPČ PXåĤ 1HNRXĜLOL QHE QHSLOL OLKRYLQXQHE]ĜHNOLVHGREURYROQČ
RERXWČFKWRSRåLWNĤLKUDQtY karty. 24
23RSHOHþQtVWĜHGČXVHGDO\VHON\QDRãDWNX V YHMFLD NYRNDO\ -HMLFK SRþtQiQtPČOR EêW ]iUXNRX
]GUDYêFKNXĜDWDKRXVDW6QDGLRQ\EUDO\WHQWRRE\þHM]DVPČãQRX]iEDYXYHYiåQpSRVWQtGREČMDN
VHQiPMHYtGQHV
9 PLQXORVWLE\ORRGĜtNiQtVHRGWČOHVQêFKSRåLWNĤGRYiGČQRWDNĜNDGRGRNRQDORVWL-DQ9\KOtGDO
SRGUREQČSRSVDODVNHWLFNêMtGHOQtþHNVOH]VNpKROLGX
+RVSRG\QČ RGQHVO\ VWDUp QiGREt QD KĤUX D YDĜLO\ Y QRYpP QHQDþLFKOpP PDVHP 3R YãHFKQX
GREXSRVWQtPDVWLO\PiVOHPDROHMHP
K VQtGDQL YDĜtYiVHÄNDID³ÄYRGLQND³ÄYRćDĖND³3ROpYN\YRGLQND þL YRćDQND YDĜt VH ] YRG\
DFKOHED7påVHMtGiÄNDSDOND³V\URYiWNDV EUDPERU\V\URYp]HOt
1DREČGPtYDMtUR]PDQLWRXSROpYNXPiþNX– ãLPOHQXV KDOHþNDPLMHþQêPLQHERNDãLYRNUXSRYt
ãWtUNX
K YHþHĜLVHSRMtNXVFKOHEDV KRPXONRXEXćFKOpEV YHMFLNRE]ROHSRPtãDQpNUXSLFDSRVSĤOND
SHþN\QHEåXUHN 25
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL - 0iSĤVWPtVWRLY GQHãQtGREČ"
'ĜtYHQHåOLVHSRNXVtPHV GČWPLQDMtWRGSRYČćQDYêãHSRORåHQRXRWi]NXMHGREUpVL
YĤEHFĜtFLFRMHWRSĤVW3ĤVWPĤåHPtWSRGREXQHGREURYROQpKRKODGRYČQtLYČGRPpKR
D]iPČUQpKRRGĜtNiQt'ĤYRG\SURþGUåHWSĤVWQHPXVtEêWSRX]HQiERåHQVNp0QR]t
VHSRVWt] GĤYRGĤ]GUDYRWQtFKþLHVWHWLFNêFK3ĤVWVORXåtSURRþLVWXWČODLGXãH
19
$ þHKR VH PĤåHPH Y GQHãQtGREČGREURYROQČ ]ĜtFL".URPČMtGODQHERQČNWHUpMHKRþiVWLWĜHED
VODGNRVWtLWHOHYL]HIDFHERRNXQHERMLQêFKY\PRåHQRVWtPRGHUQtGRE\
â(6732671Ë&+1('ċ/Ë
2G 3RSHOHþQt VWĜHG\ SR 9HOLNRQRFH QiVOHGXMH SRVWQtFK QHGČOt SRVWQt QHGČOH .YČWQi MH MLå
VRXþiVWt3DãLMRYpKRQHEROL6YDWpKRWêGQH
1QHGČOHSRVWQt- 3XþiONDQHEROL3\WORYi
+RVSRG\QČ SĜLSUDYRYDO\ SRNUP ] QDSXþHQpKR WHG\ QDNOtþHQpKR RVPDåHQpKR D RFKXFHQpKR
KUDFKX /Lãþt QHGČOH VH WRPXWR GQL QČNGH ĜtNDOR SRGOH ]Y\NX NG\ VH ] N\QXWpKR QHER
SUHFOtNRYpKR WČVWD SĜLSUDYRYDOR SHþLYR NWHUp VH YČãHOR SR VWURPHFK NROHP GRPX 5iQR VH GČWL
SRVtODO\GR]DKUDG\DE\VHSRGtYDO\FRMLPOLãNDQDGČOLOD
QHGČOHSRVWQt- ýHUQiQHERWDNp3UDåQi
6QDG WPDYp ãDW\ NWHUp VL OLGp REOpNDOL WRKR GQH QD VHEH GDO\ Qi]HY WpWR GUXKp SRVWQt QHGČOL
1DNOtþHQp RELOt QHMþDVWČML MHþPHQQp VH SR SUDVWDUpP ]SĤVREX SUDåLOR W]Y pUDåPD .G\å VH
XSUDåHQpRELOtUR]HWĜHORSRVORXåLORLN SĜtSUDYČSROpYN\
QHGČOHSRVWQt– .êFKDYná
8å RG VWĜHGRYČNX E\O\ R WpWR QHGČOL NRQiQ\ERKRVOXåE\]DRGYUiFHQtPRUX0RUVe Y SRþiWHþQt
Ii]L SURMHYRYDO KODVLWêP NêFKiQtP /LGp SURWR SĜL NêFKQXWt SRXåtYDOL UþHQt ÄSRPiKHM 3iQ %ĤK“
QHER WDNp SURVWp Ä]GUDYtþNR³ , NG\å QiP GQHV FK\Et SRYČGRPt SURþ VH WDWR UþHQt SURQiãHMt
SRXåtYiPHMHLP\
9 PLQXORVWLVHYČĜLORåHNROLNUiWþORYČNWRKRGQHNêFKQHWROLNGDOãtFKOHWEXGHåtW
QHGČOHSRVWQt- 'UXåHEQi
-DNêMHWRGUXåEDQHFEH]NRĜHQtEH]YDMHF
GHMWHSDQLPDPRSiUYDMHF 26
'UXåEDQFH NROiþH VH SRGiYDO\ QD WDQHþQt ]iEDYČ
NWHUiVHNRQDODY REFL SRX]H]DEtOpKRGQH%ČKHPQt
GČYþDWDSURMHYRYDODQiNORQRVWNHVYêPKRFKĤP
-LQp Y\VYČWOHQt SUR SRMPHQRYiQt WpWR SRVWQt QHGČOH
VRXYLVt V UROt GUXåE\ 'UXåED þORYČN NWHUê PČO QD
VWDURVWL SĜtSUDYX D VDPRWQRX RUJDQL]DFL VYDWE\
SĜLFKi]HOVHåHQLFKHPGRVWDYHQtQDGFKi]HMtFtQHYČVW\
DE\ Y\MHGQDO V MHMtPL URGLþL GĤOHåLWp SRGUREQRVWL
EXGRXFtYHVHON\
9HOHEQêSDQHKXVX vám nesu.
-iE\FKVHYGiYDODFHOiVHWĜHVX
9HOHEQêSDQHMiFKFLPtWPXåH
-iYiPGiPQiGDYNHP
NDFKQXDNXĜH
.DFKQXDNXĜHGYČKURXG\PiVOD
-iE\FKVHYGiYDOD
DåE\FKVHWĜiVOD«
6YDWHEQtSHþLYR5RåQRYSRG5DGKRãWČP
QHGČOHSRVWQt- 6PUWQi
.RQHþQČ SĜLFKi]HOR MDUR 1D YUEiFK NROHP SRWRND UR]NYHWO\ NRþLþN\ QD OXNiFK VQČåHQN\
DSHWUNOtþH7RMLåE\O\VYiWN\YHOLNRQRþQt]DGYHĜPL.
Z 9ČWĜNRYLFNpNURQLN\
/DWLQVNêQi]HYWpWRQHGČOHMH-XGLFD,XGLFDPH'HXV
=MHGQHM PL SUiYR %RåH /LGRYp SRMPHQRYiQt VH
Y UĤ]QêFK þiVWHFK 6OH]VND OLãt 1D 2SDYVNX D Y 3RUXEČ
VH QHGČOL ĜtNDOR ÄVPUWQi³ Y ýHVNpP 7ČãtQČ ÄþHUQi³
'ČYþDWD EČKHP VPUWQp QHGČOH Y\QiãHOD ]D GČGLQX
0DĜHQX 0DĜLQX 6PUWNX QHER WDNp 6PUWQLFL NWHUi
EêYDOD YČWãLQRX Y\UREHQD ]H VOiP\ GRãNX -HMt
Yê]GRED VH OLãLOD YHVQLFL RG YHVQLFH 1ČNGH VH 0DĜHQD
REOpNDODGRVYDWHEQtFKãDWĤRGSRVOHGQtQHYČVW\Y REFL
MLQGH VH REOpNOD GR EtOp KDOHQN\ D VXNQČ QD KODYX pak
GRVWDOD ãiWHN QHEROL karkulku a nDYUFK MHãWČ YČQHF
9 QČNWHUêFK YHVQLFtFK GRVWiYDOD 0DĜHQD QiKUGHOQtN
] YDMtþHN 3URWLSyOHP 0DĜHQ\ SDN QČNGH EêYDO 0DĜRFK
/XNDYHF 6PUĢXFK 5DGXĖ 0UYLRFKD .REHĜLFH
NWHUpKR QDRSDN Y\QiãHOL FKODSFL 0DĜHQD MH YQtPiQD
MDNRSĜHGVWDYLWHONDVPUWLQČNG\MDNRV\PERO]LP\-HMt
Y\QHVHQt ] YHVQLFH QiVOHGQp XSiOHQt NDPHQRYiQt
UR]WUKiQt QHMþDVWČML YãDN YKR]HQt GR YRG\ V\PEROL]XMH
Y\SX]HQt VPUWL D ]LP\ ]H YVL -HGQi VH R SUDVWDUê
SRKDQVNê]Y\NVHNWHUêPFtUNHYSRPQRKiVWDOHWtYHGOD
ÄERM³3RGOHSĜtVORYtÄQHMOHSãtREUDQDMH~WRN³VHY MHGQp
GREČ ]DFKRYDOD L QiERåHQVNi REHF NG\å SRGOH ýHĖND
9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\åLPURYVNêPLGČWPL
=tEUWDSĜLãODV YêNODGHPåHY\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\]DYHVQLFL
MHV\PEROHPSURUR]ORXþHQtVHV SRKDQVNêPLPRGODPLDSĜLMHWtPNĜHVĢDQVWYt
3URWLSyOHP N REĜDGX Y\QiãHQt VPUWL E\OR QiVOHGQp SĜLQiãHQt OpWD – OtWD GR YVL /tWR OtWHþNR
PiMtþHN EêYDO QHMþDVWČML YUãHN ] PDOpKR VPUþNX QHER MHGOLþN\ QČNG\ MtYRYi UDWROHVW R]GREHQi
EDUHYQêPL SDStUN\ VWXKDPL Y\IRXNOêPL YHMFL 9 QČNWHUêFK YHVQLFtFK QD 2SDYVNX VH GR YVL
SĜLYiGČO\GYČGČWLSĜHYOHþHQp]DåHQLFKDDQHYČVWX-HMLFKPOiGtSĜHGVWDYRYDORåLYRW]GUDYtDMDUR
9 2SDYVNpP 6OH]VNX VH SR GORXKRX GREX ]DFKRYDO WHQWR VWDURE\Oê ]Y\N 7HSUYH RG SRORYLQ\
PLQXOpKRVWROHWtGRãORN PDVLYQtPX~VWXSXREĜDGXY\QiãHQtVPUWLYČWãLQRXGRãOR k ~SOQpPX]iQLNX
WpWRWUDGLFH
9 5DGXQLGČYþDWDQRVtYDODQDVWURMHQRX0DĜHQXNWHUiE\ODQDVD]HQDQDVWDUpPUêåRYpPNRãWČWL
2GČQDE\ODY EtOpNUDMNRYpVXNQLNROHPSDVXPČODPRGURXVWXKXQHVFKi]HODQLYČQHFQDKODYČVH
]iYRMHP 27 -DQ 9\KOtGDO 28 SRSLVXMH MDN UDGXĖãWt FKODSFL SĜLSUDYRYDOL 0DĜRFKD Ä= GRãND XNURXWt
SRGREXFKODSD]DREOLþHMGiVHODUYDGRKXE\IDMINXQHERGRXWQtNQDKODYXþDSNXQHEREDUDQLFL
þL F\OLQGU REOHNRX FKODSD GR NDEiWX NDOKRW QD UXFH QDYOHNRX UXNDYLþN\ D GR SUDYp UXN\ VWUþt
ãDEOXSĜHVSUVDSĜLSQRXSiV]H]ODWpKRSDStUXDSĜLSQRXQDQČQČNROLNPHWiOĤ³%\OR]Y\NHPåH
SUĤYRG GČWt QHMGĜtYH ]DPtĜLO Y 5DGXQL N ]iPNX SRWp VH Y\GDO QD IDUX N KiMHQFH D QDNRQHF GR
]E\WNXYHVQLFH7UDGLFHYHYHVQLFL]DQLNODSRGUXKpVYČWRYpYiOFH
0DĜRFKYH6ODYNRYČ E\OREOHþHQêFHOêY þHUQpPQDKODYČPtYDOVODPČQêNORERXN 'ČWLSĜLREĜDGX
]StYDO\
.UDVQD.UDVQDNDMVLKXV\SiVOD"
$MDVHPMLFKSiVODNDMVH]HPČWĜiVOD
%LOD%LODNDMVLNOXþHGtOD"
9 NRPRĜLFLQDSROLFLWDPVHPMLFKKRGLOD
'tWN\GtWN\SĤMåGČP\QDNYtWN\
VHGQČPYHGOHFHVW\EXGåHPNRODþHSHFL
-DNHMDNH"6DPHPDNRYDQp
D]DGYČQHGåHOHVDPHWYDURKRYH 29
21
9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\Y .DMORYFLY URFH 30
V KajloYFLY URFH 31
3R]RUXKRGQiWUDGLFHY\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\VH]DFKRYDODY REFL.DMORYFL QD2SDYVNX-HQV YêMLPNRX
QČNROLNDPiOROHWVH Y GČGLQČY\Qiãt0DĜHQDV 0DĜRFKHPGRGQHãQtFKGQĤ 1HQtSRFK\ERWRPåH
VHWHQWRSRKDQVNê]Y\NXGUåRYDOYHYVL]DSUYQtUHSXEOLN\DOHMDNGRORåLOKUDGHFNêNURQLNiĜ0DUWLQ
6RVQDKQHGYSUYQtPURFHSRYiOFH]D]QDPHQDOXþLWHO5XGROI([QHUY REHFQtNURQLFHåHMLåWêGHQ
SĜHG VPUWQRX QHGČOt ãNROQt GČWL SĜLSUDYRYDO\ V\PERO\ ]LP\ Ä0DĜiND³ D Ä0DĜHQX³ QD MHMLFK
SRVOHGQtFHVWXGČGLQRX6DPRWQêDNWY\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\ SDQXþLWHO([QHUSRSVDOWDNWR
Ä$ WDN NUiWFH SR SROHGQL Y\QRĜt VH ] GROQtKR NRQFH YHVQLFH KHMQR GČWt XURYQDQêFK GR SHVWUpKR
SUĤYRGX'ČYþDWDQHVRXQDGORXKpW\þL0DĜiNDFKODSFL0DĜHQXQHERQDRSDN=DYHVHOpKRNĜLNX
]SČYX D MiVRWX SURFKi]HMt YHVQLFt 7R VH N QLP MLå WDNp SĜLGiYDMt RVWDWQt GČWL POiGHå L GRVSČOt
] .DMORYFH D ] +UDGFH L MLQêFK YHVQLF WDNåH SUĤYRG L NG\å QHXVSRĜiGDQê URVWH D PRKXWQt =D
YHVQLFtXKiMRYQ\VHV\PERO\]LP\VSiOtDQDMHMLFKPtVWRQDVWRXStRIiERURYDQêVWURPHþHN– symbol
jara – D QČNROLN GUXåLþHN QHYČVWD åHQLFK D MLQp QHXUþLWp ILJXUN\ YHGRX SUĤYRG ]SČW GR YVL 3ĜHG
RGFKRGHP SURGiYDMt GČWL IiERUN\ SHVWUêFK EDUHY NWHUp RåLYt SUĤYRG D GČWHP ]YČWãt MHMLFK UDGRVW
1D]SiWHþQtFHVWČ]StYDMtGČWLStVHĖÃ3ĜLMGHMDUR«µ“. 9 URFHVHGRNRQFHYHVQLFtWiKOSUĤYRG
þtWDMtFtSĜLEOLåQČWLVtFOLGt
'tYN\SĜLY\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\UHFLWRYDO\
1ČVHPNRVXPVPUWQLFXP
NGRQiPMXSĜLVWURMLO"
7\NDMORYVNpGČYþDWD
QDYD]DO\ãĖĤUHþHN
]HVDPpKR]ODWD
&KODSFLGtYNiPGRMHMLFK]SČYXãNRGROLEČSRNĜLNRYDOL Ä]HVDPpKREODWD³ 32
$ãNiGOHQtFKODSFĤSRNUDþRYDORLGiOHNG\åEČKHPSUĤYRGX]DþDOLVYêP0DĜiNHPÄREWČåRYDW³
0DĜHQXÄ7HQ6PUGåXFKG\FN\EXFKDOGRWHM0DĜHQ\DGåHYXFK\SODNDO\åHMXSRPDåH³ 33 1HE\OR
VHþHPXGLYLWåHGČYþDWDQHVWiODRSROLEN\0DĜiND9åG\ĢWHQE\OQDVWURMHQYåG\WDNDE\SĤVRELO
22
MDNR ÄIXULDQW³ =iSODWRYDQp ãDW\ Y NDSVH OiKHY DONRKROX Y UXFH QRYLQ\ D QD EĜLãH L QD ]iGHFK
SĜLSHYQČQRX FHGXOL V QiSLVHP Ä+OHGiP åHQX VYRX 0DĜHQX³ 7DWR FHGXOH MH SDWUQi L QD QHSĜtOLã
]DFKRYDOp IRWRJUDILL ] URNX D FR MH MHãWČ ]DMtPDYČMãt SRGREQRX FHGXONX QHVO L 0DĜiN
Y SUĤYRGXROHWSR]GČML-HVWOLVHVKRGRYDOLQiSLVVHY REHFQtFK]iSLVHFKQHStãH
-LQRXYHU]LStVQČNWHUiVH]StYDODSĜLY\QiãHQtVPUWL]HYVL]D]QDPHQDOD9ODVWD.XUNRYi 34
$NGRQiPMXQDVWURMLO
W\NDMORYVNpGČYþDWD
QDYD]DO\ãĖĤUHþHN
]HVDPpKR]ODWD
$9ODVWD.XUNRYiGiOH]D]QDPHQDODÄ2KHĖGRKRĜHOD]GiORVH
åH MH YãH X NRQFH 7X YãDN ] KiMRYQ\ NDP VH XFKêOLOD 0DĜHQD
Y\ãHOQRYêSUĤYRG– GYDR]GREHQpPiMtþN\PH]LQLPLåNUiþHODEtOH
RGČQi QHYČVWD SRG NYČWLQRYêP REORXNHP D ]D Qt GUXåLþN\ URYQČå
s UĤåRYêPLNYČWLQRYêPLREORXþN\$SRERNQHYČVWČ– QRYpPXMDUX
– VHSĜLGUXåLOLåHQLFK&HOêSUĤYRGNUiþHO]D]SČYX]SČWGRVWĜHGX
vesnice.“
,EČKHPKOXERNpWRWDOLW\DåGRURNXRUJDQL]RYDODYHYHVQLFL
VODYQRVW Y\QiãHQt 0DĜHQ\ XþLWHOND Anna %iURYi YH VSROXSUiFL
V PtVWQt RUJDQL]DFt VYD]iNĤ O VHGP OHW SR]GČML VH R REQRYHQt
WUDGLFH ]DVORXåLO\ XþLWHON\ ] PDWHĜVNp ãNRO\ 'DQXãH ýHUPiNRYi
3ĜLQiãHQtPiMtþNX.DMORYHF
a -DQD ýHUQtQRYi 3UYQt ]PtQČQD SHGDJRåND ] Y\SUiYČQt SDPČWQtNĤ] QiURGRSLVQêFK]GURMĤDþiVWHþQČL] YODVWQtWYRUE\VHVWDYLODSiVPR9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\NWHUp
VH RG URNX SUDYLGHOQČ RSDNXMH QD VPUWQRX QHGČOL Då GR GQHãQtFK GQĤ 9 REFL VWURMt 0DĜHQX
a PXåVNpKR SURWČMãND 0DĜiND NWHUp GČWL ]H ãNRON\ VH VYêPL XþLWHONDPL ]D GRSURYRGX KDVLþĤ ]H
6'+.DMORYHFY\SURYi]HMtQDNRQHFREFH%ČKHPWpWRFHVW\UHFLWXMtD]StYDMtQiVOHGXMtFtWH[W\
0DĜHQR]OiåHQRXåĢDY\QiãiPH0DĜHQR]OiåHQRXåQHEXGHãV náma.
6PUWNRVPUWNREtOiNGHVWDNGORXKRE\OD"
8VWXGiQN\XVWXGiQN\UXFHQRK\P\OD
6PUWNRVPUWNREtOiþtPVMHXWtUDOD"
=HOHQêPOtVWHþNHPþHUYHQêPNYtWHþNHP
20DĜiNX0DĜiNXWYĤMNRQHFVHEOtåt
GRRKQČWČKRGtPH DĢQiVQLFQHWtåt
$åWČFHORXVSiOtPHSDNWL]D]StYiPH
]LPDRGQiVRGHMGHMDURSĜLYtWiPH
3tVHĖQDPHORGLL1DWRPSUDåVNpPPRVWČ
3ĜLãORMDURGRYVLNGHMVL]LPRNGHMVL"
%\OD]LPDPH]LQiPDDWHćXåMH]DKRUDPD
+XKXKXMDURXåMHWX
23
6PUWQiQHGČOHNGHVNOtþHGDOD"
'DODMVHPMHGDODNYČWQpQHGČOL
.YČWQiQHGČOHNGHVNOtþHGDOD"
'DODMVHPMHGDODNYČWQêPSRQGČONĤP
.YČWQêSRQGČONXNGHVNOtþHSRGČO"
3RGČOMVHPMHSRGČO=HOHQêPþWYUWNĤP
3RGČOMVHPMHSRGČOVYDWpPX-LĜt
6YDWê-LĜtYVWDO]HPLRGP\NDO
aby rostla tráva, tráva zelená
a z QtY\NYHWODEtOiOHOXMD
KHMQiPKHMEtOiOHOXMD
0DĜHQR0DĜHQRNDPMVLNOtþHGDOD"
'DODMVHPMHGDODVYDWpPX-LĜtDE\QiPRWHYĜHOGRUiMHGYHĜt
'DODMVHPMHGDODVYDWpPX-iQXDE\QiPRWHYĜHOGRQHEHEUiQX
1HVHP\0DĜHQXY ROHMLVPDåHQXXYUFKXþHUYHQXXVSRGNX]HOHQX
SČNQXSČNQXSUREČOHQX
Nesem babu v NRãLVPUWQiVRĖXSURVL8å0DĜHQDOHåtD]XEDPD
ãNHĜt
+HORKHORKHOR KHOR
6 þHUYHQêPLYHMFL
s åOXWêPLPD]DQFL
-DNHMMHWRPD]DQHF
EH]NRĜHQtEH]YDMHF
6PUWQHVHP]HYVL
QRYpOpWRGRYVL
EXćWHSiQLYHVHOt
åHYiPOpWRQHVHP\
Nesu, nesu smrtku
k ]HOHQpPXþWYUWNX
$åWXVPUWNXRGQHVX
QRYpOpWRSĜLQHVX
1DNRQFLYHVQLFHKDVLþL0DĜHQXV 0DĜRFKHPVSiOt]D]SČYXStVQČ
0DĜiNDXåSiOtPH
XåMHMHKRNRQHF
2GUDGRVWL]YRQtPH
QDWHQMDUQt]YRQHF
3tVHĖQDPHORGLL6HGtOLãNDSRGGXEHP
1DVWiYi QHMSRHWLþWČMãt þiVW VODYQRVWL 'YČ GČWL ] PDWHĜVNp ãNRON\ SĜHYOHþHQp ]D åHQLFKD
V QHYČVWRXMDNRV\PERO QDVWiYDMtFtKRMDUDPODGRVWLD]GUDYtMVRXQDÄNRþiĜH³Y\SURYi]HQp
]SČWREFt.RþiUMHY\WYRĜHQê] PDOpKRåHEĜLĖiNXYHSĜHGXMHVW\OL]RYDQêNRQtN]DNRþiUHm
MHPDOLQNêPiMtþHNÄ.RþiU³MHR]GREHQê EDUHYQêPLIiERUN\DVWXKDPL3ĜHGNRþiUHPQHVRX
KDVLþLGRYVLGYČVPUNRYpPiMN\R]GREHQpSHQWOHPL
24
3UĤYRGV 0DĜHQRXD0DĜDNHP.DMORYHF
1iYUDWåHQLFKDV QHYČVWRXGRYVL.DMORYHF
%ČKHPFHVW\SUĤYRGUHFLWXMHD]StYiRVODYQpStVQČN SĜtFKRGXMDUD
0DĜiNDMVPHVSiOLOLXåMHMHKRNRQHF
PiMtþHNQHVHPHDNGRKRQDVWURMLO
7\NDMORYVNpGČYXFK\QDYi]DO\ãĖĤUHþHN
]HVDPpKR]HVDPpKR]HVDPpKR]ODWD
'tWN\GtWN\SĤMGHPHQDW\MDUQtNYtWN\
DåSĤMGHPH] NYtWHNEXGHPSpFWNROiþH
-DNpMDNpMDNpVDPpPDNRYp
RGGQHVNDMãND]DþWUQiFWGQtVDPpWYDURKRYp
3tVHĖQDPHORGLL1DWRPSUDåVNêPPRVWČ
.UiVQiNUiVQiNDMVLKXV\SiVOD"
1D]HOHQHMO~FH]WUDWLODSDSXþH
3ĜLãODGRPĤV SOiþHPGRVWDODNDUEiþHP
2GPDPLþN\EĤWHPRGWDWtþNDSUĤWHP
%XćWHSiQLYHVHOtQDWX6PUWQRXQHGČOL
6PUWMVPHYiPRGQHVO\QRYpOpWRSĜLQHVO\
9tWHMOpWROtEH]QpRELOtþNR]HOHQp
0iMtþHNPiMtþHN]HOHQêPiMtþHN
NGRåHKRSRVWDYLOãYDUQêãRKDMtþHN
+HOHQD 6DOLFKRYi YH VYêFK Y]SRPtQNiFK 35 SRSLVXMH Y\QiãHQt 0DĜHQ\ Y .\MRYLFtFK QD SĜHORPX
DVWROHWt Ä3ĜLãODÄNUDVQD³DGČWLVWURMLO\YHVWRGROHPDĜHQX%\OWRVODPČQêYtFKQDVWURMHQê
v KDGU\DQDVWUþHQêQDKROLNWHUêPOiGHåVH]SČYHPDKDODVHPY\QiãHOD] GČGLQ\YHQDKRGLODGo
SRWRND .G\å VH WDNWR XWRSLOD ]LPD ãO\ GČWL GR OHVD SUR PiMtþHN D MDUR VH VODYQRVWQČ YQHVOR GR
GČGLQ\ 'ČWLSDNFKRGLO\V PiMtþNHPRYČãHQêPVWXKDPL] þHUYHQpKRDPRGUpKRSDStUXRGFKDOXS\
k FKDOXSČDXGYHĜt]StYDO\
.UDVQDNUDVQDNDMVLKXãLSDVOD"
1D]HOHQHMOXFH]WUDWLODVHPNOXþH
SĜLãODGRGRPV SODþHP
GRVWDODNDUEDþHP
RGWDWLþNDEXWHP
RGPDWLþN\SUXWHP
RGVWU\NDSDSXþHP³
25
Z Y\SUiYČQt URGDþHN ] 'RPRUDGRYLF SDQt ýHUQp D 6HGOiþNRYp VH GRYtGiPH MDN VODYLO\ GČWL
VPUWQRXQHGČOLYHYHVQLFLMHãWČY SRORYLQČPLQXOpKRVWROHWt3URWRåHE\ORWČVQČSRYiOFHDãHWĜLORVH
RSUDYGXYãtP 0DĜHQDVHSRNDåGp XFKRYiYDOD SUR SĜtãWt URN 6ODPČQiSDQQDPČODSOiWČQRXKODYX
V PDORYDQêP REOLþHMHP D V YODV\ XSOHWHQêPL ] NRXGHOH 1D VREČ PČOD EtORX KDOHQX V UXNiY\ RG
SDVX GROĤ SDN EtORX VXNQL SĜHV NWHURX E\O\ SĜHYi]DQp EDUHYQp VWXK\ 0XåVNê VODPČQê SURWČMãHN
6PUćXFKE\OREOHþHQêGRNDOKRWDNDEiWNX&KODSFLMHM]HYVLY\QiãHOLQDW\þL
2GKRUQtKRNRQFHYHVQLFHSURFKi]HOSUĤYRGGČWtSRKODYQtFHVWČQDVSRGQtRNUDMREFHYSĜHGXãOL
FKODSFLVH6PUćXFKHP]DQLPLQHVODGČYþDWD0DĜHQX&KODSFL]StYDOL
2QGUDãHQHPW\VHUR]YDå
NHUXPFHVWXPSĤMGHã
SĤMGHã-OLGROLQXP
GRVWDQHãFKRMLQXP
SĤMGHã-li kopcem,
GRVWDQHãMDORYFHP
6OXåLO-XUDXNRFXUD
Y\VORXåLOVLãDW\
KDEiWQRYêSDStURYê
VODPMDQpJDODW\
Z 'RPRUDGRYLF 36
'ČYþDWD]DFKODSFLUHFLWRYDOD
9\ãODKYČ]GDQDNUDMVYČWD
UR]VYtWLODGRSĤOVYČWD
1HE\ODWRKYČ]GDMDVQi
byla to panenka krásna.
Z 'RPRUDGRYLF 37
3UĤYRG VH SDN YUDFHO ]SČW N PtVWX RGNXG GČWL Y\ãO\ 0DĜHQD V 0DĜRFKHP VH QHW\SLFN\ RGORåLOD
D PtVWR QLFK GČYþDWD QHVOD Y þHOH SUĤYRGX PiMtþN\ – VPUþN\ QD W\þL R]GREHQp SDStU\ ]D QLPL
FKODSFLWDKDOLPDOêåHEĜLĖiN]GREHQêEDUHYQêPLSDStU\VHåHQLFKHPY þHUQpPDQHYČVWRXV EtOêP
]iYRMHPSĜHVREOLþHM9HVQLFtVHQHVODUHFLWDFHPOiGHåH
6PUWjVPHRGQHVOL
májtþHNQHVHPH
DFRP\PXGiPH
NROiþSRPD]DQê
ýW\ĜPDPD]DþNDPD
SČNQČSRPD]DQê
7ČãtQVNêQiURGRSLVHF9iFODY6WXFKOê 38 SĜLQiãt] 'RPRUDGRYLFMHãWČMHGQXStVHĖRVODYXMtFt
SĜtFKRGMDUD
ýHQČN=tEUW]D]QDPHQDOMLQêWH[WStVQČNWHUêGRPRUDGRYLFNiGČYþDWD]StYDOD
+HOR0DĜHQRSUDODVLSĜDGHQRY\OHYDOD]RO\QDEHQNRYVNpGRO\ 39
,Y REFL8KOtĜRYČY\QiãHOL QDÄVPUWQLFX³GtYN\0DĜHQXDFKODSFL6PUćXFKD1DGROQtPRNUDML
YHVQLFHMHMRGVWURMLOLD] PRVWNXKRGLOLGRSRWRND
26
1tåH XYHGHQp WH[W\ NWHUp YH 6OH]VNX SURQiãHO\ GČWL SĜL REĜDGX Y\QiãHQt 0DĜHQ\ D QiVOHGQpP
SĜLQiãHQt OpWD GR YVL XND]XMt QD PQRKRWYiUQRVW OLGRYp VORYHVQRVWL 0RKRX QiP EêW LQVSLUDFt
LQiPČWHPSUR SĜtSDGQpQDYUiFHQtWpWRVODYQRVWLGRåLYRWDQDãLFKYHVQLF
1ČVHP\0DĜRFKD
QČVHPGRSRWRND
GRþHUQpKROHVD
GR]LPQpKRSOHVD
=H6OH]VND 40
1ČVHP\0DĜLQX
v ROHMLVPDåLQX
EDEXþHUQX]LPQX
SU\þV ĖX]DGČGLQX
=H6OH]VND
Nesem babu v NRãL
VPUWQiVRQLSURVt
8åPRĜHQDOHåt
D]XEDPDãNHĜt
KHORKHORKHORKHOR
=H6OH]VND
ýHUQiQHGČOD
FRVQiPGRQHVOD"
1ČFRQRYpKR
NYtWtPRGUpKR
0iMtþNX]HOHQê
SČNQČXVWURMHQê
VYDWê-LĜtMHGH
SROHRGP\NDWL
aby tráva rostla,
YãHOLMDNpNYtWt
0iMtþNX]HOHQê
SČNQČXVWURMHQê
=H6OH]VND
0DĜHQR0DĜHQR
NDMVLNOXþHGDOD"
'DODVHPMLFKGDOD
VYDWHPX-DQX
aby naPRWHYĜHO
GRQHEHEUDQX
6YDW\-XĜLVWDYD
GYHĜLRGP\NDYD
aby trava rostla,
WUDYLþND]HOHQD
URVLþNDVWXGHQD
ILDOHQNDPRGUD
=H6OH]VND
0DĜHQRNUDVQD
NDMVLKXãLSDVáD"
3RGNRSHþNHP] UREHQHþNHP
HåVH]HPDWĜDVáD
DE\WUDYD5XVNDWUDYD]HOHQDHåSR
kolena.
$Y\GČYHþN\YLMWHYČQHþN\
z PRGUHMILMDlenky,
z ELáHMUXåLþN\
=H6OH]VND
0DĜHQD– VWDĜHQD
QDROHMLVPDåHQi
QDPiVOHRSUDåHQi
]DNRKRW\VXPĜHOD"
=DVWDUêKRãHGLYêKR
]DPODGêKRVYRERGQêKR–
YãHPVHPRþDURYDOD
YãHFN\NRVRXSRåDOD
DSDNVDPDXPĜHOD
=HVHYHUu MorDY\
27
6PUĢiNDQHVHPV YHOLNêPQRVHPäLPURYLFH
.UDVQDNUDVQDNDMVLKXVLSDVOD"
$MDVHPMLFKSDVOa QD]HOHQHMOXFH
QDELO\PSDOXFH
%LODELODNDMVLNOXþHKRGLOD"
9 NRPRĜLFLQDSROLFL tDPVHMLFKKRGLOa
2PDMLþNX]HOHQ\
NDMVLE\OWDNGlXKRY ]HPL"
6YDW\-XĜLNRĜHĖEXĜL
]HPVHRWYtUi
Z 2SDYVND 41
Z NURQLNY\SUiYČQtSDPČWQtNĤDQiURGRSLVQêFKNQLKO]HY\VWRSRYDWMDNPQRKRVSROHþQpKRPČO\
REĜDG\ Y\QiãHQt 0DĜHQ\ YH VOH]VNêFK GČGLQiFK D MDN PQRKR VH OLãLO\ Y MHGQRWOLYêFK GHWDLOHFK
7H[W\N StVQtPVHSĜHGiYDO\] MHGQRKRSRNROHQtGČWtQDGUXKpGČWVNiIDQWD]LHDWYRĜLYRVWYQiãHOD
GRREĜDGĤQRYpSUYN\DSURPČĖRYDODĜtNDQN\LStVQČVODYQRVWL $SURþE\WDNpQHJ :HOFK SURQHVO
YČWXNWHUiODSLGiUQČVKUQXMHNROREČKåLYRta: ÄäLYRWMHPRåQpSURåtYDWMHQVPČUHPYSĜHGDFKiSDW
MHQVPČUHPY]DG
9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\ZŠ 2OGĜLãRY
28
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDQHGČOL SRVWQt
3ĜHG PQRKD OHW\
MVPH VH UR]KRGOL Y
REFL REQRYLW MLå
GiYQR]DSRPHQXWRX
WUDGLFL Y\QiãHQt 0DĜHQ\ =DþiWN\ E\O\
QHVPČOpY SUYQtPURFHMVPHVODYQRVWSRMDOL
MDNR þLVWČ YQLWĜQt ]iOHåLWRVW ãNRO\ EH]
SR]YiQtYHĜHMQRVWL7H[W\StVQtMVPHQDOH]OL
Y GRVWXSQp OLWHUDWXĜH QHEUDOL MVPH RKOHG QD
WR RGNXG StVQČ D ĜtNDGOD SRFKi]HMt
3ĜLQiãHQtPiMtþNXGČWPL]H=â2OGĜLãRY
Z QDãHKR SUYRSRþiWHþQtKR QDGãHQt SR]GČML
Y]HãODVODYQRVWNWHURXNDåGêPURNHPRWYtUiPHMDURYHYHVQLFL
Z FHVW\ NWHURX MVPH XUD]LOL SĜL REQRYHQt WUDGLFH O]H VL Y]tW QČNROLN SRXþHQt NWHUi MDN YČĜtPH
MVRXSĜHQRVLWHOQiLQDMLQiPtVWD
Nebojme VH]HSWDW 3RXþHQtVWRMtFtY þHOHSUĤYRGXPRåQêFKUDG-HVWOLåHWUDGLFHY\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\
åLODY REFLMHãWČSĜHGGUXKRXVYČWRYRXYiONRXMHMHãWČPRåQRVWåHQČNGR]HVWDUãtFKURGiNĤREFHVL
SDPDWXMH QČNWHUp SRGUREQRVWL ] WČFKWR XGiORVWt 3WHMPH VH QD NDåGRX PDOLþNRVW .GR Y\QiãHO
0DĜHQX NGR DNFL RUJDQL]RYDO MDN VH 0DĜHQD SĜtSDGQČ 0DĜRFK VWURMLO MDN VH V SDQt ]LPRX
Ä]DWRþLOR³UR]XPČMme, ]GDVH0DĜHQDSiOLODWRSLODNDPHQRYDODQHER]DKUDEiYDODGR]HPČDWG
-HVWOLåH VH QDMGH QČNGR NGR VL SDPDWXMH WH[W\ ĜtNDGHO þL StVQt MH VNRUR Y\KUiQR = Y\SUiYČQt
SDPČWQtNĤ MH GREUp VL XGČODW ]YXNRYê QHER DXGLRYL]XiOQt ]i]QDP , Y SĜtSDGČ åH QHQDOH]QHPH
QLNRKR NGR E\ VL QD SUDVWDUê REĜDG Y]SRPHQXO QHKi]HMPH IOLQWX GR åLWD ]NXãHQRVWL ] RNROQtFK
YHVQLFQiPPRKRXEêW LQVSLUDFt
1DKOpGQČmH GR VWDUêFK NURQLN D DUFKLYiOLL QH]DSRPHĖmH QD QiURGRSLVQp ]i]QDP\ 'UXKêP
SUDPHQHP QDãHKR SR]QiQt PRKRX EêW VWDUp DUFKLYiOLH NURQLN\ ]iSLV\ SDPČWQtNĤ D QiURGRSLVFĤ
1DREFtFKEêYDMtN GLVSR]LFLNRSLHSĤYRGQtFKNURQLNQČNWHUpSRWĜHEQp]i]QDP\PRKRXREVDKRYDW
LãNROQtNURQLN\
3ĜL VHVWDYRYiQt SiVPD VH QHERMPH SRXåtW IDQWD]LL
-HVWOLåH MVPH VL XYČGRPLOL MDN E\ PČOD QDãH VODYQRVW
SUREtKDW MH WĜHED ]DVHGQRX NH VWROX D UR]HSVDW UROH
PH]L GČWL 3ĜL VHVWDYRYiQt SiVPD D QHPXVt EêW QLMDN
VORåLWp MH QXWQp VL ]RGSRYČGČW QČNROLN RWi]HN
3ĤMGHPH Y\QiãHW MHQRP 0DĜHQX" 3RQHVRX FKODSFL
VYpKR PXåVNpKR SURWČMãND k 0DĜHQČ" .XG\ SUĤYRG
SĤMGH DQD MDNp PtVWR GRMGHPH"-DN XNRQþtPH ÄåLYRW³
0DĜHQ\" 3RQHVRX GČWL ]SČW GR YHVQLFH PiMtþHN OtWR
QHERV NRQFHP0DĜHQ\EXGHWpåLNRQHFQDãtVODYQRVWL"
-HVWOLåHQiPFK\EtSUDPHQ\NWHUpE\QDSRYČGČO\MDN
E\ PČOD EêW 0DĜHQD QDVWURMHQD MDN E\ PČO Y\SDGDW
SĜtSDGQČ PiMtþHN DWG GHMPH SURVWRU IDQWD]LL GČWt
1H]iOHåt QD REOHþHQt NWHUp EXGRX PtW GČWL Y SUĤYRGX
QD VREČ $WPRVIpUX FHOp VODYQRVWL GRNUHVOXMt VLFH
GHWDLO\DOHW\þDVHPEXGRXNU\VWDOL]RYDWVDP\
1DYUiFHQt]Y\NXGRQDãLFKREFtMHGĤOHåLWêPSUYNHP
SUR ]tVNiQt VRFLiOQt NXOWXUQt L KLVWRULFNp LGHQWLW\
SRPiKiSURSRMLWUĤ]QpYČNRYpVNXSLQ\RE\YDWHODFRMH
QHMGĤOHåLWČMãt SĜLQiãt RSUDYGRYRX UDGRVW GR QDãLFK
åLYRWĤ
3ĜLQiãHQtPiMtþNXäLPURYLFH
29
9êURED0DĜHQ\SRGOHQiPČWX.DPLO\6NRSRYp 42
QHGČOHSRVWQt– .YČWQi
2VOiWNR SĜLYHGOL XþHGQtFL k -HåtãRYL
SĜHKRGLOL SĜHV QČ VYp SOiãWČ D RQ VH QD QČ
SRVDGLO0QR]tUR]SURVWĜHOLQDFHVWXVYpSOiãWČ
D MLQt ]HOHQp UDWROHVWL ] SROt $ WL NGR ãOL SĜHG
QtP L ]D QtP YRODOL Ä+RVDQQD 3RåHKQDQê
NWHUê SĜLFKi]t YH MPpQX +RVSRGLQRYČ
SRåHKQiQR EXć SĜLFKi]HMtFt NUiORYVWYt QDãHKR
RWFH'DYLGD+RVDQQDQDYêVRVWHFK³-HåtãYMHO
GR-HUX]DOpPDDYHãHOGRFKUiPX
0DUNRYRHYDQJHOLXPNDS 11, 7-11 YHUã
3RVOHGQt QHGČOH SRVWQt VH QD]êYi .YČWQi
ODWLQVN\ 'RPLQLFD LQ SDOPLV QHER WDNp
3DãLMQt = YêãH XYHGHQpKR ELEOLFNpKR FLWiWX
Y\SOêYi åH VL NĜHVĢDQp R WpWR QHGČOL SĜLSRPtQDMt VODYQê YMH]G -HåtãH GR -HUX]DOpPD 3ĜL
ERKRVOXåEiFKVHSĜHGþtWi]SUiYDRXPXþHQt-HåtãH.ULVWDW]Y3DãLMHXWUSHQt– ODWLQVN\3DVVLR
2NYČWQpQHGČOLVHSRGOHVWDUpKR]Y\NXVYČWtSĜLERKRVOXåEiFKUDWROHVWLMtY\1D2SDYVNXVHMLP
ĜtNDORÄNRFDQN\³SRGOHKHENêFKNYČWĤ0\MHGQHV]QiPHVStãHMDNRNRþLþN\
.\MRYVNiURGDþND+HOHQD6DOLFKRYiSRSVDODMDNVHVYČWLOD.YČWQiQHGČOHY REFL]DMHMtKRPOiGt 43:
Ä9ČWãtGČWLPOiGHåLVWDĜtQHVOLN VYČFHQtGRNRVWHODN\WLFHNRFDQHNDNĜLåLþN\QDĜH]DQp] OtVNRYêFK
SUXWĤ 6RXVHGĤY EDKQLĜ MtYD E\O FHOê ROiPDQê D ]XERåHQê QHERĢ SĤO YHVQLFH VL ] QČKR QDWUKDOR
proutky.“
1ČNGH VH NURPČ MtY\ GiYDO\ GR VYD]NĤ L YČWpYN\ ] NORNRþH NWHUê PČOL OLGp YH ]YOiãWQt ~FWČ
protRåH VH ] QČM Y\UiEČO UĤåHQHF -LQG\ VH SĜLGiYDO\ SUXW\ ] OtVN\ þL SODQp WUQN\ WUHVNXWN\ $E\
YČWYH E\O\ QD .YČWQRX QHGČOL SČNQČ UR]NYHWOp WUKiYDO\ VH - QHGČOH SĜHGHP &KODSFL YČWYH
]DStFKiYDOL GR KUQFĤ D XNOiGDOL MH ]D SHF 9 -DQRYLFtFK VH YČWYH Yi]DO\ GR VYD]NĤ NWHUp PČO\
SĜLSRPtQDWSDOPRYpUDWROHVWLÄ=YČWYtXGČOiVHSDOPD– PHWOHSRGREQi- DRYiåHVHYUERYtP'R
NRUXQ\ VWUþt VH NRFDQN\ WLV D þHWHQD YČWHY MHGOH NWHUi EêYDOD Y\EtUiQD WDN DE\ ERþQt YČWYH
SĜLSRPtQDO\ VYêP WYDUHP NĜtå 7DNp QD R]GREX VH QH]DSRPHQH RNUiãOHQi EêYi ]ODWêPL RĜHFK\
YHMFLãLãNDPL] OHVDPDORYDQêPSDStUHP0HQãtGČWLPDMtPDOLþNpSDOP\ 44
3ĜL VYČFHQt UDWROHVWt NQČ]HP E\OR QD 2SDYVNX ]Y\NHP åH YČWYLþN\ POiGHå ]GYLKDOD QDG KODYX
Y 7ČãtQVNpP6OH]VNXV QLPLGČWLQDRSDNWĜiVO\2SDYVNê]Y\NSR]GYLKRYiQtYČWYtPČO]Qi]RUĖRYDW
MDNY\VRNRPiY\UĤVWRELOt+QHGSRERKRVOXåEiFKXWUKOLFKODSFLLGtYN\] SRVYČFHQêFKÄNRþLþHN³
WĜLMHKQČG\NWHUpVSRONO\9ČĜLOLåHMHRFKUiQtSURWL]LPQLFL
3RVYČFHQp YČWYLþN\ VH ]DVWUNiYDO\ YH VWDYHQtFK ]D NĜtåN\ D VYDWp REUi]N\ GiYDO\ VH ]D RNQD
DY FKOpYHFK]DWUiP\DE\RFKUDĖRYDO\YãHFKQ\OLGLY GRPČLGRE\WHN1ČNGHVHYUERYpYČWYLþN\
VYi]DO\ GR WYDUX NĜtåNX D R 9HOLNRQRþQtP SRQGČOt VH ]DStFKiYDO\ GR NUDMĤ ]DVHWêFK SROt DE\
RELOtþNR URVWORDE\ORRFKUiQČQRSĜHGVXFKHPLNUXSRELWtP9HVWDYHQtFK]ĤVWiYDO\YČWYLþN\Då GR
SĜtãWtKRURNXQHåVHSĜHG3RSHOHþQtVWĜHGRXVSiOLO\DNQČ]] MHMLFKSRSHOXGČODONĜtåN\QDþHOD
9 .DWHĜLQNiFKNWHUpMVRXGQHVPČVWVNRXþiVWL2SDY\E\OR]Y\NHPSRNOiGDWSRVYČFHQpNRFDQN\
SĜLSRþiWNXVWDYE\QD]iNODGQtNiPHQ+RVSRGiĜMHSRNURSLOVYČFHQXYRGRXDSĜLWRPĜtNDO
.G\å%DE\ORQVNRXYČåVWDYČOL
QD3iQD%RKD]DSRPQČOL
VSDćMLPYUãHNNDåGRXQRF
PČOLSUiFHPRFDPRF
0\MVPHNiPHQ]DORåLOL
%RKDFWtPHNDåGRXFKYtOL
FKFHPE\QDãHSUiFH
s QHãWČVWtPVHQHSRWNDO\
3RWRP WĜLNUiW SRNOHSDO QD NiPHQ DE\ %ĤK 2WHF 6\Q D 'XFK VYDWê RFKUDĖRYDOL VWDYEX SĜHG
QHãWČVWtP 45
31
2.YČWQpQHGČOLFKRGLODY QČNWHUêFKYHVQLFtFKGČYþDWDV NUiVQRXQHERWDNpPiMtþNHP=DWtPFR VH
PiMtþHNSĜLQiãHOGRYVLPQRKG\R6PUWQpQHGČOLY 5DGXQLVHWHQWR]Y\NVODYLORWêGHQSR]GČML3R
]D]StYiQt REGUåHOD GČYþDWD RG KRVSRG\QČ SURVWČ ]GREHQp SHUQtþN\ 5DGXĖVNê NURQLNiĜ 6WDQLVODY
6WXFKOêSRSVDOåHRWRPWRGQXPOiGHQFLGiYDOLVYêPVQRXEHQNiPGiUN\ětNDORVHÄ-DNiNUiVQi
WDNRYêãPLJUXVW³
.YČWQiQHGČOHMHVODYREUiQRXGRSDãLMRYpKRWêGQHY NWHUpPNDåGêGHQPiVYRMHMPpQR
9êUREDOtWD– PiMtþNXSRGOHQiPČWX.DPLO\6NRSRYp
46
0RGUpSRQGČOt
9 QiURGRSLVQêFKVSLVHFKVHQLNGHQHStãHR ]Y\FtFKNWHUpVHGUåHO\RWRPWRGQL=DMtPDYê]iSLV
QiP ]DQHFKDO YČWĜNRYLFNê NURQLNiĜ Ä1D 0RGUp SRQGČOt åiGQê ãYHF QHSUDFRYDO SLO D SLO 1H
YRGXDOHNRĜDONXDåPČOY KODYČSRĜiGQRXþLþX7RPXMLåNDåGêRGSXVWLOLMHKRåHQDYåG\ĢWR
byl svátek YãHFKãHYFĤ. ãHYFĤPVHRYãHPSĜLGDOLLMLQtPXåLY GČGLQČDWDNQD0RGUpSRQGČOt
EêYDORQDGČGLQČYHVHOR“
äOXWp~WHUê
3RREDGQ\PRGUpSRQGČOtLåOXWp~WHUêVHXNOt]HODVWDYHQtäOXWpPX~WHUêVHWDNpĜtNiYDORTlustý
vtorek SRGOHSRVOHGQtPRåQRVWLVHSRĜiGQČQDMtVW 47
32
âNDUHGiVWĜHGD
7HKG\ãHOMHGHQ]H'YDQiFWLMPpQHP-LGiã,ãNDULRWVNêN YHOHNQČåtPDĜHNOÄ&RPLGiWH"-iYiP
KR]UDGtP³2QLPXXUþLOLWĜLFHWVWĜtEUQêFK2GWpFKYtOHKOHGDOYKRGQRXSĜtOHåLWRVWDE\KR]UDGLO
0DWRXãRYRHYDQNDS– YHUã
3URWHQKDQHEQêþLQNG\-LGiã]UDGLOSURSiUVWĜtEUQêFKVYpKR0LVWUD-HåtãH.ULVWDGRVWDODVWĜHGD
Qi]HY âNDUHGi 1ČNG\ VH ĜtNDOR 6D]RPHWQi SURWRåH VH Y\PHWDO\ NRPtQ\ D NDPQD 9 NDåGpP
SĜtSDGČVHOLGHPGRSRUXþRYDORDE\VHQHPUDþLOLSURWRåHMLQDNVHEXGRXPUDþLWSRYãHFKQ\VWĜHG\
Y URFH
=HOHQêþWYUWHN
.G\åMHGOLY]DO-HåtãFKOpESRåHKQDOOiPDODGiYDOXþHGQtNĤPVHVORY\Ä9H]PČWH, jezte, toto jest
PpWČORÄ3DNY]DONDOLFKY]GDOGtN\DSRGDOMLPKRVHVORY\Ä3LMWH] QČKRYãLFKQL1HERĢWRWRMHVW
PiNUHYNWHUi]SHþHĢXMHVPORXYXDSUROpYiVH]DPQRKpQDRGSXãWČQtKĜtFKĤ³
0DWRXãRYRHYDQNDS- YHUã
1D ]HOHQê þWYUWHN VL FtUNHY SĜLSRPtQi SUiYČ W\WR XGiORVWL ] SRVOHGQtFK GQĤ -HåtãH SĜHG
XNĜLåRYiQtP 8VWDQRYHQt YHþHĜH 3iQČ D QiVOHGQp PRGOLWE\ .ULVWD Y ]DKUDGČ *HWVHPDQH NGH WDNp
-LGiãSĜLYHGOR]EURMHQFHDSRYČVWQêP]UiGFRYVNêPSROLENHPR]QDþLOWRKRNGRPiEêW]DWþHQ
1HQtGLYXåHEČKHPWRKRWRþWYUWNXSODWLOSĜtVQêSĤVWNG\VHVPČODMtVWMHQRP]HOHQLQD2GWRKR
Qi]HY=HOHQêþWYUWHN. REČGXVHSRGiYDOVDOiW] NRSĜLYQČNGHWREêYDO\MLVNpUN\ – VHGPLNUiVN\
9 .UDYDĜtFK VH NURPČ NRSĜLY YDĜtYDO L KUiFK DOH YêKUDGQČ ]HOHQê GR NWHUpKR VH SĜLGiYDO ]HOHQê
ÄNXQGUDEHN³SRSHQHF
.G\åUiQRRGH]QtY NRVWHOHFK PRGOLWEa 6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKX*ORULDLQH[FHOVLV'HR]YRQ\
umlknRXMHMLFKSURYD]\VHXYiåRXětNiVHåH]YRQ\XOHWČO\GRětPD-HMLFK]YRQČQtY PLQXORVWL
QDKUD]RYDOLFKODSFLKOXNHPĜHKWDþHNNODSDþHNYDOFKDWUDNDĜĤ&KRGLORVH]DVYtWiQtY SROHGQHD
VYDWYHþHU Då GR %tOp VRERW\ )UDQWLãHN %DUWRã StãH åH ÄQD VSROHþQp WRWR ÄKUþHQt³ YHOLNRQRþQt
FKODSFL GORXKê þDV Xå QDSĜHG VH WČãt RSUDYXMtFH D ]NRXãHMtFH QiĜDGt N WRPX SRWĜHEQpKR³ 48
$+HOHQD6DOLFKRYiY]SRPtQiåHY .\MRYLFtFKÄ«XNĜtåHE\ORåLYR.GHMDNêV\QHN] GČGLQ\WDP
EČåHO V ĜHKRWNRX NODSRWNRX V mlýnkem i tUDNDĜHP MHKRå R]XEHQp KĜtGHOH VH GRWêNDOD SUXåQi
GHVWLþNDD]SĤVRERYDODQHY\SRYČGLWHOQêKUNRWDViP3iQEĤK YtV MDNêPQiþLQtP1HMGĜtYHYãLFKQL
SRNOHNOLNROHPNĜtåHSRPRGOLOLVH$QGČO3iQČSRWRPVHVHĜDGLOLDãOLGČGLQRX.ODSRWN\NODSRWDO\
ĜHKRWN\ĜHKWDO\DOLGpY\EtKDOL] FKDOXS³ 49
.ODSDþNDV WĜHPLNODGtYN\
7UDNDĜ
ěHFKWDþNa
1DSRFKĤ]N\YH9ČWĜNRYLFtFKY]SRPtQiLPtVWQtNURQLNiĜÄ'ČWLYHVPČVNOXFLFKRGLO\So vesnici
v ĜDGČ PČOL NODSDþN\ QHER ĜHKWDþN\ D FHVWRX ]StYDO\ 1ČNG\ PČO QČNWHUê NOXN PDOê WUDNDĜ VYêP
WiWRX QHER GČGRX XSUDYHQê QD NODSDþNX QHER ĜHKWDþNX 9 NRVWHOH SĜL PãL VYDWp VH WDNp SRXåtYDO\
GĜHYČQpNODSDþN\“ 50 9 'RPRUDGRYLFtFKVHFKODSFLSĜLREFKĤ]NiFKXNĜtåNĤPRGOLOL
33
6WRMtVWRMtVYDWêNĜtå
QDQČPåXPĜHO3iQ-Håtã
GĤYČĜXMPXGXãHPi
aby byla spasena.
-HQY QČNWHUêFKYHVQLFtFKQD2SDYVNXVHXGUåHOGRGQHãQtFKGQĤ]Y\NFKODSHFNêFKREFKĤ]HN
1D =HOHQê þWYUWHN VH GRGUåRYDO\ L MLQp WUDGLFH 3RGOH 9\KOtGDOD SĜHVNDNRYDOL KRãL WĜLNUiW SRWRN
Y XSRPtQNXåHL.ULVWXV3iQSĜHFKi]HOSRWRN&HGURQNG\åVHãHOPRGOLWGR*HWVHPDQVNp]DKUDG\
QD ~SDWt 2OLYRYp KRU\ 1D WXWR XGiORVW QDYD]RYDO L ]Y\N NG\ YãLFKQL Y GRPČ Y\FKi]HOL UiQR GR
]DKUDG\Y 3RGYLKRYČLYHþHUVHPRGOLW 51
7DNpE\ORWUDGLFtSRãOHKDWYHþWYUWHNSRGODKXLSHĜLQ\SURXWNHPSRVYČFHQêPQD.YČWQRXQHGČOL
D KRVSRG\QČ VYČFHQRX YRGRX ] QRYpKR KUQHþNX SRNURSLO\ VOiPX 0ČOD WR EêW ]DUXþHQi RFKUDQD
SURWLþDURGČMQLFtP 52
9HONêSiWHN
„NeVO VYĤM NĜtå D Y\ãHO ] PČVWD QD PtVWR ]YDQp
/HENDKHEUHMVN\*ROJRWD7DPKRXNĜLåRYDOLDV QtP
MLQp GYD ] NDåGpVWUDQ\MHGQRKRD-HåtãHXSURVWĜHG
3LOiW GDO QDSVDW QiSLV D SĜLSHYQLW MHM QD NĜtå 6WiOR
WDP-Håtã1D]DUHWVNêNUiOåLGRYVNê7HQQiSLVþHWOR
PQRKR äLGĤ QHERĢ PtVWR NGH E\O -Håtã XNĜLåRYiQ
E\OR EOt]NR PČVWD E\O QDSViQ KHEUHMVN\ ODWLQVN\
D ĜHFN\ äLGRYãWt YHOHNQČåt ĜHNOL 3LOiWRYL Ä1HPČOV
SViWåLGRYVNêNUiOQêEUåY\GiYDOVH]DåLGRYVNpKR
NUiOH³ 3LOiW RGSRYČGČO Ä&R MVHP QDSVDO QDSVDl
jsem.“
-DQRYRHYDQJHOLXPNDS– YHUã
9HONêSiWHNMHGQHPNG\VLNĜHVĢDQpSĜLSRPtQDMt
XNĜLåRYiQt-HåtãH.ULVWDDMHKRQiVOHGQpSRKĜEHQtGR
VNDOQtKR KUREX 9HUãH ] -DQRYD HYDQJHOLD SRXND]XMt
QD PQRKR URYLQ D WHPQêFK ]iNRXWt OLGVNp GXãH
-HQRP NG\å VH þORYČN ]DP\VOt QDG SRGLYQRX KURX
3LOiWDNWHUê QHMGĜtYHSURKOiVtåHQD-HåtãLQHVSDWĜLO
QLF]DFRE\MHMPČORGVRXGLWQDQiWODNK\VWHULFNpKR
GDYX MHM Y\GiYi N XNĜLåRYiQt QiVOHGQČ VL XPêYi UXFH QD ]QDPHQt åH V WtP QHPi QLF VSROHþQpKR
DQiSLVHPXPtVWČQêPQDGKODYRXXNĜLåRYDQpKR.ULVWDVHY]iSČWtY\VPtYiäLGĤP3ĜLWRPYãHPVL
QHXYČGRPXMH åH ViP MH MHQ QHSDWUQêP R]XEHQêP NROHþNHP NWHUp ]DSDGi GR ]YOiãWQtFK GČMLQ
OLGVWYD -DNRE\ YãHFKQR VRXYLVHOR VH YãtP $ SĜHVQČ WDN KOHGDOL D VSDWĜRYDOL VRXYLVORVWL
NDåGRGHQQtKROLGVNpKREČKXLQDãtSĜHGFL6WDUp]Y\N\SURYi]DQpV FtUNHYQtWUDGLFtLQD9HONêSiWHN
MVRXQiPWtPQHMOHSãtPGĤND]HP
8å]DUR]EĜHVNXVOXQFHY\FKi]HOLQDãLSĜHGFLN SRWRNĤP]DYHVQLFLQHERDOHVSRĖQD]DKUDGXDE\
VLUXFHQRK\LWYiĜXP\OL2WþHQiãD=GUiYDVVHSRPRGOLOLDE\MH3iQ-HåtãSURVYpUiQ\QDWČOHLQD
GXãLX]GUDYLO9 .UDYDĜtFKVHSRGOHY]SRPtQHN/XGPLO\+RĜNpPRGOLOL
9RGLþNRþLVWD
umyla si Pana Krista,
XP\ODVLVYČWDNRĜHQL
XP\MPČWHå– KĜLãQHVWYRĜHQL 53
$Y 2UORYpVHPRGOtYDOL
3DQČMHWLåLPD"
Ni.
34
$QLW\PXåLPDQČE\GČ
KGRWČQDYČOLSLXQWHN]SRPLQDĢE\GČ 54
0\Wt YH VWXGHQp YRGČ SRWRND þL ĜHN\ VH QHWêNDOR SRX]H OLGt 8 2VWUDY\ VH GUåHO ]Y\N åH
]DUR]EĜHVNXVHGRSURXGtFtYRG\Y\KiQČOLLNRQČDE\E\OLRFKUiQČQLSĜHGQHPRFHPL
Z 3RGYLKRYDVH]DFKRYDODĜtNDQNDNWHURXVHY\KiQČOL]HOHQêPSUXWHPãYiEL] SHFH
8WLNHMWČãYDERYHGRPDFLJ\]GRYH
ERYDVEXGČPELĢWLãSDQDPD
a zelenyma prutama.
8WLNHMWČSĜHVSROHDOXN\
DUR]PDQLWHSDOXN\ 55
$MDNþDVQHMKOXEãtKRVPXWNX
WUiYLO\GČWLY]SRPtQDOD+HOHQD
6DOLFKRYi Ä1D 9HON\ SiWHN
QiV PDWLþND EXGLOL MHãWČ SĜHG
YêFKRGHP VOXQFH âO\ MVPH VH
XPêW]D3DVHN\GRSRWĤþND7R
QD SDPiWNX WRKR åH MDN VH
.ULVWXV 3iQ XEtUDO V NĜtåNHP
na Kalvarii, bylo mu MtW VH
VYêP WČåNêP EĜHPHQHP SĜHV
SRWRN D MVD XQDYHQ D ]PXþHQ
XSDGO REOLþHMHP GR YRG\ &HOê
GHQ MVPH VH QHVPČO\ VPiW DQL
GRYiGČW SURWRåH Y WHQWR GHQ
PiNDåGêNĜHVĢDQGUåHWVPXWHN
K VQtGDQL QiP PDWLþND XYDĜLOL
YRGLQNX YRGD V QDNUiMHQêP
FKOHEHP a v SROHGQH Wpå DOH
VDPL VH SĜtVQČ SR FHOê GHQ
postili.“ 56
1D9HONêSiWHNE\OR]DSRYČ]HQR Y\NRQiYDW ]HPČGČOVNp
SUiFH ětNDOR VH åH VH QHVPt
KêEDW ]HPt GR NWHUp E\O WHQWR
GHQ SRFKRYiQ .ULVWXV =iND]SUDFRYDWV KOtQRX PČOLL KUQþtĜLD NHUDPLFL 7DNp VHĜtNDOR åH ]HPČ
Y WRPWRGQXVHRWHYtUiDY\GiYiSRNODG\
9 GRPiFQRVWHFKVHSHNO\W]YMLGiãH-HGQDORVHRSHþLYR] N\QXWpKRWČVWDNWHUpVHWYDURYDORGR
UĤ]QêFK SRGRE ] SURYi]NĤ 3URYi]N\ ] WČVWD SĜLSRPtQDO\ SURYD] QD NWHUpP VH REČVLO -LGiã
,ãNDULRWVNê NG\å KQXW VYêP VYČGRPtP YUiWLO WĜLFHW VWĜtEUQêFK YHOHNQČåtP D SURKOiVLO Ä=KĜHãLO
MVHP]UDGLOMVHPQHYLQQRXNUHY³0DWRXãRYRHYDQJHOLXPNDSYHUã
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQD9HONêSiWHN
8SpFW VL ÄSUDYp³ MLGiãH R WRPWR VYiWHþQtP GQL PĤåH EêW WRX DNWLYLWRX NWHUi QiV
]DVWDYt Y NDåGRGHQQtP ]KRQX D SĜLSUDYt QiP NUiVQp FKYtOH SĜL SURåtYiQt QHMYČWãtKR
NĜHVĢDQVNpKR VYiWNX Y URFH 5HFHSWĤ QD MLGiãH H[LVWXMH FHOi ĜDGD VWDþt RWHYĜtW
MDNRXNROLY EDELþþLQX NXFKDĜNX QHER VL SĜtSDGQČ ]DGDW GR LQWHUQHWRYpKR Y\KOHGiYDþH
Qi]HYÄMLGiãH³1tåHSRSVDQêUHFHSWYiPPĤåHEêWLQVSLUDFt3URWRåHVHMHGQiRSHþLYR
] N\QXWpKRWČVWDGRVSČOpUXFHEXGRXPXVHWEêWSĜLDNWLYLWČGČWt QDEOt]NX
35
-LGiãH] N\QXWpKRWČVWDSRNDSiYDQpPHGHP 57
%XGHPH SRWĜHERYDW ௗJ NUXSLFRYpKR FXNUX, ௗJ
KODGNp PRXN\, ௗPO GYDQiFWLSURFHQWQt VPHWDQ\ ௗJ
GURåGt åORXWN\, ௗJ ]PČNOpKR PiVOD, QDVWURXKDQou
NĤUu ] MHGQRKR FLWURQX, OåLþN\ FLWURQRYp ãĢiY\, YDQLONRYê FXNU, ãSHWNu VROL, YHMFH QD SRWĜHQt a PHG QD
SRNDSiQt
1HMGĜtYH SĜLSUDYtPH NYiVHN ]H OåtFH FXNUX PRXN\
WURFK\YODåQpVPHWDQ\D GURåGt=KUXEDSRþWYUWKRGLQČKR
VPtFKiPH VH ]E\WNHP FXNUX D PRXN\ åORXWN\ PČNNêP
PiVOHP FLWURQRYRX NĤURX D ãĢiYRX YDQLONRYêP FXNUHP
a WURFKRX VROL 1D ]iYČU SĜLOLMeme YODåQRX VPHWDQX
=DGČOiPH WČVWR NWHUp SRGOH SRWĜHE\ SRGV\SiYiPH
moukou 3R Y\SUDFRYiQt WČVWR QHFKiPH SĜLEOLåQČ MHGQX
KRGLQXN\QRXW
Z Y\N\QXWpKR WČVWD RGGČOXMHPH NRXVN\ D Y\YiOtPH
] QLFK YiOHþN\ 1D Y\PD]DQpP SOHFKX SĜtSDGQČ QD
SHþtFtP SDStĜH MH VWRþtPH GR VSLUiO\ a QHFKiPH MHãWČ
þWYUW KRGLQ\ N\QRXW Z WČVWD E\FKRP PČOL PtW SĜLEOLåQČ
NXVĤ SHþLYD 3DN MH SRWĜHme UR]ãOHKDQêP YDMtþNHP
a SĜLEOLåQČ QD SČWDGYDFHW PLQXW GiPH GR SĜHGHKĜiWp
WURXE\NGHMLGiãHSHþHPHSĜLWHSORWČ&+RUNpMLGiãH
QH]DSRPHĖPH SRNDSDW PHGHP 8å QDãL SĜHGNRYp YČĜLOL
åH PHG SRGDQê R 9HONpP SiWNX RFKUiQt SĜHG XãWNQXWtP
-LGiãH
KDGDDStFKQXWtPERGDYpKRKP\]X
%tOiVRERWD
Ä.G\E\QHE\ORWDNGORXKpSRVWQtREGREtQHE\ORE\DQL9]NĜtãHQtWDNNUiVQp³.DUHO(QJOLã
1D%tORXVRERWX]DþDO\YHVQLFHRåtYDW9åG\ĢVHSĜLEOtåLOþDVNG\VHNRQþtSRVWQtREGREtVPXWQp
EDUY\ EXGRX Y\VWĜtGiQ\ EDUYDPL SHVWUêPL EROHVWQê UĤåHQHF EXGH RGORåHQ äHQ\ ]DþDO\ Y\PHWDW
VWDYHQtDPXåLEtOLOLVWČQ\2GWRKRYãDNVRERWDVYpMPpQRQHGRVWDOD%tOiVHSRMtV EDUYRXURXFKD
NWHUpQDVREČPČOLNĜWČQFLY REGREtSUYQtKRNĜHVĢDQVWYtDOHWDNpV DNWHPNĜWXVDPRWQpKRNG\YRGD
V\PEROLFN\ SRKĜEtYi KĜtãQpKR þORYČND NĜHVW SRQRĜHQtP MH QČNG\ QD]êYiQ WDNp YRGQtP KUREHP
D ] YRG\ VH QRĜt þORYČN QRYê – RþLãWČQê RG VYêFK KĜtFKĤ $OH WR MLå SĜHGEtKiPH XGiORVWL WRKRWR
VYiWHþQtKRGQH
2GVDPpKRMLWUDSURXGLO\]iVWXS\OLGtNHNRVWHOĤPDE\SRNOHNO\SĜHG%RåtPKUREHP&RYHVQLFH
DFRMLQiIDUQRVWWRMLQiSRGRED%RåtKRKUREX1ČNGHE\OKURE SURVWê MLQGHVHIDUQtFLVQDåLOLRFR
QHMUHDOLVWLþWČMãt REUD] VNDOQtKR
KUREX V SRFKRYDQêP .ULVWHP
1LNGH YãDN SRGOH SDPČWQtNĤ
QHFK\EČOD þHVWQi VWUiå NWHURX
Y PLQXORVWLWYRĜLOLYiOHþQtYHWHUiQL
V StNDPL MLQGH WR E\OL KDVLþL
D PLQLVWUDQWL 9åG\ WR YãDN E\OD
YHONi þHVW, Y\VWĜtGDW VH X KUREX
3iQČ NH NWHUpPX SĜLFKi]HOL OLGp
] FHOp IDUQRVWL =H Y]SRPtQHN
-DQD %HLQKDXHUD ] -DNXEþRYLF VH
GRYtGiPH åH KDVLþL ]H 6NĜtSRYD
-DNXEþRYLF D +UDEVWYt SĜLFKi]HOL
k %RåtPX KUREX YH 6NĜtSRYČ
V QDOHãWČQêPL PRVD]QêPL SĜLO- 3UĤYRGKDVLþĤY äLPURYLFtFKURN
36
EDPL QD UXNiFK PČOL EtOp UXNDYLþN\ D RGČQL E\OL YH Y\FKi]NRYêFK XQLIRUPiFK .DUHO (QJOLã
YHVYêFKSDPČWHFKQDSVDOåHÄ«SĜL%RåtPKUREXNOHþHWQHE\ORVQDGQpQLNGRQHVPČOKQRXWEUYRX
DYĤEHFVHSRKQRXW7RMHRYãHPWČåNp³ 58
-Lå UiQR SĜHG NRVWHO\ SOiO\ RKQČ MHKRå GĜHYR E\OR NQČ]HP SRVYČFHQR 9ČĜtFt YNOiGDOL GR RKQČ
VYD]N\YČWYLþHN] EĜt]HNDE\] RKRĜHOêFKGĜtYHNGRPDQDGČODOLNĜtåN\NWHUp]DSLFKRYDOLGRRUQLFH
DE\ VH RELOt GDĜLOR $ ]QRYX VL SĜLSRPHQHPH VORYD .DUOD (QJOLãH NWHUpPX ] GČWVWYt VH XFKRYDOD
~VPČYQi Y]SRPtQND Ä%tOi VRERWD SĜLQHVOD Ui]HP Y\VYRER]HQt 8å UDQQt REĜDG\ Y ãHVW KRGLQ QD
KĜELWRYČNG\VHVYČWLORKHĖNWHUêVWDUêNRVWHOQtN+UXEêPČOUR]GČODWNĜHVDGOHPDOHMDNRPLQLVWUDQW
MVHPGREĜHYLGČOMDNVLN KXEFHSRWDMtSĜLORåLO]HGQLFNRXVLUNX³ 3RGOH]iSLVX-DQD9\KOtGDODSiOLO
Y KUDQLþFHKUREQtN] 0RUiYN\GĜHYR] WUXKHONWHUpVLSDNFKODSFLUR]QiãHOLGRPĤDE\MH]DStFKOLGR
]iKRQNĤVH]HOHQLQRX„aby kret NUWHN QHU\OD]DMtFQHãNRGLO³ 59
0H]LWtP KRVSRG\QČ FK\VWDO\ YHOLNRQRþQt MtGOD – SOHFRYQtN\ SOHFD VYČFHQtN\ D SRKOXGN\
+HOHQD 6DOLFKRYi SRSVDOD MDN WDNRYp SHþLYR Y\SDGDOR 3OHFRYQtN\ QČNGH VH MLP ĜtNDOR SRX]H
SOHFD VH SHNO\ ] SãHQLþQpKR WČVWD Y QČPå E\O\ ]DSHþHQp NOREiVN\ 0ČOD WR EêW SRFKRXWND
ERKDWãtFK VHGOiNĤ 9 +UDE\QL E\O SOHFHP YHONê ERFKQtN FKOHED VH ]DSHþHQêP X]HQêP PDVHP
DNOREiVNDPL6YČFHQtN\E\O\ERFKiQN\] EtOpPRXN\NWHUpNHVYpPXMPpQXSĜLãO\SRGOHWRKRåH
MH KRVSRG\QČ QRVLO\ QD 9HONRX QRF GR NRVWHOD N SRVYČFHQt $ SRKOXGN\" 9 .\MRYLFtFK VH GČODO\
WDNåH …se vzal NRXVHNWČVWDMDNRQDNROiþGRSURVWĜHGVHGDOWYDURKQHERSRYLGODDRNUDMHVHSĜHV
WRSĜHKQXO\QDþW\ĜHFKVWUDQiFKDQiGLYND]ĤVWDODQDSRYUFKX³
9 SRGYHþHUVHFHOpURGLQ\Y\GDO\QDVYiWHþQtPãL'RNRVWHODVHYQiãtSDãNiO– YHOLNRQRþQtVYtFH
MDNRV\PEROY]NĜtãHQpKR-HåtãH.ULVWDQD]iYČU]QtFKUiPHPRVODYQêFKRUiO7H'HXPODXGDPXV
7HEH %RåH FKYiOtPH =YRQ\ NWHUp RG =HOHQpKR þWYUWNX VH RGPOþHO\ VH SR QiYUDWX ] ětPD RSČW
UR]H]YRQLO\ /LGp VH QDYUDFHMt GR VYêFK GRPRYĤ DE\ ]DVHGOL N ERKDWp YHþHĜL 3RVWQt GRED MH
XNRQFH]DþtQDMtQHMYČWãtVYiWN\NĜHVĢDQĤ
Ä7DNRYê E\O SUĤEČK YQČMãt $OH NGR Y\Otþt W\ FLW\ UDGRVWL ] MDUD D 9]NĜtãHQt .GR WR QHSURåLO
QHSRFKRSt -HQ WHQ NGR åLO QD YHVQLFL DOH WDNp MHQ WHQ NGR SURGČODO REGREt SRVWQt WDN WUXFKOLYp
v koVWHOH NGR åLO QiERåHQVNêP åLYRWHP 0ČãĢiN NWHUê VH DQL SRGOH NDOHQGiĜH QHVWDUi R SRVWQt
REGREt]YOiãWČNG\åVHY QČPWDQþtVWHMQČMDNRY PDVRSXVWČNGRQHPČONQiERåHQVWYtQLNG\FLWRYpKR
Y]WDKXWRPXMHPDUQRY\NOiGDW³.DUHO(QJOLã 61
37
9HOLNRQRþQtQHGČOH– %RåtKRGYHOLNRQRþQt
3UYQtKR GQH SR VRERWČ ]D þDVQpKR MLWUD SĜLãO\ N KUREX V YRQQêPL PDVWPL NWHUp SĜLSUDYLO\
1DOH]O\YãDNNiPHQRGKUREXRGYDOHQê9HãO\GRYQLWĜDOHWČOR3iQD-HåtãHQHQDãO\$MDNQDGWtP
E\O\EH]UDGQpVWDQXOLXQLFKGYDPXåLY ]iĜtFtPURXFKX=DFKYiWLOMHVWUDFKDVNORQLO\WYiĜN zemi.
$OHRQLMLPĜHNOL³3URþKOHGiWHåLYpKRPH]LPUWYêPL"1HQt]GHE\OY]NĜtãHQ³
(YDQJHOLXP/XNiãHNDSLWROD- YHUã
äHQ\ NWHUp SĜLãO\ SRPD]DW WČOR VYpKR 0LVWUD XORåHQp YH VNDOQtP KUREČ E\OD 0DULH ] 0DJGDO\
-DQD D 0DULH -DNXERYD .iPHQ MH RGYDOHQ VPUW MH SRKOFHQD %ĤK ]YtWČ]LO 1HMYČWãt NĜHVĢDQVNê
VYiWHN– %RåtKRGYHOLNRQRþQtMH]GH9êãHSRSVDQiOLGRYi]ERåQRVWNWHUiSURYHGODGČWLLGRVSČOp
SRVWQtPREGREtPRG3RSHOHþQtVWĜHG\DåSR9HONRXQRFVODYtSUiYHPW\WRKRG\
5iQR SĜLFKi]HO\ FHOp URGLQ\ GR NRVWHOD QD VODYQRVWQt PãL 3R SRåHKQiQt VH þDVWR KRVSRGiĜL
Y\GiYDOLQDVYiSROtþNDREKOtåHWEXGRXFt~URGX9H9ČWĜNRYLFtFK„…nDYHOLNRQRþQtQHGČOLNGHNGR
VSČFKDOGRNRVWHODQDVODYQpERKRVOXåE\1DNĤUXYČWĜNRYVNpKRNRVWHOD]StYDONRVWHOQtSČYHFNêVERU
D YDUKDQ\ GRSURYi]HO RUFKHVWU PtVWQtFK KXGHEQtNĤ %\OR SR]QDW åH QČNWHUê VWUêF VL GR SOHFKX
SRĜiGQČSĜLIRXNODE\WDPWLGROHKRGREĜHVO\ãHOL
+RVSRG\QČGRPDFK\VWDOD]DWtPVYiWHþQtREČG9HVYiWN\NG\YãLFKQLRGSRþtYDMtDVHUDGXMtåHQ\
v GRPiFQRVWLPDMtQHMYtFSUiFH0DMt]HVYiWNĤQHMPHQãtUDGRVW&RN REČGXFK\VWDMt",QXYHSĜRYp
Ĝt]N\ N nim bramborový salát se smetanou, okuUNHP D NGRåYt V þtP MHãWČ DE\ E\O FKXWQê $E\ VH
SDNV\WêREČGVWUiYLOQHVFKi]tN REČGXþDMV rumem nebo rum s þDMHP 62
'tYN\ ]DþDO\ EDUYLW YDMtþND þDVWR VWDþLO\
k REDUYHQtQDåOXWRMHQFLEXORYp OLVW\QDKQČGRSDN
YêYDU] NiY\
9H 6OH]VNX VH R QHGČOQtP RGSROHGQL GUåHO ]Y\N
FKR]HQt QD SROH ]D ÄãNUREDQNHP³ 3URWRåH
SĜHY\SUiYČQtP Y]SRPtQHN +HOHQ\ 6DOLFKRYp E\ VH
] WH[WX Y\WUDWLOD SRH]LH ]DFK\FHQpKR RNDPåLNX
SĜLQiãtPHMHMtY]SRPtQiQtY QHNUiFHQpSRGREČ 63
9 QHGČOL 9HOLNRQRþQt VH åiGQp GČFNR QHPRKOR
GRþNDW RGSROHGQH QHERĢ WHć SĜLãOR WR QDþ VH MLå
WČãLOR RG MHGQČFK 9HOLNRQRF NH GUXKêP 3R REČGČ
QiV PDWLþND XVWURMLOL SČNQČ XþHVDOL D ]DSOHWOL GR
YUNRþĤ 3DN QiP GDOL NDåGp QČNROLN SURXWNĤ
VYČFHQêFK NRFDQHN NRþLþHN 'YD SURXWN\]DVWUþLOL
]D IXWUD QDG GYHĜH DE\ QiV 3iQ %ĤK FKUiQLO RGH
YãHKR ]OpKR D NDåGi MVPH PXVHO\ WĜL NRFDQN\
VSRONQRXW7RDE\VHQiVQHFK\WODåiGQiQHPRF
Ä7Xå GLWČ V NĜHVQLþNXP QD WHKR ãNUREDQND
VNĜLYiQNDDQČEXćWČUR]SXVWQH³SĜLND]RYDOLQiPmDWLþND
3URWRåH MVPH MDNR KRIHĜL QHPČOL DQL GODĖ SROH QHPRKOL MVPH MtW QD ãNUREDQND V PDWLþNRX
FKRGtYDO\MVPHWHG\V NĜHVQLþNRX/LFKRXQDMHMLFKSROH
.G\å MVPH SĜLãO\ GR JUXQWX NĜHVQLþND Xå QD QiV þHNDOL 3ĜHKRGLOL VL SĜHV UDPHQD K\WX Y]DOL
PDOpKR0DQXOND]DUXNXDY\ãO\MVPH] JUXQWXSĜHV]DGQLþHNQD=iKXPHQtNGHVHWiKO\GORXKpOiQ\
MHMLFK SROt Då GROĤ N SRWRNX .G\å MVPH SĜLãOL QD MHMLFK PH] ĜHNOL QiP NĜHVQLþND
Ä'ČYXFK\YHPWČ0DQXOND]DUXNXNDåGDV MHGQHVWUDQ\DEČåWHSRSĜHG\ERQČPRåHPSRPHåHLãĢ
YãHFLYUD]DVWUNDMWČFRNXVHNGRSRODNRFDQN\V NĜLåLþNRPDNĜtåN\VHXVWURXKDO\] SUXWĤOtVN\-D
SXMGX SRPDO\ ]D YDPD ER PČ QRK\ EROD (QHP VH QČRKOLGDMWČ D GLWČ IXUW GROXY D GLYDMWČ VH NDM
ãNUREDQHNOHWL
7DNMVPHãO\SRPH]LSRĜiGGROĤDVWUNDO\QDRNUDMSROHYåG\FN\GYDMtYRYpSURXWN\DMHGHQNĜtåHN
3RVOXãQê SĜtND]X NĜHVQLþN\ QHRKOtåHO\ MVPH VH GR]DGX 7X Y]OpWO QiP QDG KODYRX VNĜLYiQHN WDP
38
QHGDOHNRGUXKêDOHWČOLY\VRNRDåGRREODNDVKĤU\]StYDOLVYRMHWU\ON\MDNRE\V\SDOL]H]REiþNĤ
SHUOLþN\QD]HP9RODOLMVPH] SOQêFKSOLF
ÄâNUREDQNXVKD]XMQDP³
.G\åMVPHYãHFN\NRFDQN\DNĜLåLþN\ Y\Vi]HO\EČåHO\MVPHSRVYDKXGROĤ.ĜHVQLþNDE\OLMHãWČQD
NRSHþNXDYRODO\ ]DQDPL
Ä'ČWLSRWČQD]SDGHNSXMGČP\GRGRPDSRGLYDP\VHHåOLFRãNUREDQHNVKRGLO³
-DNRQDSRYHOMVPHVHREUDWLO\DEČåHO\SRPH]LGRNRSFH7RE\ORSRWRPMiVRWXDYêVNiQtNG\å
MVPH X NDåGpKR SURXWNX D NĜLåLþNX QDãO\ QDGČOHQt RG ãNUREDQND 7X OHåHO FXNURYDQê SRKOXGHk, u
GDOãtFK ]DMtþHN WDP ]DVH EtOi RYHþND V SHQWOLþNRX NROHP NUNX QHER EDUHYQê NRKRXWHN V þHUYHQêP
StUNHPPtVWRRFDVXSRYLMDQHODOLþN\SDQHQN\Y SHĜLQFHz SHUQtNĤPDORYDQiYDMtþNDPDUFLSiQRYp
VUGFH SHUQtNRYê NĤĖ V KXVDUHP ]GREHQê FXNURYêP ãQČURYiQtP QX MDN SUDYtP WČåNR VH WČFK
SRNODGĤGRSRþtWDW
.ĜHVQLþND PRXGĜH UR]GČOLO\ FR NRPX SDWĜLOR D WDN MVPH V SOQRX ]iVWČUNRX WRKR YHOLNRQRþQtKR
QDGČOHQtXWtNDO\GRPĤDXåQDGYRUNXNĜLþHO\
Ä0DWLþNRPDWLþNRSRGLYDMWČVHFRQiPãNUREDQHNVKRGLO³
)UDQWLãHN %DUWRã Y NQL]H 1DãH GČWL SRSLVXMH VWHMQê SUĤEČK FKR]HQt QD ãNUREiQND DOH þDVRYČ MHM
]DĜD]XMH Då QD RGSROHGQH YHOLNRQRþQtKR SRQGČOt $ StãH Ä.UiVQê WR MLVWČ ]Y\N MLPå VH Y GtWČWi
vzbuzuje láska k PLOpPXSWiþNX.“ 64
9HOLNRQRþQtSRQGČOt
1D YHOLNRQRþQt SRQGČOt VH Y 2SDYVNpP
6OH]VNXFKRGLORQDÄN\þNRYiQt³QHERWDNpQD
ÄãPLJUXVW³ 3ĤYRG WpWR WUDGLFH Y\VYČWOXMH
ýHQČN=tEUWWDNåHÄNG\å3iQ.ULVWXVYVWDO]
PUWYêFK OLGp VWiOL QD XOLFtFK MHUX]aOHPVNêFK
v ]iVWXSHFK YRODMtFH „9VWDO ] PUWYêFK 9VWDO
z PUWYêFK“ äLGpMHPUVNDMtFHUR]KiQČOLDQD
SDPiWNX WRKR VODYt VH PUVNDþND³ 65 7HQWR
YêNODG YHOLNRQRþQtKR SRQGČOt QHVH ]QDN\
OLGRYpKRY\SUDYČþVWYtDWČåNRVHPXGiYČĜLW
SĜHVWR VH ]GH RGUiåt OLGRYi ]ERåQRVW D VQDKD
R ]DVD]HQt WČFKWR ]Y\NĤ GR WHRORJLFNpKR
UiPFH 9 PLQXORVWL YãDN EêYDOR ]Y\NHP åH
SR YHONpP VYiWNX NWHUê VH NRQDO Y QHGČOL
EêYDOR SRQGČOt YROQp NGH VH RGYtMHO\ UĤ]Qp
]Y\N\ D WUDGLFH REFH, aĢ Xå MH WR SUiYČ
9HOLNRQRþQtSRQGČOtQHERQDSĜtNODGSRQGČOHN
6YDWRGXãQt
)DUiĜ %|KP VOH]VNê EXGLWHO R NWHUpP
.DUHO (QJOLã SURKOiVLO åH MH SDWULDUFKRX
]DãOêFK GRE D NWHUê SĤVRELO Y KUDE\ĖVNp
IDUQRVWL RG URNX SURQiãHO QD
9HOLNRQRþQt SRQGČOt SĜHG Ni]iQtP YČWX
„Šmigrust QDVWDODE\MHGHQGUXKpKRãDVWDO³
1a OSDYVNX VH YČWãLQRX FKRGLOR GRSROHGQH
SROpYDWGČYþDWDRGSROHGQH FKODSFLFKRGLOLQD
N\þNRYiQt Y ~WHUê VH UROH REUiWLO\ D GČYþDWD
FKRGLODQDFKODSFH
7DWDU QHERWDNpSOHWHQHF
39
6KRGQČ SRSVDOL .DUHO (QJOLã D -LĜt %HLQKDXHU
] -DNXEþRYLF MDN VL FKODSFL Y\UiEČOL VWĜtNDþN\ QD SROpYiQt
GČYþDW ] EH]RYêFK YČWYLþHN 9 SRQGČOt FKRGLOL NOXFL QD
ÄãPLJUXVW³3ROpYDOLGČYþDWDYRGRXQČNWHĜtPČOL]KRWRYHQ\
VWĜtNDþN\z þHUQpKREH]XNWHUêPČOXYQLWĜW]YGXãLNWHUiVH
GDOD Y\WODþLW 1D MHGQRP NRQFL VH GtUD XFSDOD GĜHYHP,
åKDYêP GUiWHP VH Y\SiOLOD PDOi GtUND ] GUXKp VWUDQ\ VH
QDSDVRYDO StVW D E\OD VWĜtNDþND 9ãH WR IXQJRYDOR EH]
YRĖDYN\ QHER NROtQVNp YRG\ 1ČNGR PČO XSOHWHQê WDWDU
QČNGR YČWYLþNX ] MDORYFH QHER YRĖDYp GRXJODVN\ 66 .G\å
QHE\OD EH]RYi VWĜtNDþND VWDþLOR YČGUR QHER L SOHFKRYê
KUQHN 9 .DWHĜLQNiFK QD SROpYiQt Y\FKi]HOL POiGHQFL MLå
SR SĤOQRFL Y GRSURYRGX KXGE\ D V OiKYHPL YtQD QD
ÄSRþDVWRYDQRX³ 'RSĜHGX MLå PČOL GRPOXYHQR GR NWHUêFK
GRPĤ VH SĤMGH 7HQWR SUĤYRG PtYDO PQRKR GLYiNĤ
0OiGHQFL QDOpYDOL YtQD KRVSRGiĜĤP KRVSRG\QtP L SROLWêP
GČYþDWĤP
,Y MLQêFKYHVQLFtFKEêYDOR]Y\NHPåHPOiGHQFLY\FKi]HOL
6WĜtNDþND] EH]X
SROpYDW GČYþDWD MHãWČ ]D WP\ ãNROiFL Y\FKi]HOL EU]\ UiQR
DåHQDWtPXåLEČKHPGRSROHGQH.\þN\VHSOHWO\] þW\ĜSČWL
LRVPLYUERYêFKSUXWĤQČNG\VHSRXåtYDODLEDUHYQiNĤåH'ČYþDWĤPVHSRN\þNRYDO\QRK\DE\MLP
GREĜHFKRGLO\DSĜLPX]LFHWDQþLO\
9 2WLFtFKFKODSFLSĜLN\þNRYiQtSURQiãHOL
Ä9LQãXMHPYiPYHVHOpVYDWHþN\
.ULVWDSiQDY]NĜtãHQt$OOHOXMD
aleluja, aleluja.“
Ä9HONRQRFHYHONRQRFHNDMVWČWDNGOXKRE\O\"
8VWXGHQN\XSRWRNDUXN\QRK\P\O\
6YDWê-XĜLMHGČN nam,
SRYDMtþNXYH]HQiP
QDPQDPQDPW\PRWLFN\PPODGHQFRPÄ
-LQGHFKODSFLUHFLWRYDOL
9\ãODKYČ]GDGR5XåGLND
GDMWČYDMHFGRNRãLND
1ČGDYDMWČQDPMHGQHKR
bo se zbijem kolem QČKR
'DMWČY\QDPGYČWĜLãWtU\
DåVHV QLPDSRGČOLP\
9H6ODYNRYČNROHGRYDOL
9\ãODKYČ]GDGR+OLQLND
ERWHQNRãLNMHEH]HGQD
DåMHSOQ\GRSROHGĖD 67
ýHQČN=tEUWXYiGtMHãWČGDOãtNROHG\NWHUpVHYH6OH]VNXSURQiãHO\R9HOLNRQRþQtPSRQGČOt
.GREH]N\þN\WHKRG\FN\
6WDYDMUDQR0DULMDQR
SHþNRODþHQDYDĜWDWČ
NXU\SLãþXQDRKQLãþX
NRNRW]SLYDGDYDMSLYD.
'LĢDSODþHGDMNRODþH
-DNQČGDãNRODþD
WRGDMVYČFHQLND
DMDNQČGDãVYČFHQLND
WRWČYVDGLPGRNUPLND
a jak nČGDãFKOHED
WRWČKRGLPGRQHED
9LQãXMHPYDPãWČĞWt]GUDYL
YHVHOHVYDWHþN\
.ULVWD3DQD9]NĜLãHQL
DE\VWHGRþNDOLURNX
QČWDNURNXDOHPQRKROHW
v PHQãLPKĜLFKXDYČWãLUDGRVWL
&KODSFL RG GČYþDW GRVWDOL ]D YêVOXåNX PDORYDQi YDMtþND UĤ]Qp ÄSDVNXG\³ QHEROL SDPOVN\
SHUQtNRYiVUGFHREþDVKXELþNX
9 ~WHUê VL GtYN\ QHQHFKDO\ XMtW SĜtOHåLWRVW RSODWLW FKODSFĤP YþHUHMãt ãPLJUXVW D SROLWt ýDVWR VH
VYpKRSUiYD]KRVWLO\LV WtPåHQHGRVWDO\QDUR]GtORGFKODSFĤåiGQRXYêVOXåNX3URFKODSFHE\OR
WRKR GQH REWtåQpSURMtWYHVQLFtEH]WRKR åH E\ VH QD QČ QHVQHVODVSUãNDYRG\] QČMDNpKRVWDYHQt
ýDVWR GtYN\ SRXåLO\ L OVWt DE\ FKODSFH PRKO\ SRĜiGQČ VPRþLW -HGQX WDNRYRX SRSVDO YH VYêFK
Y]SRPtQNiFK.DUHO(QJOLã
7DN MHGQRX Y ~WHUê YHOLNRQRþQt ãOD 1DQ\QNa z IDU\ N -LĜtNRYL åH KR GiYDMt YHOHEQê SiQ
SR]GUDYRYDW DE\ ãHO VSUDYLW SRGODKX YH ÄVYLQVNpP FKOpYNX DE\ VL SUDViWNR QHSROiPDOR QRKX³
-LĜtWRVHYtKQHGXWtNDOYåG\ĢSĜiQtSDQDIDUiĜHE\ORUR]ND]HPDYOH]OGRFKOtYNXDE\]MLVWLONGH
MHSRGODKDprolomena. $OHEČGD-DNWDPYOH]O]DSDGOD]iYRUDE\O]DYĜHQ$VKRUDXåVHVOpYDO\
SXWQ\QDMHKRXERKRXKODYXSURWRåHDQLRQYRG\GHQSĜHGWtPQHãHWĜLO
41
'8%(1 – 69$7é-,ěË
6YDWê-LĜt
6YDWê -LĜt MH XYiGČQ MDNR QHRKURåHQê
ERMRYQtN NWHUê SUR VYRX YtUX SRGVWRXSLO
PXþHGQLFNRX VPUW 3RGOH QČNWHUêFK YêNODGĤ
SRFKi]t MPpQR -LĜt ] ĜHFNpKR MPpQD Georgios
DR]QDþXMHÄUROQtND]HPČGČOFH³-HKRVYiWHNVL
SĜLSRPtQiPHGXEQD
-LĜt VH QDURGLO Y VWROHWt Q O Y .DSSDGRFLL
YGQHãQtPVHYHUR]iSDGQtP7XUHFNX9\UĤVWDO
Y NĜHVĢDQVNpURGLQČ-HKRRWHFURYQČåSRFKi]HO
] .DSSDGRFLHDVORXåLOMDNRGĤVWRMQtNY ĜtPVNp
DUPiGČ , RQ SUR VYRX YtUX SRGVWRXSLO
PXþHGQLFNRX VPUW -HKR PDWND SRFKi]HOD
] /\GG\ Y GQHãQtP ,]UDHOL D SR VPUWL VYpKR
PXåH VH YUiWLOD GR URGQpKR PČVWD NGH -LĜtPX
XPRåQLOD Y]GČOiQt -LĜt SRGREQČ MDNR MHKR
RWHF QDVWRXSLO Y GRVSČORVWL GR DUPiG\ =D VYp
VOXåE\ þDVHP GRViKO KRGQRVWL SOXNRYQtND
ĜtPVNp DUPiG\ GRNRQFH E\O þOHQHP RVREQt
VWUiåHĜtPVNpKRFtVDĜH'LRNOHFLiQD9 URFH FtVDĜ 'LRNOHFLiQ Y\GDO HGLNW\ NWHUp
XPRåĖRYDO\ SURQiVOHGRYiQt NĜHVĢDQĤ 9 Wp
GREČ VH -LĜt YHĜHMQČ SĜL]QDO NH VYp YtĜH
D NULWL]RYDO FtVDĜVNp UR]KRGQXWt 'LRNOHFLiQ MHKR VORYD R]QDþLO MDNR ]UDGX D QHFKDO -LĜtKR ]EtW
åHOH]QêPLW\þHPLDXYUKOMHMGRYČ]HQt7UDGXMHVHåHKRFtVDĜFKWČOQHFKDWLRWUiYLW9ãHFKQ\W\WR
~NODG\YãDN-LĜt]i]UDþQČSĜHåLO
1iVOHGRYDORGDOãtPXþHQtNWHUpPČORSĜLPČW-LĜtKRDE\VHY]GDOVYpYtU\Y .ULVWD.G\åVY-LĜt
QHXVWRXSLOD]ĤVWDOVWiOHQHREORPQêYHVYpYtĜHFtVDĜ'LRNOHFLiQUR]KRGODE\E\O-LĜtURNXVĢDW
PHþHP SĜHG EUDQRX PČVWD /\GG\ 9\SUiYt VH åH L FtVDĜRYQD $OH[DQGUD PČOD EêW WČPLWR VNXWN\
D %RåtPL ]i]UDN\ RKURPHQD QDWROLN åH VH VWDOD NĜHVĢDQNRX 3URWR L RQD E\OD VSROHþQČ V -LĜtP
SRSUDYHQDSĜHGEUDQDPLPČVWD
.H VYDWpPX -LĜt VH YiåH L MLQi OHJHQGD NWHUi Y\SUiYt åH VH YH PČVWČ .\UpQČ Y /LE\L SĜtPR
XSUDPHQHNWHUêYRGRX]iVRERYDOFHOpPČVWRXKQt]GLOGUDND]SĤVRERYDOOLGHPYHONpREWtåH$E\
OLGp RGOiNDOL GUDND ]H VYpKR KQt]GD PXVHOL PX NDåGê GHQ SĜHGNOiGDW QiYQDGX Y SRGREČ OLGVNp
REČWL-HGQRKRGQHNUiOQDĜtGLODE\QiVOHGQiREČĢE\ODY\EUiQDORVHP.G\åORVSDGOQDNUiORYVNRX
GFHUX]RXIDOêNUiOSURVLORPLORVWDVQDåLOVH]DEUiQLWWRPXWRWUHVWXY\NRXSHQtP]ODWHPþLVWĜtEUHP
DYãDN OLG E\O MHKR UR]KRGQXWtP WDN UR]KRUOHQ åH NUiOL QH]EêYDOR QLF MLQpKR QHå SĜHGORåLW VYRML
GFHUXGUDNRYL
-DNPLOHSULQFH]QDRGČQiYHVYDWHEQtPURXãHSĜHGVWRXSLODSĜHGGUDND]QHQDGiQtVHREMHYLOU\WtĜQD
EtOpP NRQL D PHþHP QČNGH XYiGČQR RãWČSHP þL YH VWĜHGRYČNêFK URPDQFtFK NRStP ]DELO GUDND
DSULQFH]QX]DFKUiQLO7tPQHRKURåHQêPU\WtĜHPQHE\OQLNGRMLQêQHåOLVYDWê-LĜt
3RWRPWRVNXWNXVHPQR]tYHPČVWČREUiWLOLNHNĜHVĢDQVWYtDQHFKDOLVHSRNĜWtW
1D]QDPHQtWpWRXGiORVWLNUiOQHFKDOSRVWDYLWNRVWHONWHUêE\O]DVYČFHQê 3DQQČ0DULLDVY-LĜt
8FKUiPXY\WU\VNOSUDPHQåLYpYRG\QHPRFQtNWHĜtVH] QČMQDSLOLE\OL]i]UDþQČX]GUDYHQL
1HMþDVWČML MH VYDWê -LĜt Y\REUD]RYiQ QD NRQL MDNR U\WtĜ YH ]EURML NWHUê VYêP NRStP ]DEtMt VDĖ
'UDNY WRPWR]REUD]HQtSĜHGVWDYXMHSRKDQVNRXYtUXSĜtSDGQČ]OpDQHþLVWpVtO\
6YDWê -LĜt MH SDWURQHP PQRKD QiURGĤ UROQtNĤ VHGOiNĤ D ]HPČGČOFĤ YRMiNĤ SUĤ]NXPQtNĤ
OXNRVWĜHOFĤVNDXWĤĜH]QtNĤLPDORPRFQêFK
42
1. .9ċ7(1– 69$7é),/,3$-$.8%
6YDWê)LOLS
)LOLSVHQDURGLOY VWROHWt%\OMHGQtP] GYDQiFWL
DSRãWROĤ-HåtãRYêFK1iOHåHON SUYQtP XþHGQtNĤP
-HåtãRYêP Y VH]QDPX DSRãWROĤ VWRMt QD SiWpP
PtVWČ KQHG ]D EUDWU\ 3HWUHP D 2QGĜHMHP -DNXEHP D -DQHP 9 %LEOL 0DWRXãRYR HYDQJHOLXP
NDSLWROD Då YHUã VH GRVORYQČ StãH
Ä-PpQDWČFKGYDQiFWLDSRãWROĤMVRXSUYQtâLPRQ
]YDQê 3HWU MHKR EUDWU 2QGĜHM -DNXE =HEHGHĤY
MHKR EUDWU -DQ )LOLS %DUWRORPČM 7RPiã FHOQtN
0DWRXã-DNXE$OIHĤY7DGHiãâLPRQ.DQDQHMVNê
D,ãNDULRWVNê-LGiãNWHUêKRSDN]UDGLO³
)LOLS SRFKi]HO ] %HWVDLG\ PČVWD 2QGĜHMRYD
D 3HWURYD äLYLO VH MDNR U\EiĜ X *HQH]DUHWVNpKR
MH]HUD 9 ELEOLFNpP VORYQtNX VH XYiGt åH )LOLS
V QHMYČWãt SUDYGČSRGREQRVWt QiOHåHO NH VNXSLQČ
JDOLOHMVNêFK YHQNRYDQĤ NWHĜt QDVORXFKDOL Ni]iQt
-DQD .ĜWLWHOH 0H]L GYDQiFWL XþHGQtN\ SDWĜt )LOLS
PH]LSUDNWLFNpPXåH-HGQX]H]QiPêFKSURPOXY
)LOLSD V -HåtãHP QDOH]QHPH Y HYDQJHOLX -DQRYČ
NDSLWROD Då YHUã NG\ -Håtã VH VYêPL
XþHGQtN\Y\VWRXSLOQiVOHGRYiQYHOLNêP]iVWXSHP
OLGt QD KRUX X 7LEHULDGVNpKR MH]HUD Y *DOLOHML .G\å VH -Håtã UR]KOpGO D YLGČO åH N QČPX SĜLFKi]t
þHWQê]iVWXSĜHNO)LOLSRYLÄ.GHQDNRXStPHFKOHEDDE\VHYãLFKQLQDMHGOL"³7RYãDNĜHNODE\KR
]NRXãHO ViP WRWLå YČGČO FR FKFH XþLQLW )LOLS PX RGSRYČGČO Ä$QL ]D GYČ VWČ GHQiUĤ FKOHED
QHSRVWDþt DE\ VH QD NDåGpKR DOHVSRĖ QČFR GRVWDOR³ 1iVOHGRYDOR ]QiPp QDV\FHQt SČWL WLVtFĤ OLGt
] SRXKêFKSČWLFKOHEĤDGYRXU\ESĜLþHPåQDVEtUDOLMHãWČGYDQiFWNRãĤV QDOiPDQêPLGtO\FKOHEĤ
NWHUpSRMtGOH]E\O\
3RGOH 6NXWNĤ DSRãWROVNêFK NDSLWROD YHUã PČO )LOLS þW\ĜL GFHU\ SURURN\QČ D MHKR
VNXWHþQêP WUYDOêP E\GOLãWČP E\OD SUDYGČSRGREQČ &DHVDUHD .H NRQFL VYpKR åLYRWD VH PČO )LOLS
RGVWČKRYDWVWĜHPLGFHUDPLGR0DOp$VLH.i]DOYH)U\JLLNGHPQRKR SRKDQĤSĜLMDOo NĜHVĢDQVWYt
/HJHQGD Y\SUiYt åH SR VHVOiQt 'XFKD VYDWpKR RGHãHO )LOLS Ni]DW HYDQJHOLXP GR )ULJLH Y 0DOp
$VLL D FHVWRX VH ]DVWDYLO YH 6N\WKLL NGH PČO ~GDMQČ ]ĤVWDW OHW 3RKDQp MHM QXWLOL DE\ REČWRYDO
MHMLFKERKX0DUWRYL.G\åYHOHNQČ]ĤYV\Q]DþDOSĜLSUDYRYDWRKHĖSURREČĢQiKOHVH]SRGPRGO\
Y\QRĜLO YHONê GUDN D NQČ]H ]DELO 3RGOH OHJHQG\ PČO WDNRYRX PRF åH QD NRKR GUDN GêFKO WHQ
RQHPRFQČO 6YDWê )LOLS åiGDO OLG DE\ KR XSRVOHFKOL ]ERĜLOL PRGOX D QD MHMt PtVWR Y\VWDYČOL NĜtå
-HåtãH .ULVWD .G\å SDN EXGRX XFWtYDW .ULVWD PRKRX RþHNiYDW YHONp ]i]UDN\ )LOLS YH MPpQX
.ULVWRYČ SRUXþLO GUDNRYL DE\ RGHãHO GR SRXãWČ D YtFH QHãNRGLO OLGHP 1D PtVWČ SDN NĜtVLO PUWYp
D X]GUDYRYDO QHPRFQp NĜWLO MH D Ni]DO R .ULVWX 9H PČVWČ +LHUDSROLV )LOLS ]HPĜHO 1HQt ]FHOD
MHGQR]QDþQp]GDOL)LOLS]HPĜHOPXþHGQLFNRXVPUWtXNDPHQRYiQtPQDNĜtåL
6YiWHNVYDWpKR)LOLSDE\OSRGOHVWDUpKROLWXUJLFNpKRNDOHQGiĜHVODYHQNYČWQDVSROHþQČV MLQêP
DSRãWROHPVYDWêP-DNXEHP'QHVMHY NDWROLFNpPNDOHQGiĜLVYiWHNVY)LOLSDD-DNXEDXVWDQRYHQQD
NYČWQD1RFSĜHGNYČWQHPMHQD]êYiQDMDNRILOLSRMDNXEVNi
)LOLSEêYiY\REUD]RYiQMDNRVWDĜHFQHERQDRSDNMDNRPODGtN$WULEXW\VHNWHUêPLEêYiQHMþDVWČML
]Qi]RUĖRYiQ MVRX NĜtåYHWYDUX7QHERNĜtå V GYRMLWêP SĜtþQêP EĜHYQHPEHUODV NĜtåHPNiPHQ
PHþNQLKDQHERVYLWHNPtVD]HNWHUpVHYLQHKDGNRãV ERFKQtN\DU\EDPL
-HSDWURQHPNORERXþQtNĤNRåHOXKĤNUDPiĜĤFXNUiĜĤ
43
6YDWê-DNXE
6YiWHN VYDWpKR -DNXED VL SĜLSRPtQiPH VSROHþQČ
V MLQêPDSRãWROHP)LOLSHPNYČWQD
-DNXE SRFKi]HO ] PČVWD 1D]DUHWu 3ĤVRELO
SĜHYiåQČY -HUX]DOpPČNGHPČOLYĤGþtSRVWDYHQt
'RNRQFH ]GH E\O SRNOiGiQ ]D SUYQtKR
MHUX]DOpPVNpKR ELVNXSD -DNXE EUDWU -HåtãĤY MDN
EêYi QD QČNWHUêFK PtVWHFK Y %LEOL R]QDþRYiQ (viz
6NXWN\, 12. kapitola, YHUã MH SRYDåRYiQ ]D
MHGQRKR ]H VORXSĤ MHUX]DOpPVNpKR VERUX .G\å
SR]QDOLPLORVWNWHUiPLE\ODGiQD– -DNXED3HWU
D-DQNWHĜtE\OLX]QiYiQL]DVORXS\FtUNYH– SRGDOL
PQČ D %DUQDEiãRYL SUDYLFL QD VWYU]HQt QDãt
GRKRG\ åH P\ SĤMGHPH PH]L SRKDQ\ D RQL PH]L
åLG\ OLVW *DODWVNêP, 2. kapitola, 1.-1 YHUã
6YDWê-DNXEEêYDOWDNpQD]êYiQÄVSUDYHGOLYê³SUR
SĜtVQČ GRGUåRYDQê QD]LUHMVNê VOLE D XVWDYLþQp
PRGOLWE\]DOLG3RGREQČMDNR)LOLSåLOY VWROHWtD
E\OMHGQtP] GYDQiFWLDSRãWROĤ-HåtãRYêFKNWHUpKR
VLViP-HåtãSRYRODO]DDSRãWROD9 1RYpP]iNRQČ
EêYi-DNXER]QDþHQV GRGDWNHPMDNRV\Q$OIHĤY
%LEOLFNê VORYQtN 68 XYiGt åH SRGOH WUDGLFH E\O
-DNXEĤY RWHF $OIHXV MLQê SĜHSLV MPpQD .OHRIiã
WRWRåQê V RWFHP /pYLRYêP $ NG\å ãHO GiO YLGČO
/HYLKRV\QD$OIHRYDMDNVHGtY FHOQLFLDĜHNOPXÄ3RMć]DPQRX³0DUHN, NDSLWRODYHUã
9 %LEOLFNpP VORYQtNX VH WDNp KRYRĜt R -DNXERYL PDOpP PHQãtP þL PODGãtP NWHUê E\ VQDG PČO
EêW WRWRåQê V -DNXEHP $OIHRYêP -DNXERYD PDWND VH MPHQRYDOD 0DULH .OHRIiãRYD D PČOD EêW
~GDMQČVHVWURXQHEREOt]NRXSĜtEX]QRX3DQQ\0DULHNWHUiVWiODSRG-HåtãRYêPNĜtåHPÒGDMQČPČO
PtWVYDWê-DNXEWĜLEUDWU\6LPHRQD-RVHIDDVY-XGX7DGHiãH8YiGtVHåH-DNXEE\OY NĜHVĢDQVNp
FtUNYL ]DVWiQFHP NRQ]HUYDWLYQtKR MXGDLVWLFNpKR VPČUX $VL URNX E\O XNDPHQRYiQ QD SRGQČW
YHOHNQČ]H$QDQD,QIRUPDFLRVPUWL-DNXEDQiPSRGiYiåLGRYVNêKLVWRULN-RVHIXV)ODYLXVYHVYêFK
äLGRYVNêFKVWDURåLWQRVWHFKQDSVDQêFKY ětPČNRQFHPVWROHWt
6YDWê -DNXE E\O VYêP SRVWRMHP N YtĜH -HåtãH .ULVWD QHREOtEHQ PH]L IDUL]HMFL D ]iNRQtN\ 7L SR
QČP GRNRQFH åiGDOL DE\ SURKOiVLO NĜHVĢDQVNRX YtUX ]D QHSUDYRX 6YDWê -DNXE YãDN QHSRGOHKO
QiWODNX
7UDGXMHVHåHMDNPLOH-DNXEXNRQþLOY -HUX]DOpPVNpPFKUiPXVYRMLĜHþ]PRFQLOLVHKRQHSĜiWHOp
VKRGLOLKR] FLPEXĜtD]DþDOLMHMNDPHQRYDW-DNXEQHå]HPĜHOPRGOLOVH]DW\NWHĜtMHMNDPHQRYDOL
-HGHQ þORYČN ] GDYX VL SRþtQiQt -DNXED YãLPO D RVWDWQt QD WR XSR]RUQLO $YãDN MHGHQ YDOFKDĜ WR
XVO\ãHO SRSDGO VRFKRU GĜHYČQê N\M NWHUêP QDPiþHO VXNQD D VPUWHOQČ XGHĜLO -DNXED GR KODY\
6YDWê-DNXEE\OSDNSRKĜEHQQDPtVWČXPXþHQt -HKRRVWDWN\E\O\Y VWROHWtSĜHQHVHQ\GRětPD
GRFKUiPX'YDQiFWLDSRãWROĤ
0H]LDWULEXW\V NWHUêPLEêYiVYDWê-DNXEY\REUD]RYiQSDWĜtYDOFKDĜVNiW\þN\MNQLKDVYLWHNQHER
NDPHQt
6YDWê-DNXEMHSDWURQHPNORERXþQtNĤNRåHOXKĤYDOFKDĜĤFXNUiĜĤDOpNiUQtNĤ
44
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR)LOLSDD-DNXED–
ILOLSRMDNXEVNiQRF
)LOLSRMDNXEVNp QRFL – QRFL ] GXEQD QD NYČWna –
SĜLSLVRYDOL QDãL SĜHGNRYp YHONê Yê]QDP %\OD WR QRF
WDMXSOQiQRFNRX]HOþDURGČMQêFKUHMĤDPDJLH 3ĜHGPRFt
þDURGČMQLF QDãL SĜHGFL FKUiQLOL MLQêPL PDJLFNêPL
SUDNWLNDPL VYĤM GRE\WHN VWDYHQt DOH KODYQČ VHEH
VDPRWQp9 QDãHPUHJLRQXSRGREQČMDNRWRPXE\OR L QD
0RUDYČ D Y ýHFKiFK VH VWDYHQt FKOpY\ DOH NXSĜtNODGX
L KQRMLãWČ RVD]RYDO\ ]HOHQêPL YUERYêPL SUXW\ NWHUp
E\O\ VWR RFKUiQLW SĜHG SĤVREHQtP þDURGČMQLF 7RWR
ÄFHMFKRYiQt³ VWDYHQt ]HOHQêPL UDWROHVWPL YH YHVQLFtFK
2SDYVNpKR 6OH]VND Y\FKi]HOR ] SRYČVWL NWHUi VH
WUDGRYDODMHQRPV PHQãtPLREPČQDPLY ãLURNpPRNROt
1DVYêFKDSRãWROVNêFKFHVWiFKE\OLVYDWê)LOLSD-DNXE
FK\FHQLDXYČ]QČQLREDY MHGQRPGRPČ6WDORVHWRY QRFLDDE\äLGpUiQRSR]QDOLNWHUêMHWRGĤP
]DVWUþLOL]DSORW ]HOHQRXKDOX]NX$OHMHãWČWpåHQRFLSĜLãHODQGČODVWHMQRXKDOX]NX]DVWUþLO]DNDåGi
YUDWD.G\åUiQRSĜLãOLäLGpDE\DSRãWRO\RGYHGOLQHSR]QDOLXåRQHQGĤPDQHYČGČOLY NWHUpPMH
PDMt KOHGDW , ]DþDOL SURKOHGiYDW MHGHQ YHGOH GUXKpKR DOH PH]LWtP VH RED VYDWt ãĢDVWQČ Y\WUDWLOL
] GČGLQ\DWDNSURWXWR FKYtOLXãOLSURQiVOHGRYDWHOĤP 69
1ČNGH VH GR RNHQ VWDYHQt ]DVRXYDO\ NĜtåLþN\ XGČODQp ] YČWYLþHN YUE QHER NORNRþt .ĜtåN\ VH
]DStFKiYDO\LGRWUiYQtNĤSĜHGVWDYHQtDE\Ä]OêQHãNRGLODþDURGČMQLFHQHPČO\SĜtVWXSX³ -LQGHQD2SDYVNXEČKHPWpWRQRFLKOHGDO\GtYN\QDORXNiFKDVWUiQtFKÄ]HOLQN\SĜLćNXPČ³NWHUp
ILOLSRMDNXEVNi QRF RþDURYDOD WDN åH L NG\E\ GtYND E\OD VHEHYtF QHSČNQi NG\å WXWR N\WLþNX EXGH
QRVLWXVHEHGRURNDVHYGi$NWHUpEêOtVHÄ]HOLQNRXSĜLćNXPČ³P\VOt"7RVHXåY QiURGRSLVQêFK
SUDPHQHFKQHXYiGt
3iOHQtþDURGČMQLF
3ĜHVWRåH VH Y PQRKD RGERUQêFK SXEOLNDFtFK StãH åH SiOHQt þDURGČMQLF MH SUDGiYQê ]Y\N
Y QiURGRSLVQêFK VEtUNiFK ] 2SDYVNpKR 6OH]VND DQL Y PtVWQtFK REHFQtFK NURQLNiFK QHQt o tpWR
VODYQRVWL åiGQi ]PtQND /]H VRXKODVLW V KLVWRULNHP 9ODVWLPLOHP 9RQGUXãNRX NWHUê ĜtNi åH VLFH
SRKDQpSĜLQiãHOLQDRKQtFKQČMDNpSRKDQVNpREČWLDOHSiOHQtþDURGČMQLFMHQRYRWYDUVWROHWt-HãWČ
Y VWROHWtQDKUDQLFtFKNRQþLO\REČWLLQNYL]LþQtFKSURFHVĤQHPĤåHPHWHG\SĜHGSRNOiGDWåHE\VL
Y WpWR GREČ OLGp GČODOL OHJUDFL ] SiOHQt þDURGČMQLF 1DNRQHF YêãH SRSVDQp ULWXiO\ NWHUêPL OLGp
FKUiQLOLVHEHLVYĤMPDMHWHNXND]XMHQDYHONêUHVSHNW] QDGSĜLUR]HQêFKVLODPRFt
0ĤåHPH SĜHGSRNOiGDW åH VODYQRVWL SiOHQt þDURGČMQLF R ILOLSRMDNXEVNp QRFL VH Y QDãHP UHJLRQX
Y PLQXOpPVWROHWtREþDVQČSUDNWLNRYDO\9 GREČNRPXQLVPXMDNPiPHMHãWČY åLYpSDPČWLVHW\WR
RKQČSĜHMPHQRYiYDO\QDÄVODYQRVWLRKQČPtUX³
'QHV Y QČNWHUêFK YHVQLFtFK PtVWQt VSRON\ RUJDQL]XMt WXWR VODYQRVW 'ĜHYČQp KUDQLFH NWHUp MVRX
QČNG\LQČNROLNPHWUĤY\VRNpMVRXQDYUFKRONXR]GREHQpVW\OL]RYDQRXþDURGČMQLFtV NRãWČWHP
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR)LOLSDD-DNXED
'QHV VH Y PQRKD YHVQLFtFK ]DE\GOXMH WDWR VWDURQRYi WUDGLFH 9tFH QHå R FRNROLY
MLQpKRMGHSĜHGHYãtPRPRåQRVWVHWNDWVHXRKQČSREDYLWVHV SĜiWHOL SĜtSDGQČVLRSpFW
QDGRKQČPQČMDNRXX]HQLQX
3iOHQtþDURGČMQLFPĤåHPHGiWLFKDUDNWHURUJDQL]RYDQp]iEDY\GRNWHUpVHSĜHGHYãtP
GČWLYHOLFHUiG\]DSRMt3ĜLVHWNiQtþDURGČMQLFPĤåHPHYROLWÄPLVVþDURGČMQLFH³QHFKFHPH-OLåiGQRX
] GtYHN UDQLW WtPWRWLWXOHPVWDþtY\KOiVLW VRXWČå R QHMNUiVQČMãtÄþDURGČMQLFNRXãNUWDþNX³UR]XPČM
NRãWČ
9 QDãtãNROHXåQČNROLNOHWGHQSĜHGPiMHPVHVOpWiYDMtþDURGČMQLFHDåVNRURN þDURGČMQLFNR–
RO\PSLMVNpPX NOiQt 6RXWČåt PH]L VHERX Y EČKX QD NRãWČWL SR SĜHNiåNRYp GUi]H Y KRGX YODVWQtP
45
NRãWČWHP QD FtO L Y KRGX NRãWČWHP GR GiON\ Y PHWiQt PtþNX SOHFKRYN\ SR VWDQRYHQp WUDVH
6RXWČåLW PRKRXPH]LVHERXGUXåVWYDLMHGQRWOLYFL.ODVLFNRXKRQČQRX NWHURX MVPHY GČWVWYt KUiOL
QHVSRþHWQČNUiW, PĤåHPH SĜHPČQLW QD þDURGČMQLFNRX NWHUi VH OLãt RG Wp WUDGLþQt MHQ Y WRP åH
ÄKRQČQt“ LÄEDED³MVRXQDNRãĢDWHFK]HNWHUêFKQHVPtVHVHGQRXW
ýDURGČMQLFNêVOHW=âäLPURYLFH
1HMSČNQČMãtÄãNUWDþND³URNX
6SROHþQêRKHĖQDNWHUpPVHXSiOtGČWPLY\UREHQiþDURGČMQLFH QHERVHMHQRSHþRXãSHNiþN\MH
SDNYUFKROHPþDURGČMQLFNpKRGQH
6WDYČQtPiMH
-HVWOLåH R ]Y\NX SiOHQt þDURGČMQLF QHQDMGHPH Y PtVWQtFK
SUDPHQHFK åiGQp ]i]QDP\ R VWDYČQt PiMĤ QDOH]QHPH
PQRKR ]PtQHN 0iMH VH VWDYČO\ SR VWDOHWt QHMHQ QD
YHVQLFtFK DOH L YH PČVWHFK E\OD WR YåG\ ]iEDYD YHVNU]H
VSROHþHQVNi SĜL NWHUp VH EDYLOL WL QHMFKXGãt L SDQVNi
YUFKQRVW-HGQiVHR]Y\NNWHUêPiFHORHYURSVNêFKDUDNWHU
.G\E\FKRP ]D VWDYČQtP PiMt YLGČOL SRX]H SUDVWDUê
SRKDQVNê]Y\NDVLE\FKRPVHGRSXVWLOLãSDWQpLQWHUSUHWDFH
WpWRWUDGLFHýDVHPWDNMDNRXMLQêFK]Y\NĤDWUDGLFVWDYČQt
PiMĤ ]tVNDOR NĜHVĢDQVNê FKDUDNWHU 0iMH V\PEROL]RYDO\
QRYêåLYRWUR]SXN\MDUDSURERX]HMtFtVHSĜtURGX=DPiMHPL
PĤåHPH VSDWĜRYDW WDNp HURWLNX D OiVNX =D WČPLWR SRMP\
GQHV SUDYGČSRGREQČ YLGtPH QČFR MLQpKR QHåOL WRPX E\OR
u QDãLFK SĜHGNĤ -HGQDOR VH R V\PERO\ D PDJLL NWHUi
VPČĜRYDODN MHGQRPXMHGLQpPX– ]UR]HQtQRYpKRåLYRWD
8å ] URNX SRFKi]t StVHPQê ]i]QDP -LKRþHFKD -DQD
0LURWLFNpKRNWHUêSRSVDOVWDYČQtPiMĤ
7pKRåþDVXPOiGHQFLGRYVLFHOpVWURPRYtVPUNRYpQHE
VRVQRYpYQiãHMtNWHUpå]GĤOXRNOHVWtFHYUFKQtUDWROHVWL
]UFDGO\VNOHQLFHPLYČQFLDSOtãN\]ODWDYČQFRYpKR
EO\ãWtFtPLVHR]GREXMtD VWURPWHQGR]HPČYHWNQRXFHSĜHV 6ODYQRVW VWDYČQt PiMH YH 6WĜHGLVNX
YROQpKRþDVXY 2SDYČNYČWHQ
FHOpOpWRWDNKRVWiWLQHFKiYDMt
1D 2SDYVNX NURPČ YHOLNêFK VPUNRYêFK þL MHGORYêFK PiMt NWHUp E\O\ Då SR YUFKROHN ]EDYHQp
NĤU\VWDYČOLPOiGHQFLPHQãtPiMHVYêPGtYNiP6WiYDORVHåHNG\åVHRGtYNXXFKi]HOLKQHGGYa
FKODSFLPiMHVLQDY]iMHPNiFHOL-DQ9\KOtGDOStãHåHY 3RGYLKRYČVHVWDYČODPiMH3DQHQFH0DULL
SĜHG NDSOL QDRSDN YH 6ODWLQČ X %tORYFH ãOL POiGHQFL MLå YHþHU SĜHG NYČWQHP GR OHVD Y\EUDW
D RVHNDW PiMNX DE\ SDN ]D GRSURYRGX KXGE\ ML YQHVOL GR YHVQLFH D SĜHG GĤP GtYN\ ML GR ]HPČ
]DWORXNOL
46
.G\å E\O\ ÄVRXNURPp³ PiMH Y\VWDYČQp ]DþDOR VH
VWDYČQtP FHQWUiOQt PiMN\ NWHUi ]SUDYLGOD VWiOD QD QiYVL
-HGQDORVHRYHOLNêVPUNRYêþLMHGORYêNPHQMHKRå]HOHQê
YUãHN E\O ]SUDYLGOD ]GREHQê EDUHYQêPL SDStU\ D SHQWOHPL
6ODYQRVW VWDYČQt PiMH SĜLEOLåXMH NURQLNiĜ REFH 8KOtĜRYD
9RMWČFK9DYUHþND: 71
3UYHMVWDONDåG\URNXNDSOHPDM2VWDWQpKRDSUHODYHþHU
VH ]HãOD RPODGLQD QD UROX 'ČYXFK\ SOHWO\ YČQFH ] FKRMD
GČODO\SDSLURYHLKHGYDEQHN\þHDPDãHVHãQXUDPDa synci
ãOL GR SDQVNHKR OHVD SUR âYUþHN 6WU\N )HUGLQ SĜLãOL
s KDUPRQLNXPDNGRQČPČOSUiYČFRGČODĢ– DWDN\FK E\OR
QDMYČF – WHQ WDQFRYDO $å V\QFL SĜLãOL VH ãYUþNHP GČYXFK\
KRQDVWURMLO\DSRWHPVHWDQFRYDORRVWRãHVW
-D D NGRVLN WHå SRãþDO GOXKHKR SDX]D GČYXFK\ R RSOHWO\
DNROHMHGHQDVWHMVHãHOPDMVWDYMDĢ6WDYDOSĜHGNDSOXPDOH
QČNG\WHåQD+HOEURY\PEĜHKX
9 8KOtĜRYČ FKODSFL YH YHþHUQtFK KRGLQiFK QD SUYQtKR
PiMHSRVWDYLOLSĜHGVWDYHQtGtYN\VHNWHURXPČOLQČMDNpSĜH
D QHY\Ĝt]HQp ~þW\ ÄVPUćXFKD³ äiGQê GDOãt ]iSLV
QHY\VYČWOXMH MDN VPUćXFK Y\SDGDO D ] þHKR E\O Y\WYRĜHQ -HQRP SRGOH SRGREQRVWL Qi]YX VH
VPUćXFKHP NWHUê E\O FKODSFL Y\QiãHQ Y 5DGXQL R 6PUWQp QHGČOL VH PĤåHPH GRPQtYDW åH VH
MHGQDORRPXåVNRXILJXUtQXY\UREHQRX]HVOiP\5R]KRGQČWRSURWDNWRREGDURYDQRXGtYNXQHE\OD
SĜtMHPQiYL]LWNDSURWRåHSRGOHNURQLNiĜVNpKR]iSLVXE\OVPUćXFKKQHG] UiQDRGVWUDQČQGRNXGMHM
MLQtQHVSDWĜLOL
1D2SDYVNXE\OR]Y\NHPVLPiMHNUiVW.G\åE\ODPiMHXNUDGHQDPOiGHQFL] RNROQtGČGLQ\E\OD
tRYHOLNiSRWXSDDKDQEDSURPtVWQt3URWRVHPiMHKOtGDO\- ÄYDFKRYDO\VH³9ČWãLQRXVHKOtGDORGR
SĤOQRFL =StYDOR VH SURYiGČO\ VH ÄKDPEDON\³ GQHV E\FKRP ĜHNOL åH VH SURYiGČO\ ORWURYLQ\
]NUiWNDE\ORYHVHOR
ěHGLWHO åLPURYLFNp ãNRO\ -DQ 7RPãtN SRSVDO NROLN WUiSHQt PČOL PtVWQt Y URFH V XKOtGiQtP
PiMH 6 PiMHP E\OR KRGQČ QHSĜtMHPQRVWL 1ČNROLN POiGHQFĤ ] +UDGFH VH XPOXYLOR åH XĜHåRX
DRGQHVRXPiMHYHYãHFK RNROQtFKREFtFK-HWRVLFHWDNpMHGHQ]HVWDUêFK]Y\NĤKUGLQVNêNRXVHN
POiGHQFĤSRGUiåGLWV\QN\] YHGOHMãtYHVQLFHDOHMHWR]Y\NMLåWURFKXPpQČSČNQê+UDGHþWtRGQHVOL
máj v %UDQFHY .DMORYFLDMHGQpQRFLMLåWČVQČSĜHGNiFHQtPXĜH]DOLPiMWDNpY äLPURYLFtFK+DVLþL
SRVWDYLOL PiM ]QRYX GHQ SĜHG VODYQRVWt NiFHQt D SR FHORX QRF MHM KOtGDOL -HãWČ SĜHG VYtWiQtP
REFKi]HOLKUDGHþWtDOHXĜt]QRXWPiMVHMLPMLåQHSRGDĜLOR 72
ÒþLQNXMtFtXNiFHQtPiMHäLPURYLFH
ÒþLQNXMtFtXVWDYČQtPiMHäLPURYLFH
-HVWOLåHPiMHE\ODXFKUiQČQDNiFHODVH]SUDYLGODVODYQRVWQČRSRVOHGQtNYČWQRYpQHGČOL3UĤYRG
YHVQLþDQĤ YHGHQê NDSHORX SĜLãHO N PiML NGH VH WDQFRYDOR KUiO\ VH YWLSQp VFpQN\ QČNGH VH
SĜLSUDYLORFHOpGLYDGHOQtSĜHGVWDYHQt9 XKOtĜRYVNpNURQLFHVH]DFKRYDOVWUXþQêREVDKMHGQpWDNRYp
47
KU\ äLGFKWČONRXSLWPiMLDOHSiQLMHMVWiOHSĜHSOiFHOLGRWRKRQDREUDQXPiMHVHSRVWDYLOLGtYN\
DPOiGHQFLNWHĜtMHMQHFKWČOLY\GDW
3R WpWR GLYDGHOQt KĜH NWHUi E\OD ]iYLVOi QD YWLSX D SRKRWRYRVWL ~þLQNXMtFtFK VH PiMH SRNiFHOD
D]DþDODWDQFRYDþND
/(71,&(
6HGPWêGQĤSR+RGXERåtPVODYtPHOHWQLFH3URWRåH
MVRX 9HOLNRQRFH SRK\EOLYêP VYiWNHP MVRX WHG\
L OHWQLFH VYiWNHP SRK\EOLYêP .ĜHVĢDQp WHQWR VYiWHN
SRYDåXMt ]D GHQ NG\ Y]QLNOD R SUYQtFK OHWQLFtFK SR
NĜHVĢDQVNp ÄYHONp QRFL³ FtUNHY 3R XNĜLåRYiQt .ULVWD
D MHKR ]PUWYêFKYVWiQt E\O SR þW\ĜLFHWL GQHFK .ULVWXV
Y]DWGRQHEHÄ2VDPČOt³NĜHVĢDQpVHEiOLY\FKi]HWGR
XOLFVSROHþQČVHVFKi]HOLN PRGOLWEiPQDX]DYĜHQêFK
PtVWHFK 3UiYČ OHWQLFH NWHUp QiVOHGRYDO\ SR GHVHWL
GQHFK RG QDQHEHY]HWt .ULVWD ]QDPHQDO\ VHVOiQtP
'XFKD VYDWpKR REUDW Y SRVWRMtFK D VHEHYČGRPt
DSRãWROĤ D NUXKX MLP QHMEOLåãtFK 7XWR XGiORVW Otþt
Y %LEOL NQLKD 6NXWNĤ DSRãWROĤ NDSLWROD – YHUã
.G\åQDVWDOGHQOHWQLFE\OL YãLFKQLVKURPiåGČQLQD
MHGQRP PtVWČ 1iKOH VH VWUKO KXNRW ] QHEH MDNR NG\å
VH åHQH SUXGNê YLFKU D QDSOQLO FHOê GĤP NGH E\OL
A XNi]DO\ VH MLP MDNRE\ RKQLYp MD]\N\ UR]GČOLO\ VH
a QD NDåGpP ] QLFK VSRþLQXO MHGHQ YãLFKQL E\OL
QDSOQČQL'XFKHPVYDWêP D]DþDOLYHY\WUåHQtPOXYLWMLQêPLMD]\N\MDNMLP'XFKGiYDOSURPORXYDW
9 PLQXORVWL EêYDOR ]Y\NHP åH QDG VWROHP VOH]VNp VYČWQLFH EêYDOD ]DYČãHQD ]SUDYLGOD ] SDStUX
Y\UREHQD KROXELþND /LGp YČĜLOL åH V KROXELþNRX VH Y GRPČ UR]KRVWt NOLG PtU D SRåHKQiQt %tOi
KROXELFHV\PEROL]XMtFt VYDWpKR'XFKDMHXSRPtQNRXQDMLQRXELEOLFNRXXGiORVW.G\å-Håtã .ULVWXV
SĜLEOLåQČ YH WĜLFHWLOHWHFK]DþDOVHVYêPGtOHPMHKRSUYQtNURN\ YHGO\N ĜHFH-RUGiQXDE\VHGDO
SRNĜWtW SURURNHP -DQHP .ĜWLWHOHP .G\å VH .ULVWXV Y\QRĜLO ] ĜHN\ D PRGOLO VH RWHYĜHOR VH SRGOH
%LEOHQHEHD'XFKVYDWêVHVWRXSLOQDQČMY WČOHVQpSRGREČMDNRKROXELFHD] QHEHVHR]YDOKODVÄ7\
MVLPĤMPLORYDQê6\QWHEHMVHPVLY\YROLO³ /XNiãRYRHYDQJHOLXPNDSLWRODYHUã
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\ROHWQLFtFK
/HWQLFHVYiWN\VYDWRGXãQtVHY PLQXORVWLVODYLO\SRGYDGQ\9 QHGČOLVHNRQDO\ERKRVOXåE\SĜL
NWHUêFK VL FtUNHY SĜLSRPtQDOD VODYQRVW VHVOiQt 'XFKD VYDWpKR Y SRQGČOt VYDWRGXãQt VH SDN
RGHKUiYDO\ UĤ]Qp OLGRYp ]Y\N\ D WUDGLFH 6YDWRGXãQt SRQGČOt VH VODYLOR MHãWČ Y REGREt SUYQt
UHSXEOLN\'QHVVHVYDWRGXãQtVYiWN\XGUåXMtSĜHGHYãtPR6YDWRGXãQtQHGČOL
0H]LQHM]QiPČMãtWUDGLFHNWHUpVHROHWQLFtFKGUåHO\SDWĜLORKRQČQtNUiOHQDMLåQt0RUDYČGRGQHV
XGUåRYDQê ]Y\N -t]GD NUiOĤ GtYþt SRHWLFNi VODYQRVW NUiORYQLþHN QČNGH VH R OHWQLFtFK VODYQRVWQČ
RWYtUDO\VWXGiQN\
9H 6OH]VNX OHWQLþQt VODYQRVWL PČO\ MLQê FKDUDNWHU QHå Y MLQêFK þiVWHFK ]HPČ 3ĜHGHYãtP
Y RNROQtFK REFtFK 2VWUDY\ – %RODWLFtFK /KRWFH D +RãĢiONRYLFtFK VH SURYR]RYDO RE\þHM KRQČQt
NUiOH ] NWHUpKR VH GRFKRYDO\ QČNWHUp QiURGRSLVQp ]i]QDP\ -DQ 9\KOtGDO ]DSVDO Y URFH Y]SRPtQN\ SDPČWQtNĤ QD KRQČQt NUiOH Y +RãĢiONRYLFtFK D /KRWFH X +OXþtQD 73: 6\QFL RG —20
SĜLVWURMLYãHVHGREOĤ]HNFDMNRYêFKYHVWNDãWHWĤR]GREHQêPLYRQDþNDPL]SDStUXDUĤåtSĜLNU\YãH
VL KODY\ Y\ãYLKOL VH QD NRQČ ãYDUQp SĜLSUDYHQp D MHOL ]D GČGLQX N YRGiP 0H]L 2GURX D 2SDYLFt
]DUD]LOL åHUć DVL QD WĜi PHWU\ Y\VRNRX QD QLå ]DYČVLOL ãiWHN þL þHUYHQRX ªãQXSW\FKOX« 'ČYXFK\
URYQČåVYiWHþQtãDW\QDVHEHY]DO\9ODV\VLVSOHWO\GRªãWUXFOH©WM GYDYUNRþHSRORåLO\YHGOHVHEH
GR lLQLt DE\ PČO\ SRGRE\ ãtrucle FKOHERYp EXć V KROêPL KODYDPL QHER RYČQþHQêPL VODYQRVWL VH
48
V~þDVWQLO\ 6\QFL VHVWDYLOL NRQČ GR MHGQp ĜDG\ SDN GiQR ]QDPHQt D NWHUê E\O SUYQt SR WĜLNUiW
XåHUćky — byl králeP9\WiKOLåHUćNXGDOLMLNUiORYLDMHOLWČãLWVHGRNUþP\
9H /KRWFH X +OXþtQD KRQt VH NUiO SRGREQČYSRQGČOtVYDWRGXãQtNROHPKRGRGSROHGQH-HWR
RE\þHMVWDURE\OêWUYDMtFtRGQHSDPČWQêFKGRE'ČYXFK\VHSLOQČY\SUDYXMtQDVODYQRVW
SĜHGHYãtP
VHEHURX SHQt]H ]D QČå QDNRXSt PDOê KHGvábnê ãiWHN SHQWOLþN\ FXNURYLQN\ D MLQp R]GREQp YČFL
þtPåRNUiãOtVWURPHþHNQD]SĤVREPiMH+HGvábný ãiWHNYODMHYHYUãNX=HVHEHGiOHY\YROtWXNWHUi
QHVH PiM QD åHUGL DVL WĜL PHWU\ GORXKp QD SDVWYLVNR 0OiGHQFL VHGt QD NRQtFK Y ĜDGiFK SUĤYRG
XEtUi VH ]D ]YXNĤ KXGE\ QD XUþHQp PtVWR 1D SDVWYLVNX ]DUD]t åHUć GR ]HPČ D YHGOH MLQRX V Qtå
VSOêYi EtOê ãiWHN -DN MVRX åHUćN\ YUDåHQ\ GR ]HPČ QDVWDQRX GRVWLK\ -H]GFRYp WĜLNUiW ªUDMWXMt©
N åHUćNiP NGR MHVW WDN ãĢDVWHQ åH SR WĜLNUiW MHVW SUYQt X FtOH XFKRSt VH åHUćN\ V EtOêP ãiWNHP
D XKiQt V Qt N 2GĜH E\ ãiWHN YH YRGČ VPRþLO -DN VH WDN VWDOR MHVW NUiOHP 3RNXG KR QHQDPRþt
PRKRXPu MHMMH]GFRYpRGQtWL
.UiOHGČYXFK\ãXPQČY\VWURMt]DNORERXNPXSĜLSHYQtYRQLþNXVSHQWODPLGDMtPXKHGEiYQêãiWHN
]HåHUćN\DMLQpGiUN\=DWXSR]RUQRVWRGPČĖXMHVHNUiOPDUNDPL9HGRXKRVODYQRVWQČGRNUþP\
NGHå VL ~þDVWQtFL ]DWDQFXMt .UiOL YãLFKQL GiYDMt SĜHGQRVW Y\ND]XMtFH PX SUYQt PtVWR .ROHP
KRVSRG\ Y\SDGi WR MDNR R ªPDOpP RGSXVWČ© ERXG\ V FXNURYLQNDPL D KRMQČ ]YČGDYêFK OLGt
0OiGHQFLNXSXMtGČYXFKiPUR]OLþQpªSDVNXG\©SDPOVN\
=Y\N KRQČQt NUiOH YH /KRWFH Pi GYD YêNODG\ SĤYRGX 3RGOH MHGQČFK ]i]QDPĤ VH Y]WDKXMH
k REGREt WĜLFHWLOHWp YiON\ – NG\ ãYpGVNi YRMVND QHPLORVUGQČ SOHQLOD Xå WDN GRVW
]EtGDþHQpDKODGRYpRE\YDWHOVWYRÒGDMQČYHVOHSpPUDPHQLĜHN\2GU\E\O]DWpWRYiON\YHURFH
FK\FHQãYpGVNêNUiO
-LQêYêNODGVHSRMtNHVWDUpPX]Y\NXQD]YDQpPXW]YMt]GDRIRMWVWYtNG\IRMWHPVHPČOYH/KRWFH
VWiWWHQSDViNNRQtNWHUêVHVWDOQHMU\FKOHMãtPSĜL]iYRGHFKQDNRQtFK
9OHYRNUiORYVNiNRUXQD]GREHQiERQEyQ\ 74
+RQČQtNUiOHY 2VWUDYČ– /KRWFH
9 PLQXOpP VWROHWt VH ]Y\N KRQČQt NUiOH GDĜLOR YtFH þL PpQČ OKRWVNêP XGUåHW 3R SUYQt VYČWRYp
YiOFHVHRREQRYHQtWUDGLFH]DVDGLOUROQtN $ 5LHGHORGURNXVHRUJDQL]RYiQtWRKRWRRE\þHMH
FKRSLOD PtVWQt MHGQRWD KDVLþĤ -DN Xå WR EêYi X WČFKWR DNWLYLW MHMLFK åLYRW L ]iQLN þDVWR VWRMt QD
LQLFLDWLYČ MHGQRKR MHGLQpKR þORYČND 9H /KRWFHMtPE\ODSDQt+HOHQD6YDþNRYiNWHUi]DSRGSRU\
ĜtGtFtKR XþLWHOH S *DOGLQD Y URFH SĜHY]DOD SDWURQDFL QDG WUDGLFt SR GUXKp VYČWRYp YiOFH VH
]DVDGLOD R REQRYX +RQČQt NUiOH GR URNX VH GDĜLOR ]Y\N XGUåHW SRWp VH MHãWČ MHGQRX Y URFH
1968 VODYQRVW XVNXWHþQLOD D WUYDOR FHOêFKOHW QHåOLVHSRGDĜLORY]NĜtVLWMHãWČ]D~þDVWL +HOHQ\
6YDþNRYpWHQWRVWDUê]Y\N
=D SUYQt UHSXEOLN\ Då GR URNX VH VODYQRVW +RQČQt NUiOH XVNXWHþĖRYDOD R 6YDWRGXãQtP
SRQGČOt8åDOHRGHQGĜtYHSĜHGFKi]HOR6WURMHQtNUiOH'ČYþDWDSĜLFKi]HODGRVWDYHQtGtYN\NWHUi
E\GOHOD QHMGiOH RG PtVWD VODYQRVWL DE\ SĜLSUDYLOD NUiORYVNRX NRUXQX âHVWLGtOQi GUiWČQi NRUXQD
RSUĤPČUXFPE\ODRSOHWHQDKXVtPYtQHPD]GREHQDE\ODFXNURYtPVXãHQêPRYRFHPDSUHFOtN\
49
3R MHMLFK ERFtFK E\O\ ]DYČãHQp GYČ ]ODFHQp SDStURYp NRUXQ\ SUR NUiOH D NUiORYQX QD YUFKRONX
NRUXQ\E\OãiWHNNWHUêML]DKDORYDOGDOãtR]GRERXNRUXQ\E\ODUĤåRYiVWXKDDN\WLþN\
'ČYþDWD]HVYpKRVWĜHGX]YROLOa WĜLNUiON\NWHUpSĜtãWtKRGQHQHVO\NRUXQXDMHGQDO\V FKODSFL
&KODSFLNWHĜtVHXFKi]HOLRNUiORYVNRXNRUXQXPČOLPtWGYDFHWMHGQDOHW
7RSĜHGEtKiPHXGiORVWLQHERĢMHãWČWpKRåYHþHUDVHSRSĜtSUDYČNRUXQ\Y PtVWQtPKRVWLQFLNRQDOD
GRQRFLWDQHþQt]iEDYD
1D GDOãt GHQ SDN GtYN\ Y NURMtFK SĜLQiãHO\ NRUXQX QD PtVWR ]D YHVQLFL NGH VH VODYQRVW KRQČQt
NUiOHXVNXWHþQLOD&KODSFLPČOLEtORXNRãLOLMH]GHFNpNDOKRW\DY\VRNpERW\
6DPRWQp KRQČQt NUiOH SUREtKDOR WDN åH GtYN\ SĜLãO\ SRåiGDW FKODSFH DE\ MLP FK\WLOL NUiOH
ÒNROHPFKODSFĤE\OR]DFK\WLWãiWHN]H]DUDåHQpW\þHXPtVWČQpQDNRQFL]iYRGLãWČ6DPR]ĜHMPČåH
FKODSFL~NROPČOLVSOQLW]DMt]G\QDNRQL3UYQtGYČMt]G\E\O\]NXãHEQtWĜHWtE\ODWDNĜtNDMtFRVWUi
.G\å KRFK ãiWHN XNRĜLVWLO PXVHO V QtP XMtåGČW N ĜHFH 2GĜH DE\ MHM VPRþLO YH YRGČ 'RNXG MHM
QHSRQRĜLOGRYRG\PRKOPXMLQêFKODSHFãiWHNY]tW3RWpE\OWHQWRFKODSHFkriONDPLNRUXQRYiQD
XFWČQ GDUHP 3ĜLSUDYHQRX N\WLFL FKODSHF GDO MHGQp GtYFH ] GUXåLQ\ NWHUi VH VWDOD NUiORYQRX
3RYLQQRVWLQRYpKRNUiOHE\ORXKRVWLWVYRMLNUiORYVNRXGUXåLQXDWRQHMGĜtYHSDPOVN\] NRUXQ\NWHUp
QDQtGtYN\QDYČVLO\Y PLQXOpPGQL
=H]i]QDPĤY\SOêYiåHMHãWČGRURNXSOQLOLFKODSFLVYĤM~NROQDQHRVHGODQêFKNRQtFKDWR
XUþLWČ QHE\OR QLMDN MHGQRGXFKp 3R URFH E\O FHOê REĜDG SR]PČQČQ .UiORYVNi NRUXQD E\OD
]KRWRYHQD ]H ]LPRVWUi]XEX[XVX ]GREHQD E\OD ERQEyQ\ .UiO V NUiORYQRX E\OL NRUXQRYiQLSDQt
+HOHQRX6YDþNRYRX
3RGUXKpVYČWRYpYiOFHE\OSUREOpP]DMLVWLWSURVODYQRVWNRQČ.G\åY URFHVLN DNFLFKODSFL
]DSĤMþLOL NRQČ] YHGOHMãtFK+RãĢiONRYLF VWDOR VHåHNG\å FKODSHFFKWČOY]tW]DMt]G\ãiWHN] W\þH
Y\WiKOVHãiWNHPLW\þNWHUiVHY]SĜtþLODD]DStFKODVHNRQLGRSUVQtKRVYDOX
9 VRXþDVQp GREČ VH WUDGLFH +RQČQt NUiOH PĤåH XVNXWHþĖRYDW GtN\ ]DSĤMþHQt NRQt 0ČVWVNRX
SROLFLt 2VWUDYD 75 9 GQHãQt GREČ MH ]Y\N +RQČQt NUiOH RMHGLQČORX WUDGLFt NWHUi VLFH Y SUĤEČKX
PLQXOpKR VWDOHWt GR]QDOD YHONêFK REPČQ D ]MHGQRGXãHQt DOH GR åLYRWD PČVWVNp þiVWL 2VWUDYD –
/KRWNDSĜLQiãtVRXQiOHåLWRVWDVSROXSUiFLNWHUp SUiYČRGWČFKWRWUDGLFD]Y\NĤRþHNiYiPH
9 -DQRYLFtFKRNUHV)UêGHN– 0tVWHNE\OR]Y\NHPFKODSFĤFKRGLWY SĜHGYHþHU6YDWRGXãQtQHGČOH
SR YHVQLFL V ELþL NWHUp VL QDVWDYRYDOL QDYtF SURYi]N\ 3UiVNiQtP ELþĤ SĜLSRPtQDOL ÄEXĜDYLFL
DKĜPRWQLFL³ 76NWHUiVHVWUKODNG\åE\OQDDSRãWRO\VHVOiQ'XFKVYDWê
9 PQRKDREFtFKVHR6YDWRGXãQtPSRQGČOtFKRGLORVPDåLWYDMtþND]DGČGLQX1ČNGHFKRGLO\FHOp
URGLQ\ MLQGH VH MHGQDOR R ]iEDYX SDViþNĤ 6WDþLOR Y]tW SiU YDMHF VODQLQX D QČMDNê KUQHF
D ÄVPDåHQND VPDåLQND VPDåHQLFH QHER WDN\ VQRãN\³ VH PRKO\ FK\VWDW %ČKHP VPDåHQt YDMHF
SDQRYDODGREUiQiODGDþDVWRQHFK\EČODPX]LND
9 UDGXĖVNpNURQLFHVHStãH26YDWRGXãQtPSRQGČOtEêYi]Y\NHPVPDåHQtYDMHFYSĜtURGČ9WHQWR
GHQMHYLGČWQDUĤ]QêFKPtVWHFKYOHVHPRGUDYêNRXĜDY EOt]NRVWL QČKRLREČWDYpNXFKDĜH6PDåHQt
YDMHF MH SČNQêP ]Y\NHP D FKXWQi VYDþLQD Y NROHNWLYX ]DQHFKiYi Y OLGHFK GORXKR SČNQp GRMP\
] GUXåQRVWL D YHVHORVWL R 6YDWRGXãQtP SRQGČOt 3RGREQê SUĤEČK VPDåHQt YDMHF R VYDWRGXãQtP
SRQGČONX ]D]QDPHQDO L NURQLNiĜ
] 9ČWĜNRYLF 1D YHVQLFtFK MH VWDUê ]Y\N
NWHUê VH QČNGH ]DFKRYDO Då GRGQHV åH
RGSROHGQH QD VYDWRGXãQt SRQGČOt FHOp
URGLQ\RGHMGRX] GRPXGREOt]NpKROHVDD
WDP QD UHQGOtFtFK WĜtQRåNiFK VPDåt
YDMHþLQX/LGpV VHERXQRVtLSLYRYtQRD
NRĜDONXDWDNMHWHQGHQY OHVHYHVHOR9H
9ČWĜNRYLFtFK Wpå REY\NOH EêYDOR ]D
VWDUêFK þDVĤ DOH WHQ SČNQê OLGRYê ]vyk
MLå]DQLNO 9 PQRKDREFtFKVHWHQWR]Y\N
XFKRYDO Då GR GQHãQtFK GQĤ -DNR WRPX
MH X MLQêFK WUDGLF MH þDVWR RUJDQL]RYiQ
PtVWQtPVSRONHPQHERVGUXåHQtP
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLROHWQLFtFK
9\MtWVLV SĜiWHOLR6YDWRGXãQtPSRQGČOtGROHVDQHERWĜHED MHQRPQD]DKUDGXDXGČODW
VL QD ãSHNX GREURX VPDåHQLFL PĤåH EêW SĜtMHPQČ VWUiYHQêP RGSROHGQHP +RWRYRX
VPDåHQLFL PĤåHPH SĜL]GRELW E\OLQNDPL NWHUp QDMGHPH Y OHVH QHER QD QDãt ]DKUiGFH
6WDþtVDPR]ĜHMPČSDåLWND 1H]DSRPHĖPHN WpWRDNWLYLWČSĜL]YDWLGČWL
.G\åVLN WpWRVODYQRVWLSĜLEHUHPHQČMDNêKXGHEQtQiVWURMSURåLMHPHXUþLWČNUiVQpRGSROHGQH
2WYtUiQtVWXGiQHN
9 QDãtãNROHMVPHQD6YDWRGXãQtSRQGČOtY\WYRĜLOLQRYRXVODYQRVWRWYtUiQtVWXGiQHN
-HGQi VH R QRYRWYDU NWHUê Y QDãLFK NRQþLQiFK QHPi åiGQp NRĜHQ\ 1D SRþiWNX E\OR
]MLãWČQt åH KQHG ]D RSORFHQtP ãNROQt ]DKUDG\ MH RSXãWČQi D GiYQR ]DSRPHQXWi
VWXGiQND6WHMQČMDNRVHSULQFSĜHVãtSNRYpWUQtGREêYDON 5ĤåHQFHGRKUDGXWDNMVPH
LP\VHSURVHNiYDOLDSURVWĜtKiYDOLSĜHVPDOLQtk QDãt5XEtQFH
3URPČQDVWXGiQN\5XEtQN\Y GXEQXURNX
=DþDODQiPRSUDYGXWUQLWiSUiFHN REQRYČVWXGiQN\NWHUiY PLQXORVWLE\ODMHGLQêP]GURMHPSLWQp
YRG\RNROQtPVWDYHQtPVWRMtFtPY EOt]NRVWLãNRO\Y äLPURYLFtFK$SURWRåHPQR]tPtVWQtRE\YDWHOp
PČOLMHãWČY GREUpSDPČWLMDNNHVWXGiQFHFKRGLOLY POiGtSURYRGXRWRYtFHSRPRFQêFKUXNRXVH
QiP GRVWiYDOR 6 GČWPL MVPH Y\þLVWLOL D XSUDYLOL RNROt VWXGiQN\ NDPHQ\ Y\GOiåGLOL SURVWRU SĜHG
VWXGiQNRXPtVWQtVWRODĜLY\URELOLDRVDGLOLVWĜtãNXQČNWHĜtSĜLãOL]DVDGLWWĜHEDMHQNHĜtNQHERQČMDNRX
RNUDVQRXURVWOLQX
6 GČWPLMVPHNHVWXGiQFHQDSVDOLSRYČVWNWHURXMVPHQD]YDOL6WXGiQNDQD3D]GHUQL6WDOLMVPHVH
DGRSWLYQtPLURGLþL5XEtQN\9UDFHOLMVPHMtWRFR]DVYČåtDGREURXYRGXMtE\OLGOXåQLQDãLSĜHGFL
Y PLQXORVWL
51
6WXGiQNX MVPH R 6YDWRGXãQtP SRQGČONX VODYQRVWQČ RWHYĜHOL SiVPHP 2WYtUiQt VWXGiQHN NWHUp
MVPHVHVWDYLOL ] QiGKHUQêFKYHUãĤ0LORVODYD%XUHãH-VRXWRW\YHUãHNWHUpMLåY PLQXORVWLRVORYLO\
KXGHEQtKR YHOLNiQD %RKXVODYD 0DUWLQĤ 5HFLWDFL MVPH RåLYLOL ]SČYHP OLGRYêFK StVQt RVODYXMtFt
YRGX SiVPR MH XYHGHQR Y NDSLWROH +U\ SUR MHGQRWOLYp URþQt GRE\ 'tYN\ REOHþHQp FHOp Y EtOpP
V YČQHþN\QDKODYČ YHGO\YHVYpPVWĜHGXNUiORYQLþNXFKODSFLMHQiVOHGRYDOLV KUiEČPLDPRW\NDPL
.GRSDNE\VLSĜHGGYDFHWLOHW\SĜHGVWDYLOåH]DYRGXEXGHPHY REFKRGČSODWLW"'QHVMHYRGDDta
SLWQi ]YOiãĢ ERKDWVWYtP NWHUp VL PXVtPH FKUiQLW 9\XåLMPH WRKRWR VYiWNX N WRPX åH VL YH VYpP
RNROtY\KOpGQHPHVWXGiQNXNWHURXSĤMGHPHV GČWPLY\þLVWLW6WDĖPHVHSDWURQ\VWXGiQN\0ĤåHWR
EêWSURQiVSĜtOHåLWRVWNG\GČWLEXGHPHXþLWUR]SR]QiYDWDYQtPDWRSUDYGRYpKRGQRW\åLYRWD
,VWXGiQN\FKWČMtEêWþLVWp
WDNMDNRGČWLY\MVWH
LMLPVHVWêVNDORXåSRMDUX
1HMHGQDVWXGiQNDPDOi
se o SUDPtQHNEiOD
aby QH]DSDGOGRNDOX
GREDKQDDGRNDPHQt
WDNMDNRþORYČNGRVRXåHQt
DQLWURFKXYOiK\E\YQtQH]E\OR
9åG\ĢNDåGiVWXGiQNDYOHVH
QDKODGLQČQHEHQHVH
NG\E\MtQHE\OR
R]HPE\VHUR]ELOR 77
'RþW\ĜVYČWRYêFKVWUDQ5XEtQNDNURStYRGX]HVWXGiQN\2WYtUiQtVWXGiQHNäLPURYLFH
52
ý(59(1– 69$7é-$1.ě7,7(/
6YDWê-DQ.ĜWLWHO
6YDWê -DQ .ĜWLWHO SRFKi]HO ] NQČåVNpKR URGX
-HKRRWHF=DFKDULiãE\FKNQČ]HP]WĜtG\$ELiãRY\
D PDWND $OåEČWD E\OD MHGQRX ] GFHU ÈURQRYêFK
-DQ .ĜWLWHO SĜLãHO QD VYČW DVL SĤO URNX SĜHG
QDUR]HQtP-HåtãH.ULVWD
1DURGLO VH Y -XGVNX 5RGLþH -DQD åLOL SĜHG
+RVSRGLQHP EH]~KRQQêm åLYRWem D SRGOH 3tVPD
GRGUåRYDOL +RVSRGLQRY\ SĜtND]\ 3ĜHVWR E\OD
matka $OåEČWD QHSORGQi QHSORGQRVW E\OD
Y VWDUR]iNRQQt GREČ SRYDåRYiQD ]D %Råt WUHVW
2ED PDQåHOp MLå E\OL SRNURþLOHMãtKR YČNX .G\å
MHGQRKR GQH Y\NRQiYDO Y MHUX]DOpPVNpP FKUiPČ
=DFKDULiãNQČåVNRXVOXåEX]MHYLOVHPXDUFKDQGČO
*DEULHO D R]QiPLO PX åH MHKR PDQåHOND $OåEČWD
SRURGt V\QD D Gi PX MPpQR -DQ =DFKDULiã ĜHNO
DQGČORYL „PRGOH þHKR WR SR]QiP" 9åG\Ģ Mi MVHP
VWDĜHFDPRMHåHQDMHSRNURþLOpKRYČNX³$QGČOPX
RGSRYČGČO Ä-i MVHP *DEULHO NWHUê VWRMt SĜHG
%RKHPE\OMVHPSRVOiQDE\FKN WREČSURPOXYLOD
R]QiPLO WL WXWR UDGRVWQRX ]YČVW +OH RQČPtã D
QHSURPOXYtã Då GR GQH NG\ VH WR VWDQH SRQČYDGå
MVL QHXYČĜLO PêP VORYĤP NWHUi VH VYêP þDVHP
QDSOQt³ /XNiãRYR HYDQJHOLXP NDSLWROD –
YHUã
.G\åE\OR-DQRYLDVLOHWRGHãHOGRSRXãWČNGHåLOSRXVWHYQLFNêPåLYRWHP2GČQE\OGRãDWX
] YHOEORXGt NĤåH RYi]DQp SiVHP äLYLO VH NRE\ONDPL D OHVQtP PHGHP äLO SĜtVQČ DVNHWLFNêP
åLYRWHP SRYČVWL NWHUp VH R QČP ãtĜLO\ OiNDO\ N QČPX ]iVWXS\ OLGt =iNODGQtP U\VHP MHKR Ni]iQt
E\ORRKODãRYiQtSĜtFKRGX%RåtKRNUiORYVWYtäHNĜHVWWYRĜLOYê]QDþQRXþiVWMHKRSĤVREHQtMHSDWUQR
z pRMPHQRYiQt Ä.ĜWLWHO³ 78. 9H VYêFK Ni]iQtFK RKODãRYDO åH SĜHG %RåtP VRXGHP MH QH]DFKUiQt
SĜtVOXãQRVWNSRWRPVWYX$EUDKDPRYXDOHRGYUiFHQtVHRG ]OêFKFHVWDNĜHVWSRNiQtMDNR]QDPHQt
YQLWĜQtKRUR]KRGQXWt3ĜLSUDYRYDOOLGQDSĜtFKRG0HVLiãHVYpSRVOXFKDþHNĜWLOYĜHFH-RUGiQX6YDWê
-DQ.ĜWLWHOSRNĜWLOWDNp.ULVWD
6YDWê-DQ.ĜWLWHOVL]tVNiYDOVWiOHYČWãtSRSXODULWX+HURGHV$QWLSDVVHREiYDOYOLYX-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
+HURGRYL E\OR QHPLOp åH PX -DQ SĜLSRPtQDO åH KĜHãt NG\å RSXVWLO VYRML SUYQt åHQX D åLMH V
+HURGLDGRX PDQåHONRX VYpKR EUDWUD +HURGLDGD SRSRX]HOD VYpKR PXåH DE\ QHFKDO -DQD .ĜWLWHOH
SRSUDYLW3DQRYQtNVHYãDNEiO-DQD.ĜWLWHOH]DEtWDE\SURWLVREČQHSRãWYDOOLG$YãDNSĜL+HURGRYČ
NRUXQRYDFLGFHUD+HURGLDG\6DORPHRNRX]OLODNUiOHQDWROLNåHNUiOMtVOtELOMDNpNROLYSĜiQt6DORPH
VLSĜiODQDåiGRVWVYpPDWN\KODYX-DQD.ĜWLWHOH.UiOQHFKDO-DQD.ĜWLWHOHVWtW
3RGOHWUDGLFHMHKODYD-DQD.ĜWLWHOHXORåHQDY8PDMMRYVNpPHãLWČYV\UVNpP'DPDãNXNWHUiE\OD
Y\VWDYČQDQD]iNODGHFKE\]DQWVNpED]LOLN\-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
6YDWê -DQ .ĜWLWHO MH SDWURQHP WNDOFĤ NUHMþtFK NRåHãQtNĤ NRåHOXKĤ VHGOiĜĤ YLQDĜĤ EHGQiĜĤ
NRPLQtNĤNRYiĜĤWHVDĜĤDUFKLWHNWĤ]HGQtNĤNDPHQtNĤKXGHEQtNĤWDQHþQtNĤ]SČYiNĤ$WULEXWHP
-DQD.ĜWLWHOHMHYHOEORXGtURXQR
53
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVY-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
1D VYiWHN -DQD .ĜWLWHOH þHUYQD VH
Y 2SDYVNpP 6OH]VNX NRQDOR KQHG QČNROLN
RE\þHMĤ 6QDG QHM]QiPČMãtP D Y REHFQtFK
NURQLNiFK QHMY]SRPtQDQČMãtP ]Y\NHP E\OR
SiOHQt VYDWRMiQVNêFK RKĖĤ 9 SĜHGYHþHU VYiWNX
R OHWQtP VOXQRYUDWX SĜLQiãHOD POiGHå QD EOt]Ni
QiYUãt GĜtYt DE\ ] QLFK Y\VWDYČOD SRGREQČ
MDNR R ILOLSRMDNXEVNp QRFL KUDQLFH -LĜLQD
/DQJKDPPHURYi 79 Y\VYČWOXMH åH WHSOR D ]iĜ
RKQČ MH V\PEROHP VOXQFH $ WR åH VYDWRMiQVNp
RKQČ VH ]DSDORYDO\ QD QHMY\ããtFK YUFKROFtFK
Y krDMLQČ ]REUD]XMH YUFKRO YHJHWDFH þDV
VOXQRYUDWX/XGPLOD+RĜNiY\VYČWOXMH]DSDORYiQt
VYDWR-MiQVNêFK RKĖĤ WDN åH VH MHGQi R SDPiWNX
QD -DQD .ĜWLWHOH NWHUê PH]L OLGPL ÄUR]HåtKDO
VYČWORYtU\³ 0OiGHQFL VL N RKQL SĜLQiãHOL VWDUi NRãĢDWD YH
6OH]VNXVHMLPĜtNDORãNUWDþN\NWHUiQDPiþHOLGR
SHWUROHMH QHER VPĤO\ DE\ MH SDN KRĜtFt
Y\KD]RYDOL GR Y]GXFKX +RĜtFt NRãWČ SRGOH SRYČU\ PČOR ]DKQDW þDURGČMQLFH 9 +iML YH 6OH]VNX
FKODSFL VH ]DSiOHQêPL NRãĢDW\ PiYDOL Y ĜDGiFK SRWRP MH Y\KD]RYDOL GR Y]GXFKX 2EHFQtmu
NURQLNiĜLFHOêWHQYêMHYSĜLSRPtQDORKURPQêRKĖRVWURM 81 %ČKHPVYDWRMiQVNêFKRKĖĤQHFK\EČORDQL
VNiNiQtSĜHVSODPHQ\
-LQtWĜLNUiWSĜHVNDNXMtRKHĖDPRGOtVHN VY-DQXE\FKUiQČQLE\OLSRFHOêURNRGERODYêFKQRKRX
DVEtUDQLQ 82 9 7ČãtQVNpP6OH]VNX NRXĜHPVYDWRMiQVNpKRRKQČSURYiGČOLFKODSFLGRE\WHNDE\PX
]DMLVWLOLGREURXSDVWYXDRFKUiQLOLMHMRGQHPRFtSRYČGČQRQiĜHþtPDE\NUiY\QČ]JĜLEDO\ 83
1DSĜtãWtGHQVHRSiOHQpPHWO\]DSLFKRYDO\GR]HOtQDRFKUDQXSĜHGKRXVHQNDPL2VYDWpP-DQX
OLGp GČODOL LMLQp PDJLFNp ~NRQ\ 6WDYHQt VH ]GRELOD OtSRYêPL UDWROHVWPL NWHUp VH ]DVWUNiYDO\ L ]D
VYDWp REUi]N\ YH VYČWQLFtFK .ROHP RNHQ D GYHĜt VH GiYDOR UĤ]Qp SROQt NYtWt D ] QLFK XSOHWHQp
YČQHþN\ . YČQHþNĤm NWHUêP VH ĜtNDOR MDQVNp VH SRMLOR PQRKR REĜDGĤ 7\ PČO\ SRGREQê
FKDUDNWHUYH6OH]VNXLQD0RUDYČ
9ČWãLQRXVHN MDQVNêPYČQHþNĤPSRMLO\YČãWE\RYGDYNiFKDRVXGXGtYHNNWHUpMHXSOHWO\
)RWRJUDILH] SURMHNWX-DNVLKUiO\GČWLSĜHGVWROHW\äLPURYLFH
9 %XNRYFLQD)UêGODQWVNXKi]HODGČYþDWDYČQHþHNQDVWĜHFKXVWDYHQtÄDE\SĜLãHOIHãiN³ 84MLQG\
ORYLOD YČQHþN\ QD YRGČ DE\ MLP QHXSODYDO\ -LQDN E\ ]WUDWLOD VYRML SRþHVWQRVW 3OXMtFt MDQVNp
54
YČQHþN\VHVQDåLOLXORYLW] YRG\FKODSFL%\ODWR]ORP\VOQRVWQHERVQDGWRXKD]tVNDWVUGFHGČYþHWH
NWHUiYČQHþHNSRYRGČSXVWLOD".GRYt"
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
9 GREiFK NG\ GČWL QD SDVWYLQiFK WUiYLO\ PQRKR þDVX NUiWLO\ VL FKYtOH SOHWHQtP
YČQHþNĤ ] QHMUĤ]QČMãtFK SROQtFK NYČWLQ =NXVWH VL XSOpVW V GČWPL VYĤM YČQHþHN =H
]DþiWNXVHUDGČMLSXVĢWHGRSOHWHQtYČQHþNĤ] URVWOLQNWHUpPDMtGORXKêVWRQHNDĢXåWR
EXGRXNYČW\NRSUHWLQQHERWĜHEDSDPSHOLãHN8WČFKYãDNEXćWHRSDWUQtQDVYpREOHþHQt1DWUKHMWH
VLGRVWDWHþQRXN\WLFL DV FKXWtGRWRKR3RVWXSRYDWPĤåHWHSRGOHSĜLORåHQpKRQiNUHVX
9ČQHþHN ]DþQHPH SOpVW WDN åH VL YH]PHPH GYČ
SDPSHOLãN\NWHUpGiPHNĜtåHPSĜHVVHEH
6WRQHNSDPSHOLãN\NWHUiOHåtQDYUFKX]DKQHPHSRG
VWRQHNVSRGQtURVWOLQN\DSĜHKQHPHMHMRSČWGRSĜHGX
3RWRPREDVWRQN\SĜLORåtPHYHGOHVHEH
9OHYRRGGYRXSĜHGFKR]tFKURVWOLQSĜLORåtPHYUFKHP
GDOãt SDPSHOLãNX MHMt VWRQHN ]DKQHPH SRG VWRQN\
GR]DGX
6WRQHN YUiWtPH GRSĜHGX SĜLORåtPH MHM N SĜHGFKR]tP
VWRQNĤP 7DNWR SRVWXSXMHPH L V GDOãtPL SDPSHOLãNDPLDåPiPHGRVWDWHþQČGORXKêVSOHWHQê ĜHWČ]
2ED NRQFH VSOHWHQpKR ĜHWČ]X PĤåHPH VSRMLW
SURYi]NHP QHER NH VSRMHQt SRXåLMHPH GDOãt
SDPSHOLãNX -HMt VWRQHN SURSOHWHPH PH]L RVWDWQt
SDPSHOLãN\
55
ý(59(1(&- 69$7È$11$
6YDWi$QQD
6YiWHNVY$QQ\SĜLSDGiQDþHUYHQFH7HQWRVYiWHNMHRG
GRESDSHåHěHKRĜH;,,,VODYHQVSROHþQČVHVYDWêP-iFK\PHP
6YDWi $QQD MH KHEUHMVNpKR SĤYRGX FRå Y SĜHNODGX ]QDPHQi
&KiQD- ÄPLOi³ÄPLORVWLSOQi³
6YDWi$QQDMHWpåR]QDþRYDQiMDNR$QQD6DPRGUXKiÒGDMQČ
PiMtWRVWDURþHVNêYêUD]NWHUêVHSRXåtYDOSURPDWNXNWHUiMLå
QHE\ODVDPDDOHQRVLODY VREČGtWČ
3RGOH OHJHQG\ E\OD VYDWi $QQD PDWNRX 3DQQ\ 0DULH W]Q
EDELþNRX-HåtãH.ULVWD$QQDYH VYD]NXV-iFK\PHPQHPRKOD
PtWGORXKRGČWL3ĜHVWRE\OLREDRGGiQL%RåtP]iPČUĤPDDåYH
VWiĜt %ĤK Y\VO\ãHO MHMLFK PRGOLWE\ D REGDĜLO MH GFHURX 0DULt,
PDWNRX-HåtãH.ULVWD
-HOLNRå QHSORGQRVW X åLGĤ E\OD SRYDåRYiQD ]D QHSĜt]HĖ %Råt
QHEROL%RåtWUHVWWUDGXMHVHåH-iFK\PNWHUêVHFtWLOSRKUGDQê
YHVYpPXåQRVWLRGHãHOGRSRXãWČNGHVHSRþW\ĜLFHWGQtPRGOLO
k %RKXDSRVWLOVH3RWpWRGREČVHPXPČO]MHYLWDQGČONWHUê
PXR]QiPLOåHMHMLFKPRGOLWE\+RVSRGLQY\VO\ãHO
.XOW VYDWp $QQ\ GRViKO QHMYČWãtKR UR]NYČWX Y D VWROHWt 9 Wp GREČ MPpQR $QQD SDWĜLOR N QHMEČåQČMãtP 6YDWp
$QQČE\O\]DVYČFRYiQ\NRVWHO\NRQDO\VHSRXWČD]iEDY\
6YDWi $QQD EêYi R]QDþRYiQD MDNR SDWURQND KRUQtNĤ
RFKUiQN\QČ PDQåHOVWYt ãĢDVWQpKR SRURGX SDWURQND WUXKOiĜĤ
WNDOFĤNUHMþtFKPO\QiĜĤSURYD]QtNĤ
0H]L DWULEXW\ V NWHUêPL EêYi VYDWi $QQD ]Qi]RUĖRYiQD SDWĜt NQLKD ]iYRM OLOLH MDNR RGND]
QHSRVNYUQČQpKRSRþHWtGtWČWHQHMþDVWČMLEêYiY\REUD]HQDVSROXV3DQQRX0DULt
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX$QQX
6YDWi$QQDSDWĜLODGRGORXKp
ĜDG\ VYČWFĤ D VYČWLF NWHUp VH
RVODYRYDO\ SRXWČPL D SURFHVtPL .H NRVWHOĤP D NDSOtP
NWHUp E\O\ ]DVYČFHQp VYDWp
$QQČSURXGLO\QHGHVtWN\DOH
VWRYN\SRXWQtNĤ
0H]L QHM]QiPČMãt SRXWQt
PtVWD]DVYČFHQiVYDWp$QQČYH
6OH]VNX SDWĜLO Y PLQXORVWL
$QHQVNêYUFKQDGREFt$QGČOVNi KRUD -Lå Y URFH E\O
QD YUFKRONX NRSFH Y\VWDYČQ
GĜHYČQê NRVWHOtN ]DVYČFHQê
VYDWp $QQČ 2 QHFHOp VWROHWt
3RXĢQD.DOYiULLY +UDGFLQDG0RUDYLFt
SR]GČML MLå QD $QHQVNpP
YUFKX VWRMt ]GČQê FKUiP NH
NWHUpPX NDåGêP URNHP þHUYHQFH VPČĜRYDOLWLVtFHSRXWQtNĤ] EOt]NpKR L GDOHNpKRRNROt3RXWČ
WUYDO\ QHSĜHWUåLWČ Då GR SDGHViWêFK OHW PLQXOpKR VWROHWt Y URFH E\O\ ]DNi]iQ\ ~SOQČ 9 URFH
VHSRXWČQD$QHQVNêYUFKRSČWREQRYLO\ 85
56
ý$66./,=1ċý$6ä1Ëý$6'2äË1(.
äDWYDPLOiåDWYD
YtWHMV QRYêPFKOHEHP
XåEXGHPH]StYDW
SRGWtPãLUêPQHEem.
=H6OH]VND 86
äQČY 'RPRUDGRYLFtFKQHGDWRYiQR
2G/HWQLFVH]Y\N\DWUDGLFHPLMDNRNG\åXWQH3URVWêOLGSURFKi]HOY OHWQtPREGREtRþLVWRXRG
]Y\NĤDREĜDGĤ7DWRNDWDU]HQHMSUDYGČSRGREQČMLVRXYLVHODV PQRåVWYtPSUiFHNWHURXOLGpY OHWQtFK
PČVtFtFK PČOL VH VNOL]Qt YãHKR FR GDOD ] PLORVWL %Råt D ]D SĜLþLQČQt OLGt ]HPČ 6NOt]HO\ VH OHVQt
SORG\ E\OLQN\ QDVWDOD GRED VHQRVHþH 'R WRKR VH QDOpYDOR D ]OiWOR ]UQR RELOt NWHUp þHNDOR
]SUDYLGOD Y PČVtFL þHUYHQFL QČNG\ Y VUSQX QD åHQFH 6NOL]HĖ RELOt VH ĜtGLOD SRþDVtP Y QtåLQiFK
QDVWDOD VNOL]HĖ GĜtYH QHåOL Y NUDMtFK YêãH SRORåHQêFK D SDPDWRYDW PXVtPH L QD WR åH NDåGê GUXK
RELOtGR]UiYiY MLQRXGREX
3UDQRVWLNDQDVYiWHN0DUNpW\þHUYHQFHĜtNi
6YDWi0DUNpWDYHGHåHQFHGRåLWD
äQČE\O\QHMGĤOHåLWČMãtPERGHPVHGOiNRYDFHORURþQtKRVQDåHQt3RVHWEČY]UĤVWXD]UiQtSĜLFKi]t
RþHNiYiQiVNOL]HĖ9 WRPWRRNDPåLNXE\ORWĜHED]DSRMLWNDåGRXUXNXGRSUiFHDWRYþHWQČWpGČWVNp
9DOHQWLQ 9DOHþHN GHWDLOQČ SRSVDO Y URGLQQp NURQLFH ] let 1851 – MDN SUREtKDO\ åQČ Y MHKR
URGQpREFL0LNRODMLFtFK 87:
Ä2åQtFKEêYDORSLOQRRGþDVQpKRUiQDDåGR QRFLEDQČNG\LY QRFLMHORVHQDSROHSURVXFKpRELOt
KUR]LOR-OLåHE\GRUiQD]PRNOR$QČNG\WHQGpãĢXåQiVFK\WLOQD]SiWHþQtFHVWČ=DPêFKPODGêFK
OHWQHPČOLMVPHMHãWČåDFtKRVWURMHYãHVHNDORVHUXþQČ2åQtFKE\ORQDSROLSUiFHGRVWSURNDåGpKR
7LQHMPHQãtVEtUDOLDVSRĖNOiVN\YČWãtSRNOiGDOSĜLKUDEiQtRELOtSURYL]ODSRYĜtVODãLNRYQČMãtXå
MHGRYHGO] GORXKêFKUHåQêFKVWpEHOXGČODWSR]GČMLQDXþLOVHVQRSN\Yi]DWNQHEOtNHP8åY GHVHWLþL
MHGHQiFWLOHWHFKGRVWDOMVHPGRUXN\WXSêVUSQD RGHEtUiQtRELOt]DNRVQtNHP3ĜLNRVHQtUåL åLWD
E\OL ]D GYČPD NRVQtN\ GYD RGEČUDþL MHGHQ FKODSHF GČODO SURYL]OD D NODGO MH RGEČUDþĤP QD ]HP
3UiFHãODMHãWČU\FKOHMLE\OD-OLQDSROLGDOãtRVREDNWHUiVQRS\Yi]DOD3RRGSROHGQtVYDþLQČSĜHG
KRGLQRXEêYDOGHQQt~NROVHþHQtVNRQþHQD]DþDORVHãRSNRYDWVWDYČWVQRS\GRSDQiNĤâRSN\
VWDYČOL MVPH QHMþDVWČML GR MHGQp ĜDG\ EXćXSURVWĜHGSROHDQHER X MHGQRKR RNUDMH DE\ VH VWUQLVNR
PRKORFRQHMGĜtYHSRYUKQRXWWMPČOFH]RUDWěDGDãRSHNPXVHODEêWLQD QDãHPSROLSĜtPiMDNRGOH
ãĖĤU\MLQDNVHRWHF]ORELO7DNpVWUQLVNRPXVHOREêWLURYQpDYHOPLNUiWNpDNDåGpVWpEORPXVHOREêWL
LGRGDWHþQČXVHNQXWRQHERĢRWHFQHPČOUiGQDSROLPX]LNDQW\QHXVHNQXWiVWpEODWUiY\
9DOHQWLQ 9DOHþHN YH VYêFK Y]SRPtQNiFK GiOH ]PLĖXMH MDN SUREtKDOR QDNOiGiQt VQRSĤ QD
åHEĜLĖiNNWHUêE\O]SUDYLGODWDåHQNRĖPLQH]ĜtGNDYãDNYRO\
Ä3RYi]DQêMHþPHQQHERYHVE\OVQHVHQNHNUDMLSROHDE\VQRS\E\O\EOt]NRYR]X. QDNOiGiQtQD
YĤ] E\OR WĜHED DVSRĖ GYRX RVRE -HGQD QHMþDVWČML KRVSRGiĜ XNOiGDOD QD YR]H GUXKi SRGiYDOD
VQRS\QDYĤ]EXćUXNDPDQHERGRY\ããtSRORK\YLGOHPL$E\VH]UQRSĜLQDNOiGiQtDSDNSRFHVWČ
QHY\VêSiYDOR QD ]HP PČOL MVPH QD åHEĜLQiFK XSHYQČQRX SODFKWX WNDQLQX WR ] KUXEpKR UHåQpKR
plátna, která zabraĖRYDOD Y\SDGiYiQt Y\GUROHQpKR ]UQD ] YR]X 8NOiGDWL VQRS\ QD åHEĜLQRYê YĤ]
E\OR URYQČå XPČQtP NWHUp PXVLO PODGãt RG VWDUãtKR RGNRXNDWL 6 NRĖPL SRMtåGČO YåG\ QČNWHUê
z PHQãtFKFKODSFĤ
57
2VODYDXNRQþHQtåQtVHQD]êYiGRåtQN\
REåtQN\ QHER WDNp GRåDWi -HãWČ
Y VWROHWt VH MHGQDOR R VODYQRVW
YHQNRYDQĤ NWHĜt SUDFRYDOL QD SĤGČ
SDWĜtFt SDQVNêP GYRUĤP QHER VWDWNiĜĤP
=DSUYQtUHSXEOLN\VHGRåtQN\SURPČQLO\
YH VSROHþHQVNRX ]iEDYX NWHUi PČOD
FKDUDNWHU DOHJRULFNêFK SUĤYRGĤ XNRQþHQêFK VSROHþHQVNRX ]iEDYRX 9 OHWHFK
VRFLDOLVPX E\O\ GRåtQN\ ]QHXåLW\
k RVODYČ GUXåVWHYQLFNp SUiFH D NH
JORULILNDFLVRFLDOLVWLFNêFKYêGRE\WNĤ
'RåtQN\ VH VSRMRYDO\ ]SUDYLGOD
V RGYiåHQtP SRVOHGQtKR QiNODGX RELOt
] SROH 3RVOHGQČ XYi]DQê VQRS NWHUpPX
VH QČNGH ĜtNDOR ÄEDED³ E\O REĜDGQČ
SĜHYiåHQGRVWDWNX'ČYþDWDVHY\]GRELOD
SROQtPL NYČW\ NWHUêPL VH SĜL]GRELO\
LKUiEČDNRV\åHQFĤ , PXåLVL SUR WHQWR
RNDPåLN QHRGSXVWLOL WURFKX Wp SDUiG\
3ROQt NYtWt VL ]DVWUNiYDOL GR NORS QHER
WĜHED ]D NORERXN\ 1HVPČO VDPR]ĜHMPČ
FK\EČW GRåtQNRYê YČQHF NWHUê E\O
XSOHWHQê ]H YãHFK GUXKĤ RELOt SČVWRYDQpKRQDSROLKRVSRGiĜH'RYČQFHE\O\
YSOpWDQpLSHVWUpSROQtNYČW\
)UDQWLãHNýHUQRKRUVNê]HäLPURYLFFHVWDQDSROHURN
7DNWR Y\VWURMHQê SUĤYRG MHO ] pole ke
VWDWNX QD SRVOHGQt IĤĜH RELOt ]SUDYLGOD VHGČOD NYČW\ R]GREHQi GtYND äHQFL SDN VODYQRVWQČ
KRVSRGiĜL SĜHGDOL SRVOHGQt VQRS D GRåtQNRYê YČQHF 'RåtQNRYRX VODYQRVW L V NUiWNêP SURVORYHP
åHQFĤN KRVSRGiĜLNRQDQRXY 2WLFtFKSRSVDO/HRSROG+LOO88Ä9QRUPiOQtFKOHWHFKNRQþLO\Y2WLFtFK
åQČ SR VYiWNX 1DQHEHY]HWt 3DQQ\ 0DULH VUSHQ SR]QiPND DXWRUD 2VWDWHN RELOt SĜLYH]HQ GR
VWDWNXVYHONRX]YOiãWQtRVODYRXNWHUpĜtNDORVHREåtQN\1DYĤ]QDORåHQê]SRORYLFVQRS\XVHGO\
GČYþDWD PXåL åHQ\ L GČWL 9ãLFKQL ]StYDOL YHVHORX StVHĖ D Y\VRNR Y\]GYLKXMtFH QD KUiEČ ]DYČãHQê
YČQHFQHEN\WLFHNYtWt'RMHOLNX]DYĜHQêPYUDWĤPDWXGČYþDWD]StYDOD
Ä3DQtPiPR]ODWiRWYtUHMWHYUDWD
YH]HPHYiPYČQHF]HVDPpKR]lata.“
7HSUYH NG\ååHQFLRYUDWDUR]WĜtVNOLQČNROLNVWDUêFKKUQFĤYUDWDVHRWHYĜHODDYĤ]]D]SČYXYMHO
GRGYRUD'ČYþDWDSRGDODKRVSRGiĜLYHONêYČQHFXYLWê]HYãHFKGUXKĤRELOtSãHQLFHUåLMHþPHQH
RYVDVIiERU\YQiURGQtFKEDUYiFKDSĜiODPXãWČVWtD]GUDYtNERKDWpåQL+RVSRG\QČYROiåHQFH
GR ML]E\ NGH QD VWROH VWRMt YHONp PtV\ EtOêFK NROiþĤ SDN NRQDOD VH GREUi YHþHĜH 3R YHþHĜL QD
XPHWHQpPGYRĜHGDODVHFKDVDSĜL]YXNXKDUPRQLN\GRWDQFH=SČYHPDYHVHOtPGORXKRGRYHþHUD
UR]OpKDOVHVHOVNêGYĤU³
'RåtQNRYpPX YČQFL YČQRYDO KRVSRGiĜ ]YOiãWQt SR]RUQRVW 3RYČVLO MHM QHMþDVWČML GR VtQČ QHER
GR NRPRU\ NGH ]SUDYLGOD YLVHO Då GR SĜtãWtFK åQt 2 9iQRFtFK ] QČM KRVSRG\QČ Y\GUROLOD WURFKX
]UQDNWHUpSĜLGiYDODQDâWČGUêGHQGRNUPHQtGUĤEHåLL GRE\WNXDE\VOHSLFHVQiãHO\KRGQČYDMtþHN
DNUiY\DMLQêGRE\WHNGiYDOKRGQČPOpND+RVSRGiĜ]UQR] YČQFHSĜLGiYDOGRRELOtXUþHQpNQRYp
VHWEČ
$OH ]SČW N GRåtQNRYp ]iEDYČ 7D VH þDVWR SĜHVXQXOD ]H GYRUD GR KRVWLQFH NGH SRNUDþRYDOD
GR SR]GQtFK KRGLQ ]D GRSURYRGX PX]LN\ 9H YHVQLFtFK Y RNROt 2SDY\ GRVWDO\ GRåtQN\ Y REGREt
SUYQt UHSXEOLN\ FKDUDNWHU VSROHþHQVNp ]iEDY\ NWHUp VH ~þDVWQLOD FHOi YHVQLFH %\O\ RUJDQL]RYDQp
PtVWQtPL VSRON\ þDVWêPL SRĜDGDWHOL GRåtQHN E\O\ PtVWQt RGERU\ 0DWLFH 2SDYVNp MDN o tom
58
Y\SRYtGi ]iSLV ] NURQLN\ REFH 'RPRUDGRYLFH ] roku 1935 89: Ä3pþL PtVWQtKR RGERUX 0DWLFH
2SDYVNp D 6GUXåHQt NDWROLFNp RPODGLQ\ XVSRĜiGDQi E\OD VODYQRVW GRåtQHN GQH ]iĜt SRQHMSUYH YH ]GHMãt REFL 'RåtQNRYê SUĤYRG E\O YHONROHSê DOHJRULFNp VNXSLQ\ NUiVQČ ]Qi]RUQLO\
]HPČGČOVNRXSUiFLGĜtYHDQ\Qt6ODYQRVWQtSURVORYPČO]iVWXSFH0DWLFH2SDYVNp³
Plakát z URNXNWHUê]YDOQDGUXKpSRYiOHþQp)RWR] GRåtQNRYpKRSUĤYRGXäLPURYLFH
GRåtQN\Y REFLäLPURYLFH
8UþLWČ XQLNiWQt MH GRFKRYDQê ]iSLV ]H ãNROQtKR þDVRSLVX -LVNĜLþN\ NWHUê QDSVDOD åLPURYLFNi
ãNRODþNDURþQtNX(PtOLH9tFKRYpY URFHÄ/RĖVNpKRURNXY VUSQXVODYLOLMVPHSUYQtGRåtQN\
YHVYRERGQpYODVWL6HĜDGLOLMVPHVHQDGROQtPNRQFLYHVQLFHX3LODUN\'ČYþDWDMVme byla v NURMtFK
FKODSFL PČOL NRV\ MDNR åHQFL D QČNWHĜt MHOL WDNp QD NRQtFK 3UĤYRG XNRQþRYDO\ Y\]GREHQp YR]\
D VWURMH 'ORXKêP SUĤYRGHP MVPH SURãOL YHVQLFt ]D SURYROiYiQt VOiY\ Då GR ãNRO\ 7DP E\O\
Y\]YHGQXW\ YODMN\ D ]DKUiQ\ K\PQ\ 3RWRP VWDUãt GČYþDWD D V\QFL D WDNp VWDĜt KRVSRGiĜL VHKUiOL
GRåtQNRYRX VFpQX 7DQFRYDOD VH EHVHGD D P\ ãNROQt GČWL WDQþLOLMVPH QiURGQt WDQHþN\ %\OR WDP
åLYRDYãHPVHWDPOtELOR9HþHUMVPHVHUR]HãOLV UDGRVWQêPLSRFLW\åHVODYQRVWE\ODWDNSČNQi³
'QHVPDMtGRåtQN\REGREQêFKDUDNWHUMDNRWRPXE\OR]DSUYQtUHSXEOLN\1HFK\EtSUĤYRG\NGH
Y NURMtFKY\VWXSXMtIRONOyUQtVRXERU\NRĖVNpSRYR]\MVRXþDVWRQDKUD]HQ\WUDNWRU\'RåtQN\MVRX
YQtPiQ\ MDNR SĜtOHåLWRVW N VHWNiQt D VSROHþHQVNp ]iEDYČ QD NWHUp VH VHWNDMt RE\YDWHOp YHVQLFH
LSĜHVSROQt
.RQHF OpWD D ]DþiWHN SRG]LPX
E\O ]DVYČFHQ GDOãtP VNOL]ĖRYêP
RE\þHMĤP NWHUp VH YãDN
] SRFKRSLWHOQêFK GĤYRGĤ YH
6OH]VNX QHGUåHO\ 9H FKPHODĜVNêFK REODVWHFK E\OD VNOL]HĖ
FKPHOH XNRQþHQD W]Y GRþHVQRX
YLQDĜVNp REODVWL VODYLO\ NRQHF
VNOL]QČ YLQREUDQtP 'QHV VH
YLQREUDQt VODYt L Y QČNROLND
REFtFK QD 2SDYVNX MHQRP WR
YtQRVHVNOt]tQDMLKX0RUDY\
'R SRG]LPQtKR REGREt VSDGDMt
YêORY\ U\EQtNĤ 9 PLQXORVWL
EêYDOR Y RNROt 2SDY\ PQRåVWYt
U\EQtNĤ SR NWHUêFK QiP GQHV
9êORYU\EQtNDYH6ODYNRYČX2SDY\OLVWRSDG
]ĤVWDO\ SRX]H MHQRP PtVWQt
Qi]Y\3ĜHVWRVHYêORY\VWDO\Y VRXþDVQRVWLVSROHþHQVNêPL]iEDYDPLV GDQêPLULWXiO\D]Y\NORVWPL
59
'RåtQN\Y %ČOpSRG3UDGČGHP
'RåtQNRYiNRUXQD] SROVNpKR6OH]VND
'RåtQNRYêYČQHF
3ĜHGiYiQtGRåtQNRYêFKYČQFĤ
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRGRåtQNiFK
6ODYQRVWFKOHED
3ĜHG PQRKD OHW\ MVHP PČO
PRåQRVW QDYãWtYLW ZDOGRUIVNRX ]iNODGQt ãNROX
Y 'UiåćDQHFK NGH QiV PtVWQt SHGDJRJ
]DYHGOQDãNROQtSROtþNRRYHOLNRVWL[
PHWUĤVHY]URVWORXSãHQLFt7XSãHQLFL
Y\VHO\GČWL] MHKRþWYUWpKRURþQtNXNG\å
SĜHGWtPSR]HPHN]U\O\DEUDQDPLRUDQLFL
XYOiþHO\ 3R X]UiQt ]UQD GČWL VUS\ RELOt
åDO\ 3RVWDUX FHS\ RELOt Y\POiWLO\ D ]UQt
SRPOHO\ QD PRXNX &HORURþQt DNWLYLWX
NWHUi PČOD SĜHVDK SĜHV WUDGLþQt ãNROQt
URN XNRQþLO\ VODYQRVWt FKOHED NG\
VSROHþQČVHVYêPLURGLþLSHNO\]H]tVNDQp
PRXN\SHþLYR
2G Wp GRE\ MVHP VL PQRKRNUiW
QD QČPHFNpKR NROHJX D QD MHKR
Y\SUiYČQt Y]SRPHQXO -H YH PQČ VWiOH
WRXKD XPRåQLW L PêP GČWHP WX
QHRSDNRYDWHOQRX ]NXãHQRVW EêW SĜLWRP
WDMHPQpP NROREČKX VHWt Y]UĤVWX D ]UiQt
SURåtW VL åQČ VYp SUiFH ]DYUãHQp
VSROHþQêP KRGRYiQtP 2Q FKOpE
Y\GRE\WêYODVWQtPDUXNDPDPXVtFKXWQDW
QHMHQGČWHP~SOQČMLQDN
&HVWDFKOHED
.ROLN Gi MHQRP SUiFH QHå
VHFKOpEURKOtNþLWĜHEDNROiþ
GRVWDQH QD Qiã VWĤO %XGHPH
SĜHNYDSHQLMDNPiORVLGČWLGRYHGRXÄFHVWXFKOHED³RG]UQDSRKRWRYpSHþLYRSĜHGVWDYLWDVSUiYQČ
VHVWDYLW3RYtGHMWHVLYHVNXSLQČMDNpþLQQRVWLPXVtþORYČNY\NRQDWNH]KRWRYHQtFKOHED7HQWR~NRO
PĤåHPH YH YČWãtP NROHNWLYX QHFKDW GČWHP ]SUDFRYDW IRUPRX P\ãOHQNRYp PDS\ NG\å MH SĜHGHP
UR]GČOtPH GR PHQãtFK VNXSLQ 6NXSLQN\ SDN EXGRX VYp SRVWĜHK\ D ]i]QDP\ SUH]HQWRYDW SĜHG
RVWDWQtPLGČWPL
3R]QiYiQtRELOt
3ĜLSUDYHQê OLVW V LOXVWUDFHPL RELOt GČWHP QDNRStUXMWH 3R þiUNRYDQp þiĜH VL GČWL
þWYHUFH UR]VWĜtKDMt D SĜLĜDGt N REUi]NX V FHONRYêP Y]KOHGHP RELOQLQ\ MHMt NODV D WH[W
V QHMþDVWČMãtPY\XåLWtPRELOQLQ\
3URWRåHåQČGQHVQHMþDVWČMLYUFKROtSRþiWNHPãNROQtKRURNXY\MGČWHV GČWPLQDSROHDQDWUKHMWHVL
N\WLFLRELOt9HãNROHQHERLGRPDVL] QČMXGČOHMWHYêVWDYNXSĜtSDGQČVLXYDåWHGRåtQNRYêYČQHF
3RXåtW PĤåHWH L DUDQåRYDFt KPRWX YH WYDUX NUXKX GR NWHUp EXGHWH ]DStFKiYDW NODV\ 9\UREHQê
YČQHF QH]DSRPHĖWH SĜL]GRELW SROQtPL NYČW\ .YČW\ FKUS\ QHER þHNDQN\ YiP U\FKOH QHXYDGQRX
DY\WYRĜHQêYČQHFXUþLWČRåLYt
61
62
2'3867$.$50$â
'RGQHãQtFKGQĤVHYH6OH]VNXVODYt
ÄRGSXVW³ VODYQRVW NWHUi VH NRQi YH
YêURþQt GHQ Y\VYČFHQt NRVWHOD QHER
Y GHQ VYiWNX SDWURQD MHPXå MH NRVWHO
]DVYČFHQ 1HM]QiPČMãt VODYQRVWt MH
EH]HVSRUX .UDYDĜVNê RGSXVW NWHUê MH
pRYDåRYiQ ]D QHMYČWãt SRXĢ QHMHQ YH
6OH]VNX DOH L QD 0RUDYČ -HGQi VH R
RVODYX VYiWNX SDWURQD IDUQtKR FKUiPX
VYDWpKR %DUWRORPČMH NWHUi SUREtKi
YåG\RGSiWNXGRSRQGČONDQHMEOLåãtKR
VUSQX .UDYDĜVNê RGSXVW MH NURPČ
GXFKRYQt URYLQ\ VSRMHQ SĜHGHYãtP VH 3RXĢRYpDWUDNFHY UiPFL.UDYDĜVNpKRRGSXVWXVUSHQ
VYČWVNRX ]iEDYRX 3R WĜL GQ\ MVRX
Y .UDYDĜtFK Y SHUPDQHQFL GHVtWN\ NRORWRþĤ D DWUDNFt $ VWHMQČ MDNR Y PLQXORVWL L GQHV VH YãLFKQL
PtVWQtQDVODYQRVWSHþOLYČSĜLSUDYXMt+RVSRG\QČJUXQWXMtRE\GOtXPêYDMtVHRNQDSHþRXVHWUDGLþQt
NROiþHVERKDWRXQiGLYNRXPDNRYRXWYDURKRYRXþLSRYLGORYRXDKXVWRXSRV\SNRX
3RGREX RGSXVWX Y .\MRYLFtFK MDN SUREtKDO SĜHG VWR OHW\ SRSVDOD VODYQi URGDþND +HOHQD
6DOLFKRYi :
Ä3DNSĜLãHOGHQVYiWNXVYDWpKR9tWD=DVWDUêFKþDVĤNG\E\OMHãWČY 3RORPLVWDUêGĜHYČQêNostel,
PČOD FHOi IDUQRVW RGSXVW 3DWURQHP QRYpKR NRVWHOa VH VWDO VY 0DUWLQ 6Y 9tW VH RGVWČKRYDO
GRN\MRYVNpNDSOHD.\MRYãWtSDNVODYLOLRGSXVWVDPL1DSHNOLNROiþĤDVHGOiNMHOSURSDQDIDUiĜH
GR3RORPČV NRþiUHPDE\MHGQRXY URFHVORXåLOLY NDSOLþFHPãLVYDWRX&HOiGČGLQDVÄFKRUXEDPD³
NRURXKYHPL SR]QiPND DXWRUa D VH ]iVWXSHP GUXåLþHN Y þHOH ãOD Y SUĤYRGX SDQX IDUiĜL QDSURWL
2E\þHMQČ]DãOLGR9UFKQtKRSROHDSDQIDUiĜXåGRMtåGČOLGRGČGLQ\6WU\N%]XQHNVODYQČUR]KRXSDOL
]YRQHNPX]LNDQWLKUiOLSĜHGNDSOtDSDQDIDUiĜHYtWDOL3RPãLSR]YDOVWDURVWDSDQDIDUiĜHLUDGQt
QDKRVWLQXDGHQVHVODYLOMDNRVYiWHN9HþHUE\ODPX]LND³
1D SRG]LP VH YH 6OH]VNX VODYt NDUPDã NUPiã NUPDã QHEROL SRVYtFHQt 1i]HY NDUPDã SRFKi]t
] QČPHFNpKR.LUFKZHLK SRVYČFHQt 91VORYRSRVYtFHQtMHSRGOHMD]\NRYČGFĤWDNpRGYR]HQRRG
VORYD SRVYČFHQt MH WtP P\ãOHQR SRVYČFHQt NRVWHOD 3ĜHVWRåH MH SRVYtFHQt SRGREQp SĜHGFKR]tPX
RGSXVWX PDMt REČ VODYQRVWL MLQê SĤYRG 0LULDP 3URNHãRYi Y\VYČWOXMH 92 åH ÄSĤYRG NUPiãH byl
~GDMQČ VSMDW VH VWDUêP ]Y\NHP NG\ PČOD NDåGi REHF VYp SDVWYLVNR D NRQČ NUDYN\ D KXV\ WDP
]ĤVWiYDO\DåGRPUD]Ĥ3RþiWNHPOLVWRSDGXVODYLODNDåGiREHFÄKRQČQtVWiGDGRGČGLQ\³NG\ãOD
POiGHåV KXGERXQDSDVWYLVNRD]DYêVNiQtD]SČYXKQDODGRE\WHNGRPĤ7DPKRVSRG\QČY\VWURMLO\
SURFKDVXGREUpSRKRãWČQtLV YêVOXåNDPL³9tFHRWČFKWRRE\þHMtFKMHQDSViQRY NDSLWROH7UDGLFH
D]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR0DUWLQD
1HMþDVWČML VH WHG\ NDUPDã VODYLO QD VYDWpKR 0DUWLQD Y QČNWHUêFK YHVQLFtFK E\O DOH L Y MLQp GQ\
$ DE\ WRKR QHE\OR PiOR QDĜtGLO FtVDĜ -RVHI ,, URNX VODYLW SRVYtFHQt WĜHWt ĜtMQRYRX QHGČOL
SR VYiWNX VYDWpKR +DYOD 3URWR VH WRPXWR SRVYtFHQt QČNG\ ĜtNi +DYHOVNp SRVYtFHQt QHER WDNp
FtVDĜVNp &tVDĜ FKWČO VYêP QDĜt]HQtP GRViKQRXW WRKR åH OLGp QHEXGRX FKRGLW VODYLW SRVYtFHQt
Y UĤ]QêFK WHUPtQHFK SR RNROQtFK YHVQLFtFK D EXGRX VH PRFL YČQRYDW SUiFL $ MDNê E\O YêVOHGHN
FtVDĜVNpKRYPČãRYiQtGRFtUNHYQtFK]iOHåLWRVWt"9HYHVQLFtFKVHVODYLONDUPDãFtVDĜVNêDQDYtFMHãWČ
WHQVWDUê
5DGRVW] SRVYtFHQtVH]UDþt YHVOH]VNêFKYHUãtFKMDNRQHEHYHVWXGiQFH
.UPiã– WHQQiã
SRGNUPDãLWpåMHQDãL
=H6HGOLãĢ
$MVYDW\NLUPDã
MHVWKUXEČGREUêþDV
63
$ VODYLW SRVYtFHQt FKRGLOL GR KRVSRG\ QHMHQ PODGt DOH L VWDUp EiE\ MDN QiV LQIRUPXMH ĜtNDQND
] 'RPDVODYLF:
6WDUHEDE\
GRKRVSRG\
ERMHNLUPDã
YHVHO\þDV
-DNQČSXMGČWH
WXåGRVWDQČWH 93
$RSUĤEČKXNDUPDãHY .RXWHFKSRĜtGLOD]i]QDP-LĜLQD.UiORYi 94 Ä9]iĜtMHVWNDUPDãY .RXWHFK
5iQR ãOD GČYþDWD ÄNDUPDãQLFH³ GR NRVWHOD QD PãL Y leknici a kacamaji s GORXKêm rukávem. …
.DUPDã WR E\O SUR VYRERGQi GČYþDWD VYiWHN GtYþtKR SUiYD Y\]YDW POiGHQFH N WDQFL .DUPDãQLFH
jely z .RXWSĜHV.UDYDĜHQDSČNQČY\]GREHQpPåHEĜLĖiNX.RþtVHWDNpY\VWURMLOGRþHUQpKRREOHNX
QDKODYČþHUQêF\OLQGUREWRþHQêEDUHYQêPLIiERU\0ČOWDNpSČNQČY\VWURMHQpNRQČ0OiGHQFL FR
þHNDOL SĜHG KRVSRGRX QD NDUPDãQLFH E\OL Y\ãĖRĜHQL GR þHUQêFK REOHNĤ V EtORX NRãLOt QD KODYČ
URYQČåY þHUQêFKF\OLQGUHFKV EDUHYQêPLIiERU\.DUPDãQLFHY sále k WDQFLPČO\VYpPtVWRQDMHGQp
VWUDQČ POiGHQFL QD VWUDQČ GUXKp 8SURVWĜHG VWiO VWĤO V REþHUVWYHQtP 'ČYþH Y\]YDOR POiGHQFH
k WDQFL D WDQþLOL ÄWDOHĜRY\³ -HGHQ POiGHQHF FKRGLO V WDOHĜHP SR ViOX D NGR WDQþLO V NDUPDãQLFL
YKRGLOQDĖSHQt]3RWDQFLNDUPDãQLFHRGYHGODPOiGHQFHNHVWROXDSRþDVWRYDOD³
3RVYtFHQt NURPČ UDGRVWL D YHVHOt SĜLQiãHOR L YUiVN\ QD þHOH NG\å VH KRGRYQtFL SĜtOLã ÄVSXVWLOL³
DQHKOtGDOLVLVYRML~WUDWX
.UPDãNXNUPDãNX3DPEXWČVWYRĜLO
G\E\VYČFGRNDSVHSHQČ]YORåLO
v ~WHUêUDQRSHQČ]MHPDOR
NG\E\WČNUPDãNXVWRćDVXY]DOR 95
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLRSRVYtFHQt
.G\VODYtÄQDUR]HQLQ\³QiãNRVWHOYHYHVQLFL
6NRUR Y NDåGp YHVQLFL MH Y\VWDYČQ NRVWHO QHER DOHVSRĖ PDOi NDSOH 3URPOXYPH VL
V GČWPL R WRP MHVWOL YČGt NWHUpPX SDWURQRYL MH WDWR VWDYED ]DVYČFHQD 9H VWDUêFK
NURQLNiFKQHERXSDPČWQtNĤPĤåHPH]MLVWLWNG\E\ONRVWHOSRVYČFHQ R WRPWRGQLVH
SDN VODYt SRVYtFHQt 'ČWL EXGRX SRWĜHERYDW L Y\VYČWOHQt FR WDNRYp Y\VYČFHQt NRVWHOD
REQiãtDSURþVHY\NRQiYi
.RVWHO\NDSOHNDSOLþN\DERåtPXNDY QDãtYHVQLFLDEOt]NpPRNROt
%XGHPHSĜHNYDSHQLNG\åVLGiPHWXSUiFLD]PDSXMHPHFtUNHYQtVWDYE\YþHWQČNĜtåĤ
NWHUpVHQDFKi]HMtY QDãtREFLDEOt]NpPRNROt2QČNWHUêFKXUþLWČYtPH RMLQêFKQiP
PRKRX ĜtFL SDPČWQtFL ] REFH 2EHMGČPH VL W\WR GXFKRYQt SDPiWQtN\ XGČOHMPH VL
SDWĜLþQRX IRWRGRNXPHQWDFL D ]DQHVPH QDãH QiOH]\ GR PDS\ =MLVWČPH VL FR QHMYtFH LQIRUPDFt
RVWDYEČ'ČWPLY\WYRĜHQiPDSDV FtUNHYQtPLSDPiWNDPLQiPQHMHQSRVORXåtMDNRSČNQiYê]GRED
DOHSĜHGHYãtPQiPSRPĤåHSRFKRSLWQČFR] QDãLFKNRĜHQĤQHERDOHVSRĖMHSRRGKDOt
64
2. /,6723$'– '8â,ý.<
6WRMtPHQDUDPHQRXVYêFKSĜHGNĤDQ\QtMH
ĜDGDQDQiVDE\FKRPVHYHVSRMHQêFKQiGREiFK
VYČWDPRGOLOL]DVYpGČWL]DVYpSUDYQXN\VH
NWHUêPLVHQHEXGHPHRVREQČ]QiW
0DUHN2UNR9iFKD 96
5RN FR URN VL SĜLSRPtQiPH OLVWRSDGX VYiWHN 9ãHFK VYDWêFK D KQHG QiVOHGXMtFtKR GQH
Y]SRPtQiPH QD YãHFKQ\ YČUQp ]HPĜHOp 7\WR VYiWN\ Y\FKi]HMt ] NĜHVĢDQVNp YtU\ YH Y]NĜtãHQt
PUWYêFK D YČþQpKR åLYRWD 8GiORVW NROHP ]DVYČFHQt ĜtPVNpKR 3DQWKHRQX 3DQQČ 0DULL D YãHP
VYDWêP PXþHGQtNĤP QD SRþiWNX VWROHWt NWHUê E\O SĤYRGQČ Y\VWDYČQ RO\PSVNêm ERKĤP E\OD
]iNODGHPVODYQRVWL9ãHFKVYDWêFK9 ,UVNXD$QJOLL]DþDOLVODYLWVYiWHN9ãHFKVYDWêFKOLVWRSDGu
MLåY VWROHWt7RWRGDWXPE\ORSUDYGČSRGREQČY\EUiQRSURWRåHOLVWRSDGE\OSUR .HOW\GQHP
QRYpKRURNX
9]SRPtQNDQDYãHFKQ\YČUQp]HPĜHOpNWHURX]QiPHþDVWČMLSRGR]QDþHQtPÄ'XãLþN\³VHVODYt
OLVWRSDGX 7HQWR VYiWHN Y\FKi]t ] NDWROLFNp YČURXN\ WXWR WHRORJLL DOH VGtOt L MLQp FtUNYH QDSĜ
DQJOLNiQVNi R RþLVWFL PtVWX QHER WDNp VWDYX YH NWHUpP VH GXãH ]HPĜHOêFK RþLãĢXMt RG PpQČ
]iYDåQêFK KĜtFKĤ . WRPX VH SRMt L Y]SRPtQND YČQRYDQi SUiYČ WRKRWR GQH NG\ QDãt SĜtPOXYQRX
PRGOLWERXPĤåHPHGXãtPY RþLVWFLSURVSČW]tVNDWMLPMLVWpRGSXVWN\
3RW\WRGQ\SURXGtMHGQRWOLYFLLFHOpURGLQ\NHKĜELWRYĤPDE\KURE\ VYêFK]HPĜHOêFKR]GRELOL
N\WNDPL YČQFL QHER DOHVSRĖ QD QLFK UR]åDOL VYtþNX 1ČNGH VH VYtFH ]DSDOXMt L Y GRPRYHFK DE\
MHMLFKVYČWORXNi]DORFHVWXEORXGtFtPGXãtPGRPĤ$QLY PLQXORVWLOLGpQH]DSRPtQDOLR]GRELWKURE\
VYêFK EOt]NêFK WĜHED MHQ FKYRMtP QHER ]LPRVWUi]HP %DUHYQêPL UĤåLþNDPL Y\UREHQêPL GRPD
] NUHSRYpKRSDStUXSDN]GRELOLYČQFH-DQ%HLQKDXHU] -DNXEþRYLFYHVYêFKY]SRPtQNiFKStãHåH
ÄURGLQ\ VH VFKi]HO\ X KUREX YH YHONpP SRþWX D Y]SRPtQDOL QD ]HPĜHOp Då GR WP\ 1LNGR
QHSRVStFKDO³ 97
9 GiYQêFK þDVHFKVHRWRPWRVYiWNXSHNORSHþLYR] NODVLFNpKRN\QXWpKRWČVWD]YDQpÄGXãLþN\³
NWHUêPVHREGDURYiYDOLSRFHVWQtåHEUiFLDFKXGt
1DOLVWRSDGRYpVYiWN\Y]SRPtQiLYČWĜNRYLFNiNURQLND 98
6WUQLVNDQDSROL]PL]HODSRGSOXKHP]HVWURPĤRSDGDOROLVWtDYH]QDPHQtVPXWNXSĜLãHOOLVWRSDG
- VYiWHN PUWYêFK 3ČNQê ]Y\N åH DOHVSRĖ MHGQRX Y URFH åLYt Y]SRPtQDMt VYp SĜHGFKĤGFH NWHUp
&KDUyQ SĜHYH]OQDVYpORćFHĜHNRXVPUWLGRYČþQRVWL1DGRNUiãOHQêPLKURE\YČWĜNRYVNpKRKĜELWRYD
VWRMtFHOiYHVQLFHDY]SRPtQiWČFKNWHUpPČOLOLGpUiGL7DWtQHNPDminka, bratr, sestra 6WDDVWD
VYtFSOiSROiQDPtVWČWUYDOpKRRGSRþLQNXD- ]DSRPHQXWt
... DOHQHåSĤOYČNXSURMGH
SDGQHYãHY WĤĖ]DSRPQČQt
.GRYiPĜHNQHR+RSSRYL
åH]GHE\ODåHMLåQHQt"
7DNGXPDMtQDGKURE\EiVQtFL
65
6YiWHNYãHFKVYDWêFKKĜELWRYY 2SDYČ– .\OHãRYLFtFK
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLR'XãLþNiFK
5R]KRYRU\RåLYRWČDVPUWL
3DWĜt UR]KRYRU\ R åLYRWČ D VPUWL GR ãNRO þL MLQêFK GČWVNêFK NROHNWLYĤ" 1HPĤåHPH
]SĤVRELWGČWHPSRYtGiQtPRVPUWLSV\FKLFNRX~MPXQHERGRNRQFHWUDXPD"'RPQtYiP
VH åH SRYtGDW VL V GČWPL R WČFKWR YČFHFK MH GRNRQFH QDãt SRYLQQRVWt 'QHV VH UR]HQt
D XPtUiQt GČMH SRYČWãLQRX ]D ]GPL QHPRFQLF KRVSLFĤ GRPRYĤ GĤFKRGFĤ 9 PLQXORVWL WRPX WDN
QHE\OR 1H, åH E\ UR]HQt þL VPUW E\OD SUR OLGL MHGQRGXããtP HPRþQtP SURåLWNHP XUþLWČ YãDN E\OD
PQRKHP VDPR]ĜHMPČMãt VRXþiVWt MHMLFK åLYRWĤ 5RGLOR VH QD SROL YH VWDYHQtFK D WDP VH WDNp
XPtUDOR 0UWYt þDVWR ]ĤVWiYDOL GR SRKĜEX NWHUê VH NRQDO GR WĜHFK GQĤ SR ]HVQXWt GRPD
6 QHERåWtNHP VH SĜLFKi]HOD UR]ORXþLW URGLQD L GDOãt RE\YDWHOp YHVQLFH 8 MHKR OĤåND VH PRGOLOL
QD WČOR PUWYpKR VH NODGO\
VYDWp REUi]N\ 9 pRKĜHEQtP
SUĤYRGXQHFK\EČO\DQLGČWL
3RYtGHMPH VL R WČFKWR
UR]GtOHFK V GČWPL +RYRĜLW
R SRPtMLWHOQRVWL åLYRWD QHQt
MHGQRGXFKp Y\åDGXMH WR FLW
D SRUR]XPČQt 9\SUiYČW VL
R SRPtMLWHOQRVWL ]QDPHQi
SĜHGHYãtP KRYRĜLW R ~FWČ
DRGSRYČGQRVWLN åLYRWX
ýDV 'XãLþHN PĤåHPH Y\XåtW L NH VSROHþQp QiYãWČYČ
KĜELWRYD 6YtFL PĤåHPH
]DSiOLW QD RSXãWČQpP KUREČ
QHER WĜHED X Yê]QDPQp
RVREQRVWL QDãt REFH þL
PČVWD .G\å VH QiV URGLþH
GČWt EXGRX SWiW SURþ MHMLFK
GČWL YRGtPH QD KĜELWRY
PĤåHPH RGSRYČGČW WĜHED
VORY\ 5REHUWD )XOJKXPD
SURWRåH ÄYãLFKQL VH URGtPH
SURKĜELWRY³
6YDWêREUi]HN3DQQ\0DULH
66
/,6723$'– 69$7é0$57,1
6YDWê 0DUWLQ
1DURGLO VH QD SĜHORPX OHW Då Y ĜtPVNp
SURYLQFLL 3DQRQLL -DNR V\Q Y\ããtKR ĜtPVNpKR
GĤVWRMQtND PXVHO MLå Y SDWQiFWL OHWHFK YVWRXSLW GR
DUPiG\ 3UR GRNUHVOHQt MH WĜHED GRGDW åH Y GREČ
QDUR]HQt 0DUWLQD MH NĜHVĢDQVWYt MLå RILFLiOQČ X]QDQp
QiERåHQVWYt&tVDĜ&RQVWDQWLQXV,Y\GDOURNXW]Y
(GLNW PLOiQVNê NWHUê R]QDþXMH NĜHVĢDQVWYt ]D religio
licita – QiERåHQVWYt SRYROHQp SĜHVWR MHKR URGLþH
Y\]QiYDMt VWDUp ĜtPVNp WUDGLFH D XFWtYDMt SRKDQVNp
ERK\ -DNR YRMiND MH]GHFNpKR SOXNX MHM SĜHORåLOL GR
*DOLH )UDQFLH NGH VH PX SRGOH OHJHQG\ SĜLKRGLOD
XGiORVWNWHUiVY0DUWLQDGRNUHVOXMHGRGQHãQtFKGQĤ
.G\å ]D ]LPQt QRFL SURMtåGČO PČVWHP DE\ ]NRQWURORYDO KOtGN\ QDUD]LO Y PČVWVNp EUiQČ QD åHEUiND
NWHUê MHM SURVLO R DOPXåQX 3URWRåH QHPČO X VHEH QLF
VHMPXO]HVHEHYRMHQVNêSOiãĢPHþHPMHMUR]HWQXO QD
SRORYLFLDMHGQXFKXGiNRYLGDURYDO+QHGRQiVOHGXMtFt
QRFL VH PX YH VQX ]MHYLO .ULVWXV, RGČQê Y SOiãWL
GDURYDQpP åHEUiNRYL NWHUê PX SUDYLO Ä7tPWR
URXFKHP PČ SĜLRGČO 0DUWLQ MHãWČ QHSRNĜWČQê³ 99
9]iSČWt VH 0DUWLQ QHFKDO SRNĜWtW D VYĤM åLYRW ]DVYČWLO %RKX -HãWČ YãDN GDOãtFK OHW PXVHO
RGVORXåLWY DUPiGČQHåOLPRKO YRMVNRRSXVWLW1HGDOHNR3RLWLHUV]tVNDOSR]HPHNQDNWHUpPåLOMDNR
SRXVWHYQtN3ĜLGiYDOLVHN QČPXGDOãtYČĜtFtDE\OWDNSRORåHQ]iNODGSURY]QLNQHMVWDUãtKRNOiãWHUD
/LJXJHY ]iSDGQt(YURSČ9 URFHMHMYČĜtFtOVWt]DMDOLDRGYH]OLGR7RXUVNGHE\OY\VYČFHQ]D
ELVNXSD 3RYČVW Y\SUDYXMH åH ÄVY 0DUWLQ SĜHG VYRX YROERX ]D ELVNXSD ]H VNURPQRVWL YH VYpP
NOiãWHĜHXNUêYDOVHY KXVLQFLDOHMHMLFKJiJiQtPY\]UD]HQE\O³ 100 -LQiSRYČVWĜtNiåHVY0DUWLQ E\O
SĜLNi]iQtUXãHQKXVDPLDSURWR]DVYpSURYLQČQt S\NDMtQDVYDWRPDUWLQVNpPSHNiþL 0DUWLQ]HPĜHO
URNX SĜL SDVWRUDþQt QiYãWČYČ YHQNRYD SRKĜHE VH NRQDO OLVWRSDGX
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR0DUWLQD
6YDWê 0DUWLQSDWĜLOPH]LQHMREOtEHQČMãtVYiWN\ URNX+RVSRG\QČ
pekl\SRVYtFHQVNRXPDUWLQVNRXKXVXNWHURXMHGOLSiQLLSURVWêOLG
3RXåtYDORVH~VORYtÄ5DGRVW0DUWLQD– MHVWKXVDGåEiQYtQD³-DN
QDSRYtGi MLQp SĜtVORYt Ä1D VYDWpKR 0DUWLQD QHMOHSãt MH KXVLQD
SRKOHćQDKUXćLQDNRVWLMDNi]LPDVHSĜLKRVWt³] XSHþHQpKXV\
UHVSHNWLYH] MHMtNRE\ON\KRGRYQtFLYČãWLOLMDNiEXGH]LPD
.URPČ KXV\ SHNO\ KRVSRG\QČ L WUDGLþQt VYDWRPDUWLQVNp SHþLYR 6YDWRPDUWLQVNpSHþLYR1HMþDVWČML WR EêYDO\ URK\ VYDWRPDUWLQVNp SRGNRY\ QHER W]Y PDUWLQVNêURKOtNDPDUWLQVNi
GXãLþN\ ýHQČN =tEUW FLWXMH ]H 6HOVNp SUDQRVWLN\ ] URNX SRGNRYDSRGOH-3HWUiNDD$
QiVOHGXMtFt WH[W Ä1D GHQ VY ELVNXSD 0DUWLQD PLOê KRVSRGiĜ 'ROHQVNpKR
D MHKR GUXåLQD KXV\ MHGt YtQR N WRPX SLMtFH ãWČGUpKR 0DUWLQD
FKYiOtFHSiQLåiFLDNQČåtVHUDGXMtQHEVHMLPNROHG\SĜLEOLåXMt3DFKROFLDGtYN\VYRERGXPtYDMt
D X MLQêFK SiQĤY VH ]MHGQiYDMt³ .URP WRKR E\O VYiWHN SRMHQ L V XNRQþHQtP VOXåE\ þHOHGL NWHUi
]DVYRXVOXåEXGRVWiYDODP]GXDKOHGDODVLQRYpKRKRVSRGiĜH.G\åE\O\ REČVWUDQ\VSRNRMHQp –
þHOHćLKRVSRGiĜ – SURGOXåRYDOD VH VOXåEDRGDOãtURN %\OD WRSĜtOHåLWRVW SURStWREGUåHQpSHQt]H
7RPXNGRWHQWRVYiWHNSURSLODSURKêĜLOĜtNiYDORVHÄPDUWtQHN³QHERVHMHKRFKRYiQtR]QDþRYDOR
MDNRÄPDUWtQNRYiQt³
. SRVYtFHQtSDWĜLO\LSRVYtFHQVNpYHUãRYiQN\DStVQLþN\.GRE\VLQHY]SRPQČOQD]QiPRXStVHĖ
] ýHFK „7R MH ]ODWê SRVYtFHQt WR MH ]ODWi QHGČOH“ 1D SRVYtFHQt Y JDNXEþRYLFtFK QD 2SDYVNX
67
Y]SRPtQi-DQ%HLQKDXHUÄ9GHQNDUPiãHVHSĜLFK\VWDORSRKRãWČQt0XVHODEêWXSHþHQDKXVDQHER
NDþHQDþLMLQpSHþHQpPDVRYHSĜRYpQHERVHNDQp+RVWpNG\åSĜLãOLSRMHGOLDSREDYLOLVH3RNXG
KRVWp WDNp SRĜiGDOL NDUPiã WDN QD RSOiWNX SR]YDOL ]DVH VYp KRVWLWHOH 7HQWR ]Y\N VH GRGUåRYDO
NDåGêPURNHPNDUPiãE\OVNRURYãXGHDOHQHYHVWHMQRXGREX%\ORWRYåG\QDSRG]LPXQiVQD
VY0DUWLQDWDNåHWDKXVLþNDQHERNDþHQNDREþDVE\OD³ 102
$W\-XURMGLQDKĤUX 6HGOiNMHERåtVWYRĜHQt
DVHåHĖWDP] KQt]GDNXUXQDN~StVHOFHNRĜHQt
YHPYDMHFQDQXGOH]i]YRUDEREHN
EtOpPRXN\] WUXKOH VHGOiNMHKRGQêþORYČN
=H6OH]VND 103
Z 0RUDY\
Na to sem k YiPSĜLãHO
abysem byl vesel,
abysem byl, abysem byl,
abysem byl vesel.
=H6OH]VND 104
/HWČODJiJDOD
EtOiKXVQDGYRG~
OXGpVHSêWDM~
NG\W\KRG\EXG~
Z 0RUDY\
$ MHãWČ MHGHQ ]Y\N VH GUåHO R VYDWpP 0DUWLQRYL 9 ýHFKiFK WR E\OD W]Y ÄEHMNRYD VYDWED³ QD
0RUDYČSDNÄVêSNDVYDWRPDUWLQVNi³2EDGYDQi]Y\R]QDþXMtYãDNREGREQRXVODYQRVWSĜLNWHUpVH
RGHY]GiYDOD SĜHGHSVDQi GiYND SĜHGHYãtP RELOt REHFQtP ]DPČVWQDQFĤP – SDVWêĜĤP SRQRFQêP
NRYiĜĤP SĜtSDGQČ XþLWHOĤP &R VH W]Y SĜHV\SDOR þHKR VH GRVWDOR YtFH QHå E\OR SĜHGHSViQR
SURGDORVHD]DXWUåHQp SHQt]HVHQDNRXSLORSLYRNWHUpVHY\SLORSUiYČRÄVYDWRPDUWLQVNpVêSFH³
ýHQČN=tEUWStãHåHQDVYDWpKR0DUWLQDFKRGLOLYHVWROHWtNROHGRYDWQHMHQFKXGtåiFLDOHWĜHED
LNDQRYQtFLþLNDWL9HVYpPGtOHXYiGtþHVNRXåiNRYVNRXNROHGX :
68
6YDWpKR 0DUWLQD
YãHOLNiURGLQD
GQHVãþHGURVW]SRPtQi
EH]HYãHKRVWDWNX
YHVHOHV þHOiGNX
7XþQ~KXVKXVKXV
WXþQ~KXVMtYtQRSLMe,
EH]HYãHKRVPXWNX
5DþWHåGDURYDWL
PDMtFQDSDPČWL
VYDWpKRãWČGURW\
DE\FKRPY rDGRVWL
SRGOHYDãLHFWQRVWL
WXþQ~K~VXSHþHQX
PRKOLV YiPLMLHVWL
$OHP\ãNROQtFL
SRGREQtSDFKROtFL
PDOtLYHOLFt
Y ãNROHNG\åVHGtPH
YHVHOH]SLHYiPH
QHEĢQiVQXWLHYHVHOp
WRKRQHWDMtPH
$OHY\EUDWĜtPLOt
PČMWHåQDSDPČWL
VYDWpKRãþHGURWX
0DUWLQDU\WtĜH
Q\QLHY WpWRPLHĜH
QHFKFHWH-OLKXVLGiWL
GDMWHGYDSHQLH]H
3URWRåGQHVYHVHOH
Y GREUpãþHGUpYROL
YČG~FYDãHP\VOL
k YiPVPH]DYtWDOL
DE\FKRPGDUY]DOL
E\FKRPGXVQRVWFKXGRE\
WXG\]DSXGLOL
$þQiVGDUXMHWH
RGSODWXYH]PHWH
Y NUiORYVWYtQHEHVNpP
V %RKHPWDPE\GOtFH
V QtPVHUDGXMtFH
DQDYHN\V DQMHOL
DPHQ]SLHYDMtFH
69
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLDQHE 0DUWLQVNiVODYQRVW
Ä6YČWORPiPRF]DKQDWWPXQHQDRSDN.GHNROLWRWLåYFKi]tVYČWORWDPWPDEU]\EXćĜtGQH, nebo
PL]t$QDRSDNWPDQHPiVLODE\RGVWUDQLODVYČWOR³
-$.RPHQVNê
0RWWR -DQD $PRVH .RPHQVNpKR MH
~VWĜHGQtPERGHPQDãtPQRKDOHWpãNROQtWUDGLFH
QD]YDQp 6ODYQRVW VYČWOD 9 SRG]LPQt þDV NG\
VH NUiWt GHQ D QRF VH GORXåt SURFKi]tPH
V GČWPL SĜL ODPSLyQRYpP SUĤYRGX YHVQLFt DE\FKRP
VSROHþQČ V GDOãtPL OLGPL QDSOQLOL ]iNODGQt PRWLY VYiWNX
VYDWpKR 0DUWLQD – GR WP\ SUi]GQRW\ D FKODGX SĜLQiãtPH
VYČWOR SRFLW SRVSROLWRVWL D EUDWUVWYt VWHMQČ MDNR NG\VL
0DUWLQ SURNi]DO EUDWUVWYt D VRXFLW åHEUiNRYL NG\å PX
GDURYDOSĤONXVYpKRSOiãWČ
9]RUHPSURWXWRVODYQRVW QiPE\ODDNWLYLWDZDOGRUIVNêFK
ãNRO NWHUp VL SĜLSRPtQDMt VYDWpKR 0DUWLQD QiVOHGXMtFtP
REĜDGHP Ä9 SRGYHþHU VYiWNX VY 0DUWLQD VH VFKi]tPH QD
]ãHĜHOpORXFHXYVWXSXGROHVDRERU\+YČ]GD8þLWHOpGČWHP
VODYQRVWQČ ]DSDOXMt MHMLFK ODPSLRQ\ 8å ]DSDORYiQt
ODPSLRQĤ MH PDOêP REĜDGHP GDURYiQt D SĜLMtPiQt RKQČ –
GČWLPRKRX]DåtWåHGDURYDQpVYČWORUR]GiYiQtP neubývá.
'ČWL Y ]iVWXSX NUiþHMt Y WLFKRVWL QDSĜHG teprve za nimi
URGLþH VH VRXUR]HQFL 6WĜHåt VL VYp VYČWêOko, aby jim
QH]KDVOR3UĤYRGVHSRFHVWLþFH]HVYČWêOHNYHVNOHQLþNiFK
Y\GiYiKOHGDWGROHVQt]LP\DWHPQRW\ 0DUWLQRYRSRVHOVWYt
/DPSLRQRYêSUĤYRGY äLPURYLFtFK
8SURVWĜHG OHVD YH VSOHWLWêFK GR YêãN\ Y\VWXSXMtFtFK
NRĜHQHFKPRKXWQpKRGXEX]iĜtGRWP\QDY\ĜH]DQêFKGêQtQHMUĤ]QČMãtvelikosti. 'ČWLNDåGRURþQČ
REHVWRXSt]iĜtFtVYČWORDYWLFKpP~åDVXMHMGORX]HSR]RUXMt9H VWUiQLPH]LVWURP\VHQiKOH]DþQH
ozývat SUDVNiQt YČWYLþHN – WR VYDWê 0DUWLQ QD EtOpP NRQL SUiYČ SURMtåGt NROHP 'ČWL VH Y\GiYDMt
KOHGDW MHKR SRVHOVWYt – PDUWLQVNp URKOtþN\ Y UDQHþNX R NWHUp VH SDN UR]GČOXMt VH VYêPL URGLþL
VRXUR]HQFLDVSROXåiN\³
0DUWLQVNiVODYQRVWQDEt]tKQHGQČNROLN]DMtPDYêFKþLQQRVWt
9êUREDODPSLRQX
1iYRGĤ QD YêUREX ODPSLRQX GQHV QDOH]QHPH
FHORX ĜDGX . WRPX QDãHPX SRWĜHEXMHPH NXODWRX
NUDELþNX RG VêUĤ QD MHMtå GQR SĜLOHStPH WDYQRX
SLVWROt SODVWRYê NDOtãHN KĜELWRYQt VYtFH MH PRåQp
SRXåtW L þDMRYp VYtþN\ 6WČQ\ ODPSLRQX Y\WYRĜtPH ]H þWYUWN\
SDStUX QD Qtå VL GČWL PRKRX QDPDORYDW OLERYROQê PRWLY NWHUê
SDN QĤåNDPL SURVWĜLKDMt ýWYUWNX SDStUX SRGOHStPH SRPDORYDQêP SHþtFtP QHER KHGYiEQêP SDStUHP 'ČURYDþNRX GR
KRUQtKRRNUDMHþWYUWN\XGČOiPHGtUN\NWHUêPLSURYOHþHPHþW\ĜL
ãSHMOH QHER GĜtYND 7\ QiP ]SHYQt KRUQt RNUDM ODPSLRnu
D]iURYHĖXMHMLFKNĜtåHQtPĤåHPHSĜLSHYQLWGUiWHNFRE\XFKR
QDãtUXþQČY\UREHQpOXFHUQLþN\
$NG\E\FKRPVLP\VOHOLåHQHMVPHGRVWRULJLQiOQtPĤåHPH
VL Y\URELW OXFHUQLþN\ Y\GODEiYDQp ] ĜHS\ MDNR WR GČOiYDOL
Y PLQXORVWLQDãLSĜHGFL
3HþHQtVYDWRPDUWLQVNpKR SHþLYD
1DSpFW VL PDUWLQVNp SRGNRY\ PĤåH EêW SUR QDãL VODYQRVW GDOãt ]DMtPDYRX DNWLYLWRX
3RPRFL QiP PRKRX L PDPLQN\ DOH QtåH XYHGHQê UHFHSW ]YOiGQRX V PDORX GRSRPRFt
L PODGãt GČWL 1D MHGQRGXFKp URKOtþN\ ] QHN\QXWpKR WČVWD EXGHPH SRWĜHERYDW GNJ
KODGNpPRXN\KHUXNHOtPHNN\VDQpVPHWDQ\QDQiSOĖSRWĜHEXMHPHJPOHWêFK
RĜHFKĤJFXNUXJPiVODYHMFH
3ĜtSUDYD 7ČVWR SĜLSUDYtPH ] PRXN\ KHU\ D N\VDQp VPHWDQ\ 1HFKiPH MHM Y OHGQLþFH DOHVSRĖ
2 KRGLQ\ XOHåHW .RXOL WČVWD
UR]GČOtPH QD þW\ĜL GtO\ NWHUp
Y\YiOtPH GR NXODWp SODFN\
.DåGRX SODFNX KYČ]GLFRYČ
UR]GČOtPH QD RVP GtOĤ 1D
MHGQRWOLYp GtON\ QDQiãtPH
QiSOĖNWHURXMVPHVLSĜLSUDYLOL
]H YãHFK YêãH XYHGHQêFK
LQJUHGLHQFt5RKOtþN\PĤåHPH
QDSOĖRYDWPDNRYRXQHERWDNp
WYDURKRYRXQiSOQt2GREYRGX
NUXKX NH VWĜHGX ]DYLQHPH
tČVWR D YDMtþNHP QDWĜHQp
URKOtþN\]YROQDSHþHPH Då GR
]ODWRYDDVLPLQXW8SHþHQp
URKOtþN\ PĤåHPH REDOLW YH
YDQLONRYpPFXNUX
5R]GiYiQt VYDWRPDUWLQVNêFK URKOtNĤ Y UiPFL 0DUWLQVNp VODYQRVWL
Y =iNODGQtãNROHäLPURYLFH
9ãHFKQ\ SĜHGHãOp þLQQRVWL
VPČĜXMt N MHGLQpPX – ODPSLoQRYpPX SUĤYRGX NWHUêP VL
SĜLSRPHQHPH OLVWRSDGX
VYiWHN VYDWpKR 0DUWLQD .G\å
Y ~YRGX EXGHPH GČWHP
UR]åtKDW MHMLFK ODPSLoQ\,
SĜLSRPHQHPHVLWtPWRREGDURYiYiQtP VNXWHN VY 0DUWLQD
NWHUê VH SRGČOLO VH åHEUiNHP
o VYĤM SOiãĢ 1DãL VODYQRVW VL
PĤåHPHRERKDWLWRY\VWRXSHQt
GČWt NWHUp QiP SĜLSRPHQH
MLå YêãH SRSVDQRX OHJHQGX
1iã SUĤYRG PĤåHPH XNRQþLW
UR]GiYiQtP PDUWLQVNêFK UR6YDWê0DUWLQQDEtOpPNRQLäLPURYLFH
KOtþNĤ $ NG\å VH Y ]iYČUX
GČWL GRþNDMt EČORXãH NWHUê WPRX QHVH QD VYpP KĜEHWČ 0DUWLQD REOHþHQpKR Y ĜtPVNpP YRMHQVNpP
RGČYXNRX]ORWRKRWRYHþHUDMH]DYUãHQR0DUWLQVNiWUDGLFHPiSUiYRQDYUiWLWVHGRQDãtYHVQLFH
71
/,6723$'– .$7(ě,1$$/(;$1'5,-6.È
.DWHĜLQD$OH[DQGULMVNi
3ĜHVWRåH YH VWĜHGRYČNX E\OD VY .DWHĜLQD YHOPL
XFWtYiQD GQHV MLå RGERUQtFL ] FtUNHYQtFK NUXKĤ
SĜL]QiYDMtåHMGHRQHGRORåLWHOQRXDVP\ãOHQRXSRVWDYX
3RGUXKpPYDWLNiQVNpPNRQFLOXE\OD.DWHĜLQDSURVYRX
KLVWRULFNRX QHGRORåHQRVW Y\ĖDWD ]H VH]QDPX VYČWFĤ
ĜtPVNRNDWROLFNpFtUNYH
3RGOHOHJHQG\VHY\SUiYtåHVY.DWHĜLQDE\ODNUiVQRX
PRXGURX D QHRE\þHMQČ Y]GČODQRX NĜHVĢDQVNRX VYČWLFt,
NWHUi VH QDURGLOD QD NRQFL VWROHWt Y (J\SWČ D NWHUi
SĜHãOD QD NĜHVĢDQVNRX YtUX ]iVOXKRX PtVWQtKR
SRXVWHYQtND-HOLNRåVYĤMåLYRW]DVYČWLOD%RKXDNURPČ
WRKRY\QLNDODYêĜHþQRVWtGRNi]DODQDNĜHVĢDQVNRXYtUX
REUiWLW L QČNWHUp UiGFH XþHQFH D ILOR]RI\ FtVDĜH
0D[LPLDQDWUDGXMHVHåHMLFKE\ORQČFRNROHPDåH
MH FtVDĜ QDNRQHF QHFKDO SRSUDYLW 'RNRQFH VH QHEiOD
VDPD SĜHGVWRXSLW SĜHG FtVDĜH 0D[LPLDQD V WtP DE\
VH Y]GDO SRKDQVWYt D VWDO VH NĜHVĢDQHP &tVDĜL
0D[LPLDQRYLVHOtELOD.DWHĜLQLQDRVREQRVWMHMtKRUOLYRVW
D PRXGURVW SURWR VH UR]KRGO SRåiGDW ML R UXNX .G\å
MHKRåiGRVWRGPtWODVWtPåHVH]DVOtELOD.ULVWXQHFKDO
ML]KU]HQêYOiGFHSRSUDYLW
7UDGXMH VH åH SUYQtP ]SĤVREHP PXþHQt PČOR EêW
POêQVNp NROR QD NWHUp PČOD EêW .DWHĜLQD ~GDMQČ QDStQDQi DYãDN NRQVWUXNFH NROD SRYROLOD SRG
tlDNHP 3URWR E\O\ ]YROHQ\ MLQp ]SĤVRE\ PXþHQt 1DNRQHF E\OD .DWHĜLQD VĢDWD /HJHQGD GiOH
Y\SUiYtåH]HåLO.DWHĜLQ\QHY\VWĜLNRYDODNUHYDOHSUêãWLORPOpNR1DG.DWHĜLQRXVHVQHVOLDQGČOp
NWHĜt MHMt WČOR RGQHVOL QD 6LQDMVNê SRORRVWURY QD ~SDWt 0RMåtãRY\ KRU\ NGH E\O SR]GČML ]D FtVDĜH
-XVWLiQD , - QD MHMt SDPiWNX ]EXGRYiQ FKUiP VY .DWHĜLQ\ .DWHĜLQD E\OD SRGOH OHJHQG\
SRSUDYHQDOLVWRSDGX
.XOW VY .DWHĜLQ\ VH UR]ãtĜLO Y ýHFKiFK EČKHP VWROHWt = Wp GRE\ SRFKi]t YHUãRYDQi OHJHQGD
o VY .DWHĜLQČ NWHUi REVDKXMH QD YHUãĤ 3URSDJiWRUHP D SRGSRURYDWHOHP NXOWX VY .DWHĜLQ\
E\OL .DUHO,9NWHUêYČĜLOåH]iVOXKRXWpWRVYČWLFH]YtWČ]LOYELWYČQDGLWDOVNêPLVSLNOHQFLXKUDGX
6DQ)HOLFDDGtN\QtVH]DFKUiQLOSĜLVSLNQXWtY3LVH9ãHFKQDMHKRYtWČ]VWYtVH~GDMQČPČODVWiWYH
GQLNG\VLSĜLSRPtQiPHVYiWHN.DWHĜLQ\3URWRVHLWHQWREXGRXFtYOiGFHĜtPVNêFtVDĜDþHVNêNUiO
UR]KRGOY\VWDYČWWpWRVYČWLFLQD .DUOãWHMQČQiGKHUQRXNDSOLY\NOiGDQRXGUDKêPLNDPHQ\NWHUiVH
VWDODPtVWHPMHKRPHGLWDFtDSĜHPêãOHQt
.DWHĜLQD VH VWDOD SDWURQNRX XQLYHU]LW
XþHQFĤVWXGHQWĤXþLWHOĤĜHPHVOQêFKSURIHVt
NROiĜĤ PO\QiĜĤ PODGêFK GtYHN QiPRĜQtNĤ
a WLVNDĜĤ
0H]L DWULEXW\ V NWHUêPL MH VY .DWHĜLQD
QHMþDVWČML Y\REUD]RYiQD SDWĜt NROR NQLKD
NRUXQDDSDOPRYiUDWROHVW
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX.DWHĜLQX
3RGREQČ MDNR R VYiWNX %DUERUN\ FKRGtYDOD
YH 6OH]VNX GČYþDWD GR VDGX DE\ VL XĜt]OD
YČWYLþNX WĜHãQČ 7X GtYN\ QHFKDO\ GR
âWČGUpKR YHþHUD Y\NYpVW D SHþOLYČ VSRþtWDO\ V GHQ VYDWp .DWHĜLQ\ VH QHPi SUDFRYDW VH YãtP FR Pi
SRþHW NYČWĤ 6XGê SRþHW ]QDPHQDO åH VH NRODþLNROHPMH- QDSĜPOêQNRORYUDWSRYR]WUDNDĜ
72
GtYNDGRURNDYGiOLFKêSRþHWR]QDPRYDOåHVYDWEDQHEXGH
7DNp SODWLOR åH VH Y GHQVYDWp.DWHĜLQ\ QHPi SUDFRYDW VH YãtP FR Pi NROD þLNROHPMH - QDSĜ
POêQNRORYUDWSRYR]WUDNDĜ
6H VYDWRX .DWHĜLQRX VH SRMt L WUDGLþQt NDWHĜLQVNi ]iEDYD NWHUi XNRQþRYDOD EXMDUp YHVHOt SĜHG
DGYHQWHPDYiQRþQtPLVYiWN\3RGOHýHĖND=tEUWD VHWDQFRYDþNDQHVODY UHåLLåHQDGtYHNNWHUp
RSOiFHO\PXåĤPSRVYtFHQtWR]QDPHQiåHVHVWDUDO\RSRKRãWČQtWDQHþQtNĤDPX]LNDQWĤětNDORVH
ÄäiGQpUDQW\QDVYDWRX.DWHĜLQXåHQ\SODWtPX]LNDQW\³
&R WR SUR PXåH ]QDPHQDOR" 'R SĤOQRFL VHGČOL SRGpO VWČQ GČYþDWD ] SDUNHWX MLP NêYDOD DE\
ÄQDVWRXSLOL³ N tanFL 2 SĤOQRFL GtYN\ PXåĤP GRYROLO\ GYČ-WĜL SiQVNp YROHQN\ 2YãHP MDNPLOH VH
SĜLEOtåLOR UiQRSUiYRåHQDGtYHN MLå QHSODWLOR-DNýHQČN =tEUW]D]QDPHQDOÄ7DQHF VH UR]YtĜLOR
SĜHNRW ]YOiãWČ NG\å QD UR]ORXþHQRX V WDQFHP SĜHG DGYHQWHP OiNDOD U\FKOi PX]LND Qa „kalup“…
.RQHF]iEDYiPWDQFLěHNOD.iþDVY.DWHĜLQD%DUFHVY%DUERĜH1HFKPHWRKRWDQFH³
73
/,6723$'– 69$7é21'ě(6YDWê2QGĜHM
6YDWê 2QGĜHM SĤYRGHP äLG E\O MHGQtP
] GYDQiFWL DSRãWROĤ -HåtãH .ULVWD 1DURGLO VH
Y %HWVDLGČ QD EĜHKX *DOLOHMVNpKR MH]HUD
Y 3DOHVWLQČSR]GČMLåLOY.DIDUQDXP6SROXVH
VYêP EUDWUHP âLPRQHP 3HWUHP VH åLYLOL MDNR
U\EiĜL2QGĜHMVHVWDOXþHGQtNHP-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
D SR]GČML L XþHGQtNHP -HåtãH .ULVWD
0DWRXãRYR HYDQJHOLXP NDSLWROD D YHUã SRSLVXMH RNDPåLN SRYROiQt 2QGĜHMH
a MHKR EUDWUD 3HWUD Ä.G\å SURFKi]HO -Håtã
.ULVWXV SRGpO *DOLOHMVNpKR PRĜH XYLGČO GYD
EUDWU\ âLPRQD ]YDQpKR 3HWU D MHKR EUDWUD
2QGĜHMH MDN YUKDMt VtĢ GR PRĜH E\OL WRWLå
U\EiĜL ěHNO MLP 3RMćWH ]D PQRX D XþLQtP
z vás rybiĜHOLGt³
6YDWê 2QGĜHM E\O SRYDåRYiQ ]D QHMEOLåãtKR
XþHGQtND-HåtãH.ULVWD9VH]QDPXDSRãWROĤMH
2QGĜHM X HYDQJHOLVW\ 0DWRXãH NDSLWROD
YHUã L X HYDQJHOLVW\ /XNiãH NDSLWROD
YHUãXYHGHQQDGUXKpPPtVWČY0DUNRYČ
HYDQJHOLX NDSLWROD YHUã MH 2QGĜHM
ĜD]HQPH]LXþHGQtN\QDþWYUWpPPtVWČ=GiVH
åH WR E\OR SRĜDGt KRGQRVWL PH]L DSRãWRO\
$SRãWRO MH WDNp KODYQt SRVWDYRX DSRNU\IQtFK
6NXWNĤVY2QGĜHMHNWHUpY]QLNO\NROHPVWROHWt
3RGOH OHJHQG\ E\O 2QGĜHM ]D FtVDĜH 1HUD QXFHQ N REČWHP ERKĤP VDPRWQêP PtVWRGUåtFtP
(JHXVHP 2QGĜHM WR RGPtWO SURWR E\O OLVWRSDGX XNĜLåRYiQ YH PČVWČ 3DWUDV Y $FKiML QD NĜtåL
NWHUêSĜLSRPtQDOStVPHQR;7RPXWRNĜtåLVHSĜH]GtYiVYDWRRQGĜHMVNêNĜtå3DQXMtUR]SRU\Y tom,
MDNE\ODSRSUDYDXVNXWHþQČQD1ČNWHUpSUDPHQ\XYiGČMtåH2QGĜHME\OQDNĜtåSĜLELWMLQpSDNåHQD
NĜtå E\O SĜLYi]iQ D SR GQ\ QD PXþHGQLFNpP QiVWURML XPtUDO 2QGĜHM Ni]DO HYDQJHOLXP
Y .DSDGRFLL, *DODWLL%LWK\QLLD6N\WKLL~GDMQČSUêGRãHODåNĜHFH9RO]H3RGOHOHJHQG\PČODORć
YH]RXFt 2QGĜHMRY\ RVWDWN\ ]WURVNRWDW Y ]iOLYX2-RYČGQHãQt]iOLY6W$QGUHZVQiPRĜQtFLNWHĜt
SOXOL QD WpWR ORGL PČOL GR 6NRWVND SĜLQpVW HYDQJHOLXP 2QGĜHMRYêP MPpQHP E\OR SRMPHQRYDQp
VNRWVNpPČVWR6W$QGUHZV
6YiWHNVYDWpKR2QGĜHMHVLSĜLSRPtQiPHYSUYQtPDGYHQWQtPWêGQXOLVWRSDGX
2QGĜHM MH SDWURQHP 5XVĤ 5XPXQĤ D 6NRWĤ -DNR U\EiĜ MH VSROHþQČ V EUDWUHP VYDWêP 3HWUHP
SDWURQHPU\EiĜĤDREFKRGQtNĤVU\EDPLGiOHSDNLKRUQtNĤĜH]QtNĤQHYČVWDSURYD]QtNĤ
%êYi]Qi]RUĖRYiQMDNRVWDUêPXåVGORXKêPLDEtOêPLYODV\DYRXV\, GUåtFtHYDQJHOLXPYSUDYp
UXFHDRStUDMtFtVHRNĜtåYHWYDUX;6YDWê2QGĜHMMHSDWURQHPU\EiĜĤSURYD]QtNĤ
TUDGLFH D]Y\N\ QDVYDWpKR2QGĜHMH
+QHGSRâWČGUpPGQLE\OOLVWRSDGQHMGĤOHåLWČMãtPYČãWHEQtPGQHP$SURWRåHVYDWê2QGĜHMMH
patronem nHYČVW E\O\ WR SĜHGHYãtP YGDYHNFKWLYp GtYN\ NWHUp VH QHMUĤ]QČMãtP ]SĤVREHP FKWČO\
GR]YČGČWMDNpKRåHQLFKDGRVWDQRX9 SRGYHþHUY\EtKDO\GtYN\GRVDGĤD]DKUDGDE\WĜiVO\SORWHP
DSĜLWRPRGĜtNiYDO\
6YDWê2QGĜHMX
MiSORWHPFKYČMX
DSRYL]PLWHåW\
NHUpKRGRVWDQX"
74
&KRĢE\RMHGQ\PRNX
HQHDåVHY\GDPWHKRURNX
=-DNWDĜH -LQGHGtYN\SĜLWĜHVHQtSORWHPRGĜtNiYDO\
.RSDOD]HOLQNXNRSXMDWČPD]HOLQNR
SČWLSUVW\ãHVWXPGODĖXP
DåVHYãHFL]DPQXPKRĖX
7ĜDVXWĜDVXSORWLVNR
DE\SĜLãORNXPQČFKODSLVNR
%\OD E\ FK\EDVLP\VOHWåHFKODSFHQH]DMtPDO MHMLFKRVXG ,RQL Y\EtKDOLGR]DKUDG\ DE\ WĜiVOL
VWURP\
6YDW\2QGĜHMX
MDVWURPHPFKYČMX
abys mi ukazal,
NRKRVHQDGČMX
$å VH Y NRUXQČ XWLãLO\ YČWYH FKODSHF RGĜtNiYDO VHOVNX ]DKUDGQLFNX FKDOXSQLFNX KRIHUVNX
SDQVNX"-DNSRGOHSRK\EXYČWYLþN\POiGHQHFWXSUDYRXSR]QDO-DQ9\KOtGDOQHY\VYČWOXMH=NUiWND
YČãWEDMHYČãWED
9 WHQWR GHQ VH KiGDOD EXGRXFQRVW L MLQêPL ]SĤVRE\ 0QRKp SĜLSRPtQDMt OLGHP SĜHFH MHQRP
]QiPČMãt ãWČGURYHþHUQt RE\þHMH 'tYN\ RWRþHQp ]iG\ NH GYHĜtP Ki]HO\ SĜHV KODYX VYRML ERWX,
SĜtSDGQČ NUEHF SRX]GUR QD EURXVHN .G\å VH ERWD RWRþLOD ãSLþNRX NH GYHĜtP E\OR WR ]QDPHQt
YHVHON\SDWDNHGYHĜtP]QDPHQDODRSDN
3RGREQpYiQRþQtPX]Y\NXE\OR LOLWtRORYD3ĜDGOHQ\LPOiGHQFLOLOLGRYRG\UR]WDYHQpRORYČQp
NXOLþN\NWHUêPVHĜtNDORÄRQGĜHMN\³3RGOHRGOLWêFKWYDUĤVHKiGDORMDNEXGHQDVWiYDMtFtY\SDGDW
]GDOLEXGHWOXVWêKUEDWêãWtKOêY\WiKOLãSČNQêDWG
-DQ 9\KOtGDO SRSLVXMH MHãWČ L MLQê ]Y\N NG\ VL POiGHå SĜHG VSDQtP QDSVDOD QD OtVWHþN\ MPpQD
VYêFKPLOêFKUiQRSRSUREX]HQtY\WiKQRXMHGHQOtVWHNMPpQRQDQČPSDWĜtY\YROHQpPX
'DOãtP]SĤVREHPYČãWE\E\ORRWiþHQtKUQtþNĤ3RGþW\ĜLKUQN\REUiFHQpGQHPY]KĤUXVHYORåLOD
KOtQD FKOpE SHQt] D ]HOHQi YČWYLþND QDSĜtNODG ]LPRVWUi]X 1HQt WČåNp XKRGQRXW FR MHGQRWOLYp
SĜHGPČW\V\PEROL]RYDO\+OtQD– VPUWFKOpE– GREURX~URGXRELOtSHQt]– KRMQRVWSHQČ]D]HOHQi
YČWYLþND VYDWEX .GR VH FKWČO VYRML EXGRXFQRVW Y SĜtãWtP URFH GR]YČGČW RWRþLO VH NH VWROX ]iG\
QHåOLVHKUQN\SURPtFKDO\DSDNVLY\EUDOMHGHQ] QLFKDWHQRWRþLO
75
ý$6$'9(178$525È7<
6ORYRDGYHQWSRFKi]t] ODWLQVNpKRDGYHQWXVD]QDPHQiSĜtFKRG$GYHQWMHSRþiWHNOLWXUJLFNpKR
URNXDSĜtSUDYRXQD9iQRFH.ĜHVĢDQpRþHNiYDMtQDUR]HQt-HåtãH.ULVWDD]iURYHĖVHSĜLSUDYXMtQD
SĜtFKRG .ULVWD QD NRQFL YČNX MDN R QČP StãH %LEOH $GYHQW YåG\ E\O þDVHP RþHNiYiQt ]WLãHQt
a ]NOLGQČQt Y REGREt GORXKêFK SURVLQFRYêFK QRFt /LGp Y PLQXORVWL GUåHOL SĤVW SĜHG QDVWiYDMtFtP
%RåtPKRGHP-LĜLQD/DQJKDPPHURYi MHGLQHþQČSRSVDODDWPRVIpUXDGYHQWQtKRþDVXY PLQXORVWL
9 WXWRGREXSĜHGHYãtPQDYHQNRYČNGH]Y\N\]UiO\VHVNXWHþQČPQRKRQHSUDFRYDORDOHVSRĖYH
VURYQiQtV OpWHP0iORVYČWODDFKODGOLGLEU]\VWDKRYDOGRPĤGRVYČWQLFHMHGLQpKRPtVWDY GRPČ
NGH VH ĜiGQČ WRSLOR D VYtWLOR E\Ģ E\ WR E\OR MHGLQp VYČWêONR QD VWROH þL MLQGH -DNRE\ VH OLGp
VKOXNRYDOLWtKOLN VREČDKOHGDOLVSROHþQRXSRGYČGRPRXĜHþSĜHNRQiQtREDYRSĜHåLWt'QHVVLWXWR
situaci WČåNRSĜHGVWDYXMHPH«3RþWYUWpKRGLQČRGSROHGQtMLåVWHMQČXPtUQČQêU\WPXVGQHXWLFKDO
6HGtVHXVWROXDNDPHQSRYtGiNRQDMtVHGUREQpSUiFHQDNWHUpMHDOHVSRĖWURFKXYLGČW1DYtFMVRX
]GH YãHFKQ\ JHQHUDFH – VWDĜt PODGt GČWL ,GHiOQt SURVWRU N SĜHQiãHQt YČGRPRVWt L GXFKRYQtFK
RGND]Ĥ3RKiGN\SRYČVWLåLYRWQtSĜtEČK\]StYiQt0X]LN\PiORQHEMHDGYHQW
9 PLQXORVWLSDNDGYHQWQtþDVSĜHGVWDYRYDOLREGREtREFKĤ]HNQHMUR]WRGLYQČMãtFKSRVWDY$ĢXåWR
E\O\EDUERUN\OXFN\PLNXOiãN\DPEURåDWG
-HãWČ MH WĜHED QDSVDW R GREČ WUYiQt DGYHQWX 8å SDSHå ěHKRĜ 9HOLNê XVWDQRYLO þW\ĜL DGYHQWQt
QHGČOH $GYHQW ]DþtQi þWYUWRX QHGČOt SĜHG âWČGUêP GQHP D NRQþt ]iSDGHP VOXQFH R âWČGUpP GQL
-HVWOLåH âWČGUê GHQ SĜLSDGQH QD QHGČOL MH RQ ViP þWYUWRX QHGČOt DGYHQWQt 3RþiWHN DGYHQWX VH
SRK\EXMHRGOLVWRSDGXGRSURVLQFHPĤåHWUYDWQHMPpQČGYDFHWGYDGQĤQHMYtFHSDNGYDFHW
RVPGQt
9 GREČDGYHQWXMHOLWXUJLFNRXEDUYRXILDORYi/LGpY GiYQpGREČFKRGLOLSLOQČGRNRVWHODQDUDQQt
PDULiQVNpPãH]YDQpURUiW\-HGQDORVHRþHVNpOLWXUJLFNp]SČY\1i]HYURUiW\SRFKi]t] ODWLQVNpKR
]SČYXÄ5RUDWHFRHOLGHVXSHU³URVXGHMWHQHEHVDVKĤU\-HMLFKSRþiWHNY þHVNêFK]HPtFKE\FKRP
QDOH]OLMLåY GREČ.DUOD,9QHMYČWãtKRUR]NYČWXURUiW\GRViKO\Y VWROHWt
9HYČWĜNRYLFNpNURQLFHMHNUiWNiY]SRPtQNDYČQRYiQDSUiYČURUiWXP „2G SRþiWNX SURVLQFH FKRGLOL 9ČWĜNRYãWt VNRUR UiQR GR NRVWHOD QD URUiW\ NWHUp ]YČVWXMt SĜtFKRG
9\NXSLWHOH 9 NRVWHOH E\OR WPD MHQ QD KODYQtP ROWiĜL KRĜHO\ VYtFH $E\ YČĜtFt YLGČOL QD WH[W
v PRGOLWHEQtFK NQtåNiFK QRVLOL V VHERX VYtþN\ 9 SURVLQFRYp GREČ SĤVWX VH NDåGê YHþHU PRGOLOL
GRPDUĤåHQHFUDGRVWQê.“
5RUDWHFRHOL
/DWLQVN\
5RUDWHFDHOLGHVXSHUHWQXEHVSOXDQWMXVWXP
DSHULDWXUWHUUDHWJHUPLQHW6DOYDWRUHP
ýHVN\
5RVXGHMWHQHEHVDVKĤU\DREODNRYpGãWČWH
6SUDYHGOLYpKR
2WHYĜLVH]HPČDY\SXþ 6SDVLWHOH
&DHOLHQDUUDQWJORULDP 'HL
HWRSHUDPDQXXPHMXVDQQXQWLDW
ILUPDPHQWXP
1HEHVDY\SUDYXMtVOiYX%Råt
DGtORUXNRXMHKR]YČVWXMHREORKD
*ORULD3DWULHW)LOLRHW6SLULWXL6DQFWR
VLFXWHUDWLQSULQFLSLRHWQXQTXHVHPSHU
HWLQVDHFXODVDHFXORUXPDPHQ
6OiYD2WFLL6\QXL'XFKX6YDWpPX
-DNRE\ODQDSRþiWNXLQ\QtLYåG\FN\
DQDYČN\YČNĤ$PHQ
-DQ 9\KOtGDO ]D]QDPHQDO MLQRX Y]SRPtQNX QD URUiW\ 111 2 URUiWHFK FKUiP\ EêYDMt MDN QDELW\
DVSRĖMHGHQNUiWWLQHMVODEãtDQHMPHQãtPXVtEêWLQDQLFKWĜHEDE\ONRVWHOÄRKUDQLFH³DWRKRGQČ
GDOHNR
Ä-HGHQUD]³Y\NOiGDODVWDUãtRVREDÄPDWLþNDQiVSUREXGLO\RþW\ĜHFKÄHãOLFKFHWHYVWiYHMWHDå
VHREOHþHWHDYãHFLSRYROiWHSRVRXVHGiFKWRåMXåPiWHFRLVĢDåQH]PHãNiWH³3RVOHFKO\ MVPHDãO\
76
DOH åiGQi MVPH QHPČO\ VYČWOD PČVtþHN
QHVYtWLO -DN MVPH SĜLãO\ GR OHVD QHEH VH
]DPUDþLOR FHVWD VH ]YêãLOD URYQR VH
VWURPRYtP1RWXåWRE\ODFHVWDRGVWURPX
k VWURPXEXFKEiFGRKODY\6DPpKUXãN\
E\O\QDKODYČ
3ĜLMGHPGRGRP] NRVWHODÄQR pro Pána
-DQD"³ PDWLþND YRODO\ ÄFR MVWH WR Wpå
naUiEČO\ PiWH KODYX MHGQX UiQX RVWDWQt
Ui]MVWHQDURUiWHFKE\O\.“
Ä1D GUXKê GHQ ]DV QiV REXGLO\ DOH MXå
VHQiPGREĜHNUiþHOR³
$NWLYLW\QHMHQSURGČWLY DGYHQWQtPþDVH
-DNSĜLãHOQDVYČWDGYHQWQtYČQHF
3ĜHG OpW\ MVPH V GČWPL RWHYĜHOL DGYHQW WH[WHP
HYDQJHOLFNpKR IDUiĜH 0LORãH 5HMFKUWD NWHUê QHVH
Qi]HY-DVQR] GUVQD 1123URWRåHP\ãOHQN\WH[WXMVRX
VDP\ R VREČ LQVSLUXMtFt SĜLQiãtPH MHM Y SOQpP ]QČQt -HVWOL VH
UR]KRGQHWH VL SĜtEČK SĜHþtVW VSROHþQČ V GČWPL QH]DSRPHĖWH SĜL
QČP ]DSiOLW SĜtVOXãQê SRþHW VYtFt QD YDãHP DGYHQWQtP YČQFL
.RPtKiQt SODPtQNX QDG VYtþNRX Pi QHXYČĜLWHOQRX VtOX D PRF
L Y QDãHP WHFKQLFNpPVYČWČ 9\SUiYČMWHVLV GČWPL R SĜHþWHQpP
WH[WX
ýDV OHWt MH WX SURVLQHF D ]tWUD EXGHPH QD DGYHQWQtP YČQFL
UR]VYČFHWSUYQtVYtþNXýtPMHQiPXPČOpVYČWORGRVWXSQČMãtWtP
YtFH YQtPiPH UR]åHKQXWt SODPtQNX VYtþN\ MDNR REĜDG VODYQRVW
RþHNiYiQtDQČK\
, WHQ SĜHGYiQRþQt þDV Pi VYp RE\þHMH D ULWXiO\ NWHUp VH WX
]GDMt EêW RG QHSDPČWL D ]UR]HQp Y SRKiGNRYp ]HPL QLNRKR
=DMtPDYp DOH MH åH PtVWR Y]QLNX DGYHQWQtKR YČQFH ]QiPH 'DV 5DXH +DXV Y Hornu u Hamburku.
K SĜH]GtYFHÄGUVQêGĤP³QHSĜLãODGRW\þQiEXGRYDNYĤOLIDViGČQêEUåSĜtþLQRXRVD]HQVWYDÒĜHGQt
Qi]HY]QČOÄ9êFKRYQê~VWDYSURPUDYQČQDUXãHQRXPOiGHå³
9 URFH MHKR ĜHGLWHO OXWHUVNê IDUiĜ -RKDQQ +LQULFK :LFKHUQ ]DPČVWQDO VYp VYČĜHQFH
YêURERXNXODWpKRGĜHYČQpKROXVWUX3UYQtDGYHQWQtQHGČOLQDQČPUR]VYtWLOLSUYQtVYtþNXDWDNGiOH
DåGRWpDGYHQWQtþWYUWp1iYãWČYQtNĤPDOLGHP] RNROtVHWHQQiSDG]DOtELO]DþDOLWRGČODWWDNpWDN
DåWHQYČQHFGRFHOD]JOREDOL]RYDOL
7XãtP åH L MLQp RE\þHMH D ULWXiO\WDNMDNRQiURGQtStVQČPDMtVYpKRDXWRUD$GYHQWQtYČQHF VH
SĜLSLVXMH ĜHGLWHOL SDVĢiNX :LFKHUQRYL Mi E\FK DOH WHQ SUYQt QiSDG WLSRYDO VStã QD QČNRKR
z FKRYDQFĤ SĜLþHPå QHK\QRXFt VOiYD GĤVWRMQpKR SiQD MH åH GREUp QiSDG\ QHWUHVWDO D NUHDWLYLWX
QHGXVLO 1ČNGR SURVWČ PČO QiSDG N WRPX ãDQFL WHQ QiSDG SĜHGYpVW D QiSDG VH XMDO 0XVHO PtW
RYãHPWUHIQêQiSDGNWHUêQDEt]tQČFRSRþHPMHVNU\WiSRSWiYND
$GYHQWQt YČQHF ]ĜHMPČ RGSRYČGČO QD QDãL SRSWiYNX SR QDGČML 7UHILO VH D VWiOH VH WUHIXMH GR
þHUQpKRSĜtPRGRSURVWĜHGWP\1HMGĜtYMHQPDOLQNDWêPVYČWpONHP– MHGQRXVYtFt SURWLPRĜLWHPQRW
=D WêGHQ DOH Xå EXGRX GYČ 2KURPQê RKĖRVWURM ] WRKR QHEXGH QLNG\ QLFPpQČ VYČWOD Y\WUYDOH
SĜLEêYi'ČMHVHWDNSUiYČY GREČNG\GQ\VHNUiWtKRXVWQHVPRJDFRSĜHGþDVHPQDGČMQČUDãLOR
UR]NOiGiVHY KXPXV 7LFKpKR D YOtGQpKRVYČWODMH]DVHRWURFKXYtF – NGRPiãRþLN YLGČQt YL] D
EXćGREUpP\VOL
2VWDWQČYãLPOLMVWHVLNG\MHWYiĜPLORYDQpE\WRVWL QHMQČåQČMãt".G\åMLR]DĜXMHPČNNpPLKRWDYp
VYČWORVYtþN\9\]NRXãHMWHWHQKOHQiSDGDGYHQWMHN WRPXþDVPLPRĜiGQČYKRGQê
77
35OSI1(&– 69$7È%$5%25$
6YDWi%DUERUD
3DWĜtPH]LW\VYDWpPXþHGQLFHRNWHUêFKVH
QiP QHGRFKRYDO\ VSROHKOLYp ]SUiY\
1DURGLOD VH SUDYGČSRGREQČ YH VWROHWt
Y 1LNRPHGLL 7DP WDNp åLOD MDNR SDQQD
a ]HPĜHODPXþHGQLFNRXVPUWt9 MHMtPåLYRWČ
VHQDSOQLOD-HåtãRYDVORYD1HP\VOHWHVLåH
MVHPSĜLãHOQD]HPXYpVWSRNRMQHSĜLãHOMVHP
XYpVW SRNRM DOH PHþ 1HERĢ MVHP SĜLãHO
SRVWDYLW V\QD SURWL MHKR RWFL GFHUX SURWL
PDWFH VQDFKX SURWL WFKêQL D QHSĜtWHOHP
þORYČND EXGH MHKR YODVWQt URGLQD³ 0W 34-
-HMt SDPiWNX VL SĜLSRPtQiPH SURVLQFH
6YDWi %DUERUD MH PLPR MLQp SDWURQNRX
KRUQtNĤVHGOiNĤDUFKLWHNWĤ]HGQtNĤWHVDĜĤ
NXFKDĜĤ ĜH]QtNĤ NDPHQtNĤ KUREQtNĤ DOH
L GtYHN1HMþDVWČMLVHWDWRVYČWLFHY\REUD]XMH
V NDOLFKHP þDVWR V KRVWLt GČOHP NQLKRX
SDYtP SHUHP PHþHP YČåt V WĜHPL RNQ\
ýDVWR EêYi ]Qi]RUĖRYiQD YH VSROHþQRVWL
GDOãtFKSRPRFQtNĤ YQRX]L$VLQHMVWDUãt
Y\REUD]HQt VY %DUERU\ E\OR REMHYHQR
Y NRVWHOH 6DQWD 0DrLD $QWLTXD QD 3DODWLQX
Y ětPČDSRFKi]t]NRQFH7VWROHWt
&tVDĜ -XVWLQLiQ SUê SĜHQHVO RVWDWN\VY %DUERU\ Y VWROHWt GR.RQVWDQWLQRSROHRGNXGVHNROHP
URNX GRVWDO\ GR GyPX VY 0DUND Y %HQiWNiFK D Y URFH E\O\ SĜHQHVHQ\ QD QHGDOHNê
RVWURY 7RUFHOOR GR NRVWHOD VY -DQD HYDQJHOLVW\ 3 )U (NHUW XYiGt åH Y URFH QČMDNRX þiVW
] RVWDWNĤVY%DUERU\GRYH]OGR3UDK\SURVYDWRYtWVNêFKUiPL.DUHO,9
3RGOH OHJHQG\ VH WUDGXMH åH E\OD NUiVQRX GFHURX ERKDWpKR 'LRVNXUD NWHUê E\O QHSĜtWHOHP
NĜHVĢDQĤ&KWČOVYRMLGFHUXRFKUiQLWSĜHGMHMLFKYOLYHPWtPåHMLQHFKDOXYČ]QLWYHYČåLV QiOHåLWêP
SĜHS\FKHP %DUERUD QHPRKOD YČå RSXVWLW EH] RWFRYD VRXKODVX 0H]L VORXåtFtPL E\O YãDN NĜHVĢDQ
NWHUê%DUERĜH]YČVWRYDO-HåtãH.ULVWDDREUiWLOMLQDYtUX 3RWpVH%DUERUDGRKRGODVH]HGQtN\DE\ML
YHYČ]HQtY\EXGRYDOLWĜHWtRNQRNWHUpE\MtV\PEROL]RYDOR1HMVYČWČMãt7URMLFL7UDGXMHVHåHEČKHP
MHGQp]RWFRYêFKFHVWVHQHFKDODSRNĜWtWDRWFLVGČOLODåHVYĤMåLYRW]DVYČFXMH .ULVWX3ĜHGRWFRYêP
KQČYHPVH XNU\ODGRMHVN\QČNGHSĜLUR]MtPiQtþHUSDODVtOXDYtUX ZDWtPFRVH%DUERUDXNUêYDOD
MHMt RWHF SĜHPêãOHO MDN E\ ML SRWUHVWDO PĜL]YDO VL QD SRPRF VRXGFH 0DUFLDQD D %DUERUX GDO NUXWČ
]ELþRYDW 7D SRWUHVWiQt XVWiOD D GDOãtKR Gne QHE\O\ SDWUQ\ åiGQp ]QiPN\ SR SĜHGFKR]tP PXþHQt
1ČNWHUpSUDPHQ\XYiGČMtPXNDMDNRMVRXGUiViQtåHOH]QêPLKĜHEHQ\SiOHQtERNĤWOXþHQtGRKODY\
XĜH]iQt SUVRX NWHUêPL %DUERUD SURãOD DE\ ML RGYUiWLOL RG YtU\ Y -HåtãH .ULVWD 3RVOHGQtP
UR]KRGQXWtPVRXGFH0DUFLiQDE\ORXVHNQXWtKODY\9OpNOLML]QHWYRĜHQRXPČVWHPN SRSUDYLãWLSUR
RGVWUDãHQt OLGt RG YtU\ Y MHGLQpKR SUDYpKR %RKD%DUERUDMLPWXWRFK\VWDQRXSRSUDYXND]LOD VYou
VWDWHþQRVWt 7UDGXMH VH åH SUê L DQGČO ]DKDOLO %DUERĜLQR NUYiFHMtFt WČOR EtOêP RGČYHP 6DPRWQp
SRSUDY\VHQH]KRVWLONDWDOHYODVWQtRWHF%DUERU\NWHUêML KODYXVĢDO-DNPLOHWHQWRUR]VXGHNXþLQLO
]HPĜHO LKQHG L RQ SR ]iVDKX EOHVNX 9\SUiYt VH åH %DUERUD QRVLOD ]HOHQp ãDW\ MDNR V\PERO %Råt
VtO\SURWRVHVWDOR]Y\NHPWUKDWYČWYLþN\WĜHãQtYLãQtQHERWĜHED]ODWpKRGHãWČW]YEDUERUHNNWHUp
VHYORåtGRYRG\DE\GR9iQRFUR]NYHWO\
78
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX%DUERUX
'QHV Xå VL QLNGR QHY]SRPHQH QD REFKĤ]N\ %DUERUHN – GtYHN
REOHþHQêFK Y EtOêFK ãDWHFK -HãWČ Y SRORYLQČ VWROHWt YãDN
FKRGtYDOD Y SĜHGYHþHU VYiWNX VYDWp %DUERU\ SURVLQFH GČYþDWD
V GUDPDWLFNRX KURX DE\ SĜLSRPHQXOD GČWHP L GRVSČOêP åLYRW WpWR
SRGLYXKRGQp VYČWLFH 3R]GČML SDN E\O\ %DUERUN\ YQtPiQ\ MDNR
SRVORYpVYDWpKR0LNXOiãHNG\åYHVWDYHQtFKSRGČWHFKFKWČO\DE\
VH PRGOLO\ -HMLFK SĜtND] ÄPXOLVH PXOLVH³ NWHUê GQHV YČWãLQD OLGt
YQtPi MDNR þHUWRYVNp KXGURYiQt QH]QDPHQDO QLF MLQpKR QHåOL
ÄPRGOL VH PRGOL VH³ .G\å VH %DUERUN\ Y 2WLFtFK SĜHVYČGþLO\ åH
GČWL ]QDMt RGSRYČGL QD RWi]N\ ] NDWHFKLVPX D åH VH XPt PRGOLW
SRGDURYiYDO\ MH RĜHFK\ MDEON\ QHER WĜHED FXNURYtP 113 9 REFtFK
/XNDYFL X )XOQHNu D 3XVWČMRYČ X 6WXGpQN\ FKRGLO\ GYČ %DUERUN\
RGČQp GR EtOêFK ãDWĤ D EtOêFK NDEiWNĤ -HGQD ] QLFK PČOD QD KODYČ
þHUYHQê QHER ]HOHQê YČQHþHN RG QČKRå %DUERUFH YLVHOD GORXKi
.RVWHOVY-DQD.ĜWLWHOH
VWXKD GUXKi EêYDOD RGČQi Y NDUNXOL WDNWpå V GORXKRX VWXKRX QD DVY%DUERU\Y /XNDYFL
KODYČ .ROHP SDVX PČO\ GtYN\ RYi]DQRXSHQWOLY UXNRXQHFK\EČOD
PHWOLþNDNWHURX%DUERUN\R]QDPRYDO\VYĤMSĜtFKRGNOHSiQtPQDRNQDVWDYHQt$E\QHE\O\GtYN\
pUR]UD]HQ\ Y\þHViYDO\ VL YODV\ GR WYiĜH .G\å YVWRXSLO\ GR VYČWQLFH D GDO\ NĜHVĢDQVNp SĜLYtWiQt
MHGQD ] QLFK SDN Ä]YH KODVHP ]PČQČQêP GtWN\ N PRGOLWEČ VORY\ ÄětNDM ětNDM³ 3R 2WþHQiãL
RGSRYtGDMtGtWN\QDMLQp RWi]N\.ROLNMHVW%RKĤY"6YiWRVWt".GRVWYRĜLOVYČW".GRY\NRXSLO".GR
SRVYČWLO" 3RVORXFKDMt-OL GtWN\PDWN\XþLWHOH" 'tWČKRGQp GRVWDQH VXãHQpKR RYRFH RĜHFKĤYDSRG
WpåSRUXþtVHPXDE\SRVWDYLORPiVNXQDQtåURGLþHGRUiQDQČFRQDNODGRX1HXPČOR-OLYČWãtGtWČVH
PRGOLWL]DYROi%DUERUNDþHUWD ĜHWČ]HPRYLQXWpKRMHQåþHNiY VtQL“ 114 1HKRGQpGČWLQHERW\NWHUp
QH]QDO\RGSRYČGLQDRWi]N\] NDWHFKL]PXGRVWiYDO\ãtSN\SHFN\]HãYHVWHNQHERVPUNRYpãLãN\
1DYUFK SDN REGUåHO\ SiU UDQ PHWOLþNRX 1iURGRSLVHF ýHQČN =tEUW Y]SRPtQi åH MHãWČ RNROR URNX
FKRGLODYH6ODWLQČMHGQDåHQDRGČQiY EtOpSODFKWČ
'RGQHãQtFKGQĤVHQiPYãDNGRFKRYDOMLQê]Y\NVSRMHQêVHVYiWNHPVYDWp%DUERU\NG\YGDYHNFKWLYpGtYN\VLY VDGXOiPDO\WĜHãĖRYpQHERYLãĖRYpYČWYLþN\DE\MHSDNGRâWČGUpKRGQHY teple
FKRYDO\Y RþHNiYiQtåHNG\åMLPUR]NYHWRXGRURNDVHYGDMt'QHVQHRþHNiYiPHGRGRPXåHQLFKD
DOH WĜHãĖRYêPL QHER YLãĖRYêPL YČWYLþNDPL VL NUiãOtPH VYp GRPRY\ R YiQRþQtP þDVH %RåHQD
1ČPFRYi ~VW\ 'RUO\ Y 3RKRUVNp YHVQLFL
Y\SUDYXMHRWRPWR]Y\NXÄ1DVYDWĤ%Drboru
KXĜt]QHVLGtYþH- NG\åMHKXåWDNYHONpMDNRMi
— YLãĖRY~QHENĜHãĖRY~YČWYLþNXGiGR YRG\
QD WHSOp PtVWR — nejlpSH GR FKOtYD — tu
nejtepleji — REGHQ GiYi þHUVWY~ YRGX KD QD
vánoce vykvete. ...7\ YČWYLþN\ QHVX VL GČXþDWD
QDSĤOQRþQt]DãQČURYDþN~KDNWHUêFKODSec ji
FKDSQH ]D WRKR PXãt MtĢ 9ãHFKQ\ PRMH
YUVWHYQLFH SČVWXMt VL SU~WN\ SURþ E\ Mi VH
VWUDQLOD" - %iEDĜtNiFRPiþORYČNDSRWUHQĢ
åH KR SRWUHIt NG\E\ VH UXNDPD QRKDPD
Y]StUDO³ 115
6YiWHN SDQt %DUERU\ E\O Y FtUNHYQtP URFH
]DVWDYHQtP QHMHQ SUR GČWL NWHUp RþHNiYDO\
QDYãWtYHQt %DUERUHN Y EtOpP RGČYX YGDYHNFKWLYêFKPODGêFKGtYHNDOHLWČFKVWDUãtFK9H
VYêFK Y]SRPtQNiFK XYiGt /XGPLOD +RĜNi116
SUDSRGLYQRXPRGOLWEXVWDĜHQHN] .UDYDĜ
79
6YDWDSDQL%DUERUNDUDQRVWDYDOD
GRNRVWHOLþNDFKRGtYDOD
k 3DQX%RKXVHPRGOtYDOD
3ĜLOHWČOLWĜHVYDWLDQGČOLþNRYp
Y]DOLMXQDVYRMLFKNĜLGHONRFKGRQHEH
1HEHVDVHRWHYĜHO\GXãLþN\VHUDGRYDO\
HQHPMHGQDQLFRRWFHDPDWNXELMDYDOD
-DVHPWRQČXþLQLODHQHPVHPVHSRP\VOHOD
Ä7\GXãLþNRW\PDãWDN\ YHON\KĜLFK
þHPXVWHåWRXþLQLOD"
7\VSDVHQDQČEXGČãGRNDćQČSROLþLã
SLVHþNXY PRĜLWUDY\QD]HPL
7RSXMGČãGRYČþQHMVODY\
MDNVOXQFH]DKYČ]GDPL³
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWRX%DUERUX
$åQiPNDOHQGiĜXNiåHåHMH proVLQFH QH]DSRPHĖPH åH MH þDV ]DMtW VL
SUREDUERUNX1D]DKUDGČQHERWĜHED]H
VWURPRĜDGt VL XĜt]QČPH SiU YČWYLþHN
] WĜHãQČþL PHUXĖN\EURVNYRQČVOLYRQČ
QHER ]ODWLFH OLGRYČ R]QDþRYDQp ]ODWêGpãĢ ([LVWXMH
PQRKR VWRSURFHQWQtFK UDG, MDN VH VWDUDW R EDUERUN\
'QHV VH YãDN IORULVWp VKRGXMt Y MHGQRP åH QHQt
QXWQp DE\ YČWYLþN\ E\O\ SĜHãOp PUD]HP âLNPR
VHĜt]QXWp YČWYLþN\ YORåPH GR YODåQp YRG\
a SRVWDYPHMHQDVOXQQpPtVWR-HVWOLFKFHPHNYHWHQt
XU\FKOLW PĤåHPH GiW Yi]X V YČWYLþNDPL QD WHSOp
PtVWR 7DP NGH MH Y E\WČ VXFKê Y]GXFK VH
GRSRUXþXMH EDUERUN\ URVLW DE\ QHGRãOR N ]DVFKQXWt
SXSHQĤ
5R]NYHWOp YČWYLþN\ QiP R 9iQRFtFK NG\
SURåtYiPH UDGRVW ] SĜtFKRGX -HåtãH .ULVWD SURKĜHMt
Y þDVH ]LPQtKR VOXQRYUDWX NRXVNHP MDUD QDãH
GRPRY\
3ĜL REFKĤ]NiFK %DUERUHN E\O\ GČWL
Y\]êYDQp N PRGOLWEiP 9 PRGOLWEČ VH
GČWL GR]QiYDO\ NH VYêP SURKĜHãNĤP
Y PRGOLWEČ SURVLO\ R RGSXãWČQt
9\XåLMPH þDV WRKRWR VYiWNX N WRPX åH VL V GČWPL
SURPOXYtPH R YČFHFK NWHUp VH MLP QHSRYHGO\
NWHUêPL QČNRPX XEOtåLO\ 1DYRGLW DWPRVIpUX SĜL
kWHUp VHQiPGtWČRWHYĜHDVGČOtQiPVYpÄKĜtFK\³SR
QiV GRVSČOêFK Y\åDGXMH ODVNDYp VUGFH D YHONp
SRUR]XPČQt %XćPH SĜLSUDYHQL NX SRPRFL
nHNiUHMPH QDRSDN SRUDćPH MDN O]H SRNDåHQp YČFL
QDSUDYLW $ NG\å QHEXGHPH PtW UHFHSW QD ERODYp
UiQ\ SĜL]QHMPH VH k tomu GČWHP 1HMVPH
YãHYČGRXFtDVWiOHSODWtåH þDVMHQHMOHSãtOpNDĜ
=,0$– ý$63ěÈ67(.$'5$ý(.
.G\å QDVWDO\ GORXKp ]LPQt YHþHU\ GR
YHVQLFNêFKFKDORXSHNSĜLãHOþDVSĜiVWHND GUDþHN
%\O WR þDV VRXVHGVNêFK QiYãWČY SĜL NWHUêFK VH
pro QČNWHUp UR]QiãHO\ SR YHVQLFL MHQ ÄGUE\³ MLQt
VH WČãLOL QD SRHWLNX NWHUp W\WR VSROHþQp ]LPQt
YHþHU\SĜLQiãHO\SĜLY\SUiYČQtSRYtGHNSRKiGHN
QČNG\ åHUWRYQêFK D ãNiGOLYêFK KiGDQHN QHER
WĜHEDSĜL]StYiQtStVQLþHN
1iã SUYQt þHVNRVORYHQVNê SUH]LGHQW 7 *
0DVDU\N N WRPX ĜHNO „…poĜiG VH Pi GtWČ QDþ
WČãLW 1HMYtF QD GUDQt SHĜt WHKG\ VH VHãOR
a VHVHGOR Då GYDFHW OLGt – WR E\OR SRYtGDþHN 0\
GČFND MVPH VH ãWtSDO\ D åGXFKDO\ DE\FKRP
QHXVQXO\ D QHSĜLãO\ R QČMDNRX WX VWUDãLGHOQRX
KLVWRUNX D SDN VH UR]GiYDO\ NROiþH QHER
placky.“ 117
1D WHQ þDV Y]SRPtQi L .DUHO 9iFODY 5DLV
Y EiVQL.RORYUDW 118
.DKDQPUNiSRVYČWQLFL
FKXGpþHVNpFKDW\–
]DYUþHO\XNDPtQHN
VWDUpNRORYUDW\
+OHMDNMHKQHGSRVYČWQLFL
YHVHORDþLOR
SRKiGHNVHFHOpKHMQR
v VtĖNXY\URMLOR
3tVQtQDVWD] FKDW\OHWt
QDWLVtFHY FKDWX–
DWRYãHFNR]HVWDUpKR
YČĜWHNRORYUDWX
1ČNGH VH V GUDQtPSHĜtDSĜiVWNDPL]DSRþDORSRþiWNHPDGYHQWXQČNGHMHãWČ GĜtYH=SUDYLGODWR
YãDN E\OR WHKG\ NG\å QD SRG]LP XVWDO\ SROQt SUiFH %RåHQD 1ČPFRYi N WRPX QDSVDOD Ä6YDWê
MartLQSĜLQHVOMLPGREUpURKOtN\DSRVYDWpP0DUWLQXGUåHO\VHGUDþN\³ 119 9 QČNWHUêFKYHVQLFtFK
E\OR]Y\NHPuNRQþLWSĜiVWN\ PDVRSXVWHPMLQGHVHSĜiVWHYQLFHVFKi]HO\N SUiFLDåGRMDUD
'UDþN\
'UiW SHĜt VH FKRGLOR ]SUDYLGOD SR VNXSLQiFK +RVSRG\QČ MHGQD SR
GUXKp]YDODVYp ]QiPp QD GUDþN\ NWHUp WUYDO\ YåG\ WDN GORXKR GRNXG
SHĜt ] KXV QHE\OR ÄRGĜHQR³ 7DNRYêP VRXVHGVNêP YêSRPRFHP VH YH
6OH]VNX ĜtNDOR ÄSREDED³ 1ČNG\ SĜLFKi]HO\ GUiW MHQRP åHQ\ QČNGH VH
SĜL]YDOLLPXåL7DPNGHSĜLGUDþNiFKE\O\SĜtWRPQpLSDQQ\QHFK\EČOL
LPOiGHQFLNWHĜtYãDNMDNQDSVDOYČWĜNRYVNêNURQLNiĜ-RVHI.UHVWDE\OL
þDVWR MHQ SUR ÄGRåHUX³ UR]XPČM SUR ]ORVW NG\å GR SHĜt IRXNDOL OH]OL
SRG VWRO\ D FK\WDOL GČYþDWD ]D QRK\ &KODSFL YãDN SURYiGČOL GtYNiP
L MLQp VFKYiOQRVWL 3HĜt QD GUDþNiFK VWĜiVDO\ VORY\ 6S\QN\ SUR V\QN\
SHUN\ SUR GFHUN\³ 120 9\VRNi KURPDGD EtOpKR SHĜt XSURVWĜHG VWROX
Y\åDGRYDOD SĜHSHþOLYp ]DFKi]HQt 6WDþt ]DY]SRPtQDW QD SRþtQiQt
EDELþN\ ]H VWHMQRMPHQQp NQLK\ %RåHQ\ 1ČPFRYp Ä«WX RGKiQČOa
EDELþND $GpONX D FKODSFH XVWDYLþQČ RG WDEXOH GiOH 2QR VH WRWLå
SĜLKRGLORMHGQRXåH-DQMVDPH]LGUDþNDPLGRWpKURPDG\XSDGOMDNê
/RXþQtNSURSĜLVYtFHQt
WR E\O UiPXV VQDGQR VL SRP\VOLW 2G Wp GRE\ ĜtNDOD EDELþND R WČFK
PDOêFK åH QHQt UDGQR Y]tW WR NH VWROX %D DQL SRĜiGQČ ]DGRYiGČW VL QHVPČO\ RNROR VWROX DQL
IRXNQRXWDQLGYHĜHSĜtOLãRWHYĜtWKQHGGRVWiYDOLOiQL.“
81
3HĜtE\ORY]iFQêPDUWLNOHP9åG\ĢSHĜLQ\DSROãWiĜHE\O\SUYQtPFRVHY\QiãHOR]HVWDYHQtNWHUp
SRåtUDO RKHĖ, D E\O\ WtP FR VL L FKXGi GtYND SĜLQiãHOD GR PDQåHOVNpKR VYD]NX 7DP NGH YH
VWDYHQtFKQHFKRYDOLKXV\VLSHĜtKRVSRG\QČPXVHODDOHVSRĖþDVRGþDVX]DNRXSLWSURGRSOQČQtSHĜLQ
DSROãWiĜĤ
2WLFNê NURQLNiĜ GHWDLOQČ SRSVDO MDN GUDþN\ SRVWXSRYDO\ SĜL SUiFL ÄäHQ\ OHYRX UXNRX SHĜt
QDEtUDO\SDOFHPDXND]RYiþNHPMHGQRWOLYiStUNDSĜLGUåRYDO\DSUDYRXUXNRX]HVWYROXRGtUDO\³ 121
3ĜLGUDQtEêYDORYHVHOR-DNY]SRPtQi-DQ%HLQKDXHU] -DNXEþRYLFSĜLGUDQtVHÄSUREUDOD³FHOi
YHVQLFH3R]GČGRQRFLVHY\SUiYČO\QHMUĤ]QČMãtSRKiGN\DVWUDãLGHOQpSĜtEČK\MLQG\VHY\SUiYČO\
]iåLWN\] YiON\QHER]GDOHNêFKFHVW.G\åE\ODSRUXFHNQLKDQHERQČMDNiNURQLNDSĜHGþtWDO\þDVWR
GČWLGRVSČOêPDE\MLPãODSUiFHOpSHRGUXN\Ä0iORNG\VHUR]HãOLGRNXGNQtåNDQHE\ODSĜHþWHQD
FHOiMVRXFHQHGRþNDYL]YČGČWLFRVe stalo s KUGLQRXSRYtGN\1DGUXKRX]LPXþtWDO\VHNURQLN\VH
stejnou zálibou znovu.“ 122
Po VWUDãLGHOQpP Y\SUiYČQt QHFKWČO MtW GRPĤ QLNGR ViP .DåGpKR VH PXVHOR GRSURYi]HW Då N MHKR
FKDOXSČGČWLãO\VHVWDUãtPL-DNDVLE\ORWRPXNWHUê]ĤVWDOMDNRSRVOHGQt"
1D]iYČUGUDþHNSĜLSUDYLODKRVSRG\QČSURYãHFKQ\PDOpSRKRãWČQt9 2VWUDYČDRNROtWDNRYpPX
SRVOHGQtPX VH]HQt ĜtNiYDOL ÄIHGHUEDO³ YH YHVQLFtFK Y RNROt 2SDY\ VH PX ĜtNDOR ÄKDMGDPiã³
1ČNWHUi KRVSRG\QČ GiYDOD PDOp SRKRãWČQt NDNDR QHER þDM V URKOtNHP 3RVOHGQt GHQ NG\ GUDQt
NRQþLOR GRPiFt SĜLSUDYLOD ÄKDMGDPiã³ – SRKRãWČQt ]D GUDQt 3RKRãWČQt EêYDOR UĤ]Qp WĜHED
NREOLK\ þDM NDNDR D QDPD]DQp KRXVN\ QČNG\ RSHþHQp MLWUQLFH DSRG 3ĜL ÄKDMGDPiãL³ VH
GRPOXYLORNGHVHEXGHGUiWSĜtãWČ 123
82
3ĜiVWN\
/DPDþND OQX - ODPND
3RWtUND
9RFKOHQDþHViQtOQX
0RWRYLGORQDSĜt]L
1iVWURMQDþHViQtOQX
3ĜiVWNiPVHYH6OH]VNXQHĜHNORMLQDNQHåOLÄSĜLGN\³. 6WHMQČVH
R]QDþRYDO\ L åHQ\ D GtYN\ NWHUp N SĜiVWNiP SĜLFKi]HO\ 'ĜtYH,
QHåOL SĜLGND ]DþDOD ] NRXGHOH RGYtMHW QLĢ PXVHOR VH NROHP OQX
XGČODWPQRKRSUiFH
/HQVHQD2SDYVNXSČVWRYDOMHãWČY GUXKpSRORYLQČVWROHWt
7RMLåYãDNWRYiUQtYêUREDQLWtDSOiWQD]DSRþDODSRVWXSQê]iQLN
GRPiFtKR SĜHGHQt /HQ VH QHMGĜtYH UXþQČ Y\WUKDO D Y\POiWLO
6YD]RYDOVHÄGRNR]HONXY³QHERWpåÄNDSOLþHN³ Z OQČQêFKVHPHQ
VH Y ÄROHMQLFtFK³ OLVRYDO ROHM NWHUê VH SĜLGiYDO GR EDUHY þL
NRORPD]tSĜtSDGQČVORXåLOMDNRRPDVWHN3RGOH]i]QDPĤ 124 VH]e
WĜt NLORJUDPĤ OQČQpKR VHPHQH Y\OLVRYDOR SĜLEOLåQČ ô OLWUX ROHMH
/HQVHURVLODQiVOHGQČVXãLOY EXGRYiFKQD]êYDQêFKÄSD]GHUQ\³
7\ VWiO\ ]SUDYLGOD Då ]D YHVQLFt ] GĤYRGX SRåiUX DE\ QHE\O\
RKURåHQ\RVWDWQtEXGRY\Y REFL9 XKOtĜRYVNpNURQLFHVHStãHåH
OHQ VH Y REFL GRVXãRYDO ÄSR FKOHEČ Y SHNDUVNp SHFL³ 1D
MHGQRGXFKêFK ]DĜt]HQtFK ÄODPNiFK³ VH VOiPD OiPDOD QD
ÄSRWtUNiFK³ NWHUp PČO\ SRGREX YHONp GĜHYČQp EĜLWY\, VH OHQ
]EDYRYDO ÄSD]GHĜt³ 1D ÄYRFKOL³ QHER WDNp ÄKDFKOL³ VH OHQ
SURþHViYDO Ä7R FR VH Y\þHVDOR E\OD NXGČO QHEROL KUXED SĜD]D,
a WR SURþHVDQp FR ]ĤVWDOR Y KUVWL E\OD WČQND SĜD]D 3ĜD]D VH
PRWDODQDPRWRYLGOR7RE\OMHGHQNROtNURYQRDGUXKêNRãLQXP
TDNp VH SĜD]D PRWDOD QD SĜDVOLFX D QD NXåHO 9ĜHWHQR PČOR
KOLQČQêSUVWêQHN³ 125 3ĜHVOLFHYH6OH]VNXQD]êYDQiÄSĜDVOLFD³VH
VNOiGDOD ] QRK\ D KODY\ NWHUp VH ĜtNDOR ÄNXåHO³ 1RKD VH
]DVRXYDOD GR WĜtQRåN\ 1D QRKX VH ]DVWUNiYDO NXåHO NWHUê EêYDO
]GREHQê Y\VRXVWUXKRYDQêPL SUVWêQN\ 9ĜHWHQR YH 6OH]VNX
ÄYĜHWČQR³ EêYDOD REOi W\þLQND GORXKi DVL FP ]DNRQþHQi
KURWHPÄ3UVWêQHN³QHEROL WDNpSĜHVOHQRNWHUpPVHYêãH]PLĖXMH
NURQLNiĜ 9RMWČFK 9DYUHþND VORXåLO MDNR ]iYDåt YĜHWHQD %êYDO
Y\UREHQê] SiOHQpKOtQ\] WYUGpKRGĜHYDQHERLSRUFHOiQX%êYDO
SURVWêLPDORYDQêQČNGHMHMREOpYDOLFtQHP
.G\åÄSĜLGN\³PČO\YãHFKQRSĜLSUDYHQpPRKO\]DþtWSĜtVWEXć
QD NRORYUiWNX, QHER SRX]H YĜHWHQHP 1HE\OR ]Y\NHP VL SĜtVW
GRPD R VDPRWČ 1D SĜLGN\ FKRGLOD GČYþDWD PDWLþN\ V GČWPL
L SDFKROFL6SROHþQČVHYãLFKQLVNOiGDOLQDVYČWOR
2SĜLGNiFKY 3RGYLKRYČSĜLQiãtVYČGHFWYt-DQ9\KOtGDO 126: Ä-DN
se SĜDGOR Y\SUDYXMH GČYXFKD ] 3RGYLKRYD WDNWR Ä9 ]LPČ MHVW
GREĜHYåG\FN\JRUMDNPČVtþHNVYtWt, UDGXMHPVHYãLFKQL-DNMVPH
E\OLPDOXþFtSURVLOLMVPHPDWLþNXÄPDWLþNRSĤMGHPQDSĜLGN\"³
7DWtþHN G\FN\ E\OL SURWL SĜLGNiP D QDSRPtQDOL PDWLþNX DE\
]ĤVWDOD GRPD ÄVHć GRPD QHVO\ãtã QHSĜLGiã EXGHã YåG\ SRNRM
PtYDĢ³
Ä$OH WDWtþNX³ SUDYLOD PDWLþND³GREĜH MH VH Wpå VFKi]tYDĢ
EOLåQtKR VYpKR QDYãWČYRYDĢ MDN 3iQ -Håtã þLQtYDO MHQRP ]ORVWL
a klebet – RGWČFKXWtNDĢ³
7DWtþHNQHĜHNOLXåQLFDP\V PDWLþNRXãOL'DOLMVPHSR]GUDYHQt
³3RFKYiOHQ EXć 3iQ -Håtã .ULVWXV³ D GRPiFt QiV SČNQČ XYtWDOL
a Ni]DOLQiPVHSRVDGLWL“
83
.RORYUDWWNDOFRYVNêVWDYDQDSUDYRWURMQRåNDVSĜHVOLFt
.G\å QDVWDOR SRVWQt REGREt ]iEDYD SĜL SĜiVWNiFK XWLFKOD %ČKeP SĜHGHQt VH PRGOtYDO UĤåHQHF
a ]StYDO\VHQiERåHQVNpStVQČ9HY]SRPtQNiFK-DQD9\KOtGDODþWHPHGiOHÄ6WDORVHPLDMLQêPåH
MVPH SĜL UĤåDQFL VSDOL 0DWLþND KRQHP Y]DO\ YRG\ GR KUQND D ÄþXFK þXFK³ NGH MVPH VHGČOL 0\
VNRþLOLDĜtNDOLGiO³
.G\åQD QČNWHURX] SĜDGOHQSĜLFKi]HODGĜtPRWD]StYDODVL
1ČQDPOXYDMGĜLPDGOR
ERHãþHPDPPDOR
MDNSRWDþHNQDPXOLP
to se s tebum pokulim
]DSHFGRNXWND
EXGXOHåHWMDNEXFKWD
=.RPiURYD
&QRVQXSLOQXGHQLFL
YãLFKQLUDGLPDMX
RVSDOX]DKDOLFL
z GLOQ\FKY\ELUDMX
2VSDOH]DKDOLFH
VRWYDNG\VXãþDVWQH
EOHGHVXMHMLFKOLFH
RþLQHVXMDVQp 127
9UĢVHPLOpYĜHWHQNR
WXþVHNRORYUDWNX
DĢQDPRFHãSĜHGHQNR
VSRUpKRSRWiþNX
3RFKYiOtWČKRVSRG\Ė
åHVLGREUDSĜDGND
åHQČPUKDVYêFKKRGLQ
RVSDOD]DKDOND
ýDVRGþDVXVHPXVHO\SĜiVWHYQLFHSURWiKQRXWRGGORXKpKRDMHGQRWYiUQpKRVH]HQtXNRORYUiWNĤ
. WRPXSRVORXåLO\VSROHþQpKU\QHERWDQFH7DQþtYDOVHÄPOêQ³ÄNRORPDMND³WDQHFÄåDEVNê³SĜL
NWHUpPVH]StYDODStVHĖ
-DVHPåDED
1DNRE\OHYRåXG\OH
W\VLåDEDåDEDNREHUDWD
QDYDODFKXVQRS\
KRSKRS
KRSKRS
1DMHGOLVHVXFK\FKRWUXE
REOHNOLGR]ODWD
KRSKRS
.HUDGLYNDĜLĢXm kruti
WRPDUDGDFKORS\
KRSKRS
=8KOtĜRYD 128
84
3ĜLSĜiVWNRYpPWDQFLQHEROLKXOiQX]StYDO\GtYN\
7XþVHPLOHYĜHüČQRWXþVHNRORYUiWNX
HåQDSĜDGĨČQRVSRUpKRSRWDþNX 129
3UR SRVtOHQt SUR FKXĢ DOH L SUR ]DKQiQt åt]QČ SUiFH V SĜt]t Y\VXãRYDOD SĜLQiãHO\ KRVSRG\QČ
ÄSRVOLQHN³– VXãHQpMDEONDãYHVWN\KUXãN\DGDOãtSORG\
1DNRQFLSĜiVWHNVHVFKi]tYDO\GtYN\NHVSROHþQpKRVWLQČÄPUYLRFKX³3RGiYDO\VHSODFN\ãSHN
VODQLQD %\OR FR RVODYRYDW þDV SĜiVWHN MH X NRQFH KUXEi ÄSĜD]D³ EXGH QD S\WOH D FKODSĤP QD
NDOKRW\WDWHQNiQDNRãLOH
2MFRåSĜLWČFKSĜiVWNiFKQDãLFK
EêYDOLMVPHYČãHOL
YãXGHåLYRMDVQRþLOR
jako v jetHOL
StVQČSURXGHPSĜLOpWDO\
z NRORYUiWNXQD~VWD
åHPLMHQRPY XSRPtQFH
SHUXĢQDUĤVWi
3tVQtY VtĖNXQDSDGDOR
jako z MDUDGRPOi]t
EDELþNDMHQQDĜtNDOD
Ä$FKGHFKGRFKi]t³
3ĜLWLVNOMVHPGXãLGUDKp
UHW\åKRXFtQD~VWD«
ãNRGDåHMLåQDKUREČMt
WUiYDY\UĤVWi
/HWtPOHWtPSĜHVW\KRU\
tam k QiPGRPĤGRGiON\
z NRXWNĤ]QiPêFKNêYDMtPL
ãRWFLUXVDON\–
DEDELþNDRGKD]XMH
KRQHPVWDUêNRORYUDW
Ä3RMćVHPW\PĤMNORXþNXYČUný,
W\QiVSĜHFPiãUiG³
3ĜiVWN\. 9 5DLV
85
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLSUR]LPQtþDV\GUDþHNDSĜiVWHN
ýDV GORXKêFK ]LPQtFK YHþHUĤ
PĤåHPH Y\XåtW L P\ GQHV k tomu,
DE\FKRP VL V GČWPL Y\SUiYČOL
SĜtEČK\ D]iåLWN\]HVYpKRGČWVWYt
'ČWL PLOXMt GREURGUXåQp SRYtGN\,
]iURYHĖ VDP\UiG\VYpSURåLWN\VGČOXMt
6SROHþQê þDV PĤåHPH Y\XåtW L N Y\SUiYČQt
SRYČVWt D SRKiGHN 0QRKR REHFQtFK NURQLN
] QDãHKR UHJLRQX ]D]QDPHQiYi SRYČVWL ] PtVW
NWHUpPRKRXEêWGČWHP ]QiPp.G\åVLSRYČVW
GČWLPRKRXVSRMLWV NRQNUpWQtPPtVWHPVNiORX
VWXGiQNRXSDPiWQêPVWURPHPDWGRWRYtFH
]DXMPe .G\å QiP PtVWQt SRYČVWL ÄGRMGRX³
QHERMPH VH Y\WYRĜLW VL VYp YODVWQt SĜtSDGQČ
SĜHSUDFXMPHW\VWiYDMtFt1tåHXYiGtPHQČNWHUp
DNWLYLW\NWHUpXSODWQtPH YHYČWãtFKNROHNWLYHFK
/DPDþNDOQX5RåQRYSRG5DGKRãĢHP
GČWt LY URGLQiFK
9\P\VOHme V GČWPLMDNY]QLNO\Qi]Y\REFtQi]Y\NRSFĤSRWRNĤNDSOLþHNDSRG
9\P\VOHme SRYČVW N Yê]QDPQpPX PtVWX Y oEFL QHER MHKR RNROt 1DSĜ ÄR OtSiFK X NDSOLþN\³
ÄR EOXGQpPEDOYDQX³«
3ĜHþWČme VLþiVW] UHJLRQiOQtFKSRYČVWtGRPêãOHMme MHMt]DNRQþHQt
3ĜHþWČme GČWHPSRYČVW9\P\VOHme k QtQHMSĜtKRGQČMãtQi]HY
'LVNXWXMme V GČWPL R PtVWQtFK SRYČVWHFK &R MH MHMLFK ]iNODGHP" .WHUp SRVWDY\ Y SRYČVWL
Y\VWXSXMt"5R]WĜLćme MHQDKODYQtDYHGOHMãtSRVWDY\
3ĜHSUDFXMme SRYČVWGRSRGRE\NRPLNVX] SUDFtGČWt XGČOHMme YêVWDYXYHWĜtGČQHERQDFKRGEiFK
ãNRO\SĜtSDGQČVLMLPLR]GREPHWĜHEDMHQRPOHGQLþNXY NXFK\QL
1H]DSRPHĖPH QDãH Y\SUiYČQt SURORåLW StVQČPL 6RXUR]HQFL 8OU\FKRYL Y StVQL .G\VL SĜHG OpW\
]StYDMtY UHIUpQX VORYDÄ-tWNUDMLQRXDXþLWVH]DVVO\ãHWVORYDWČFKVWDUêFKStVQtNWHUpþORYČN]QDO“
7D QiP PRKRX EêW PRWHP SUR ]LPQt YHþHU\ 1H]DSRPHĖPH NH YãHP YêãH SRSVDQêP DNWLYLWiP
QDYRGLWSČNQRXDSRKRGRYRXDWPRVIpUXWĜHEDSRPRFt VYtþN\YRQQp W\þLQN\QHERRKQČY NDPQHFK
9 NQL]H (GXDUGD 3HWLãN\
GRSURYi]HQp LOXVWUDFHPL
=GHĖND0LOHUD-DN.UWHNNH
NDOKRWNiP
SĜLãHO,
VL
SĜLSRPHĖPH
MHGQRWOLYp
NURN\ NWHUêPL .UWHN SURãHO RG VYpKR
OQX NH NDOKRWNiP V NDSVDPL
9H]PČPHYHONêEDOLFtSDStUDY\SLãPH
YãHFKQ\
~þDVWQtN\
ÄYêUREQtKR
SURFHVX³ SOiWQD QD NDOKRW\ D MHMLFK
NRQNUpWQt SUiFL 9DULDQWRX WRKRWR
~NROX PĤåH EêW WYRUED LOXVWUDFt
QDPtVWR SVDQpKR VORYD . 3HWLãNRYêP
DNWpUĤP SĜLĜDćPH þLQQRVWL D QiVWURMH
NWHUp VH SĜL ]SUDFRYiQt OQX SRXåtYDO\
SĜHG VWR OHW\ MDN MVRX SRSViQ\
Y NDSLWROH3ĜiVWN\
86
3526,1(&– 69$7é0,.8/Èâ
6YDWê0LNXOiã
0LNXOiã QČNG\ QD]êYDQê MDNR 0LNXOiã ] 0\U\ E\O ]SUYX
MHGQtP ] QHMXFWtYDQČMãtFK VYČWFĤ QD %DONiQČ D FHOpP ~]HPt
YêFKRGRĜtPVNpĜtãH'tN\QRUPDQVNêPQiPRĜQtNĤPVHEČKHP
D VWROHWt ãtĜLO MHKR NXOW L Y ]iSDGRHYURSVNêFK ]HPtFK
%U]\ MHM XFWtYDOL YH )UDQFLL L 1ČPHFNX 8 QiV VH MHKR NXOW
UR]ãLĜRYDOYHVWROHWt=D]DMtPDYRVWVWRMtåHGtN\FtVDĜRYQČ
7KHRIDQČ ĜHFNp PDQåHOFH FtVDĜH 2W\OOD VH XVWiOLO ]Y\N
QDYãWČYRYiQtDREGDURYiYiQtGČWtY VtolY 3RUêQt
6Y0LNXOiãVHQDURGLOY O\NLMVNpPPČVWČ3DWDĜHYGQHãQtP
7XUHFNXNROHPURNX=HPĜHOSURVLQFHURNXQČNG\
VH XGiYi URN 3RFKRYiQ E\O Y 0\ĜH -HKR URGLþH E\OL
YHOPL ]ERåQt NĜHVĢDQp 3R MHMLFK VPUWL PČO 0LNXOiã UR]GDW
]GČGČQê PDMHWHN FKXGêP D RGHEUDW VH QD FHVWX GR 3DOHVWLQ\
âWČGURVW0LNXOiãHY\FKi]t] OHJHQG\NWHUiY\SUiYtRFKXGpP
ãOHFKWLFL ] 3DWDĜH NWHUê VH ]DGOXåLO QDWROLN åH PXVHO SURGDW
VYp WĜL GFHU\ GR QHYČVWLQFH -DNPLOH VH WR GR]YČGČO 0LNXOiã
SR WĜL GQ\ YKD]RYDO GR RNQD ãOHFKWLFH SHQt]H DE\ WDN RWHF
PRKO VSODWLW GOXK\ D ]tVNDW VYp GFHU\ ]SČW 7UDGXMH VH åH QD
VYêFK FHVWiFK QDYãWtYLO 0LNXOiã PDORDVLMVNp PČVWR 0\UX
GQHãQt 'HPUH Y 7XUHFNX 9 Wp GREČ ]HPĜHO Y 0\ĜH ELVNXS
NWHUê PČO EêW QDKUD]HQ SRGOH XVWDQRYHQt PtVWQtFK RE\YDWHO
WtP NGR ]D þDVQpKR MLWUD YVWRXSt MDNR SUYQt GR NRVWHOD 2QtP PXåHP E\O VY 0LNXOiã NWHUê
SURFKi]HOPČVWHþNHP, SĜHVVYĤMSUYRWQtQH]iMHP0LNXOiãQDNRQHF~ĜDGSĜLMDODVWDOVHURNX
ELVNXSHP 0LNXOiã EČKHP VYpKR ~ĜDGRYiQt SURMHYRYDO VRXFLW N QHPRFQêP D FKXGêP ]DNOiGDO
VLURWþLQFHDãNRO\
9H VWROHWt ]D YOiG\ FtVDĜH 'LRNOHFLiQD E\OL NĜHVĢDQp Y FHOp ĜtPVNp ĜtãL SURQiVOHGRYiQL
3URQiVOHGRYiQtVHQHY\KQXODQLVYDWê0LNXOiãNWHUêE\OQDQČNROLNOHWXYČ]QČQ5RNXSRYROLO
FtVDĜ .RQVWDQWLQ PLOiQVNêP HGLNWHP NĜHVĢDQVWYt 0LNXOiã E\O SURSXãWČQ D YUiWLO VH GR ~ĜDGX
ELVNXSD =D VYpKR åLYRWD VH ]~þDVWQLO 1LFHMVNpKR NRQFLOX Y\NRQDO FHVWX GR ětPD D YUiWLO VH GR
0\U\
=DMtPDYRVWt MH åH NRQFHP VWROHWt E\O\ MHKR RVWDWN\
SĜHQHVHQ\ GR MLKRLWDOVNpKR PČVWHþND %DUL Y $SXOLL NGH VH
~GDMQČ PČO ]DVWDYLW SĜL VYpP SXWRYiQt GR ětPD 9 $SXOOL
GQHVVODYtVYiWHN0LNXOiãHNYČWQDYGHQNG\MHKRRVWDWN\
E\O\SĜHQHVHQ\
äLYRW VYDWpKR 0LNXOiãH MH REHVWĜHQ PQRKD OHJHQGDPL
.URPČ YêãH XYHGHQêFK VH PLPR MLQp SUDYt åH 0LNXOiã
NUDGO VYpPX RWFL SHQt]H NWHUp SRNOiGDO QD SUiK QHER ]D
okna pRWĜHEQêFK 2GWXG WDNp SRFKi]t ]Y\N GiYDW GiUN\ ]D
RNQR 3RGOH MLQp OHJHQG\ VH Y\SUiYt åH VYDWê 0LNXOiã
]DFKUiQLO QD UR]ERXĜHQpP PRĜL SRWiSČMtFt VH ORć
V QiPRĜQtN\2GWXGY]QLNONXOWW]YÄPRNUpKR0LNXOiãH³
6YDWê 0LNXOiã MH SDWURQHP QiPRĜQtNĤ D U\EiĜĤ YRG
a PRVWĤ SRXWQtNĤ FHVWXMtFtFK REFKRGQtNĤ SUiYQtNĤ
VRXGFĤ SHNDĜĤa na neSRVOHGQtPPtVWČL GČWt
-HKR DWULEXW\ MVRX WĜL ]ODWp NRXOH QD NQL]H ]ODWi MDEOND
PLWUDDEHUOD WĜLPLQFH]ODWpSUXW\S\WOtN\FKOHE\NDPHQ\
6WURSQtPDOED VY0LNXOiãH5XPXQVNR
MLQG\]DQtPVWRMtVXGVHWĜHPLPODGtN\NRWYDDORć
87
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR0LNXOiãH
9 SĜHGYHþHU VYiWNX 0LNXOiãH SURVLQFH SURFKi]HO\
YHVQLFHPL 6OH]VND QDVWURMHQp VNXSLQN\ NWHUp VH QČNG\
SRGREDO\ GQHãQtP PLNXOiãVNêP SUĤYRGĤP D MLQG\
E\FKRP Y QLFK 0LNXOiãH XUþLWČ QHKiGDOL 3RMćPH VL YãDN
o QLFKSRSRYtGDWSČNQČRG]DþiWNX
1HMþDVWČML E\O 0LNXOiã XVWURMHQ Y GORXKêFK EtOêFK
ãDWHFK QD QLFK PČO EtORX SiQVNRX NRãLOL D EtORX
QHãNUREHQRX åHQVNRX VXNQL OHNQLFL SĜHV UDPHQR MDNR
ãHUSXPČOXYi]DQRXPRGURXQHERþHUYHQRXVWXKX1ČNG\
PČO MHQ ] SDStUX Y\WYRĜHQê RUQiW V NĜtåHP QHFK\EČOD
ELVNXSVNi EHUOD D SDStURYi ELVNXSVNi þHSLFH 9RXV\
a YODV\VHY\URELO\]HOQXQČNGHEêYDOR]Y\NHP]DPRXþLW
0LNXOiãLREOLþHM.G\å0LNXOiãFKRGtYDOViPPČOY UXFH
SUXW ] EĜt]\ NWHUêP ÄãDVWDO³ QD RNQR QDYãWtYHQpKR
VWDYHQt SRWRP VYĤM SĜtFKRG R]QiPLO MHãWČ FLQNiQtP
]YRQNX 9 ãiWNX SĜLQiãHO KRGQêP GČWHP RĜHFK\ MDEOND
a FXNURYt 0LNXOiã YãDN SRYČWãLQRX PČO SRþHWQČMãt
VNXSLQX YH NWHUp QHFK\EČOL VWHMQČ MDNR GQHVND DQGČOp
a þHUWLýHUW]OêQHERMDNVHYH6ODWLQČĜtNDORÄNURPSXV³
E\O REOHþHQê GR NRåLFKX REUiFHQpKR QDUXE\ NWHUê E\O
GORXKê Då N ]HPLRSiVDQêE\OĜHWČ]HPGORXKêMD]\NE\O 0LNXOiãVNiQDGtONDY =âäLPURYLFH
Y\UREHQê ] þHUYHQpKR VXNQD -DQ 9\KOtGDO ]PLĖXMH MHãWČ
GDOãtSRVWDYXY PLNXOiãVNpPSUĤYRGXDWRVOXKX-DNWDWR
E\WRVWE\ODREOHþHQiXåDOHQHSRSLVXMH
9H6ODYNRYČGRSURYi]HO\0LNXOiãHGYČåHQVNpSRVWDY\
]YDQp PLNXOiãN\ 7\ PČO\ QD VREČ EtOp ãDW\ D QD KODYČ
NDUNXOH VWHMQp EDUY\ -HMLFK SRSLV QiUDPQČ SĜLSRPtQi
EDUERUN\ 1ČNG\ VL W\WR åHQVNp SRVWDY\ Y\þHViYDO\ GR
REOLþHMHYODV\DE\MHQLNGRQHRGKDOLO
1ČNGHEêYDOR]Y\NHPåH0LNXOiãMH]GLOQDNRQL6DPR
VHERX VH QHMHGQDOR R åLYpKR NRQČ DOH R NRQČ XPČOH
Y\WYRĜHQpKR3RSLV0LNXOiãRYDNRQČ]D]QDPHQDOD+HOHQD
6DOLFKRYi :
.G\åQDVWDOSĜHGYHþHUVYDWpKR0LNROiãHP\VHVWĜHQLFH
MVPH VH VHEUDO\ D ãO\ N ,OtNĤP D WDP MVPH VH ]D W\ VYDWp
VWURMLO\,OtNĤYV\QGČODOVYDWpKRELVNXSD3RQČYDGåWRE\OD 0LNXOiãY 2SDYČURN
KODYQtSRVWDYDY\åDGRYDORVWURMHQt]YOiãWQtSpþH %LVNXSRYLVHXYi]DODĜLþLFHMHGQDÄSĜHGĜLĢXP³
GUXKi Ä]D ĜLĢXP³ D QD WX SĜHGQt VH SĜLSHYQLOD GĜHYČQi SČNQČ Y\ĜH]iYDQi D RPDORYDQi NRĖVNi
KODYD 6iP 3iQEĤK Yt NWHUê SĜHGHN NRYiĜĤY VH Y\]QDO Y ĜH]EiĜVWYt 3R QČNROLN SRNROHQt VH
VFKRYiYDOD KODYD QD KĤĜH D Y\WDKRYDOD VH ] ~NU\WX MHQ
v SĜHGYHþHU PLNROiãVNê = KUVWHN OQX MVPH NRQL SĜLGČODO\
KĜtYX D þHUYHQp SHQWOH PX ãO\ RG KXE\ MDNR RSUDWČ NWHUp
GUåHOELVNXSY rukou.
2EGREQRX NRQVWUXNFL 0LNXOiãRYD NRQČ SRSLVXMH L -DQ
9\KOtGDO Y 1DãHP 6OH]VNX , RQ ]D ]iNODG ]PLĖXMH GYČ
ĜHãHWDSRVWDUXĜLþLFH1HMSUDYGČSRGREQČMLVHMHGQDORRVtWD
NUXKRYpKR WYDUX 6ORYR ĜHãHWR ]QiPp ] SĜtVORYt ÄGČUDYê
MDNR ĜHãHWR³ ĜLþLFL SDN PĤåHPH QDOH]QRXW Y OLGRYp StVQL
Ä1HYČĜKRONDFKODSFLQHYČĜQDĜLþLFLYRGXQHPČĜ³
1iNUHVĜHãHWDQHEROLĜLþLFH
88
3ĜL PLNXOiãVNp REFKĤ]FH GR VYČWQLFH QHMþDVWČML YFKi]HO VDPRWQê 0LNXOiã SRNXG MHM GRSURYi]HO
DQGČO SRWRP L RQ ýHUW þDVWR ]ĤVWiYDO Y SĜHGVtQL NGH VWUDãLO FKUDVWtFtP ĜHWČ]HP 'R VYČWQLFH E\O
YSRXãWČQNG\åPČOY\VWUDãLWQHKRGQpGČWL7ČPSDNQDGČORYDOSRGREQČMDNRGQHVEUDPERU\QHER
ĜHSX 7UDGRYDORVHåHQČNWHUpGČWLE\O\ þHUWHPWDNY\VWUDãHQpåHQiVOHGQČVWUDFKHPRFKUQXO\ QD
QRK\QHER]DþDO\]DGUKiYDWY ĜHþL
0LNXOiã Y\]êYDONOHþtFtGČWLKOXERNêPKODVHP Ä5\NDMU\NDM³7\ SDN PXVHO\ QHMGĜtYH RGĜtNDW
2WþHQiã D RGSRYtGDO\ QD RWi]N\ ÄNROLN MH 3iQĤ %RKĤ D Y NHONR RVREiFK³ 1HFK\EČOD DQL RWi]ND
]GDOLGČWLE\O\SRVOXãQp3RREGDURYiQt]DQHFKiYDOVYDWêELVNXSKRVSRGiĜLEĜH]RYêSURXWHNNWHUê
]DStFKO]D]iUXEQČGYHĜt
5RGLþĤPVORXåLO0LNXOiãDMHKRGUXåLQDSRGORXKRXGREXSĜHGMHKRQiYãWČYRXDQiVOHGQČLSRQt
MDNRÄVWUDãiN³QD]ORELYpGČWL9ãDNWDNpSĜLY\SURYi]HQt0LNXOiãHURGLþHPXGČNRYDOLÄ'ČNXMHP\
YDPVY0LNXODãNXDSURãLP\YDVSĜLMHćWH]DURN]DV³ 131
9 QČNWHUêFK REFtFK 6OH]VND FKRGLO\ SURVLQFH ÄPDWLþN\³ %\O\ REOHþHQp Y EtOpP QD KODYČ
SDStURYp ELVNXSVNp þHSLFH YODV\ PČO\ VþHVDQp GR REOLþHMH 1ČNGH PtVWR YODVĤ VSRXãWČO\ OQČQi
YOiNQD 9 UXNRX PČO\ EĜH]RYp SUXW\ 9 -DQRYLFtFK GRSURYi]HO\ PDWLþN\ L PXåL V QDþHUQČQêPL
REOLþHML NWHĜt E\OL REOHþHQL GR GORXKêFK NDEiWĤ RWRþHQêFK NRåLFKHP YHQ .ROHP SDVĤ PČO\
RYi]DQpSRYĜtVODYHYêEDYČMLPQHFK\EČO\ĜHWČ]\9 REFL'REUiX)UêGNX– 0tVWNXFKRGLODMHGLQi
PDWLþND NWHUp VH ĜtNDOR 0LNRODMND 3RGOH WRKR VH L ĜtNDOR åH VH FKRGt SR 0LNRODMFH 0LNRODMND
] 'REUp SURWL RVWDWQtPPDWLþNiP QHQRVLODELVNXSVNRXþHSLFLKODYX PČOD SĜLNU\WRX SRX]H ãiWNHP
0DWLþN\REGDURYiYDO\GČWLREGREQČMDNR0LNXOiãMDEON\ãYHVWNDPLDGUREQêPLSDPOVN\
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDVYDWpKR0LNXOiãH
9 GREČ NRPXQLVPX E\OD PLNXOiãVNi GUXåLQD N YLGČQt MHQ YHOPL Y]iFQČ 9 XOLFtFK
SURVLQFHE\ORYLGČWWDNRYRXWRVNXSLQNXMHQPiORNG\'QHVSĜLFKi]t0LNXOiãV þHUW\
a DQGČO\EČåQČGRPDWHĜVNêFKL]iNODGQtFKãNROQHMUĤ]QČMãtFK~VWDYĤLQHPRFQLF
7HQWR þDV PĤåHPH V GČWPL Y\XåtW N WRPX åH VL V QLPL SRSRYtGiPH FR MH Y QDãLFK
åLYRWHFKGREUpFRQDRSDNãSDWQp'ČWLPĤåHPHUR]GČOLWGRVNXSLQSR– NDåGpVNXSLQČGiPH
SDStU NWHUê VL SĜHORåt QDSĤO 1D SUYQt SRORYLQČ VL GČWL QDGHStãL VORYR ÄDQGČORYR³ GR GUXKp
ÄþHUWRYR³1HFKWHGČWLVDPRVWDWQČ]SUDFRYDWGREUpDãSDWQpVNXWN\DFKRYiQt$DE\VHWDWRDNWLYLWD
89
GRWêNDODRSUDYGXVDPRWQêFKGČWtPĤåHWHY\PH]LWRNUXKWtPåHSRORåtWHSRGPtQNXDE\VHY\SVDQp
FKRYiQtY]WDKRYDORQDMHMLFKNROHNWLYWĜtG\VNXSLQu atG
3526,1(&– 69$7é$0%52ä
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWpKR$PEURåH
9HOPL PiOR SRSVDQRX SRVWDYRX NWHUi
RVDPRFHQČ FKRGtYDOD NROHP NRVWHOD
SURVLQFH MH VYDWê $PEURå -LĜLQD
/DQJKDPPHURYi L ýHQČN =tEUW WXWR
WDMHPQRX E\WRVW SRGOH GRFKRYDQêFK
SUDPHQĤ XPLVĢXMt GR ýHFK GR RNROt
5RXGQLFH QDG /DEHP äH VH $PEURå
SRK\ERYDO L YH 6OH]VNX VH ] GRVWXSQêFK
SUDPHQĤQHSRGDĜLORSRWYUGLW
2EOHþHQtWpWRPXåVNpSRVWDY\VHVNOiGDOR
] EtOp GORXKp NRãLOH QD KODYČ PČO þHUQRX
NXåHORYLWRXþHSLFLQDNWHUpPČOSĜLSHYQČQê
W\O VSXãWČQê SĜHV REOLþHM 3RGVWDWQêP
QiVWURMHP E\OR NRãWČ SROHSHQp EtOêPL
SDStUN\
$PEURå REFKi]HO Y SRGYHþHU NROHP
NRVWHOD REþDV QD ]HP XSXVWLO QČMDNê
ERQEyQ QD NWHUê OiNDO ] SRY]GiOL
SRNĜLNXMtFt GČWL .G\å VH QČMDNp GtWČ
RSRYiåLORFXNURYLQNX]YHGQRXW$PEURåVH
]D QtP VSXVWLO V PHWORX 9\ORåHQČ VH YãDN
QHMHGQDOR R ]ORX SRVWDYX 0ĤåHPH
XVX]RYDW åH SUR GČWL WR E\OD SĜtMHPQi
]iEDYD W\SX ÄNGR ] NRKR³ 9tWČ]LO WHQ
NRPX GpOH Y\GUåHO Y PUD]LYpP SRGYHþHUX
GHFK
-LQRX WDMHPQRX SRVWDYRX NWHUi FKRGLOD
5HNRQVWUXNFH SRVWDY\ VYDWpKR $PEURåH Y Základní škole Y SĜHGYiQRþQtP þDVH QČNG\ L R âWČGUpP
YHþHUX E\OD SHUFKWD =SUDYLGOD VH MHGQDOR
äLPURYLFH
R SRVWDYX REOHþHQRX GR NRåLFKX QD KODYČ PČOD SRVD]HQRX REOXGQRX KODYX Y\UREHQRX ] SDStURYp
NUDELFH1DKODYČQHFK\EČO\YHONpEtOp]XE\DGORXKêMD]\N+ODYDSHUFKW\VHSRGREDODGUDþtKODYČ
9êEDYDSHUFKW\YãDNE\ODMHãWČKUĤ]QČMãtQHåOLVDPRWQiPDVND1RVLODWRWLåXVHEHĜH]QLFNêQĤå
NRXGHODSXWêQNX7\WRWĜLYČFLPČO\YHOPLSUDNWLFNpY\XåLWt-LPLWRWLåSHUFKWDWUHVWDODSĜHGHYãtP
W\ GČWL NWHUp VH ĜiGQČ QHSRVWLO\ ]YOiãWČ R âWČGUpP GQX 1RåHP MLP UR]SiUDOD EĜLFKR NUHY
a YQLWĜQRVWL FK\WLOD GR SĜLSUDYHQp SXWêQN\ D QiVOHGQČ MLP GR ~WURE QDVWUþLOD NRXGHO $VL QHE\OR
PRåQpQHEiWVHSHUFKW\
7DMHPQêFKSRVWDYNWHUpVHY REGREtDGYHQWXSURFKi]HO\QHMHQYHVQLFHPL6OH]VNDE\ORDOHYtFH
O OXFNiFK NWHUp VH REMHYRYDO\ Y SĜHGYHþHU SURVLQFH MHãWČ EXGH ĜHþ Y VDPRVWDWQp NDSLWROH
âNRGD MHQ åH ] WpWRSĜHERKDWpãNiO\WDMXSOQêFK E\WRVWtVHQiPGR GQHãQtFK GQĤGRFKRYDO\ SRX]H
SRVWDY\] GUXåLQ\VYDWpKR0LNXOiãH
3526,1(&– 69$7È/8&,(
6YDWi/XFLH
6YDWi /XFLH VH QDURGLOD QD 6LFtOLL URNX YH
Yê]QDPQpPPČVWČ6\UDNXViFK, D]HPĜHODPXþHGQLFNRX
VPUWt SURVLQFH URNX äLOD Y GREČ NG\ E\OL
kĜHVĢDQp Y ětPVNp ĜtãL ]D YOiG\ FtVDĜH 'LRNOHFLiQD
NUXWČSURQiVOHGRYiQL
3RGOH OHJHQG\ E\OD VYČWLFH ]DVQRXEHQD V ERKDWêP
PXåHP DOH UR]KRGOD VHVOLEHP SDQHQVWYt ]DVYČWLW VYĤM
åLYRW%RKX3UDYtVHåHVHQDYUiWLODGRVYpKRURGQpKR
PČVWD D YãHFKQR VYp QDE\Wp MPČQt D SHQt]H UR]GDOD
PH]LFKXGpNĜHVĢDQ\=DORåLODFKXGRELQHFDQHPRFQLFL
$E\ SĜHGHãOD VYDWEČ VH VYêP VQRXEHQFHP NWHUê E\O
SRKDQ, rR]KRGOD VH mu SRVODW QD PLVFH VYp GYČ
Y\GORXEQXWpRþLVWtPåHML3DQQD0DULH REGDĜtRþLPD
MHãWČ NUiVQČMãtPL .G\å VH R WRP MHMt VQRXEHQHF
GRYČGČOXGDOMLYOiGFL3DãND]LRYLMDNRNĜHVĢDQNX 7HQ
KOHGDO]SĤVREMDNE\/XFLL RGNĜHVĢDQVWYtRGYUiWLO3ĜL
MHGQp ] RWi]HN ]GD Y Qt SĜHEêYi 'XFK VYDWê
RGSRYČGČOD Ä7L NWHĜt Y þLVWRWČ D SRERåQRVWL åLMt MVRX
FKUiPHP 'XFKD VYDWpKR³ 3URWR VH 3DãND]LXV UR]KRGO
SRVODW/XFLLGRQHYČVWLQFHDE\MLSĜLSUDYLORSDQHQVWYt
/HJHQGDSUDYtåHNG\åVLSUR/XFLLSĜLãOLSRVORYpDE\
ML QiVLOtP RGYOHNOL GR QHYČVWLQFH VWiOD MDNR SĜLNRYDQi
QDPtVWČWDNåHDQLKRUGD PXåĤDQLVSĜHåHQtYROĤ V Qt
QHSRKQXOR.G\å/XFLLQHXEOtåLODQLRKHĖNWHUê]DSiOLOLNROHPQtDQLROHMNWHUêPMLSROLOLUR]KRGO
VH VRXGFH SURERGQRXW PHþHP /XFþLQR KUGOR3RVNRQþHQtĜtPVNpKRSURQiVOHGRYiQtE\O QDG MHMtP
KUREHPY]W\þHQNRVWHONWHUêWDPSRPQRKDSĜHVWDYEiFKVWRMtGRVXG
1HMþDVWČML MH VYDWi /XFLH ]Qi]RUĖRYiQD V PHþHP GêNRX QHER PLVNRX V RþLPD 1D QČNWHUêFK
REUD]HFKMH]Qi]RUĖRYiQDV ODPSRXQHERSRFKRGQt-PpQR/XFLHSRFKi]t]ODWLQVNpKRVORYDOX[–“
VYČWOR´DYê]QDPHP]QDPHQi³]iĜtFt´-HXFWtYiQDMDNRRFKUiQN\QČQHYLGRPêFKDWDNpQHPRFQêFK
GČWt-DNRVYRXSDWURQNXMLXFWtYDMtWDNpWNDOFLãYDGOHQ\DVNOiĜL
2MHMtPVYiWNXVHFtUNHYPRGOt
/XFLHQHYČVWR.ULVWRYD
VYRXY\WUYDORVWtMVL]DFKUiQLODVYRXGXãL
GDODMVLSĜHGQRVWWRPXFRQHQt]HVYČWD
prolLWtPVYpNUYHMVLSĜHPRKODQHSĜtWHOH
DQ\Qt]iĜtãVOiYRXPH]LDQGČO\
9\VO\ã%RåHQDãHSURVE\
DQDSĜtPOXYXVYDWpSDQQ\DPXþHGQLFH/XFLH
MHMtåQDUR]HQtSURQHEHGQHVVODYtPH
GHMDĢVHWYiVOiYD]MHYtLQDQiV
6NU]H.ULVWDQDãHKR3iQD 132
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QDVYDWRX/XFLL
9 SĜHGYHþHU VYiWNX WpWR VYČWLFH REFKi]HOD VWDYHQt /XFLH /XFNa QČNGH Wpå QD]êYDQi /XFa
-HVWOLåH E\O 0LNXOiã SRYDåRYiQ ]D E\WRVW GREURWLYRX /XFNa E\OD YQtPiQa VStãH MDNR SRVWDYa
WDMHPQiDVWUDãLGHOQi'RGQHãQtFKGQĤVH]DFKRYDORUþHQtNWHUp/XFN\SURQiãHO\-GXMGXQRFL
XSLMX -GXMGX QRFL XSLMX -GX MGX QRFLXSLMX- DGQHQHSĜLGiP0XVtPHVLXYČGRPLWåHDå GR
91
]PČQNDOHQGiĜHNWHUpSURYHGOURNXSDSHåěHKRĜ;,,,Y\FKi]HOD]LPQtURYQRGHQQRVWRNROR
SURVLQFHSUiYČQDVYiWHNVYDWp/XFLH3RVXQXWtPURYQRGHQQRVWLRGHVHWGQĤSR]GČML SĜLãODVYDWi
/XFLHRVYRMLUROLVYČWORQRãN\NWHUiGRWHPQp]LP\YQiãtVYČWOR– ODWLQVN\OX[
2EFKĤ]N\/XFHNGRViKO\VYpKRQHMYČWãtKRYUFKROXY REGREtEDURNDEČKHPVWROHWtWHQWR]Y\N
SRVWXSQČ]DQLNDO.UDMRGNUDMHVHOLãLODSRGREDWRKRWRREĜDGX1ČNGHSĜLFKi]HODGRVWDYHQtSRX]H
MHGQD/XFNDRGČQiFHOiY EtOpPMLQGHREFKi]HO\YHVQLFL/XFN\YHYČWãtPSRþWX=SUDYLGODPČO\Qa
VREČ EtORX VXNQL D EtORX NRãLOL NROHP SDVX GORXKRX EtORX SHQWOL 1D KODYČ PtYDO\ YČQHþHN EtOê
]iYRMQČNG\ãSLþDWRXþHSLFLQHERWĜHEDSOHFKRYêNDVWUĤOHNSĜHVNWHUêE\O]DYi]DQêEtOêãiWHN1D
%XGČMRYLFNXVLQDYOKNêREOLþHM/XFN\QDQHVO\PRXNXSURWLWRPXQDYêFKRGQt0RUDYČPČOD/XFND
SRGLYQRXPDVNXV YHONêPL]XE\, NWHUpE\O\Y\NURMHQp] ĜHS\9 QČNWHUêFKUHJLRQHFKPČO\GtYN\QD
REOLþHMLQDVD]HQ\NRUQRXW] OiWN\QHERSDStUXNWHUêSĜLSRPtQDOYHONêSWaþt]REiN )UDQWLãHN%DUWRã
SRSLVXMH 133 REFKĤ]NX Y +UR]HQNRYČ NGH ]D /XFN\ FKRGLOL ÄWĜL FKODSL Y EtOR REOHþHQL 3UYQt QHVH
ãWČWNX GUXKê YRGX D YČFKHW WĜHWt PHWOX 9HMGRXFH GR VWDYHQt SUYQt REOLþXMH GUXKê ]D QtP XPêYi
KODY\ WĜHWt ML]EX ]DPHWi äiGQê ] QLFK QLF QHPOXYt GRVWDQRXFH GDU SRNêYQRX KODYRX QD
poGČNRYDQRX³ 7R V þtP /XFN\ SĜLFKi]HO\ GR VWDYHQt SRGOpKDOR NUDMRYêP ]Y\NORVWHP 1ČNG\
PtYDO\Y UXFHKXVtNĜtGORNWHUêPVPHWDO\SUDFKDSDYXþLQ\]HVWČQMLQG\WRE\ODPHWODY ýHFKiFK
PČO\ YHONêQĤåNWHUêPVWUDãtYDO\GČWLåHNG\åVHQHEXGRXRDGYHQWXSRVWLWUR]SiĜRXMLPEĜLFKR
3URWRåH WDWR REFKĤ]ND VSDGDOD GR REGREt SĜiVWHN D VYDWi /XFLH E\OD SDWURQNRX WNDOFĤ D SĜDGOHQ
PČO\ QČNGH /XFN\ Y NRãtNX YDĜHFK\ NWHUêPL WORXNO\ SR SUVWHFK ãSDWQp D OtQp SĜDGOHQ\ W\ GREUp
NWHUpPČO\NYDOLWQtSĜt]LSDNFKYiOLO\ 134 9ãDNVHWDNp]DFKRYDORUþHQtÄ/XFDSRWiþHNSOQpYĜHWHQR
QDSXFi³-LQG\YDĜHþNDPLWORXNO\/XFN\SĜLREFKĤ]FHRVHEHDStFKDO\MLPLGREĜLFKDQHKRGQpGČWL
1ČNGHSDNQRVLOD/XFNDY NRãtNXSD]GHĜtDYĜHWHQDDQĤåNDPLY UXFH VWUDãLODGČWL
9 QČNWHUêFKREODVWHFK VHQDVYiWHN/XFLHQHSĜHGORGRNRQFHVHNRORYUiWN\Y\QiãHO\WRKRYHþHUD
QDSĤGX0H]LSĜDGOHQDPLVHY\SUDYRYDORåHÄVYDWi/XFLH]DWDNRYp]QHXFWČQtVYpKRVYiWNXWtPSUê
VHY\PVWtåHQHSRVOXãQpSĜDGOHQČQDVKD]XMHNRPtQHPSOQRXML]EXSUi]GQêFKYĜHWHQDEČGDSUêMt
MHVWOLåHMLFKQH]DSĜHGH³ 135
2SRGREČREFKĤ]HNYH6OH]VNXVHWRKR]DFKRYDORYHOPLPiORYtPHYãDNMDNY\SDGDO\PDJLFNp
ULWXiO\NWHUpE\O\SURYiGČQ\WpQRFL6YDWi/XFLHSRGOHWUDGLFHE\ODRFKUiQN\QtSĜHGþDURGČMQLFHPL
NWHUpVHQHMþDVWČMLSUiYČQDMHMtVYiWHNVOpWiYDO\QDSRYČVWPLRSĜHGHQpKRĜH5DGKRãĢY %HVN\GHFK
1iURGRSLVHF-DQ9\KOtGDOSRSVDOMDNY REFL'REUiX)UêGNX– 0tVWNXRGVYDWp/XFLHDåGR%RåtKR
QDUR]HQt RGNOiGDOL YH VWDYHQt NDåGê GHQ MHGQR GĜtYNR NWHUêP VH SDN SURVLQFH – QD QDUR]HQt
3iQČ– ]DWRSLORY NDPQHFK7HQWRULWXiOPČO]DUXþLWåHVHþDURGČMQLFHY\KQXO\VWDWNX$WDWRSRYČUD
92
Pi L GDOãt SRNUDþRYiQt .G\å VH SR UDQQt PãL ] GĜtYHN XGČODO RKHĖ SDN WHQ NGR SUYQt SĜLãHO GR
GRPXSRWRPþORYČNXNWHUê]DWiSČOE\OSRYDåRYiQ]DþDURGČMQtND
1D GHQ VYDWp /XFLH Y 6HGOLãWtFK
Stãt WĜL NĜtåN\ VYČFHQp NĜtGRX QD
GYHĜH FKOpYRYp DE\ þDURGČMQLFH
QDGFKOpYHPQHPČO\PRFL 136
9 .RMHWtQČ FKRGtYDOD QD VYiWHN
/XFLH SRVWDYD MHãWČ VWUDãLGHOQČMãt
QHå YêãH SRSVDQp /XFN\ -HGQDOR
VHRWDMHPQpKRäEHUD
=D WêGHQ SR VY 0LNXOiãL WHG\
13. prosiQFH VH Y\SUDYXMH åH
FKRGtYDO äEHU %\OD WR YHOLNi
E\WRVW FHOi SRNU\Wi NRXGHOt äEHU
YR]tYDO QD YR]tNX WDåHQpP GYČPD
koni nebo oVO\ QČNROLN PČFKĤ
+RUD5DGKRãĢ– PtVWR~GDMQêFKVOHWĤþDURGČMQLF
NRXGHOH .GH PČOL QHGREUp GČWL
WDP]DVWDYLOYHãHOGRML]E\DQHSRGGDQFLSUêUR]ĜH]DOEĜLFKRYQLWĜQRVWLY\EUDODPtVWRQLFKYORåLO
NRXGHO =D WêGHQ VH YUiWLO D PUWYpKR QHSRGGDQFH RGYH]O GR VYpKR RE\GOt GDOHNR NGHVL ]D .RMHWtQ
Y\VWDYHQpKo.
3ĜHG äEHUHP PČO\ GČWL YHOLNê VWUDFK PDWN\ MLP KUR]tYDO\ %XGHWH WLFKR åH QD YiV ]DYROiP
äEHUD – DKQHGVWLFKO\MDNREHUiQFL 137
93
9È12&(
6WDORVHY RQČFKGQHFKåHY\ãORQDĜt]HQtRGFtVDĜH
$XJXVWD DE\ E\O SR FHOpP VYČWČ SURYHGHQ VRXSLV
OLGX 7HQWR SUYQt PDMHWNRYê VRXSLV VH NRQDO NG\å
6êULLVSUDYRYDO4XLULQLXV9ãLFKQLVHãOLGiW]DSVDW
NDåGê GR VYpKR PČVWD 7DNp -RVHI VH Y\GDO
z Galileje, z PČVWD 1D]DUHWD GR -XGVND GR PČVWD
'DYLGRYD NWHUp VH QD]êYi %HWOpP SRQČYDGå E\O
z GRPX D URGX 'DYLGRYD DE\ VH GDO ]DSVDW
s 0DULt NWHUi PX E\OD ]DVQRXEHQD D þHNDOD GtWČ
.G\åWDPE\OLQDSOQLO\VHGQ\DSĜLãODMHMtKRGLQD
, SRURGLOD VYpKR SUYRUR]HQpKR V\QD ]DYLQXOD MHM
GR SOHQHN D SRORåLOD GR MHVOt SURWRåH VH SUR QČ
QHQDãOR PtVWR SRG VWĜHFKRX $ Y Wp NUDMLQČ E\OL
SDVWêĜL SRG ãLUêP QHEHP D Y QRFL VH VWĜtGDOL
v KOtGNiFKXVYpKRVWiGD1iKOHSĜLQLFKVWiODQGČO
3iQČ D VOiYD 3iQČ VH UR]]iĜLOD NROHP QLFK
=PRFQLOD VH MLFK YHOLNi Ei]HĖ $QGČO MLP ĜHNO
Ä1HERMWHVHKOH]YČVWXMLYiPYHOLNRXUDGRVWNWHUi
buGH SUR YãHFKHQ OLG 'QHV VH YiP QDURGLO
6SDVLWHO.ULVWXV3iQY PČVWČ'DYLGRYČ7RWRYiP
EXGH ]QDPHQtP 1DOH]QHWH GČĢiWNR Y SOHQNiFK
SRORåHQp GR MHVOt³ $ KQHG WX E\OR V DQGČOHP PQRåVWYt QHEHVNêFK ]iVWXSĤ D WDNWR FKYiOLOL %RKD
Ä6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKXD QD]HPLSRNRMPH]LOLGPL%ĤKY QLFKPi]DOtEHQt³
-DNPLOHDQGČOpRGQLFKRGHãOLGRQHEHĜHNOLVLSDVWêĜLÄ3RMćPHDåGR%HWOpPDDSRGtYHMPHVHQD
WR FR VH WDP VWDOR MDN QiP 3iQ R]QiPLO³ 6SČFKDOL WDP D QDOH]OL 0DULL D -RVHID L WR GČĢiWNR
SRORåHQpGRMHVOt.G\åMHVSDWĜLOLSRYČGČOLFRMLPE\ORĜHþHQRRWRPGtWČWL9ãLFKQLNGRWRXVO\ãHOL
XåDVOLQDGWtPFRMLPSDVWêĜLY\SUiYČOL$OH0DULDWRYãHFKQRY myVOL]DFKRYiYDODDUR]YDåRYDOD
o WRP3DVWêĜLVHSDNQDYUiWLOLRVODYXMtFHDFKYiOtFH%RKD]DYãHFKQRFRVO\ãHOLDYLGČOLMDNMLPWR
E\ORĜHþHQR
/XNiãRYRHYDQJHOLXPNDSLWROD- YHUã
ýDV UDGRVWL OiVN\ YHVHORVWL D SRNRMH YHãHO GR VOH]VNêFK SĜtE\WNĤ 6YiWHþQt DWPRVIpUD E\OD
Y PLQXORVWLSRY]QiãHMtFt-HVWOLGQHVMHSURPQRKpSĜtSUDYDQDYiQRþQtVYiWN\VWUHVXMtFtQDãLSĜHGFL
VHSĜLSUDYRYDOLV UDGRVWtQDQHRSDNRYDWHOQpNRX]ORVYiWNĤ+RVSRG\QČMLåSRQČNROLNWêGQĤXNOt]HO\
VYČWQLFHPQRKGHVHQRYČPDORYDORSHNOVHFKOpESRQČPVHGRUR]SiOHQpWURXE\Vi]HO\VYiWHþQt
NROiþH0XåLVQiãHOLEHWOpP\]ÄKXU\³DE\MHþDVWRXåLþWUQiFWGQtSĜHG9iQRFHPLVSROHþQČV GČWPL
UR]NOiGDOLQDþHVWQpPPtVWČYHVYČWQLFL
9 WX GREX VH YH VWDYHQtFK SURWRSLOR YHONp PQRåVWYt GĜHYD D WDN PQRKR þDVX ]DEUDOR FK\VWiQt
a SĜLQiãHQtRWRSX.GRVLY OpWČQDGČODOPDOp]iVRE\Y ]LPČSDNWUSFHOLWRYDO
5iQRFR UiQRV OXFHUQLþNDPLE\O\YLGČWVNXSLQN\OLGtMDNVLMHãWČ]DWP\SURãODSiYDO\FHVWXQD
URUiW\ 6WiYDOR VH åH NG\å QDSDGDOR PQRKR VQČKX SRVWDY\ V OXFHUQLþNDPL VH PXVHO\ REUiWLW ]SČW
k GRPRYX DQLå E\ VH GR NRVWHOD SĜHV ]iYČMH GRVWDO\ 7HSUYH Då R QHGČOL VL FKODSL Y]DOL ORSDW\
a SURKi]HOLFHVWXNHNRVWHOĤP
.G\åQDYHþHU]ĤVWDORWURFKXþDVXãO\VHQDFYLþRYDWGRNRVWHODQČNG\GRãNRO\StVQČQD3ĤOQRþQt
1iFYLNYHGOþDVWRSDQXþLWHONG\åE\OY NRVWHOHUHJHQVFKRULSRWRPWRE\ODMHKRSRYLQQRVW
$ QHVPtPH ]DSRPtQDW QD POiGHå NWHUi Y Wp GREČ PČOD WDNp ÄSOQp UXFH SUiFH³ V SĜtSUDYRX QD
VYiWN\3DFKROFLVLSĜLSUDYRYDOLELþHQDWUDGLþQtSUiVNiQtDSRPQRKêFKYHVQLFtFKY RNROtVHR]êYDO\
UiQ\ ] NOtþĤ NWHUp E\O\ QDSČFKRYiQ\ VtURX VHãNUiEDQRX ]H ]iSDOHN 1ČFR QD ]SĤVRE GQHãQtFK
SHWDUG$OHSRMćPHVLRPQRKêFKWUDGLFtFKSRSRYtGDWSRSRĜiGNX
94
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\R9iQRFtFK– VWDYČQtEHWOpPĤ
-HãWČ GR VHGPGHViWêFK OHW VWROHWt QHPČO YiQRþQt VWURPHþHN
Y ýHFKiFK QD 0RUDYČ D YH
6OH]VNX YHONRX WUDGLFL 3RVWXSQČ
VH YãDN UR]ãLĜRYDO GR ERKDWãtFK
PČãĢDQVNêFKGRPĤWHSUYHSR]GČML
QDFKi]HO FHVWX GR YHQNRYVNêFK
VWDYHQt &R YãDN GR Wp GRE\ E\OR
QHRGP\VOLWHOQRX WUDGLFt YHVQLFNp
VYČWQLFH E\O\ MHVOLþN\ QHEROL
EHWOpPN\
7UDGLFH EHWOpPX VH YiåH
k XGiORVWL Y URFH NG\
VYDWê )UDQWLãHN ] $VVLVL Y\VWDYČO
Y MHVN\QL X YHVQLFH *UHFFLR
%HWOpPY NDSOLVYDWpKR.ĜtåH0DULDQXPY 2SDYČ9iQRFH
ELEOLFNê YêMHY – QDUR]HQt 3iQČ
9 QRFLSURVLQFH]GHSR]YDOYHVQLþDQ\]HãLURNpKRRNROtDE\MLPRVREQČþHWO~U\YN\] /XNiãRYD
HYDQJHOLD7UDGXMHVHåHWDWRXGiORVWE\OD]iNODGHPSURVWDYČQtEHWOpPĤDOHE\ODLSUYQt3ĤOQRþQt
Pãt
,YHVOH]VNêFKYHVQLFtFK]GRELO\VYČWQLFHEHWOpP\Y\UREHQp]HGĜHYDSDStUXQHERWĜHED SHUQtNĤ
1HMVRX WDN SURVOXOp MDNR EHWOpP\ ] Y\KOiãHQêFK EHWOpPiĜVNêFK REODVWt DOH L ]GH PČO\ Y REGREt
9iQRFYêVDGQtSRVWDYHQtYHYHVQLFNpVYČWQLFL3ĜLSUDYRYDO\VHLGYDWêGQ\SĜHGâWČGUêPYHþHUHP
a YH VYČWQLFL VWiYDO\ Då GR ~QRUD GR +URPQLF 1HåOL VH Y VWDYHQtFK ÄXKQt]GLO³ YiQRþQt
VWURPHþHNGiUHþN\VHþDVWRNODGO\SUiYČN EHWOpPĤP6YtþN\NWHUpPLKRWDO\Y MHVN\QLQHERWĜHED
FKOpYČ EHWOpPX GRGiYDO\ FHOp VFHQpULL %RåtKR QDUR]HQt QHRSDNRYDWHOQê SĤYDE 8UþLWČ L Y\ VL
GRNiåHWHY]SRPHQRXWQDþDVVYpKRGČWVWYtNG\MVWHVWiOLSĜHGQČMDNêPEHWOpPHPRYiQRþQtPþDVH
DĢXåWRE\ORYNRVWHOHQHERGRPD7\KOHSUDY]SRPtQN\MVRXWČPLQHMNUiVQČMãtPLQHMNRX]HOQČMãtPL
a QHMSRKiGNRYČMãtPL 'QHV WYRĜt EHWOpP\ L W\ 6OH]VND Y]iFQp VEtUNRYp SĜHGPČW\ UHJLRQiOQtFK
PX]Ht
3ĜHVWRåH]i]QDP. 9 5DLVHQHSRSLVXMHXGiORVW] QDãtREODVWLVWRMt]DWRQDKOpGQRXWGRVYČWQLFH
VWROHWt 138
1D SĤGČ YH WPDYpP NRXWČ VWiOD VWDUi PDORYDQi WUXKOD SR QHERåFH EDELþFH Y Wp VUovnány byly
MHVOLþN\ PČVWD RYHþN\ SDVWêĜL D DQGČOp =D WUXKORX XORåHQ\ E\O\ VFKĤGN\ QD NWHUp ILJXUN\ VH
VWDYČO\6 XFWLYRVWtYHOLNRXVQHVOLMVPHVFKUiQNXLVFKĤGN\V SĤG\GROĤ
0DPLQND]DWtPY NXFK\QLSĜLSUDYRYDODYiQRþN\NROiþHDMLQpSRNUP\N veþHĜL
3RþDOL MVPH ILJXUN\ Y\QGiYDWL 1HMSUYH PDOLQNp RYHþN\ E\O\ Y\ĜH]iQ\ ] SDStUX D QDOHSHQ\ QD
ãSDOtþNiFKDE\VWiO\&HOpVWiGRRYHþHNQČNWHUpVHSDVRXMLQpMLåQDSDVHQ\KRYtVLY PČNNp]HOHQp
WUiYČMLQpYHVHOHSRVNDNXMtPDOLþNiMHKĖiWNDWXOtVHNXVYêPPDWLþNiP$E\VHVWiGRQHUR]EtKDOR
MVRXWXGYDVWDWHþQtKDIDQLNWHĜtQHSRVOXãQpRYHþN\XþtSRĜiGNX
2YHþN\ MVPH Y\URYQDOL D RSUiãLOL 3RþDOL MVPH Y\EtUDWL SDVWêĜH Y PRGUêFK QHER þHUYHQêFK
NDPL]ROiFKDVWUDNDWČSUXKRYDQêFKVSRGNiFKSDVWêĜVNpURK\D]DKQXWpKROHYHOLFHVHQiPOtELO\
VWDUpKRVHGOiNDNWHUpQHVH-HåtãNRYLS\WHORELOtVWDWHþQRXKRVSRG\QLSĜLQiãHMtNDFKQLþN\DKXV\
QČNROLNFKODSFĤQHVRXFtFKNRãtN\SOQpQHMNUiVQČMãtKRRYRFH7DNpRSUiãHQSDStURYê%HWOpPPČVWR
'DYLGRYRDMHVOLþN\7\QDãHMHVOLþN\WRE\ODNUiVD-HVN\QČMDNRRSUDYGRYVNiGRVNiO\Y\WHViQD
VNiOD PHFKHP D PDOLþNêPL VWURPHþN\ SRURVWOi 9 MHVN\QL MHVOH YH NWHUêFK OHåHOR -H]XOiWNR YH VYp
]iĜLXMHVOt%RåtPDWLþNDD0DULHDSČVWRXQVYDWê-RVHI9 NRXWČVWiOþHUYHQêYĤODãHGLYêRVOtþHN
3ĜHGMHVN\QtNODQČOLVHSDVWêĜRYpNWHĜtMLåSĜLQiãHOLGDU\1DGMHVN\QtSĜLSHYQLOLMVPHDQGČODNWHUê
GUåHOY ruce prapor s QiSLVHP6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKX«6YDWpWĜLNUiOHWHSUYHRVYiWNXVYDWêFK
WĜtNUiOĤSRVWDYtPHSĜHGMHVOHDQDGMHVOHPtVWRDQGČODSĜLSHYQtPHKYČ]GXYODVDWLFL1DQHMQLåãtGYD
VWXStQN\VURYQDOLMVPHRYHþN\DSDVWêĜHVHVWUiåQêPLSV\%HWOpPE\OKRWRY
95
.URPČ EHWOpPĤ Y NRVWHOtFK D YH VWDYHQtFK QČNG\ FKRGLOL NROHGQtFL SR REFKĤ]NiFK V W]Y
VNĜtĖRYêPL EHWOpP\ 'ĜHYČQRX EHGêQNXRSDWĜHQRXGYtĜN\NWHUiREVDKRYDODYêMHYQDUR]HQt3iQČ
QRVLOLNROHGQtFL]DYČãHQou SRSUXKHPNROHPNUNX
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL– SRYtGiQtREHWOpPHFK
6QDG NDåGp GtWČ YLGČOR YH VYpP åLYRWČ EHWOpP – MHVOLþN\ 9 SĜHGYiQRþQtP þDVH VL
PĤåHPHV GČWPLY\SUiYČWFREHWOpP\]DFK\FXMtNWHUpYêMHY\VHY QLFKRSDNXMt%Råt
URGLQD– 0DULH-RVHIDQRYRUR]HQČ-HåtãHY MHVOLþNiFKYĤODRVOtNSDVWêĜLV RYHþNDPL
WĜL NUiORYpQHFK\EtDQGČODþtPVHQDRSDNOLãt1ČNG\NUDMLQDGRNWHUpMHELEOLFNêSĜtEČK]DVD]HQê
QiUDPQČ SĜLSRPtQi QDãL YHVQLFL ]D VWDUêFK þDVĤ MLQG\ MVPH YWDåHQL GR NUDMLQ\ GiOQpKR YêFKRGX
V SDOPDPLGRP\V NRSXOHPLDWG%RåtURGLQDEêYiQDQČNWHUêFKEHWOpPHFKXPtVWČQDYHVW\OL]RYDQp
MHVN\QLQDMLQêFKVHUDGXMH] QDUR]HQt6SDVLWHOHYHFKOpYČ0QRKpEHWOpP\QDYtF]DFK\FXMtLGDOãt
SRVWDY\ R NWHUêFK VH YãDN ELEOH QH]PLĖXMH /LGRYi WYRĜLYRVW SĜLNUiãOLOD FHOê YêMHY R KXGHEQtN\
ĜHPHVOQtN\VHON\WDQþtFtSiU\DOHLRUR]SXVWLOpGČWLDWG
2 WRP YãHP VL V GČWPL SURPOXYPH 1HFKPH MH Y\SUiYČW FR RQ\ VL QD EHWOpPHFK NWHUp YLGČO\
YãLPO\FRMH]DXMDOR9\VYČWOHWHMLPFR]QDPHQiODWLQVNêQi]HYNWHUêþDVWRYHVYêFKUXNRXGUåt
DQGČOQDGERåtURGLQRXÄ*ORULDLQH[FHOVLV'HR³6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKX
9H VYpP RNROt XUþLWČ QDOH]QHPH NRVWHO NGH Y SĜHGYiQRþQtP þDVH MLå EXGH Y\VWDYHQ EHWOpP
1DYãWLYPH MHM V GČWPL ]D]StYDW VL Y NRVWHOH WĜHED StVHĖ 1DURGLO VH .ULVWXV 3iQ, EXGH SUR GČWL
QHRSDNRYDWHOQê]iåLWHN
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL– RQHMNUiVQČMãt
EHWOpP
3ĜHG QČNROLND OHW\ MVPH YH ãNROH
Y\KOiVLOL VRXWČå R QHMNUiVQČMãt EHWOpP
6HãOD VH QiP FHOD ĜDGD PHQãtFK L YČWãtFK EHWOpPĤ
Y\UREHQêFK ] SHUQtNX SDStUX NHUDPLN\ L QHMUĤ]QČMãtFKSĜtURGQLQ
3R GRPOXYČ V SDQHP IDUiĜHP MVPH EHWOpP\
Y\VWDYLOL Y åLPURYLFNp NDSOL NWHUi E\OD SĜtVWXSQi SR
GRPOXYČ YHĜHMQRVWL EČKHP YiQRþQtFK VYiWNĤ %\OL
MVPH SRWČãHQL V MDNRX RGH]YRX VH QDãH VQDåHQt
VHWNDOR 1D EHWOpP\ VH EČKHP VYiWNĤ SĜLãOR SRGtYDW
PQRåVWYtOLGtSĜLãOLLÄSĜHVSROQt³
7RXWRPDORXDNWLYLWRXMVPH]SĜtMHPQLOLYiQRþQtþDV
PtVWQtPGDOLMVPHVP\VODQDSOQČQtNDSOLYHNWHUpVH
URN\ QHVORXåt PãH QČNROLND ]DSRMHQêP URGLQiP GR
VRXWČåH MVPH SRVN\WOL PRåQRVW VSRMLW VH SĜL VSROHþQp
DNWLYLWČYêUREČEHWOpPX
Z QDãLFK ]NXãHQRVWt QiP Y\SO\QXOD ĜDGD SRXþHQt
NWHUi PRKRX EêW SĜHQRVLWHOQi L SUR MLQp RUJDQL]DFH
a NROHNWLY\ $NFL SRGREQpKR FKDUDNWHUX MH WĜHED
Y\KOiVLW V QiOHåLWêP SĜHGVWLKHP &KFHPH-OL YêVWDYX
]YHĜHMQLW MLå Y DGYHQWQtP þDVH ]DþiWHN OLVWRSDGX SUR
Y\KOiãHQt VRXWČåH MH WDNĜND SR]GQtP WHUPtQHP
6RXWČåL L VDPRWQp YêVWDYČ MH WĜHED XGČODW GĤNODGQRX
UHNODPX 5R]KRGQČ MH GREUp RVORYLW URGLþH GČWt
PDWHĜVNpãNRO\LãNROiNĤ
3UR UHDOL]DFL VDPRWQp YêVWDY\ QHQt WĜHED PtW
]DMLãWČQpSURVWRU\VDNUiOQtVWDYE\DOHGĤVWRMQpPtVWR
SRGWUKQHNRQHþQêGRMHPY\VWDYHQêFKSĜHGPČWĤ
96
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWL– Y\VWRXSHQtV åLYêPEHWOpPHP
3UDVWDUê SĜtEČK R QDUR]HQt -HåtãND VH PĤåH VWiW DNWLYLWRX SURSRMXMtFt YãHFKQ\
JHQHUDFHQDãLFKYHVQLF9 NDSLWROH+U\SURMHGQRWOLYpURþQtREGREtQDOH]QHWHSĜtNODG\
äLYêFK EHWOpPĤ 'DOãt KU\ QDOH]QHWH KQHG QD QČNROLND ZHERYêFK VWUiQNiFK
KWWSZZZSDVWRUDFHF]7HPDWLFNH-WH[W\=LYH-EHWOHP\-a-MLQH-YDQRFQL-KU\KWPO QHERWĜHED
KWWSZZZH-FLUNHYF]FODQHN-9DQRFQL-GLYDGHOQL-KU\LQGH[KWP . VHFYLþHQt PĤåHWH SR]YDW
þOHQ\ UĤ]QêFK VSRONĤ D RUJDQL]DFt SDPDWXMWH QD PtVWR SĜHGYHGHQt KU\ L þDV 'R SĜtSUDY\ NXOLV L
NRVWêPĤ ]DSRMWHFRQHMYtFHOLGt$QDNRQHFWHSOê þDMSRGiYDQê Y ]LPQtPREGREtSRWČãtYãHFKQ\
SĜtWRPQp
9\VWRXSHQtGČWt=âäLPURYLFH
97
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\RâWČGUpPGQL - YLOLML
2G UiQD GR YHþHUD SĤVW . MtGOX MHQ ]DVPDåHQi SROpYND
s FKOHEHP 0DWN\ WČãLO\ GČWL åH YHþHU XYLGt ]ODWp SUDViWNR
za WRåHVHSRFHOêGHQSRVWLO\
9HþHU NG\å SUYQt KYČ]GD Y\ãOD QD REOR]H WiKOD VH VWDYHQtP
OLEi YĤQČ +RVSRG\QČ V UXPČQFHP QD OtFtFK VH WRþLOD NROHP
SORWQ\ 'RPiFt OLGp ]DWtP SDPDWRYDOL QD ]YtĜDWD 2GQiãHOL ]D
VWRGRO\RWêSN\VHQDSURSROQt]YČĜ1LNGRQDâWČGUêYHþHUQHVPt
WUSČW KODGHP .UiY\ GRVWDO\ SR NROiþL SHV þHVQHN DE\ QD OLGL
KRGQČ ãWČNDO $OH FK\WUê SHV ]DWiKO þHVQHN VWUDQRX D WUSČOLYČ
þHNDOQDERKDWRXYêVOXåNX- ]E\WN\RGãWČGUpYHþHĜH
3WiþNĤPOLGpV\SDOL]UQt
.RQHþQČQDVWDOþDVN ãWČGUpYHþHĜL1DSURVWĜHQêVWĤOVHNODGO\
WDOtĜH +RVSRG\QČ QD QČ QDOLOD SROpYNX ]H VXFKêFK KUXãHN 3R
PRGOLWEČ FHOi URGLQD L VH VORXåtFtPL ]DVHGOD X VWROX N ERKDWp
YHþHĜL 3ROpYND NUXSLFH SROHWi PiVOHP D SRV\SDQi SHUQtNHP
þHUQi RPiþND V KUR]LQNDPL D PDQGOHPL D N WRPX NQHGOtN SDN
VPDåHQêNDSUV EUDPERURYêPVDOiWHPYiQRþNDV PHGHPDþDMV ruPHPDQDNRQHFMDEONDFXNURYt
a RĜHFK\7RYãHY URGLQiFK]iPRåQČMãtFK9 URGLQiFKFKXGãtFKVHVSRNRMLOLV SROpYNRXDNUXSLFt
=iSLV] YČWĜNRYLFNpNURQLN\139
-LVWČ L Y PLQXORVWL E\O\ GČWL SR FHOê GHQ UR]HFKYČOp QHGRþNDYp SOQp RþHNiYiQt FR MLP -HåtãHN
QDGČOt1HWČãLO\VHRQLFPpQČQDGiUN\QHåOLVHWČãtQDãWČGURYHþHUQtQDGČORYiQtGQHãQtGČWLA na
FR VH WČãLO\ GČWL MHãWČ Y VWROHWt" 1D VXãHQp RYRFH MDEOND KUXãN\ D RĜHFK\ -HQ PiORNG\ VH
QDGČORYDOR REOHþHQt .URP WRKR Y\KOtåHO\ GČWL L NRQHF SĤVWX NWHUê MLP ÄQDRUGLQRYDOL³ URGLþH
A DE\ E\O\ YtFH PRWLYRYiQ\ E\OR MLP VOtEHQR åH ÄX]Ĝt YHþHU Ä]ODWp WHOD³ Ä]ODWp SURVRWNR³
VSRXãWČWLVHSRODQČXNRVWHODQHERÄSRNUDQFXVNRNDĢ³QHER]ORWpKRIWRND³ÄNURNHY]ODWX³³ 140
$ Xå MH WX NRQHþQČ âWČGUê YHþHU 1Hå URGLQD ]DVHGOD NH VODYQRVWQtPX VWROX VSROHþQČ VH
SRPRGOLODQD+OXþtQVNXVHGRNRQFHY NOHþHþW\ĜLNUiWPRGOLO2WþHQiãD=GUiYDVN SĜLSRPHQXWtWRKR
åHOLGpþHNDOLQDVYpKR6SDVLWHOHþW\ĜLWLVtFHOHW 9HVWDYHQtFKNGHSUDFRYDOLþHOHGtQLDVOXåN\PČO
]DVHGDFtSRĜiGHNXãWČGURYHþHUQtKRVWROXSĜtVQiSUDYLGOD9 þHOHVHGČOKRVSRGiĜSRWRPKRVSRGiĜND
GČGHþHNV EDELþNRXQiVOHGRYDO\GČWLDQDNRQFLVWROXVOXåN\DþHOHGtQL9 2WLFtFKVHGEDORQDWR
DE\ X VWROX YåG\ VHGČO VXGê SRþHW
RVRE /LFKê SRþHW SĜLQiãHO SRGOH
SRYČU\ Y SĜtãWtP URFH VPUW GR
VWDYHQt.G\åXVWROXMHGQDRVREDGR
VXGpKR SRþWX FK\EČOD SR]YDO VH
QČMDNê QiGHQtN QHER GDOãt þORYČN
] REFH 1ČNGH VH MHãWČ ] NDQFLRQiOX
]StYDO\ QiERåQp StVQČ 3RWRP Xå VH
DOH ]DVHGOR NH VWROX D EH]H VORYD VH
MHGOR &KUDĖ %ĤK NG\E\ QČNGR
SURPOXYLO
9 .UDYDĜtFK E\OR ]Y\NHP QD]êYDW
WRKR NGR VL ]H ãWČGURYHþHUQt YHþHĜH
Y]DO SUYQt VRXVWR -LGiãHP %\OR WR
QD SĜLSRPHQXWt ELEOLFNpKR QRYR]iNRQntKR SĜtEČKX NG\ VL -LGiã SĜL
SRVOHGQt YHþHĜL 3iQČ MDNR SUYQt Y]DO
VRXVWD]HVWROX
98
1HPĤåHPH VL SĜHGVWDYRYDW åH VH SR WUDGLþQt KUDFKRYp SROpYFH NWHUi EêYDOD Y MtGHOQtþNX YH
YČWãLQČ VOH]VNêFK URGLQ SRGiYDO VPDåHQê NDSU V EUDPERURYêP VDOiWHP 7HQWR ]Y\N VH XVtGOLO
Y QDãLFKNRQþLQiFKDå]DSUYQtUHSXEOLN\9 VWROHWtE\FKRPVStãHMHGOLNUXSLFLQČMDNpNROiþHD
RYRFH
Ä=E\WN\MtGHOãWČGURYHþHUQtFKYãHFNRSRVYČFXMtYãHPXSURVStYDMtY]UĤVWXD]GDUXGRGiYDMtSURWR
KRVSRGiĜDKRVSRG\QČ] QLFKGRPiFtP]YtĜDWĤPSRWURãHXãWČGĜXMt³ 141 7RE\E\ORDE\VHY tento
VYiWHþQtYHþHU]DSRPQČORQDGRPiFt]YtĜDWD6YpRGYHþHĜHGRVWDO SHVLNRþNDSVRYLVHSĜHVRNQR
GiYDO þHVQHN DE\ E\O GRVWDWHþQČ ]Oê 1HVPtPH ]DSRPtQDW åH SHV E\O SUR VWDYHQt SĜHGHYãtP
KOtGDþHP QH PD]OtþNHP 1DGČOLOR VH L GRE\WNX YH 6WČERĜLFtFK VH NUiY\ SRþDVWRYDO\ NRXVN\
MDEOtþHN D RĜHFKĤ 6OHSLFtP VH GiYDO KUiFK 9 -DNWDĜLYČĜLOLåHNROLNKUDFKXVOHSLFHVH]REH „telej
VQČVHYDMHF³+XViPVHSURWLWRPXV\SDO\ID]ROH
1H]DSRPtQDORVHDQLQDSDVWêĜHNWHUêVHSRFHOêURNQDSDVWYČRGRPiFt]YtĜDWD VWDUDO$NG\E\
VH QD SDViþND ]DSRPQČOR ViP E\ VH SĜLSRPHQXO 8 NDåGpKR VWDYHQt VH WRWLå ]DVWDYLO ]DKUiO QD
WURXEXD]DUHFLWRYDO
6HGOiFLVHGOiFLQDSHþWHNRODþL
DE\VWČPLPRKOLGDþL
=/XNDYFH 142
3RYHþHĜLVHNRQHþQČQDGČORYDORVNURPQČDOHSĜHFL7RPXYãDNMHãWČSĜHGFKi]HO]SČYNROHG
&KXGLþNHWRGLĢDWNR
QDåLþNHQČERåDWNR
v FKOHYČMDNRKRYDGNR
OHåLWRQHPOXYĖiWNR
HMSOHQHþN\VODPMDQH
HMãDWHþN\NXGČOQH
SROãWDĜLþN\NDPHQQH
GLĢDWHþNRFKXGREQH
=.\MRYLF 143
'ĜtYHQHåOLVHYHYHVQLFNêFKVWDYHQtFK]DE\GOLOYiQRþQtVWURPHþHNVHGiUN\NODGO\N Y\VWDYHQêP
EHWOpPĤP3DNMLåQiVOHGRYDO\ãWČGURYHþHUQt]Y\N\/RXVNDO\VHRĜHFK\NGRPČOMiGURSUiFKQLYp
PRKOVHREiYDWY SĜtãWtPURFHQHPRFLSUi]GQêRĜHFK]QDPHQDOVPUW]H]GUDYtVHPRKOLWČãLWWLNGR
VLUR]ORXVNOLRĜHFKV þHUVWYêPD]GUDYêPMiGUHP 9ČãWLORVHLGDOãtPL]SĤVRE\,GQHVMHQiP]QiPp
Ki]HQt SDQWRIOHP .GR FKWČO SR]QDW VYĤM RVXG SRVWDYLO VH ]iG\ NH GYHĜtP D SĜHV UDPHQR Ki]HO
SDSXþt .RPX ãSLFH SDSXþH XND]RYDOD NH GYHĜtP
WHQ PČO RGHMtW EČKHP URNX ] GRPX 9 .UDYDĜtFK
FKRGLO\ GtYN\ ÄSRĢPDNX³ YHþHU SR VHWPČQt GR
NĤOQ\ DE\ SĜLQHVO\ GR VYČWQLFH QiUXþ GĜHYD 3R
ãWČGUpYHþHĜLVSRþtWDO\SĜLQHVHQiSROtQND6XGêSRþHW
]QDPHQDO VYDWEX OLFKê SRþHW QDRSDN YČãWLO åH ]H
VYDWE\ QHEXGH QLF .UDYDĜVNi GČYþDWD PČOD MHãWČ
L MLQê ]SĤVRE MDN ]MLãĢRYDt MPpQR MHMLFK EXGRXFtKR
PDQåHOD9]DODVLãiWHNGRMHKRå URKĤXYi]DODOtVWN\
VH MPpQ\ PXåĤ âiWHN VH SĜHG VSDQtP YORåLO SRG
SROãWiĜ 5iQR NG\å GtYND YVWiYDOD QD ÄMLWĜQt³
Y\WiKODG\FKWLYČãiWHNDUR]Yi]DODVLMHGHQURKãiWNX
-DNpMPpQRE\ORQDSDStUNXWRKRPXåHVLPČODY]tW
0XVtPH GRXIDW åH GtYN\ QHSRGYiGČO\ &Rå WHSUYH
NG\E\QDSVDO\QDYãHFKQ\þW\ĜLSDStUN\MHGQRMPpQR
WpKRåPXåH
3RGREQpWRE\ORLV SRXãWČQtPRĜHFKRYêFKORGLþHN
VH VYtþNRX YH ãNRSNX V YRGRX .RPX VH ORGLþND
GUåHODXNUDMHWHQQHPČORSXVWLWY SĜtãWtPURFHGĤP
99
NGRVHY\GDOGRVWĜHGXSXWêQN\WRPXE\ODYČãWČQDFHVWDGRVYČWDQHERDOHVSRĖ] GRPX%ČåQČVH
L OLORRORYRþLYRVN3RGOHRGOLWpKRWYDUXVHXVX]RYDORMDNêRVXGMHMþHNi
ÄZDV\þHOR WR ] putny se vyvalLOD SiUD WHQ NGR VL OLO VYĤM RVXG ViKO GR SXWQ\ SUR RGOLWHN RORYD
YãHOLMDN SRNURXFHQê3RGOHWRKR FRDVLSĜHGVWDYRYDO ãDYOH - YRMiNDWSSRGiPXRVXGY SĜtãWtP
roce.“ 144
6HâWČGUêPYHþHUHPVHSRMtPQRKRSRYČU-DQ9\KOtGDOMLFKSĜHGVWROHWtPVHVEtUDOFHORXĜDGX 145
9H 6ODYNRYČ ]ERåQt KRVSRGiĜL ]URELOL ] UHåQêFK NOiVNĤ ÄãWČĢ³ QHER ÄNURSiþHN³ MLPå SDN GR
VYČFHQpYRG\QDPRþHQêPNURSLOL]GLVWDYHQtGRNRODLVWRGROXE\QHXKRGLOR6ODYNRY
-H-li mnoKRKYČ]G– NXU\SRQHVRX&KYDOtNRYLFH
-H-li QHEHKYČ]GQDWREXGH~URGQêURNDPQRKRPHGX
1DãWČGUêGHQPiVH]DStFKQRXĢQĤåGRFKOHEDDGREXFKW\Y þHP]UH]DYtY WRPEXGHGUDKRWD
-DNWDĜ
1DYLOLMXRSĤOQRFLGXãLþN\VEtUDMtSRYHþHĜLRWUXãLQN\-DNWDĜ
.RPXSĜLUR]NURMRYiQtMDEONDYHþHU]UQNRY\SDGQHQHEXGH]GUiY3RGYLKRY
.WHUp GtWČ QD ãWČGUê GHQ RVSDOp D þHNi PDWLþNX Då N\MHP MH XWLãt EXGH VH KQČYDWL D QHFKWtWL
YVWiYDWLSRFHOêURN3RGYLKRY
.WHUi åHQD QD YHþHU QD GUKWČ SODFKWD QD SRVHþHQRX WUiYX VHGt Wp P\VOLYHF QHSRVWLKQH NG\å
EXGHFKRGLWLGROHVD6NĜLSRY
'ČWLDGČYXFK\PDMtQČFRPOpNDDNUXSLFHSRåtWLDE\SRFHOêURN]ĤVWDO\EtOêPL%HQNRYLFH
3ĜHG%RåtPQDUR]HQtPUR]PORXYDMtYãHFKQD]YtĜDWD-HGHQVHGOiNFKWČOYČGČWFREXGRXSRYtGDWL
MHKRNRQČ3RVORXFKDOMHDRQLVLY\SUDYRYDOLåH]DWĜLGQ\XPĜH DWDNpVNRQDO-DNWDĜ
.RQČDNUiY\RSĤOQRFLVHVHERXVGČOXMtMDNpPDMtKRVSRGiĜHDMDNVHPDMt0LORVWRYLFH
1HVPtPH ]DSRPtQDW DQL QD KU\ GČWt D POiGHåH 3R YHþHĜL VH YH 6ODWLQČ KQDO\ ÄRYHþN\³ -HGHQ
] FKODSFĤ KQDO SĜHG VHERX VWiGR NOXNĤ NWHĜt EHþHOL D ]YRQLOL ]YRQFL -HMLFK VQDåHQt QHE\OR
VDPR~þHOQp=DVWDYLOLVHSĜHGVWDYHQtPNGHVLP\VOHOLåHE\PRKOLQČFRGRVWDW7DPMHMLFKEHþHQt
a FLQNiQt]YRQHþN\E\ORXUþLWČYtFHQHåQDOpKDYp
9HVQLFHPLVHYHþHUHPUR]OpKDORÄSXNiQt³ÄSUiVNiQt³DÄVWĜtOHQt³%\O\WRĜHPHQ\ELþĤNWHUêPL
NOXFLSURĜH]iYDOLOHGRYêVYiWHþQtYHþHU1ČNGHVHVWĜtOHOR] SXãHNQHER] NOtþĤ-LQGHE\OR]Y\NHP
VWĜtOHW ] KPRåGtĜĤ QD RVODYX QDUR]HQt -HåtãND-DQ %HLQKDXHU ] JakuEþRYLF YH VYêFK Y]SRPtQNiFK
]DFK\WLO DWPRVIpUXãWČGUpKRYHþHUD]DSUYQtUHSXEOLN\ YHVYpURGQpYHVQLFL: 146
9 KRGLQYHþHUMVPHVHREOpNOLDãOLQDSĤOQRþQtPãLVYDWRXGRNRVWHODYH6NĜLSRYČ&HVWRXMVPH
si s NDPDUiG\SRYtGDOLFRMVPHGRVWDOLQRYpKR – QČNGRERW\ãiOX NRãLOLDSRG&HVWRXVHVWĜtOHOR
z SXãHN – EURNRYQLF 6WĜtOHOR VH WDNp V NOtþHP V GtUNRX RG DOPiUN\ VNĜtĖ GR NWHUp VH VHãNUiEDOD
KODYLþND]HVLUHNNRXVHNãSDJiWNXQDMHGQpVWUDQČVHXYi]DOQDRþNRNOtþHQDGUXKRXVWUDQXKĜHEtN
tak silQêNWHUêVHYHãHOGRGtUN\NOtþH+ĜHEtNXVHPXVHOD]SLORYDWãSLFH 1DVWUþLORVHWRGRKURPDG\
D XKRGLOR R WYUGê SĜHGPČW – NiPHQ ]Hć QČMDNp åHOH]R – Då WR ERXFKOR .G\å E\OD PDOi UiQD
SĜLGDORVHRMHGQXQHERGYČVLUN\1ČNG\VHVWDORåHY UXFH]ĤVWDOMHQãSDJiW-HGQRXVHSĜLQDãHP
VWĜtOHQtSĜLKRGLO~UD].DPDUiGQDãNUiEDOGRNOtþHVLUN\XKRGLODQLF1DãNUiEDOGDOãtVLUNXXKRGLO
D ]DVH QLF QDãNUiEDO MHãWČ GDOãt D ]QRYD XKRGLO Y\ãOD YHONi UiQD D Y UXFH QHE\O DQL ãSDJiW 3R
FKYLOFHĜtNDOåHKREROtQRKDKQHGMVPHVHGtYDOLQDQRKXDYLGČOLMVPHåHPXWUþtNXVWRKRNOtþH
v OêWNXDWHþHNUHY7HQNXVNOtþHMVPHY\WiKOLSRPRFLQRåHYHQDNUHY]DþDODWpFWMHãWČYtF.DSHVQtN
QHPČOåiGQêQČNGRPČONXVEtOpKRKDGĜtNXWDNMVPHPLMtPWXQRKX]DYi]DOLDSĜLWiKOLãSDJiWHP
ětNDO åH KR QRKD QHEROt QLFPpQČ MVPH KR ]DYH]OL GRPĤ 3R]GČML NG\å MVPH SĜLãOL ]D QtP PČO
]URYQDSRYêSUDVNXDNXOKDO0iPDãODV QtPQRKXRãHWĜLWN samaritánovi.
6WĜtOHQt] NOtþĤSĜLQiãHORSRGOHY]SRPtQHNSDPČWQtNĤPQRKR]UDQČQt DVLVWHMQČMDNRGQHVSĜLQiãt
RGSDORYiQtQHMUĤ]QČMãtFKSHWDUGDGČOREXFKĤÒVPČYQRXY]SRPtQNX] .\MRYLF]D]QDPHQDOD+HOHQD
6DOLFKRYi 147
-HGQRXV\QHNRG ]YRQtND VWU\ND%]XQND– QDWpFKDOXSČXåE\ORVLFHGUXKpSRNROHQt*U\JDUĤDOH
SĜH]YLVNRVHXGUåHORSRSUDGČGX%]XQNRYLV\QXPO\QiĜH] +OXERþFHNWHUêVHVHPNG\VLSĜLåHQLO–
SRXåLON WRPX~þHOXYHOLNêVWDURGiYQêNOtþRGNDSOH5iQDUR]WUKODNOtþ, DNG\åãOLVWDUêVWU\N%]XQHN
SĜtãWtKRGQH]YRQLWVYtWiQtGRNDSOHQHE\ORþtPRWHYĜtWGYHĜH1HSWHMWHVHFRV\QHNGRVWDO
$NWLYLWDQHMHQSURGČWLQDâWČGUêGHQ
=GREHQt VWURPHþNX SUR
]YtĜiWND
8å SR PQRKR OHW
XGUåXMHPH Y QDãt ãNROH
WUDGLFL Y UiPFL NWHUp Y\FKi]tPH
SRVOHGQt ãNROQt GHQ SĜHG YiQRþQtPL
SUi]GQLQDPL GR QHGDOHNpKR OHVD
DE\FKRP QD]GRELOL YiQRþQt VWURPHþN\
SUR]YtĜiWND-LåQČNROLNGQtSĜHGWRXWR
DNFt ]DþtQiPH YH ãNROQt GUXåLQČ
V SĜtSUDYRX 'ČWL QDYOpNDMt QD QLWČ
NRXVN\ RYRFH D ]HOHQLQ\ WYRĜt ] QLFK
ĜHWČ]\QHERMHQRPR]GRE\QD]DYČãHQt
6 RKOHGHP QD OHVQt ]YČĜ NWHUp MVRX
SDPOVN\ FK\VWiQ\ QHSRXåtYiPH GUiWN\ DQL MLQp PDWHULiO\ NWHUp E\ Mt PRKO\ XEOtåLW . SĜLNUPHQt
]YČĜH PRKRX GČWL NURPČ RYRFH D ]HOHQLQ\ SRXåtW Y\VXãHQp SHþLYR QHVPt EêW SOHVQLYp NXNXĜLFL
]UQtDQHMUĤ]QČMãtVHPHQD&RGČWLQHPRKRXY OHVH]DYČVLWQDVWURPHþN\Y\V\SRXGRÄKQt]GHþek“
QD]HPLNWHUpSĜLNUiãOXMtWUiYRXDFKYRMtP
5RNFRURNSURåtYiPHGtN\WpWRQHQiURþQpDNWLYLWČNRX]HOQpFKYtOHÒSOQČRE\þHMQiSURFKi]NDGR
OHVDVHY WRPWRSĜHGYiQRþQtPþDVHQiKOHVDPDSURPČQtY QČFRNRX]HOQpKRDQHRSDNRYDWHOQpKR
9êUREDQHWUDGLþQtFKYiQRþQtFKGHNRUDFt
9 PLQXORVWL VL OLGp GRPRY\ ]GRELOL SĜHGPČW\ NWHUp VH GDO\ ]DNRXSLW QD
WUKX]SUDYLGODVLMHYãDNY\UiEČOLVDPL9ãDNWDNpE\O\ SRYČWãLQRXY\UREHQ\
] WRKRFRVHQDFKi]HORY NDåGpPYHVQLFNpPVWDYHQtMDEONDRĜHFK\VXãHQp
RYRFH OXãWČQLQ\ D QČMDNi VQtWND FKYRMt þL NUXãSiQNX -HMLFK Qi]Y\ þDVWR QDSRYtGDO\ åH MVRX
Y FKODGQpP ]LPQtP REGREt Y]SRPtQNDPL QD VOXQtþNR D WHSOR &R VL YãDN þORYČN PĤåH SĜHGVWDYLW
SRG Qi]Y\ YUNRþ MHåHN SDMDN ]DKUiGND VYČW
WĜDVRONDSROD]\"
âWČGURYHþHUQt Yê]GREX Y GREČ MLå YiQRþQtFK
VWURPHþNĤ WYRĜLOD VOiPD NWHUi VH GiYDOD SRG
VWURPHN7RDE\Y SĜtãWtPURFHE\OD]DMLãWČQDERKDWi
~URGD 7HSUYH SR]GČML VH VOiPD GRVWDOD QD YČWYH
MHKOLþQDQĤY SRGREČVODPČQêFKR]GRE
-DNêPL R]GREDPL VL ]GREt OLGp VYp VWURPN\GQHV
MDN VL OLGp ]GREt VYp VYiWHþQt SĜtE\WN\" .G\ D NGR
]GREtYHYDãtURGLQČYiQRþQtVWURPHþHN"-DNY\SDGi
Yiã ãWČGURYHþHUQt VWĤO" 0H]L RWi]NDPL NWHUp
PĤåHPH NOiVW GČWHP FK\Et DOH MHãWČ MHGQD
SRGVWDWQi -DN E\ GČWL FKWČO\ DE\ MHMLFK VWURPHþHk
E\OQD]GREHQê"
$å Y\þHUSiPH YãHFKQ\ RWi]N\ D RGSRYČGL
]NXVPH V GČWPL SRGOH QtåH SRSVDQêFK QiYRGĤ
Y\URELW WUDGLþQt GHNRUDFL 1ČNWHUp SĜHGPČW\ VL OLGp
Y\UiEČOL] SRYČUþLYRVWLP\VLMHPĤåHPHY\URELWMHQ
WDNSURUDGRVWDSURR]GREHQtQDãLFKGRPRYĤ$Då
QiP GHNRUDFH GRVORXåt PĤåHPH ML VQtVW QHER V Qt
SĜLNUPtPH]YČĜSĜLSURFKi]FHOHVHP
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD%RåtKRGYiQRþQt
=D GiYQêFK GRE FKRGLOL OLGp ] 9ČWĜNRYLF VNRUR
UiQDQDMLWĜQtVODYQRXPãLYiQRþQtSR]GČMLQD
SĤOQRþQt 9QLWĜHN NRVWHOD YRQČO OHVHP MHGOH
E\O\ SRVWDYHQ\ NROHP VWČQ X ROWiĜH GRNRQFH
R]GREHQp 5\ERYD SĤOQRþQt PãH E\OD SRåLWNHP
YãHFKPLORYQtNĤKXGE\=SČYYDUKDQ\DRUFKHVWU
]iYRGLO\PH]LVHERXRVRXODG3DQUHJHQVFKRULVH
YãHPRåQČVQDåLODE\WRGREĜHGRSDGOR
1D YHONp VH SĤOQRþQt PãH RSDNRYDOD $
RGSROHGQH SĜHG SRåHKQiQtP NRVWHOQt SČYHFNê
VERU]StYDOSURVWLQNpDOHNUiVQpNROHG\
6YiWN\YiQRþQtPČO\VYĤMSĤYDE 148
3UYQt VYiWHN YiQRþQt QHEROL %Råt KRG YiQRþQt
OLGp SURåtYDOL MDNR QHMYČWãt VYiWHN Y URFH .URPČ
GR NRVWHOD QLNGR QLNDP QHFKRGLO SUiFH VH
RPH]LOD MHQ QD WR QHMQXWQČMãt 8å þDVQČ UiQR VH
Y\FKi]HORQDW]YÄMLWĜQt³PãL+HOHQD6DOLFKRYiY]SRPtQi
=DVWDUêFKþDVĤE\OLOLGpQiERåQtDVYiWN\SURåtYDOLMDNRSUDYtNĜHVĢDQp$ĢE\ODVLELĜVNi]LPDåH
VHGHFKVUiåHOSĜHGQRVHPDXVHGDOMDNRMLQRYDWNDPXåĤPQDYRXV\DåHQiPQDãDWN\NROHP~VWåH
VQtK VNĜtSDO SRG QRKDPD D YH Y]GXFKX PUD]HP SUDãWČOR NURPČ VWDUFĤ D VWDĜHQ NWHĜt QHPRKOL
WDNRYêNXVFHVW\Y\NRQDWQHERGČWtNWHUpQHPČO\REXYtNDåGêUiGSXWRYDOGR SRORPVNpKRNRVWHOD
7DPUR]MtPDOR]i]UDNXQDUR]HQt3iQČV YURXFtPVUGFHP]StYDOSĜHGMHVOLþNDPLDPRGOLOVHDSDN
se vracel s SRY]QHVHQRXP\VOtGRPĤ
7HQWRGHQVHþDVWRWUDGRYDORåHþORYČNPiQDYãWtYLWWĜLPãHVYDWp
1ČVXYLQRGR%HWOHPD
skovane v NRãLþNX
VYDW\-RVHIQDPČPUNDO
åHE\FKþHOWURãLþNX
$E\FKVHKR]EDYLþPRKOD
SRãHSWDODVHPPX
MDNXNHKRFRGRVWDQX
åHPXWRWDPYHPX
äHPLNRãLþHNSRQČVH
KQHGPLSĜLVOXERYDO
FHOXPFHVWXPGR%HWOHPD
ãSXQWHNROL]RYDO
6YDWê-RVHIRGUDGRĞþL
SRKODGåLOVHEUDGX
åHPL]DWHQSRGDUXQČN
v QČEMXGDQDKUDGX
=2SDYVND 149
1DG%HWOHPHPSXOQRFWOXþHVWDYDM-XUREHUSDSXþH
&RãLVHWDPSĜLKRGåLORGåLWNRVHWDPQDURGåLOR
&REUDWĜLFRPXGDP\G\þVDPLQLFQČPDP\
HQHPNRåXFKUR]WUKDQ\
6O\ã-DNXEHWDPQDGXEČMHKQL]GHþNRY QČPKROXEČ
7RVQČVHP\XSHþHP\-HåLãNRYL]DQČVHP\
Tam v KDMLY U\EQLþNXXORYtPHU\ELþNXN VQLGDQLþNX
SURMHKRPDþLþNX
=2SDYVND 3526,1(&– 69$7éâ7ċ3È1
6YDWêâWČSiQ
6YDWê âWČSiQ E\O åLG MHKRå PDWHĜVNêP MD]\NHP
E\ODĜHþWLQD2åLYRWČVYDWpKRâWČSiQDVHGRYtGiPH
] MHGLQpKR SUDPHQH D WR QRYR]iNRQQtKR VSLVX
6NXWNĤ VYDWêFK DSRãWROĤ âWČSiQ E\O ]QDPHQLWêP
NĜHVĢDQVNêP ND]DWHOHP ÄSOQêP PLORVWL D PRFt³
a þLQLOPH]LOLGPLYHOLNpGLY\D]QDPHQt]iURYHĖYH
VYêFK Ni]iQtFK KOiVDO åH .ULVWXV MH 0HVLiã
.ĜHVĢDQpVLMHKRVYiWHNSĜLSRPtQDMtSURVLQFH
6WDO VH SUYQtP NĜHVĢDQVNêP PXþHGQtNHP NWHUê
E\O åLGRYVNêPL KRUOLYFL QHQiYLGČQ SR Y\NRQVWUXRYDQpP SURFHVX SĜHG åLGRYVNRX UDGRX
REåDORYiQ ] YHOH]UDG\ %\O R]QDþHQ MDNR URXKDþ
SURWL åLGĤP 9 NDSLWROH 6NXWNĤ DSRãWROĤ þWHPH
Ä7X SURWL QČPX Y\VWRXSLOL QČNWHĜt åLGp SDWĜtFt
k V\QDJy]H ]YDQp V\QDJyJD SURSXãtČQFĤ D k syQDJy]H .\UpQVNêFKD$OH[DQGULMVNêFKD VSROHþQČVH
åLG\ ] Kilikie a z $VLH VH ]DþDOL VH âWČSiQHP SĜtW
1HE\OLYãDNVFKRSQLþHOLW'XFKXPRXGURVWLY MHKRå
PRFLâWČSiQPOXYLO1DYHGOLWHG\QČNROLNPXåĤDE\
SURKODãRYDOL Ä0\ MVPH VO\ãHOL MDN POXYt URXKDYČ
SURWL 0RMåtãRYL D SURWL %RKX³ 7tP SRERXĜLOL OLG
a VWDUãt VH ]iNRQtN\ SDN VL SUR âWČSiQD SĜLãOL RGYHGOL KR D SRVWDYLOL SĜHG UDGX 3ĜLYHGOL NĜLYp
VYČGN\ D WL Y\SRYtGDOL Ä7HQKOH þORYČN ]QRYX D ]QRYX POXYt SURWL WRPXWR VYDWpPX PtVWX L SURWL
MoMåtãRYX ]iNRQX³ 1D YODVWQt XãL MVPH VO\ãHOL MDN ĜHNO åH -Håtã 1D]DUHWVNê ]ERĜt WHQWR FKUiP
a ]PČQt XVWDQRYHQt NWHUp QiP GDO 0RMåtã³ 9ãLFKQL NWHĜt Y UDGČ ]DVHGDOL SRKOpGOL QD âWČSiQD
a YLGČOLåHMHKRWYiĜMHMDNRWYiĜDQGČOD
âWČSiQVHKiMLOYHOPLWYUGRXDQHNRPSURPLVQtĜHþtÄ-VWHWYUGRãtMQtDPiWHSRKDQVNpVUGFHLXãL
1HSĜHVWiYiWHRGSRURYDW'XFKXVYDWpPXMDNRWRGČODOLYDãLRWFRYp3ĜLMDOLMVWH%Råt]iNRQ] rukou
DQGČOĤDOHVDPLMVWHMHMQH]DFKRYDOL³6NXWN\.G\åMHKRSURPOXYXþOHQRYpUDG\VO\ãHOL
UR]KRGOLVHâWČSiQD]DEtW
5RNXQOâWČSiQD]DKQDOL]DKUDGE\PČVWD-HUX]DOpPaDE\MHMXNDPHQRYDOLSURWRåHUR]VXGHN
VPUWLVHQHVPČOSURYiGČWXYQLWĜPČVWD3tVPR]D]QDPHQiYiåH]DWtPFRâWČSiQDNDPHQRYDOLRQVH
PRGOLO„Pane -HåtãL SĜLMPL PpKR GXFKD³ 3DN NOHVOQD NROHQD D ]YRODO PRFQêP KODVHP„Pane,
RGSXVĢ MLP WHQWR KĜtFK³ 7R ĜHNO D ]HPĜHO 6NXWN\ - 3R âWČSiQRYČ VPUWL ]DþDOR SUYQt
SURQiVOHGRYiQtNĜHVĢDQĤ
6YDWpPXâWČSiQRYLMVRX]DVYČFHQ\PQRKpNRVWHO\QD~]HPtýHVNpUHSXEOLN\
$WULEXW\VYDWpKRâWČSiQDMVRXNDPHQ\SDOPRYiUDWROHVW
6YDWêâWČSiQMHSDWURQHPětPDRGURNXPČOEêW~GDMQČSRKĜEHQY FKUiPX6DQ/RUHQ]RIXRUL
OH0XUDNDPHQtNĤ]HGQtNĤNRQtNRþtFKWNDOFĤDNUHMþtFK
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\SURVLQFHQDVYDWpKRâWČSiQD
7HQWR VYiWHN MH L YH 6OH]VNX VSRMHQ V YiQRþQt NROHGRX &R PDOêP NROHGQtNĤP ÄXWHNOR³ EČKHP
VYiWNĤ %RåtKR QDUR]HQt WR VL Q\Qt ERKDWČ QDKUDGLOL $ QHFKRGLOR VH NROHGRYDW MHQ QD VYDWpKR
âWČSiQD Y .UDYDĜtFK GČWL FKRGLO\ SR NROHGČ Då GR 0OićiWHN QČNGH VH FKRGLOR Då GR 7Ĝt NUiOĤ
9 0LORVWRYLFtFKPČOLSUiYRNROHGRYDWSRX]HFKODSFLMLQGHFKRGLODLGČYþDWD=SUDYLGODGČWLSĜLãO\
NH VWDYHQt D ]StYDO\ L QiP GQHV ]QiPp StVQČ 1HMþDVWČML SDN 1DURGLO VH .ULVWXV 3iQ 3iVOL RYFH
YDODãL REOtEHQi E\OD UR]YHUQi ĜtNDQND .ROHGD NROHGD âWČSiQH = 2WLF VH GRFKRYDOD QiVOHGXMtFt
SRGREDWpWRNROHG\
.ROHGDNROHGDâWČSDQHFRWRQHVHãYHåEDQČ"
$MiQČVXNROHGXXSDGQXOMVHPQDOHGX
9ãHFLSãLVHVEČKOLNROHGXPLVQČGOL
DMiPDOêNROHGQtþHNSĜLãHOMVHPN YiPSURWURMQtþHN
WURMQtþHNPLGDMWČQLFVHPLQHVPDMWČ
ãDNMiV YR]HPQČMHGXFRPLGDWČWRYH]PX
GDWČ-OLPLNXVPHGXMHãWČOHSãLSRMHGX
3iQEĤKYiPWRQDGČOLQD]DKUDGČQDSROL 151
9 .\MRYLFtFKGČWLYLQãRYDO\
.ROHGDNROHGDâþHSDQHFRWRQHVHãY W\PåEDQČ
$MDQČVXNROHGXXSDGVHPV ĖXPQDOHGX
SãLVHQDPČVKOXNOLNROHGXPLVOXSOL 152
'ČWL ]D VYp YLQãRYiQt GRVWiYDO\ QČNGH GUREQp SHQt]H MLQGH FKOpE QHER ãWČGURYNX YiQRþNX
SRGOH NURQLN\ REFH 8KOtĜRYD KRVSRG\QČ REGDURYDOD NROHGQtN\ ÄSHþNDPD RĜHFKDPD D
jabkama.“ 153 .ROHGD VH XNOiGDOD GR NRãtNX QHER X]OtNX GČYþDWD VL XNUêYDOD GDU\ GR ]iVWČU\
&KRGLORVHNROHGRYDWQHMHQSRURGLQČD]QiPêFKGČWLQDYãWČYRYDO\LGDOãtVWDYHQtYHYHVQLFL .GH
MLPQHE\ORRWHYĜHQRWDPSĜtãWtURNXåQHãO\1DYHþHUVHGČWLRNROHGXSRGČOLO\
3RFKYDOHQEXGå-HåLã.ULVWXVYLQãXMHPHYDP
KRVSRGDĜLKRVSRG\QLLYDãLPGåLWNDP
Z GDOHNDVHEHUHPHQRYLQ\YDPQHVHPH
1DURGåLORVHQDPGåLWNRY PČVþH%HWOHPČ
-H]XODWNRWRGåLþDWNRY PČVþHYHFKOHYČ
RQROHåLQHERåDWNRQDNXVNXãHQČ
åLPDWUDSLNROHEDþWĜHEDE\OR]DKĜLYDþ
WRGåHþDWNRXUR]HQHY PČVþH%HWOHPČ
=.UDYDĜ 154
,GXQDNROHGXQČVXVHS\WHO
NGRPLKRGDSXOEXGČSOQ\VWĤO
NGRPLKRGDSOQ\EXGČPXMSĜLWHO
NGRPLKRGDãWYUĢSĜLGČSURĖKRVPUĢ
=-DNXEþRYLF 155
1D 7ČãtQVNX FKRGLOL NROHGQtFL VH ãWČVWLPâWČVWL QHER WDNp ãWČVWLþNR E\OD ]SUDYLGOD MHGORYi QHER
VPUNRYiYČWYLþNDR]GREHQiSDStURYRXUĤåtDEDUHYQêPLSHQWOHPL'ČWLUR]QiãHO\FHOpQiUXþHãWČVWL
+RVSRGiĜLYČWYLþNX]DVWUþLOL]DVYDWêREUi]HNQDSROLFLPH]LKUQtþN\WDPãWČãWLY\GUåHORDåGRMDUD
NG\VHVPČORVSiOLWY SHFL=iVDGQČVHQHY\KRGLORQDGYĤUSURWRåHE\ãWČVWtRGHãOR] GRPX1ČNG\
VHYČWYLþN\XFKRYDO\Y GRPČDåGRSĜtãWt]LP\
1DVYDWpKRâWČSiQDGČYþDWDY\QiãHOD]HVWDYHQtGUREN\RGãWČGURYHþHUQtKRVWROX6OHGRYDODSDN
MHVWOL VH QD GUREN\ YUKQRX QHMGĜtYH YUDEFL YUiQ\ QHER KROXEL 3RGOH WRKR SDN PČO Y\SDGDW MHMLFK
EXGRXFtPDQåHO9UDEHFYČãWLOFKDOXSQtNDYUiQDSĜHGVWDYRYDODVHGOiNDKROXESiQD
9 .DWHĜLQNiFKE\OR]Y\NHPåHFKODSFL]YDOLQDâWČSiQDGtYN\GRKRVSRG\QDQČMDNpSLWtětNDOR
VHWRPXÄVXãHQtGČYXFK³NWHUêPVHPOiGHQFLY\NXSRYDOL]DYHOLNRQRþQtSROpYiQt
1DâWČSiQDE\OR]Y\NHPåHåHQVNiLPXåVNiFKDVDPČQLODVOXåEX3URWRVHĜtNDORåHÄQDâWČSiQD
NDåGê KUDMH SiQD³ +RVSRGiĜL Y\SOiFHOL FKDVH ÄP\WR³ +RVSRG\QČ XSHNOD SDFKRONĤP QD FHVWX
ÄVWUXFOHQDYDQGURYQLFX³QHERÄSOHFR³ 156
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\SURVLQFHQDVYiWHN0OićiWHN
6YiWHN 0OićiWHN Pi ~]NRX VRXYLVORVW V YiQRþQtPL RVODYDPL QDUR]HQt 3iQČ .UiO +HURGHV
SRVWLåHQêVWLKRPDPHPVHFtWLORKURåHQê SUiYČ QDUR]HQêP .ULVWHP MDN MHM LQIRUPRYDOL PXGUFL RG
YêFKRGX .G\å PXGUFL SR QiYãWČYČ %HWOpPD YH VQX GRVWDOL SRN\Q DE\ VH QHYUDFHOL N +HURGRYL
a MLQXG\VHYUiWLOLGRVYp]HPČNUiORYDSDUDQRLDE\ODQDVYpPPD[LPX
.UiO+HURGHVSR]QDOåHKo PXGUFLRNODPDOLUR]OtWLOVHDGDOSRYUDåGLWYãHFN\FKODSFHY %HWOpPČ
a v FHOpP RNROt YH VWiĜt GR GYRX OHW SRGOH þDVX NWHUê Y\]YČGČO RG PXGUFĤ (YDQJHOLXP SRGOH
0DWRXãHNDSLWRODYHUã7RYãDNMLåE\O.ULVWXVVHVYêPLURGLþLY EH]SHþtY (J\SWČ
%\OR]Y\NHPåHWRKRWRGQHSĜLFKi]HO\GČWLDPOiGHåNH]SRYČGL&HOpURGLQ\WRKRGQHQDYãWtYLO\
PãLDSUDFRYDWVHVPČORMHQWRQHMQXWQČMãtYHVWDYHQt7UDGRYDORVHåHVHRVYiWNX0OićiWHNQHPi
QLFãtWMLQDNE\VHSRGEtUDO\SUVW\
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\SURVLQFHQD6LOYHVWUD
3RVOHGQtGHQYHVWDUpPURFHE\OR6LOYHVWUD/LGpFKRGLOLGR NRVWHODSRGČNRYDW3iQX%RKX]DYãH
co se jim v XSO\QXOpPURFHSRGDĜLOR
9HþHU VSČFKDOD POiGHå GR KRVWLQFH QD VLOYHVWURYVNRX ]iEDYX =StYDO\ VH NXSOHW\ D KUiO\
jHGQRDNWRYN\ YHVHOpKR ]DEDUYHQt 2 SĤOQRFL ]D]YRQLO\ VNOHQLFH D SĜtWRPQt VL SĜiOL PQRKR ãWČVWt
a zGUDYtY QDVWiYDMtFtPQRYpPURFH.
PRGOHY\SUiYČQt)UDQWLãND+RSSD
]9ČWĜNRYLF 157
6LOYHVWURYVNi QRF E\OD QHMHGQRX
VYČGNHP L UR]YHUQêFK NRXVNĤ NWHUp
E\O\ SUDPHQHP PU]XWRVWt 7R NG\å
QDSĜtNODG POiGHQFL YHYHVQLFLXVWDYHQt
Y\PČQLOL YUiWND QHER KRVSRGiĜL VH
NWHUêP PČOL SR FHOê URN PU]XWRVWL
VORåLOLSĜHGHGYHĜHKQĤM/XGPLOD+RĜNi
YH VYêFK Y]SRPtQNiFK ]DSVDOD åH VWDĜt
] WČFKWR NRXVNĤ POiGHåH UDGRVW QHPČOL
DOH UiGL VH MLP FKOXELOL ÄåH ]D MHMLFK
PODGêFK OHW R VLOYHVWURYVNp QRFL Y\QHVOL
D VHVWDYLOL L FHOê YĤ] QD NDOHQLFX³ 158
.G\å VL XYČGRPtPH åH NDOHQLFH MH
KĜHEHQ VWĜHFK\ MHGQDOR VH R SRGDĜHQê
NRXVHN
7UDGLFHD]Y\N\QD1RYêURN
Ä9LQãXMHPH YiP ãWČVWt ]GUDYt QD WHQWR QDVWiYDMtFt 1RYê
URN&RVHRG3iQD%RKDSĜDMHWČDE\YiPWRGDO6WRNRS
GR VWRGRO\ VWR ]ODWêFK GR WRERO\ D SR VPUWL NUiORYVWYt
QHEHVNp³
3ĜiQtRWLFNêFKþHOHGtQĤN 1RYpPXURNX 159
=LPDMHMHãWČY SOQpVtOHDOH] MHGQRKRVHOLGpY PLQXORVWL
%XNDþ QHEROL IDQIUQRFK Y\UREHQê UDGRYDOLVWHMQČMDNRP\GQHV– GHQVHMLåSURGOXåXMHDQRF
z NHUDPLFNpKRNYČWLQiþH=âäLPURYLFH
VHNUiWt9ãDNWDNpYH6OH]VNXVHĜtNiYDORåHQD1RYêURN
RNXĜtNURN-HQFRVHUR]HGQČOROLGpNUiþHOLGRNRVWHOĤDE\VHPRGOLOL]DFHOêQRYêURN]D]GDU
]GUDYt ~URGX D SRNRM 1DY]iMHP VL SĜiOL YãH GREUp ]YOiãWČ SDN %Råt SRåHKQiQt +RVSRG\QČ
Y 3RGYLKRYČ SRGDURYDO\ QD 1RYê URN NDåGpKR YH VWDYHQt EXFKWRX 'ČWL WHQWR GHQ Y\XåLO\
k YLQãRYiQt3ĜHFHQHPRKO\Y\QHFKDWSĜtOHåLWRVWDE\VLQČMDNêPY\NROHGRYDQêPVODGNêPRYRFHP
þLGRNRQFHGUREQêPSHQt]HPQHSĜLOHSãLO\6SROHþQČSURFKi]HO\VWDYHQtRGVWDYHQtDVSRXãWČO\VYp
YLQãH
9LQãXMHPYDPãþHVWLD]GUDYL
VYDWHERåVNHSRåHKQDQL
DE\VWČGRþNDOLWHKRURNX
DSRURNXPQRKROHW
9LQãXMHPYDPãþHVWL]GUDYLVYDWHERåVNHSRåHKQDQL
QDWHQQDVWDYDMLFLQRY\URN
DE\VWČY PHQãLFKKĜLFKDFKDYČþLFKFQRVWHFK
åLYLE\OLQLHQHMHGHQURNDOHPQRKROHW
2EČ] 9iYURYLF 9 %HQNRYLFtFKVHGČWLÄGRPiKDO\³VYpNROHG\VORY\
9LQãXMXYLQãXMXQČYLPFR
VDKQLWČGRNDSVHDGDMWČFR
9 7ČãtQVNpP 6OH]VNX FKRGLO\ GČWL VWHMQČ MDNR R VYiWNX VY âWČSiQD SR GRPHFK VH ãWČVWLþN\
MHGORYêPL YČWYLþNDPL R]GREHQêPL SDStURYRX UĤåLþNRX 3ĜL WURãH IDQWD]LH E\FKRP PRKOL ãWČVWLþND
QD]êYDWOLGRYêPL3)PoXUIpOLFLWHU SURãWČVWt
9 ]i]QDPHFK ]H 6OH]VND VH QHO]H GRSiWUDW ]GDOL FKRGLOL NROHGQtFL Y 1RYpP URFH VH ]YOiãWQtP
KXGHEQtP QiVWURMHP NWHUê VH Y ýHFKiFK R]QDþRYDO MDNR EXNDþ EUXPEiO EXNiO IDQIUQRFK QHER
WDNpIDĖIUQRFKQD0RUDYČVHPXĜtNDORbýk. =GHQČN=tEUWQDSVDOåHSURYêUREXIDQIUQRFKXÄKOHGt
VL GYD KRãL ]tVNDW PDOê VRXGHþHN MHKRå RWYRUSRWiKQRXNRåtSR ]SĤVREXEXEQXGQRYãDN]ĤVWDQH
QHSRUXãHQp =SUYX QHåOL VRXGHN SRWiKQRX ]DGČODMt GR VWĜHGX NĤåH åtQČ QD ]SĤVRE RKRQX -HGHQ
z KRFKĤVRXGHNGUåtGUXKêV QDYOKþHQêPDUXNDPDVWĜtGDYČWDKiRKRQ 161 Z YODVWQt]NXãHQRVWLYtP
åHSUYQtWyQGRNiåHþORYČNDNWHUêVHV QČþtPSRGREQêPMHãWČQHVHWNDOSČNQČY\lekat7H[WNWHUêP
NROHGRYDOLFKODSFLSĜHGGiYQêPLOpW\XSUDYLO-LĜt3DYOLFD
)DQIUIDQIUIDQIUQRFKQDVWiYiQiP1RYêURN
1RYêURNQiPQDVWiYiNROHG\VHQDQGiYi
KRXKRXKDOHOXMi
%XN~EXN~EXN~RWHYĜHWHUXNX
NROHG\QiPGHMWHQLFVHQiPQHVPČMWH
KRXKRXKDOHOXMi
0O\QiĜPHOHPRXNXYWRPEtOêPNORERXNX
DPO\QiĜNDNUXSLFLYWp þHUYHQpþHSLFL
KRXKRXKDOHOXMi
. RVODYČ1RYpKRURNXSDWĜtSĜiQtãWČVWtD]GUDYt
EOt]NêPDSĜiWHOĤP9\UREPHVLV GČWPL
VWDURGiYQpÄãWČVWtþNR³NWHUêPSRGDUXMPHW\QD
NWHUêFKQiP]iOHåt3RGOHQiVOHGXMtFtKRQiYRGX
VLY\UREtPHMHGQRGXFKRXSDStURYRXUĤåLþNX
3ĜLSUDYtPHVLEDUHYQêSDStU$QĤåN\OHSLGOR
DWXåNX
3RGOHGH]HUWQtKRWDOtĜHVLWXåNRXY\]QDþtPHQD
SDStUNUXåQLFLGRNWHUpQDPDOXMHPHVSLUiOXR
ãtĜFHFP
.UXåQLFLY\VWĜLKQHPHDQiVOHGQČUR]VWĜLKiPH
SDStUSRQDNUHVOHQpVSLUiOH 2GYQČMãtKRRNUDMH
VSLUiO\]DþQHPHQDPRWiYDWQDãLUĤåLþNX
$åSURXåHNVYLQHPHOHSLGOHPSĜLOHStPHNRQHF
VSLUiO\NHVWČQČVWRþHQpKRSDStUX
+RWRYRXUĤåLþNXSĜLOHStPHWDYQRXSLVWROt
k MHGORYpQHERVPUNRYpYČWYLþFH3DStURYRX
UĤåLþNXPĤåHPHQDKUDGLW PDãOt]HVWXåN\
9êUREDEXNDþHSRGOHQiPČWX.DPLO\6NRSRYp 162
3526,1(&– 69È7(.7ěË.5È/ģ
TUDGLFH D]Y\N\ QDVYiWHN7ĜtNUiOĤ
1D7ĜLNUiOHRNURNGiOHY\SUiYČOVWDĜtþHNYQXNĤP
sotva vstali z SRVWHOH $ QD ]YtGDYp Rtázky jim
Y\VYČWORYDOåHGHQVHRSČWSURGORXåLO
.URQLNDREFH9ČWĜNRYLFH 163
6YiWNHP 7Ĝt NUiOĤ VH ]DYUãXMH YiQRþQt ELEOLFNp
SRVHOVWYt .ULVWXV MH ]MHYHQ VYČWX MHKR QDUR]HQt
R]QDPXMH MDVQi KYČ]GD ]D NWHURX Då GR %HWOpPD
putuMtWĜLPXGUFLRG9êFKRGX
/LGRYi WUDGLFH ] WČFKWR PXåĤ XþLQLOD NUiOH NWHUp
]QiPH SRG MPpQ\ .DãSDU 0HOLFKDU D %DOWD]DU
3R]DSRPHQXWiWUDGLFHNG\VHSURVLQFHQDGYHĜtFK
VWDYHQt REMHYRYDOD WĜL StVPHQD .0% QČNG\
&0% VSROHþQČ V OHWRSRþWHP VH GQHV GtN\
7ĜtNUiORYp VEtUFH RUJDQL]RYDQp &KDULWRX YUDFt GR
QDãLFKPČVWDREFt9ãHREHFQČVHWUDGXMHåHStVPHQD
]QDPHQDMtLQLFLiO\PXGUFĤ$OHMLVWpWRQHQt
Ä9åG\FN\ MVHP VL P\VOtYDO åH StVPHQD ]QDþt
SRþiWN\ MPHQ WĜt PXGUFĤ ] 9êFKRGX &DVSDUXV
0HOFKLRU D %DOWKDVDU DOH SDQ SiWHU Y QHGČOL SĜL
Ni]iQt SRYtGDO åH WR VStãH EXGH SRåHKQiQt Ä&KULVWLV 0DQVLRQHP %HQHGLFDW³ FRå SUê ]QDPHQi
.ULVWXV SRåHKQHM WRPXWR SĜtE\WNX³ 164 =QDPpQNR PH]L MHGQRWOLYêPL StVPHQ\ E\OR Y PLQXORVWL
YQtPiQRMDNRNĜtåHN
2EOHþHQt WĜt NUiOĤ EêYDOR Y UĤ]QêFK NRXWHFK 6OH]VND RGOLãQp MHQ Y MHGQRWOLYêFK GHWDLOHFK
=SUDYLGODPČOLFKODSFLQDVREČGORXKRXVSOêYDYRXNRãLOLNWHUiMLPVDKDODþDVWRDåNHNROHQĤP7X
PČOLVWDåHQRXY SDVHEDUHYQRXVWXKRXQHEREDUHYQêP
SDStUHP ]YDQêP ÄRERMHN³ 1ČNG\ VH EDUHYQi VWXKD
QRVLOD MDNR ãHUSD SĜHV MHGQR UDPHQR 1D KODYČ PČOL
SDStURYp þHSLFH Y .UDYDĜtFK MLP ĜtNDOL ÄþXE\³ YH
WYDUX ELVNXSVNp PLWU\ QHER NUiORYVNp NRUXQ\ 7\ VL
MHãWČ SĜL]GRELOL QDOHSHQêPL REUi]N\ þL NUHVEDPL
9 3RGYLKRYČVLFKODSFLREOpNOLSDStURYpRUQiW\NWHUp
EDUHYQČSRPDORYDOL
7UDGLFLWĜtNUiORYpREFKĤ]N\YH9ČWĜNRYLFtFKSRSVDO
-RVHI.UHVWD
6YDWt 7ĜL NUiORYp VH QHUHNUXWRYDOL ] YČWĜNRYVNêFK
V\QNĤ7LSĜLFKi]HOL]GDOHND- Då] /HVNRYFH.DåGê
PČO QD VREČ WiWRYX EtORX VYiWHþQt NRãLli v pase
VYi]DQRX SURYi]NHPQDKODYČ]ODWp 165NRUXQ\7HQ
þHUQêE\OY WYiĜLQDþHUQČQãXYLNVHP- OHãWLGOHPQD
ERW\ WRX GRERX SRXåtYDQêP þHUYHQê PČO WYiĜ
REDUYHQRX SDStUHP ] FLNRUN\ D WHQ EtOê VH
MHGQRGXãH Y WYiĜL QDWĜHO PRXNRX 3RFK\EQt VYDWt
cKRGLOL GĤP RG GRPX ]StYDMtFH WĜtNUiORYRX
VWDURGiYQRX StVHĖ 0\ WĜL NUiORYp MGHPH N YiP
Za VYp Y\VWRXSHQt Y\EtUDOL GR NUDELþN\ RG ãSRUWHN
FLJDUHWGDU\SUR-HåtãNDWRMHVWSURVYpNDSV\
)RWRJUDILHWĜLNUiOĤ] þDVRSLVX.ĜHVĢDQVNiåHQD
=DWtPFRQD2SDYVNXVHFKODSFĤPSĜLREFKĤ]NiFKĜtNDOR
ÄWĜL NUiORYp³ QD 7ČãtQVNX WR E\OL ÄSDVWXãNRYp³ .URPČ
WRKRWR SRMPHQRYiQt VH NUiORYp – SDVWXãNRYp OLãLOL L
Y RGČYX 9 2UORYp PČO NDåGê ] FKODSFĤ MLQRX þHSLFL
3UYQt PČO þHSLFL NXåHORYLWRX ]DNRQþHQRX FKRFKRONRX
GUXKêPČOþHSLFLYHWYDUXYiOFHWĜHWtPČOWYDUELVNXSVNp
PLWU\
3ĜL REFKĤ]FH NUiORYp QHMþDVWČML ]StYDOL L GQHV ]QiPRX
StVHĖ Ä0\ WĜL NUiORYp MGHPH N YiP“ NWHUi E\OD UĤ]QČ
NUDMRYČ PRGLILNRYiQD 9 2WLFtFK FKODSFL QDVWURMHQL ]D
NUiOHSĜLQiYãWČYČVWDYHQt ]StYDOL166
9ãLFKQL 3RFKYiOHQEXć-Håtã.ULVWXVSĜHMHPHP\YiP
KRVSRGiĜLKRVSRG\QLLYDãLPGtWNiP= GDOHNDVH
EHUHPHQRYLQ\YiPQHVHPHåHVH.ULVWXV3iQQDURGLO
Y PČVWČ%HWOpPČ
0HOLFKDU&RW\þHUQêVWRMtãY]DGXY\VWUNXMHãQDQiVEUDGX"
.DãSDU-iX]QiYiPåHMVHPþHUQêåHMVHP] PXĜHQLQVNp]HPL
9ãLFKQL+HURGHVNUiO] RNQDNXNiYLGtWĜHFKNUiOL]GDOHND
.DãSDU&RW\GDUXMHã-HåtãNRYL"
0HOLFKDU-iGDUXML-HåtãNRYLNOREDVXåHVHV ĖXPWĜLUi]\RSDãX&RW\-HåtãNRYLGDUXMHã"
%DOWD]DU-iGDUXMX-HåtãNRYLVWĜHYtþN\QDW\KROHQRåLþN\&RW\GDUXMHã-HåtãNRYL"
.DãSDU-iGDUXMX-HåtãNRYLKUQHFVPHWDQLFHDåV WêPVSDGQXGRSLYQLFH
7ĜLNUiORYpY UiPFLKU\äLYêEHWOpPäLPURYLFH
111
Z GRVDYDGQtFK ĜiGNĤ Y\SOêYi åH SĜL
WĜtNUiORYêFK REFKĤ]NiFK ILJXURYDOL SRX]H
FKODSFL 1HE\OR QLF YêMLPHþQpKR YLGČW
REFKi]HW L SDQD XþLWHOH NWHUê VL V VHERX Y]DO
VYp YODVWQt GČWL %\OD WR Y]iFQi QiYãWČYD
a SRGOH WRKR Y\SDGDOD L YêVOXåND +HOHQD
6DOLFKRYiY]SRPtQi 167
Ä6HGOiFL ]YDOL SDQD UHFKWRUD QD SRþDVQX
a VHON\VNOiGDO\GRNRãHS\WOtN\PRXN\VODQLQ\
a MLQp åLYRE\Wt 3URWRåH NDåGê PČO SDQD
UHFKWRUD UiG WDN MHM OLGp UiGL YLGČOL D ãWČGĜH
REGDURYDOL .G\å SDQ UHFKWRU REHãOL GČGLQX
RYãHPåHMHQWDYČWãtPtVWDPČOLWROLNQDGtON\
åH ML XQpVW QHPRKOL D PXVHOL se o ni s námi
UR]GČOLW³
6H VYiWNHP 7Ĝt NUiOĤ VH QD 2SDYVNX SRMLO\
PQRKpWUDGLFHDSRYČU\3ĜHGWtPWRVYiWNHPVH
Y NRVWHOtFK VYČWLOD Y NRQYtFK SĜLQHVHQi YRGD
7X YH GåEiQHFK D NRQYtFK SĜLQiãHO\ GČWL
GtYN\ D VWDĜHQN\ .G\å VH SDN QiVOHGQČ
SĜLQHVOD GRPĤ NDåGê VH ] Qt QDSLO WĜHPL KOW\
+RVSRGiĜ WRXWR YRGRX NURSLO VYČWQLFH
L KRVSRGiĜVNpVWDYHQtWURFKXQDOLOLGRVWXGQ\
DE\ VH Y Qt YRGD QH]ND]LOD -DN VH ĜtNDOR YH
9iYURYLFtFKÄDE\GRVWXGQLþQpYRG\QHGDOLVH
168
FKUREiFL³ 1HVPČO VH RSRPHQRXW SRNURSLW VYČFHQRX YRGRX VDG þL ]DKUDGD 'QHV VH StVPHQD
.0% Stãt QD GYHĜH þL ]iUXEQČ VWDYHQt DOH Y PLQXORVWL VH VYČFHQRX NĜtGRX SVDOD L QD VWURP\
Y ]DKUDGČ D VWXGQ\ 9 åiGQpP SĜtSDGČ VH W\WR QiSLV\ QHVPČO\ VPD]DW SURWRåH E\ WR ]QDPHQDOR
RGFKRG%RåtKRSRåHKQiQt] GRPX
6ORYRQD]iYČU
3XWRYiQt ]Y\NRVORYQêP URNHP MH X NRQFH 2G PDVRSXVWX MVPH VH GRVWDOL Då NH 7ĜHP NUiOĤP
.UXKMHX]DYĜHQ0QRKp] WRKRFR]GHE\ORQDSViQRMLåQDSVDOQČNGRMLQêþDVWROpSHDSĜHVQČML
5HYROXFH VH WHG\ QHNRQi SĜHVWR QČNWHUp LQIRUPDFH VQDG PRKRX SRPRFL SHGDJRJĤP D GDOãtP
SUDFRYQtNĤP V GČWPL Y MHMLFK SUiFL 6QDåLOL MVPH VH SĜLQpVW LQIRUPDFH R ]Y\FtFK WUDGLFtFK
L SRYČUiFK QHMHQ ] 2SDYVNpKR 6OH]VND
]iURYHĖMVPHQDVWtQLOLMDNW\WRLQIRUPDFH
SĜHQpVWD]åLYRWQLWPH]LGČWPL-VRXWRMHQ
EDUHYQp VWĜtSN\ NWHUp PRåQi QHWYRĜt
NGRYtMDNRX PR]DLNX DOH SRKOHG QD VYČW
L SĜHV EDUHYQp VNOtþNR MH WDN QRYê
a RNRX]OXMtFt 1HSĜHMHPH VL QLF MLQpKR
QHåOLVLXGČODW] WČFKWREDUHYQêFKSRKOHGĤ
WURFKXWRKROLGVNpKRãWČVWt
/LGVNp ãWČVWt WR MH WDNRYi ãĖĤUND QD
NWHURX QDYOpNiPH PDOp NRUiON\ WDNRYi
PDOi ãWČVWt - þtP MVRX GUREQČMãt D þtP MH
MLFKYtFWtPMHWRMHMLFKãWČVWtYČWãt
-DQ:HULFK
112
113
35$1267,.<$329ċ5<=(6/(=6.$
/LGRYi SUDQRVWLND QiP SĜLQiãt PQRKR ]DMtPDYêFK LQIRUPDFt
o QDãLFK SĜHGFtFK 7RX QHMGĤOHåLWČMãt MH åH OLGp MHãWČ Y QH SĜtOLã
Y]GiOHQp PLQXORVWL E\OL V SĜtURGRX PQRKHP YtFH VSRMHQL
a SĜtURGQtP MHYĤP PQRKHP YtFH UR]XPČOL QHåOL MLP UR]XPtPH
GQHV P\ 0\VOtP WtP RQR REHFQp SRUR]XPČQt 3URQLNOL MVPH GR
9HVPtUXÄSLWYiPH³DWRP\SURQLNiPHKORXEČMLDKORXEČMLGRQLWUD
=HPČLGRKOXELQPRĜtDOHQHYtPHMDN]QtÄYU]RW³VNĜLYDQDMDNVH
QD MDĜH QDOpYDMt SXSHQ\ NHĜĤ MDN YRQt PRGUi ILDOHQND D MDN
PČNRXþNiEêYiY ]HOHQpPKiMLWUDYLþNDY PiML1DãLSĜHGFLþDVWR
VH åLYtFt ]HPČGČOVWYtP PČOL YãHFKQ\ W\WR YČFL RGSR]RURYDQp
a SURåLWp0XVHOLSURWRåHQHPČOLLQIRUPDFHNWHUpPiPHP\'QHV
VLSĜHGSRYČćSRþDVtSRVOHFKQHPHQHERSĜHþWHPH] PQRKD]GURMĤ
1D ]iNODGČ WČFKWR LQIRUPDFt VH UR]KRGXMHPH MDNp REOHþHQt VL
YH]PHPH QD VHEH MHVWOL VL GHãWQtN SĜLEDOtPH GR WDãN\ QHER MHM
QHFKiPH OHåHW Y SĜHGVtQL 9 PLQXORVWL þHOLOL OLGp PQRKHP
YiåQČMãtPKUR]EiPSĜLQHSĜt]QLSRþDVtQHåMHQSRXKpPX]PRNQXWt
UR]KRGRYDORVHR~URGČDQH~URGČGRVWDWNXþLQHGRVWDWNXKODGXQHERV\WRVWL
6HGOiFLLGUREQtUROQtFLY PLQXORVWLYLGČOLåHVHPQRKpMHY\Y SĜtURGČRSDNXMtYLGČOLåHW\SDN
PDMtYOLYQD~URGXQD]GUDYtþORYČNDLQD]YtĜDWDNWHUiMHRENORSRYDODýDVWRSDNW\WRMHY\SRSVDOL
Y SUDQRVWLFH D SUR VQD]ãt ]DSDPDWRYiQt MH VSRMLOL VH VYiWN\ QHER VYDWêPL SĜLSRPtQDQêPL
Y FtUNHYQtPNDOHQGiĜL&RQDWRPåHVHGRSUDQRVWLNNWHUpSRPČUQČKRGQRYČUQČSRSLVRYDO\MHY\
Y SĜtURGČ SĜLPtFKDO\ QČNWHUp SRYČU\ D ÄEDEVNp³ VWUDFK\ , WR Pi Y\SRYtGDMtFt KRGQRWX R åLYRWČ
Y PLQXORVWL þHPX OLGp YČĜLOL þHKR VH EiO\ N þHPX VH OLGp XWtNDOL )UDQWLãHN %DUWRã R WRP QDSVDO
Ä, Qiã OLG GOH URNX FtUNHYQtKR GOH UR]PDQLWêFK ~ND]Ĥ SĜtURGQtFK EXć YĤEHF EXć Y MLVWp VYiWN\
SR]RURYDQêFK D GOH VWDURE\OêFK Qi]RUĤY D SRYČU VSRĜiGDO VL VYĤM SURVWRQiURGQt NDOHQGiĜ GOH
QČKRåVSUDYXMHVYĤMåLYRWURGLQQêLREþDQVNêUR]GČOXMHVYpSUiFHGRPiFtLSROQtSURURNXMHSĜtãWt
SRYČWUQRVWD~URGXSROQt]GDUDQHEQH]GDURYêFKSUDFtDEXGRXFtVYĤMRVXGYĤEHF³ 169
$ MHãWČ MHGQX GĤOHåLWRX LQIRUPDFL QiP OLGRYi SUDQRVWLND SUR]UD]XMH R QDãLFK SĜHGFtFK E\OL
OLGRYêPLEiVQtN\ D]SČYiþN\7DNĜND] NDåGpSUDQRVWLN\QDQiVGêFKiNUiVDMHGQRGXFKêFKUêPĤ
MHMLFKSRHWLþQRVWDOLER]YXþQRVW
3ĜHVWRåH VH GQHVND SĜtURGD FKRYi þDVWR MLQDN QHå E\OL QDãL SĜHGNRYp ]Y\NOt PQRKp SUDQRVWLN\
QiPPRKRXSRPRFLSRFKRSLWDSRUR]XPČWQČNWHUêPSĜtURGQtPMHYĤP$NG\E\QHXGČOHMPHVLMLPL
UDGRVWY SUĤEČKXQDãHKRNDåGRGHQQtKRVKRQX1HRFKXćPHQDãHGČWLRWHQWRVWĜtSHNOLGRYp SRH]Le
114
Je-OLOHGHQQHMRVWĜHMãtEXGHURþHNQHMSORGQČMãt
/HGQRYêGpãĢPRNĜtUROHDKQRMtVYDWpSROH
Je-OLWHSORY OHGQXVDKiEtGDNHGQX
.G\åY OHGQXGHãWČOLMtWRPiVHGOik SRQDGČML
9 OHGQXVQtKDEOiWRY ~QRUXWXKpPUD]\]DWR
.G\åY OHGQXYþHON\Y\OHWXMtWRQHGREUêURNRKODãXMt
.G\åY OHGQXSUãtDPiORVQČåt] SROtOXNL]DKUDGVHPiORWČåt
&ROHGHQVQČKHPSRSUiãtWR~QRUV YLFKUHPRGQiãt
9 OHGQXVLOQêOHGY NYČWQXKRMQêPHG
.G\åNUWHNU\MHY OHGQXNRQþt]LPDY NYČWQX
/HGHQMDVQêURþHNNUiVQê
/HSãtYONDY VQČKXY EĜH]QXQHåVHGOiNDV SOXKHPY OHGQX
6 OHGQHPURNVWDUêV QRYêPVHVWêNiNGRY VWDUpPQHSUDFRYDOWHQY QRYpPDĢQHQDĜtNi
0QRKRVQČKXY OHGQXPQRKRKĜLEĤY VUSQX
1D1RYêURNRNXĜtNURNQD7ĜtNUiOHRNURNGiOHQD+URPQLFHRKRGLQXYtFH
VY0DNDU\ OHGHQ
.G\å0DNDU\SRKRGQê]DWR]iĜtEXGHFKODGQê
-DNpSRþDVtQDVYDWpKR0DNDULDEêYiWDNRYpVHLY ]iĜtR]êYi
VY ,GD OHGHQ
6YDWi,GDWDGQHSĜLGi
VYiWHN7ĜtNUiOĤ OHGHQ
1D7ĜLNUiOH]LPDVWiOH
1D7ĜLNUiOHGRåLYRWDViKXGiOH
1D7ĜLNUiOHPQRKRKYČ]G PQRKRNRE]ROL
1D1RYêURNRNXĜtNURNQD7ĜLNUiOHRNURNGiOH
1DVY0HOLFKDUDRKQt]GRVHNXUDVWDUi
VY)DELiQDâHEDVWLiQ OHGHQ
2VYDWpP)DELiQXDâHEDVWLiQXQDEtUDMtVWURP\ãĢiYX
VY$QHåND OHGHQ
6YDWi$QHåNDNG\åODVNDYiY\SXVWt] UXN\VNĜLYDQD
6YDWi$QHåNDNDSH]HVWĜtãN\VHGOiþHVFKRYHM]KU\]N\ WM]E\WN\StFHEXGHQH~URGD
VY9LUJLO OHGHQ
6YDWê9LUJLO] OHGXPRVWD]ĜtGLODNG\åQH]ĜtGLOWRMHEĜtGLO
VY3DYHO OHGHQ
115
1DVYDWpKR3DYODSRKRGDMLVWi]ERåt~URGDDNG\åVQtKQHEGpãĢWRSURKRVSRGiĜH]Oi]YČVW
1D3DYODREUDFHQtWpå]LPDVHSURPČQtEXćSRSXVWtDQHE]KXVWt
VY3RO\NDUS OHGHQ
1DVYDWpKR3RO\NDUSDSOQiVQČKXNDåGiãNDUSD
6QČKRYê~QRUVtOt~KRU
.G\åY ~QRUXPXãN\OtWDM~WRY PDUFXUREN\Y UXFHFKXFKDM~
1HFKFH-OLY ~QRUXVHYHUiNYiWLPXVtVHWDNY GXEQXVWiWL
.G\åY ~QRĜHPUi]RVWURGUåtWRGORXKRMLåQHSRGUåt
-HVWOL~QRUKRQtPUDN\VWDYtEĜH]HQVQČKXOiN\
&KRGt~QRURVWURNXWêWiåHVHFKODSĤPDMt-OLGREUpEXW\
~QRr
1D+URPQLFHYUFK]LPQLFHSĤOKURWLFHSĤONUDMtFHSĤOVDQLFHLSĤOVYtFH
1D+URPQLFH– SXOåLPQLFH
-DNGORXKRVNĜLYDQSĜHG+URPQLFHPLYU]iWDNGORXKRSRQLFK]PU]i
.G\åQD+URPQLFHWDMHKRWXMVHGOiþHVDQČ
.G\åQD+URPQLFHVHVWĜHFKWHþH]LPDGORXKRVHSRYOHþH
.G\åQD+URPQLFHVOXQFHVYtWtEXGRXGORXKpQLWL
1D+URPQLFHMH]HYHF] MiP\SR+URPQLFtFKGRQt
1D+URPQLFHKXVDSRYRGČQD9HOLNRQRFHSROHGČ
1D+URPQLFHNDOXåN\XNi]NDQDMDEONDDKUXãN\
VY%ODåHM ~QRU
3UDYtVYDWê%ODåHM+RVSRG\ĖNR GEHMGRE\WHþNXGHMQDþHOHćVHQHVSXãWČMDOHVDPDGRKOtåHM
1DVYDWpKR%ODåHMHVOXQtþNRRKĜHMH
VY9HURQLND ~QRU
2VYČWLFL9ČĜLGRGtUiVHSHĜtNRQþtGUDþN\SHĜt
VY 'RURWD~QRU
1DVYDWRX'RURWXUiGRWHþHGRERWXDQDVYDWpKR0DWČMHGR]iYČMHQDOHMH
1DVYDWRX'RURWXRGPHĢVQtKRGSORWX
3RVYDWp'RURWČXVFKQHSUiGORQDSORWČ
VY$SROORQLD~QRU
6YDWi$SROHQNDþtWiGĜtYtQDSROHQND
6YDWi$SROHQDEêYiY PO]HþDVWR]DKDOHQD
VY9DOHQWLQ~QRU
116
1DVYDWpKR9HOHQWtQND VHMSĜtVDGXGR]iKRQND
6YDWê9DOHQWtQHNMDUDWDWtQHN
1DVYDWpKR9DOHQWLQD]DPU]QHLNRORPOêQD
0DVRSXVWQtWDQFHNDSHVL]GUDYtãDUYDQFH
0DVRSXVWQDVOXQFL– SRPOi]NDXNDPHQ
.RQHFPDVRSXVWXMDVQê– OHQNUiVQê
6XFKêSĤVW– ~URGQêURN
-DNpRVWDWN\NRQFHPPDVRSXVWXWDNRYpLYHOLNRQRþQtVYiWN\
-DNRVWDWN\WDNRVWDWN\SRVNRþWHVLVWDUpPDWN\
VY0DWČM~QRU
6YDWpKR0DWČMHYHVQ\QDGČMH
6YDWê0DWČM]LPXWUDWtNG\åQHWUDWtWRMLRERKDWt
1DVYDWpKR0DWČMHGREUêVHYSĜtVDG\
1DVYDWpKR0DWČMHSLMHVNĜLYDQ] NROHMH
1DMGH-OL0DWČMOHGVHNiKRKQHGQHQDMGH-OLOHGGČOiKRKQHG
.G\åVYDWê0DWČMOHGQHUR]WRStEXGRXY UXFHFKXFKDĢFKODSL
VY5RPDQ~QRU
-DNQD5RPDQDMHWDNRYiEUDPERUQDGČMH
6YDWê5RPDQNRE]ROL]HPDQ
%ĜH]HQ]DNDPQDYOH]HP
&RPDĜHFY\OXGtWRDSULOXVPXGt
$GYHQWQtVQtKGRþNi-OLPDUFRYpKRQHEXGHãMtGDWVHGOiþNXFKOHEDUHåQpKR
-DNêOHVEĜH]HQQDMGHWDNRYêRSXVWt
%ĜH]HQEH]YRG\- GXEHQEH]WUiY\
.DåGiPOKDY EĜH]QXSURPČQtVHY GpãĢ]DVWRGQĤ
6XFKêPDĜHFPRNUêPiMRELOtþNRMDNRKiM
.G\åY EĜH]QXGHãĢĤPQRKRQH~URGD] WRKR
5DGRYDOVHVWDĜHFNG\åPLQXOPDĜHFUDGRYDOVHY KiMX- XPĜHOY PiMX
-HVWOLEĜH]HQNRåLFKVWiKOGXEHQUiGE\SRQČPViKO
9 EĜH]QXSUDFKMDNRVWĜtEUR]ODWRVQtKMHGQDRELOt]DWR
9 EĜH]QXVWiU- ERMtVHPiU
9 EĜH]QXVHGOiNVWURP\RĜH]XMHEXW\MHãWČQHY\]XMH
117
.GRVHMHKUiFKY KUQFXVHMKRY PDUFX
3ĜLMGHPDĜHFXPĜHVWDĜHF
äHQVNiFKXĢSDQVNiOiVNDDEĜH]QRYpSRþDVtMHYåG\QHVWiOp
VY%HGĜLFKEĜH]HQ
1DVYDWpKR%HGĜLFKDVOXQNRWHSOHP]DGêFKi
VY7RPiãEĜH]HQ
1DVYDWpKR7XPNDMHGREUiNDåGiSOXQND
2VYDWpP7RPiãLVQtKEĜHGQHQDNDãL
VY-DQ2JLOYLHEĜH]HQ
1DPXþHGQtNĤPĤåHãVHWLKUiFKLYLNX
ýW\ĜLFHWPXþHGQtNĤ– þW\ĜLFHWPUD]tNĤ
VYěHKRĜ EĜH]HQ
1DVYDWpKRěHKRĜHOHG\SOXMtGRPRĜHYODãWRYLþN\RGPRĜH
6YLQČSURVLODKRVSRGDĜHFKRYHMW\PČGRěHKRĜHDSRěHKRĜX- WRXåVLSRPRåX
1DVYDWpKRěHKRĜHþiSOHWtRGPRĜH
1DVYDWpKRěHKRĜHNDåGêVHGOiNOHQRFKNWHUêQHRĜH
VY-RVHIEĜH]HQ
6YDWê-RVHIVNOiQtEUDGXSOXMH]LPDGROĤV YRGX
6YDWê-RVHIGĜtYtãWtSHD3DQQD0DULD]DWRSt
-DNêGHQVYDWpKR-RVHIDWDNRYêFHOêURN
0Ui]SRVYDWpP-RVHIXQHXãNRGtNYČWX
6YDWê-RVHIYtWU] 0RUDY\EXGHKRGQČWUiY\DNG\å] SROVNpVWUDQ\EXGH]UQtLVOiP\
VY.D]LPtUEĜH]HQ
.G\åQD.D]LPtUDSRKRG\WREXGHQDNRE]ROH~URGD
EĜH]HQ
1D=YČVWRYiQt3DQQ\0DULH]DþtQiNYpVWOLOLHDILDOLQNDVHUR]YLMH
.G\åQRFQD0DWLþNXMDVQREXGH~URGDDNUiVQR
Jaro R]QDPXMH0DULH=YČVWRYiQtDOH]LPXMHãWČQHY\KiQt
-DVQRQD3DQQ\0DULHVSODFKXMHPOK\PDUFRYp
3ĜLãHOGXEHQ]E\WN\Y\PHWHP] KXPHQ
3UYQtGXEHQQHãĢDVWQêGHQ oEČVLOVH-LGiã
%RXĜNDGXEQRYiGREUiQRYLQD
'XEHQ3OHWHQSĜHSOtWiWURFKX]LP\WURFKXOpWD
118
'XEHQDSULOSRSOHWHQPUi]VLFK\VWiQDNYČWHQ
'XEHQFKODGQêGHãWLYê~URGDQiVQDYãWtYt
'XEQRYêVQtKSROHKQRMtGpãĢSĜLQiãtSRåHKQiQt
$ĢY GXEQXVHEHOHSãtEêYiKĤORYþiNDMHãWČ]DVQČåtYi
6QtKGXEQRYêMDNRPUYDSRKQRMt
2]êYi-OLVHY GXEQXKURPQHERMtVHPUD]XVWURP
'XEHQPiSĤOOLVWXNYČWQXY\GDW
+URPY GXEQXGREUiQRYLQDPUi]NYČWXYtFQHSRVWtQi
.G\åQD9HONê3iWHNURVD]DVHM6OH]iþNXRYVD
7HSOpGHãWČY GXEQXWHSOpGQ\Y ĜtMQX
-DNêGXEHQWDNRYêĜtMHQ
.G\åQDãNDUHGXVWĜHGXSUãtKRXVHQN\VHURGt
3DQVNiOiVNDDVQtKGXEQRYê]DPQRKRQHVWRMt
6QtKQDãNDUHGRXVWĜHGXPQRKRKRXVHQHNY ]HOX
'pãĢGR%RåtKRKUREX- EXGHEtGDRYRGX
1DPRNUêGXEHQ- VXFKêþHUYHQ
VY)UDQWLãHN3DXOiQVNêGXEHQ
1DVYDWpKR)UDQWLãNDSĜLOpWiSOLVNDNRQLSiVHNEtOê
VY,VLGRUEĜH]HQ
3RPLQH,VLGRUDSRPLQHLVHYHU
6YDWpKR9RMWČFKDNRE\OtSRWČFKD
VY$QDVWDVLHGXEHQ
1DVYČWLFL6Wi]LþNXNRE]RON\SRGPRW\þNX
VY$QVHOPGXEHQ
2VYDWpP$QVHOPČVHPHQRGR]HPČ
VY9RMWČFKGXEHQ
1DVYDWpKR9RMWČFKDY SROtFKNYHWHSRWČFKD
VY-LĜtGXEHQ
6YDWê-LĜtR]LP\PČĜt
6YDWê-XĜtVHGOiNRYLQDGYHĜLEXĜt
+ĜPt-OLSĜHG-LĜtPEXGHVQtKSRQLP
-DNGOXKRSĜHG-LĜtPåiE\YUþR- WDNGOXKRSRQLPPOþR
0Ui]QHXãNRGtFRSR-LĜtPFKRGt
-DNPUi]XYLGt-XUXSRSXVWtNDåG~ćXUX
VY0DUHNGXEHQ
1DVYDWpKR0DUNDOHåHåiED] MDUND
6YDWpKR0DUNDGHãWLYRVHGXPWêGQĤEOiWLYR
.G\åSĜHG-XURXURVDWRSĜHG0LFKDOHPPUi]
6YDWê-XUDMHGHRGPêNDWLSROHDE\WUiYDURVWODSURQDãH7\UROHMPpQDNUDY
119
0RNUêPiMFKOHEDKRMQRVW
6WXGHQêPiMY VWRGROHUiM
6XFKêEĜH]HQPRNUêPiMEXGH~URGDMDNRUiM
9 PiMLEXGHPY KiML
3ĜLãHOPiMSĜHFGRE\WNXGDM
6YDWEDY PiMLYROiPiU\
-HVWOLY PiMLQHSUãtWRþHUYHQSĜHYUãt
.G\åPiMYOiK\QHGiþHUYHQVHQHSĜHGi
'pãĢSUYQtKRPiMH- URNQH~URGQê
9 kYČWQX-OLKURPVHR]êYiY þHUYQX]ĜtGNDPUKROtYi
.G\åVHY PiMLEOêVNiVHGOiNVLYêVNi
9 PiMLKĜtPRW\QHGČODMtVHGOiNXWUDPSRW\
1DSUYQtKRPiMDGpãĢWR]Oi]YČVW
3UYQtKRPiMDPUi]WRRELOtSOQêNODV
9 NYČWQXQHPiSDVWêĜRYLKĤORVFKQRXW
'pãĢPiMRYêMDNXSODNDQpGtWČSRSURVtSRSOiþHDQHSOiþHYtFH
9HþHUQtURV\Y PiMLKRGQČVHQDGDMt
0iMRYpKĜPRW\SĤVREtWUDPSRW\
.GHPiMWDPGČYþHQDY\GDM
$MDMSDQPiM- WHSOêDOHKODGRYê
0iMRYêNYtWHN] DSULORYp]DKUiGN\- ĜtNDMtPXNRSĜLYD
0RFFKURXVWĤY PiML- GREUêURN
0iMYODåQêSURVWRGĤON\EDåQê
-DNåiEDY PiMLNYiþHRELOp]H]HPČVNiþH
1HåHĖVHY PiMLEXGHãKQHGY UiML
VY)LOLSNYČWHQ
7ĜHãĖRYêNYČW)LOLSD-DNXED- þHUYHQFRYiåQLYD
.ROLN)LOLSD-DNXEDNUDSHNWROLNVHQDNRSHN
1D)LOLSD--DNXED NUDYLþNDVLQDãNXEi
VY)ORULiQNYČWHQ
-DNQDVY)ORULiQDSUãtMHPQRKRRKQČ ]'REUp
'pãĢVYDWpKR)ORULiQDMHRKĖRYiUiQD
VY6WDQLVODYNYČWHQ
1DVYDWpKR6WDQLVODYDYHVWRGROHSXVWRY SROLVOiYD
1DVYDWpKR6WDQLVODYDQDSDVHVHNĤĖLNUiYD
/HQVHWêQD6WDQLVODYDQDURVWHMDNOiYD
VY,VRGRUNYČWHQ
1D,VLGRUDRUiþHSWiþHVLUiGRSRVNiþH
3Uãt-OLQD1HEHYVWRXSHQtGUDKpNRĖVNpSUGČQtRYHVVHQHXURGt
VY3DQNUiFNYČWHQ 6HUYiFNYČWHQ %RQLIiFNYČWHQ
3DQNUiF6HUYiF%RQLIiFSURVDGDĜH]OtFKODSFL
VYäRILHNYČWHQ
6YDWiäRILHNODV\UR]YLMH
'pãĢVYDWpäRILHãYHVWN\XELMHDMHPQRKRNR]iNĤ
VY-XOLHNYČWHQ
3R-XOLLVYČWLFLSRåQLEXMQRXSãHQLFL
VY8UEDQNYČWHQ
6YDWê8UEDQOpWDSiQ
+DYORYRåLWR8UEDQĤYRYHVFR] WRKREXGHSRWRPPLSRYČ]
1DVYDWpKR8UEDQDY SROL]StYi=X]DQD
1D8UEDQĤYGHQSRVSČãVHWLOHQ
3RKRGDQD8UEDQDSURVHGOiNDY\KUDQi
2VYDWpP'XãHFKRćMHãWČY NRåXãH
'RVYDWpKR'XFKDQHVSXãWČMVHNRåXFKDDSRVYDWpP'XFKXRKOtåHMVH]DVHSRNRåXFKX
1DVYDWê'XFKGRYRG\EXFKQD%RåtWČOR GRYRG\VPČOR
9 þHUYQXVHXNiåHFRQiP3iQ%ĤKGiQDGDĜH
&RþHUYHQQHGiY NODVXþHUYHQHFQHQDGåHQHY NODVX
.G\åPiMYOiK\QHGiþHUYHQVHSĜHGi
9 þHUYQXGHãWLYRDFKODGQR]SĤVREtURNQH~URGQêVQDGQR
'HQ%RåtKR7ČODSČNQêþDVWČåNêDEH]SHþQêNODV
.G\åQD%Råt7ČORYtWUIXþtWRVHWNDOFLUDGRYDOLPČOLGREUêREFKRG
VY0HGDUGþHUYHQ
-DNêGHQ0HGDUG9,]DVYČWtWDNpEXGRXVHQRVHþL
.G\å0HGDUGVHUR]YRGQtSUãtYiãHVWWêGQL
121
0HGDUGRYDNUiSČ– þW\ĜLFHWGQtNDSH
VY$QWRQtQþHUYHQ
1DVYDWpKR$QWRQtQDMDKRGDVH]DþHUYHQi
VY9tWþHUYHQ
3RKRGDQDVYDWpKR9tWD9,WRGREURWDQDåLWD
1DVYDWpKR9tWDQDMHGQRPNRQFLVHVWPtYiQDGUXKpPVYtWi
3RKRGDRGVY9tWDGRVY-DQDSURRELOtMHY\KUiQD
1DVYDWpKR9tWD]D]ĜLGRåLWDFRWDPXYLGtãWRVNOLGtã
1DVYDWpKR9tWDNRXĜtVH]HåLWD NYHWH
'pãĢRVYDWpP9tWXãNRGtMHþPHQXLåLWX
6YDWê9tWPOpNRFK\W- VYDWê-DQPOpNRWDP
VY-DQ.ĜWLtel þHUYHQ
ýtPGĜtYHSĜHGVYDWêP-DQHPKĜLE\URVWRXWtPGĜtYHSĜHG9iQRFHPLVQČåt
'pãĢVYDWpKR-DQD.ĜWLWHOH QHQDVEtUiãRĜHFKĤGRYČUWHOH
.G\åVHVYDWê-DQUR]SOiþH0DWND%RåtQH]YHVHOtREDEXGRXSRSODNiYDWGR8UãXO\
.G\åNXNDþNDSRVYDWpP-DQXNXNiEXGHGUDKpåLWR
VY3HWUD3DYHOþHUYHQ
1D3HWUDD3DYOtþNDNYHWHNDåGiWUDYLþND
1DVYDWpKR3HWUD-3DYOD NG\åKURPWĜtVNiKĜLE\GR]HPČ]DWLVNi
3HWUD3DYHOFKRGtV QĤãtDNRĜHQ\VXãt
6 3DYOHP3HWUNRĜtQN\QDWUK
.G\åNYHWHFKUSD]D QHGČOHFKRSVHVUSD
.G\åNYHWHNRXNRO]DWêGQĤV SãHQLFtGRVWRGRO
ýHUYHQHFåQHåLWDDYLãQČVNêWi
9 þHUYHQFLåHQFLGRSROHDYþHO\] SROH
&RþHUYHQHFQHXSHþHWRMLåVUSQXQHXWHþH
9 þHUYHQFLURMHQtQHVWRMt]D]YRQČQt GĜtYVHSĜLURMHQtYþHl ]YRQLOR
9 þHUYHQFLGRNRãLOHUR]KDOVHDY SURVLQFLDåSRXãL]DEDOVH
1DYãWtYHQt3DQQ\0DULHþHUYHQHF
'pãĢQD1DYãWtYHQt3DQQ\0DULHSRWUYi DåGR=X]DQ\
1DYãWtYHQt3DQQ\0DULHþLVWpSĜLQiãtRYRFHMLVWp
.G\åQD1DYãWtYHQt0DWN\%RåtSUãtWRGQĤVHVWĜHFK\þXUþtGQtVHYRGDYUãt
122
VY3URNRSþHUYHQHF
6YDWê3URNRSNRĜHQGRNRSD]HOtRNRS
VY)HOLFLWD þHUYHQHF– SURYtUXXPXþHQDY ětPČLVHVYêPLV\Q\
'pãĢ EUDWUĤ- KQLMtNRE]ROH
VY0DUNpWDþHUYHQHF
6YDWi0DUN\WDYHOt2NRSDW]HOt
6YDWi0DUN\WDOQXVHFK\Wi SOHMHVHOHQ
6YDWi0DUN\WDPRXFK\UR]V\Si
.G\åQDVYDWRX0DUN\WXSUãtQHEXGHRĜHFKĤ
6YDWi0DUNpWDYHGHåHQFHGRåLWD
VY0DULD0DJGDOHQDþHUYHQHF
1HåXWHþH0DJGDOHQDKOHćQDIĤUXGRVWDWVHQD
1DVYDWRX0DJGDOHQXSRKRGDSURYþHO\YêKRGDDNG\åVORWDWROLFKRWD
3Uãt-OLY GHQVYDWp0DJGDOHQ\RELOtY VWRGROiFKVH]D]HOHQt
VY$SROOLQDULVþHUYHQHF
6YDWêELVNXS2SROtåHQFHYRGtGRSROt
VY-DNXE9ČWãtþHUYHQHF
-DNêWHSOêVYDWê-DNXE, tak VWXGHQp9iQRFH
3RVYDWpP-DNXEČNDåGêQDVYpPGOXEČ
3RVYDWpP-DNXEČVNĜLYDQ]StYiQDKUXGČ
.ROLNPUDþHQQD-DNXEDWROLNY ]LPČVQČKX
.G\åQDVYDWpKR-DNXEDVOXQFHMDVQČVYtWtPiSUêNUXWi]LPDEêWL
1DVYDWpKR-DNXEDþHNiPQRKDKXED
1DVYDWpKR-DNXED- NRE]ROLSUXED
6YDWê-DNXESOHWHSURYi]N\N PČFKĤP
6YDWê-DNXEYČWãtQDVQtKYČãWt
VY$QQDþHUYHQHF
âĢDVWQêNGRQD$QQXQDPOXYtVLSDQQX
6YDWi$QQDPRW\þNXVYDWê-DNXEKURWLþNXVSROHPLGXQDNRE]ROH
6YDWi$QQDFKODGQR]UiQD
6WUQLãWQtNOiVHN]DGUKXMHSWiþNĤPKOiVHN
9OQLYpRELOt- VSRUpSHFQ\
6USHQN ]LPČKOHGtDUiGYRGXFHGt
123
&RVUSHQQHXYDĜtWRXå]iĜtQHXVPDåt
9 VUSQXPOK\QDYêãLQiFKMLVWiYRGD, DNG\åY QtåLQiFKWRSRKRGD
9 VUSQXSUYQtWêGHQSRKRGDVWiOiEXGH]LPDGORXKREtOiPRNUpOpWRQDGUXKêURN
Z SRþiWNX-OLVUSHQQRWQČKĜHMH]LPDEXGRXFtVHVQČKHPVNYČMH
6USHQNODV\NOLGtD]UDOpRYRFHYLGt
.GRKOHGtY VUSQXFKODGXQDWUStY ]LPČGRVWKODGX
1HMVRX-OLY VUSQXKĜLE\QHEXGHY ]LPČVQČKX
0RFKXEVUSQRYêFKPRF YiQLFVQČKRYêFK
.G\åVHXURGtRELOtVWRNODVDPiVHGOiNLFKDVDNG\åPHWHOLFHQHPiDQLVOHSLFH
2GQRX]H KODGXWUSHQtQHMOHSãtOpNDĜVUSHQ
VY.DMHWiQVUSHQ
6YDWê.DMHWiQMHWDG\RGYH]WHPDQGHOĤĜDG\
VY9DYĜLQHFVUSHQ
9DYĜLQHFXND]XMHMDNêSRG]LPQDVWXSXMH
1DVYDWpKR9DYĜLQFHV NRE]RODPLGRKUQFHDMDĜLQDR]LPLQDVFKRSQiMHGRPOêQD
9DYĜLQFĤYGpãĢP\ãt~URGD
1DVYDWpKR9DYĜLQFHRĜtãN\MGRXGRYČQFH
6YDWê9DYĜLQHFY\SUi]GQLOSROQtKRVWLQHF
PČNQČQD9DYĜLQFHD%DUWRORPČMH- ãXPQpKRSRG]LPNXQDGČMH
-DNVYDWê9DYĜLQHFVHVYDWêP%DUWRORPČMHPQDYDĜtWDNVHMHVHĖSRGDĜt
.G\åVYDWê9DYĜLQHFQDGFKRGtSRVOHGQtĜHSNXVHĢVHKRGt
1DQHEHY]HWt3DQQ\0DULHVUSHQ
3DQQ\0DULH1DQHEHY]HWtKOiYNDGR]HOtYOHWt
VY+HOHQDVUSHQ
6YČWLFL+HOHQFHSOHWRXåHQFLYČQFHGRåtQN\
VY7LPRWKHXVVUSHQ
6YDWê7LPRWHXVKi]tVQRS\QDYĤ]
VY%DUWRORPČMVUSHQ
1DVYDWpKR%DUWRORPČMHGREUêVHGOiNåLWRVHMH
6XFKRQDVYDWpKR%DUWRORPČMH- PUD]Qp]LP\QDGČMH
.G\å%DUWRORPČMQH]DVHMH QHSRNURSt,G]LWR] RELOtL]HåLWDVHPiORY SROLYLGt
6YDWê%DUWRORPČMOpWXKODYX]ORPLO
%DUWRORPČMVNpYČWU\RYV\OiPRX
124
7RXåt-OL]iĜtSRURVHEXGHY ĜtMQXEOiWRSRRVH
9 ]iĜtPQRKRSRåiUĤEêYiSURWRY ]iĜtREORKDVHUGtYi
=iĜLMRYiVORWDKUVWNDGHãWČIĤUDEOiWD
2]LPLQXVHMY NRãLOLDMDĜLQXY NRåLFKXEXGHãPtWQDVWĜLFKXVêSFH
3RG]LPQDVWUDNDWpNRE\OHMH]Gt
.GRSUDFRYDOY OpWČWRPXSRYt]iĜt7OXVWiEXGHMHVHĖWČãVHKRVSRGiĜL
'LYRNpKXV\VYDþLQXRGQiãtD]LPXSĜLQiãt
'ORXKêNRĜHQQDRF~QXGORXKi]LPD
VY-Lljí ]iĜt
3URRUQLFLLRVHQtYêKRGDNG\åQD-LOMtKRVOXQtSRKRGD
6YDWê -LOMt- GtYN\EtOt
1DVYDWpKR-LOMtN VHWtVHSĜLSUDYNDåGêVKQLOê
1DVYDWpKR-LOMtMDVQRMHVXFKiMHVHĖNG\åSUãtGQtVWĜHFKDQHY\VFKQH
1DUR]HQt3DQQ\0DULH]iĜt
3DQQ\0DULHQDUR]HQt- YODãWRYLþHNUR]ORXþHQt
0DWND%Råt- KOiYNXVORåt]HOt
3RYêãHQtVYDWpKRNĜtåH]iĜt
1DVYDWê.ĜtåRYFHVWĜtå
VY0DWRXã]iĜt
3RVYDWpP0DWRXãLþDSNXQDXãL
6YDWê0DWRXãFKPHOREtUiD] ~OĤPHGSRGiYi
1DVYDWpKR0DWRXãHSRKRGDY\VFKQHY OHVHNDåGiNOiGD
3RVYDWpP0DWRXãLRYRFHVHRNRXãt
VY0RĜLF]iĜt
1DVYDWpKR0RĜLFHQHVHMSãHQLFHEXGHVDPDPHWOLFH
VY7HNOD]iĜt
1DVYDWRX7HNOL]HOtþNRVHNOL
6YDWi7HNOLþNDPDOXMHMDEOtþND
VY9iFODY]iĜt
9iFODYWXG\- SR]GYLKXMHGOXK\
DUFKDQGČOVY0LFKDHO]iĜt
.G\åQRFMDVQiQD0LFKDODWR]LPDQDVWRXStWUYDOi
âSDWQêKRVSRGiĜFRQDVY0LFKDODNRQČKOHGiDE\] SROHVSČFKDO
-DVQêGHQQD0LFKDOD- XURGtVHRELOtDGREUêPDVRSXVW
6YDWê0LFKDOVHYãtP] SROtVStFKDO
3DGDMt-OLåDOXG\SĜHG 0LFKDOHPEXGHEU]Ni]LPD
3tVNDOVL0LFKDOD] SROHVStFKDO
125
ětMHQDEĜH]HQEêYDMtURYQt
7HSOêĜtMHQVWXGHQêOLVWRSDG
3RWHSOpP]iĜt]OHVHĜtMHQWYiĜt
%RXĜND-OLY ĜtMQXWĜHEDVPDOiVRWYDQDWR]LPDVWiOi
9 ĜtMQX-OLEOêVNi]LPDMHEOt]Ni
0QRKRGHãĢĤY ĜtMQXPQRKRYČWUĤY SURVLQFL
.G\åGORXKROLVWtQHSDGiWXKi]LPDVHSĜLNUiGi
'LYRNpKXV\QDRGOHWXNRQHFLEDEtPXOpWX
VY3ODFLGXVDVY 0DUFHOOtQĜtMHQ
1DVYDWpKR 3ODFLGDVOXQFHRKQČQHY\Gi
3ĜHãORVYDWp0DUFHOtQ\SRVHþSRG]LPQtMHWHOLQ\
VY.DOOLVWXVĜtMHQ
1DVYDWpKR.DOLVWDXFSLYþHOtQGRþLVWD
VY7HUH]LHĜtMHQ
3RVYDWp7HUH]HPUi]SRVWĜHFKiFKOH]H
VY+DYHOĜtMHQ
6YDWê+DYHOVWRMt]DWRMDNEXGHSĜtãWtOpWR
2VYDWpP+DYOHGRE\WHNYHFKOpYČ
1DVYDWpKR+DYOD]HOtQHNUXåDĢ ]KRĜNQH
6YDWê+DYHOSRVOHGQtMDEONRVKi]HO
6YDWê+DYHOGR]HOtYHOHO
6YDWê+DYHOþHVQHNVi]HO
6Y +HGYLNDĜtMHQ
6YDWi+HGYLND SROH]DP\NiDPHGXGRĜHS\QDOHMH
6YDWi+HGYLNa SRVYtFHQtRGP\NiDSROH]DP\Ni YH6OH]VNXVHVODYLORSRVYtFHQt
VY/XNiãĜtMHQ
1DVYDWpKR/XNiãHKRMQRVWFKOHEDLNDãH
VY9RUãLODĜtMHQ
6YDWi8UãXODD.RUGXODYČWU\SRKQXOD
6YDWi8UãXODD.RUGXOD SDWURQN\YČWUX
.G\åQD8UãXOXD.RUGXOXYČWU\GXMtSRFHORX]LPXQiVQDYãWČYXMt
6YDWi8UãXODSHUOLþN\UR]VXODUiQRYVWDODSRVEtUDODDQLMHGQpQHQHFKDOD
.G\åQD8UãXOXYČWUGXMHWXKRX]LPXRKODãXMH
VY-XGD7DGHiãDVYâLPRQ.DQDQHMVNêĜtMHQ
126
3RâLPRQČD-XG\QDGČMVHVQČKXQHEKUXG\
1DâLPRQD– -XG\WXKQRXY SROLKUXG\
1DâLPRQ\ãHSĜLNOXãH]LPDWLãH
1DâLPRQD– -XG\VSDGQH]LPDV SĤG\QHEXGH-OLPRFLQD9ãHVYDWpY QRFL
1DâLPRQD– -XG\ELþHVFKRYHMWHUXNDYLFHY\QGHMWH
.G\åNUWHNY OLVWRSDGXU\MHEXGRXR9iQRFtFKNRPiĜLOtWDW
.G\åVWURP\Y OLVWRSDGXNYHW~VDKi]LPDN OHWX
-DNêOLVWRSDGWDNêEĜH]HQ
9 OLVWRSDGČKĜPtVHGOiNYHVQRXVQt
VYiWHN9ãHFKVYDWêFKOLVWRSDG
.G\åQD9ãHVYDWpPUD]LYRWR]LPDEXGHWHSOLYR$NG\åGpãĢWREXGHWĜHED]DSHFYOp]W
-DNRQD9ãHVYDWpWDNRPČVtFSRQLFK
.G\åR9ãHFKVYDWêFK]LPDQHPiPRFLWDNRVY0DUWLQČRSĤOQRFL
VY7KHRGRUOLVWRSDG
1DVYDWpKR7HRGRUDVHGOiNSLOQČSROHRUi
VY0DUWLQOLVWRSDG
-LåQtYtWUQD0DUtLQDWREXGHPtUQi]LPD
1DVYDWpKR0DUWLQDNRXĜtYiVH] NRPtQD
6YDWê0DUWLQSĜLMtåGtQDEtOpPNRQL
.G\åVYDWê0DUWLQVQČKHPSĜLEČåHOEXGHY QČPFHOêPČVtFOHåHW
1DVYDWpKR0DUWLQDQHMOHSãtMHKXVLQDSRKOHćQDKUXćLQDNRVWLMDNi]LPDVHSĜLKRVWt
-DNêGHQVYDWpKR0DUWLQDWDNRYiWpåEXGH]LPD
VY-RVHIDWOLVWRSDG
1DVYDWpKR-RVHIDWDOHSãtNRåLFKQHåOLYDWD
VY2WPDUOLVWRSDG
1DVYDWpKR2WPDUDQHYLGČWNRPiUD
2EČWRYiQt3DQQ\0DULHOLVWRSDG
-DNêGHQQD2EČWRYiQt3DQQ\0DULHWDNRYiMHFHOi]LPD
VY.DWHĜLQDOLVWRSDG
6YDWi.DWHĜLQDSHNOR]DP\NiQHEHRGP\Ni þDVDGYHQWQt
6YDWi.DWHĜLQD]DND]XMHSRGVPtFKHPDVYDWê2QGĜHMSRGKĜtFKHP
&KRGt-OLVYDWi.DWHĜLQDSROHGČFKRGtVYDWêâWČSiQSRYRGČ
1DVYDWRX.DWHĜLQXVFKRYiPHVHSRGSHĜLQX
127
$Ģ.DWHĜLQD QHERNĜtåHNG\åPU]QHGREUpWHSOLFKêåH
$Ģ.DWHĜLQ\QHER2QGĜHMHNG\åPU]QHWHSOiFKDOXSDMHQRKĜHMH
VY.OLPHQW OLVWRSDG
6YDWê.OLPHQW]LPXVOLEXMHDVYDWê3HWU MLXFHOXMH
VY2QGĜHMOLVWRSDG
6QtKVYDWpKR2QGĜHMHR]LPLQiPQHSĜHMH
6QtK VYDWpKR2QGĜHMHåLWXPQRKRQHSĜHMH
6YDWê2QGĜHMWLFKêQHEXGHOHQOLFKêĜtGNê
6YDWpKR2QGĜHMHVO]LFHQDSOQtRYRFHPWUXKOLFH
3URVLQHF]HPL]KUXGtDML]EHþN\VWXGt
0UD]LYêSURVLQHFPQRKRVQČKXåt]QLYêURþHNEXGHY EČKX
.G\åPUi]QDSUYQtKRSURVLQFHY\VFKQHQHMHGQDVWXGQLFH
1HQt-OLSURVLQHFVWXGHQêEXGHSĜtãWtURNKXEHQê
.G\åY SURVLQFLPU]QHDVQČåt~URGQêURþHNQDWREČåt
7PDYp9iQRFHGRMQpNUiY\
6YČWOp9iQRFHWPDYpVWRGRO\
=HOHQp9iQRFHEtOp9HOLNRQRFH
.G\åSURVLQHFE\VWĜtSR9iQRFtFKMLVNĜt
3URVLQHFQDOHMHDOHGHQ]DYČMH
'R9iQRFKXMRG9iQRFVWĤMQHERIXM
1D9iQRFHPQRKRKYČ]GLþHNVOHSLFHQDQHVRXPQRKRYDMtþHN
6YČWOiNROHGD- WPDYiVWRGROD
VY%DUERUNDSURVLQHF
1DVYDWRX%DUERUNXPUi]- VFKRYHMVDQČSĜLSUDYYĤ]
%DUERUD]DYDĜt6iYD]DVROt0LNXOiãVNXMH
3RVYDWp%DUXãLVWĜH]VYĤMQRVLXãL
6YDWi%DUERUNDY EtOpPIČUWXãNXEXGHKRGQČWUiY\
6YDWi%DUERUDPRVW\VWDYt6iYDEĜHK\RVWĜtDVYDWê0LNXOiãMHSĜLEtMt
6YDWi%DUERUNDY\KiQtGĜtYt]HGYRUND
1DVYDWRX%DUERUXVDQČGRGRPX
3UDYLOVYDWê7RPD9ãXGHGREĜHQHMOtSGRPD
VY/XFLHSURVLQHF
6YDWi/XFLHQRFLXSLMHDGQHQHSĜLGi
128
VY+RVWLYtW SURVLQHF
1DVYDWpKR+RVWLYtWDVWUXKHMãSLON\QDMHOLWD
VY$OEtQDSURVLQHF
6YDWi$OEtQDãSHNGRNRPtQD
âWČGUêGHQSURVLQHF
=HOHQp9iQRFH– EtOp9HOLNRQRFH%tOp9iQRFH– ]HOHQp9HOLNRQRFH6YČWOp9iQRFH– WPDYp
VWRGRO\7PDYp9iQRFH– VYČWOpVWRGRO\
-DVQRQD'HQãWČGUê, EXGHKUiFKWYUGê QHXURGtVH
7YUGRDMDVQRQDâWČGUêGHQ- ~URGDWYUGpKR]ERåtDKUDFKX
/HSãt9iQRFHWĜHVNXWpQHåOLWHNXWp
0UD]LYpKRG\þDVQpYRG\DNG\åVORWDQHEXGHEU]\EOiWD
-DVQp9iQRFHKRMQRVWYtQDLRYRFH
.G\åPRXFK\QD9iQRFHQDVOXQFLVLKUDMt WRFKXGtOLGpKODG\XPtUDMt
VYâWČSiQSURVLQHF
-HVWOLQDVYDWpKRâWČSiQDYČWU\XKRGtSĜtãWtURNVHYãHFNRãSDWQČXURGt
VY6LOYHVWUSURVLQHF
-DNE\OFHOêURNVDPDYRGDDEOiWRQD6LOYHVWUDQDSDGQH]ODWR
JDNQDãLSĜHGFLXUþRYDOLSRþDVt
.G\E\VWHY PLQXORVWLQDYãWtYLOLQČNWHUiVWDYHQtYH6OH]VNX]DKOpGOLE\VWH XYQLWĜQDGHGYHĜPLNĜtGRX
QDPDORYDQp NUXK\ QD þW\ĜL GtO\ UR]GČOHQp &R ]QDPHQDO\ D R þHP Y\SRYtGDO\ StãH -RVHI .UHVWD
Y NURQLFHREFH9ČWĜNRYLFH
„3ĜLMGHPH-OLMHãWČGQHVN QČNWHUpPXVWDUpPXKRVSRGiĜLSĜHNYDStQiVGYDQiFWNUXKĤQDWraPČSRG
povalem (sWURSHP7RMHWODNRPČUNDOHQGiĜLPHWHRURORJLFNiVWDQLFHQDãLFKSĜHGNĤQDYHVQLFtFK
-H WR FHONHP QHVP\VO DOH SUR ~SOQRVW OLGRYp SUDQRVWLN\ WR ]GH NURQLNiĜ XYiGt DE\ þWHQiĜL WpWR
NURQLN\YČGČOLY FRVWDĜtOLGpWDNpYČĜLOL
'RGYDQiFWLNUXKĤQDãLSĜHGNRYp]QDPHQDOLSRþDVtGYDQiFWLGQĤSĜHG%RåtPQDUR]HQtPDGDOãtFK
GYDQiFWGQĤSRQČP.UXK\NĜtGRXQDWPDYpPGĜHYČQpPWUiPXY\]QDþHQpMVRXUR]GČOHQ\QDGtO\
FRå]QDPHQiþWYUWLPČVtFH'RWČFKWRþWYUWtNUXKX]QDþtVYLVOêPLþiUNDPLSRþDVtWRKRNWHUpKRGQe.
'HQVY/XFLH]QDþtOHGHQ1LNDVLD~QRU,UHQHDEĜH]HQDWDNNRQHþQČ$GDPDD(Y\SURVLQHF3Uãt-li
na Lucii ráno, v SROHGQHYãDN6OXQFHVYtWtRGSROHGQHMHSRãPRXUQRDYHþHUMDVQREXGHWHG\SUYQt
WêGHQY OHGQXGHãWLYRVHVQČKHPGUXKêWêGHQVXFKRWHG\ PU]QRXWWĜHWtWêGHQVQtKDRSČWSČNQČ-HOL WRKR NWHUpKR GQH SČNQČ ]ĤVWDQRX NUXK\ SUi]GQp SUãt-OL MVRX Y\þiUNRYiQ\ KXVWČML MH-li
SRãPRXUQR]QDþtVHþiUNDPLĜLGãtPLWDNWR pUYQtþWYUWPČVtFHEXGHPtWMDVQpVOXQQpSRþDVWtGUXKi
POK\SRãPRXUQR WĜHWt GHãWLYpSRþDVtDþWYUWiRSČWSRKRGX
3URYČWãtEH]SHþQRVWDMLVWRWXRSDNXMHVHSR]RURYiQtGDOãtFKGYDQiFWGQĤRG%RåtKRQDUR]HQt
;,, GR VYiWNX 7Ĝt NUiOĤ , 3ĜtVOXãQp SRþDVt R]QDþt VH RSČW GR WČFK GYDQiFWL NUXKĤ þiUNDPL
SĜtþQêPL SĜHV þiUN\ VYLVOp 1DãL SĜHGNRYp YČĜLOL WČPWR ~ND]ĤP D SRGOH WRKR UR]YUKRYDOL SUiFH
v SROQtPKRVSRGiĜVWYt
7R FR E\OR GREUpKR Y SUDQRVWLNiFK MLQêFK GĜtYH XYHGHQêFK WDWR SRVOHGQt SUDQRVWLND V WČPL
NUXK\ QDþLVWR ]OHKþLOD -( 72 329ċ5$ 1(-+25âË+2 '58+8 D QLNRPX VH QHGRSRUXþXMH WXWR
SRYČUXQiVOHGRYDW
129
&RVLNE\ORERãXãWČOR
7LFKRGČOSRNXM
(OLNĜLþLNRNRWQDSORWČWR]RVWDQČþDVY MHGQRWČDOHHOLQD]HPLWRVHSĜHPČQL
6YČWODMXWĜQDĢPDYHVWRGRO\
&RGČGLQDWRMHMLQD
äDEDNDOXåXQDMGČ
-DNDãODWDNpKRQDãOD
'DMSRNXMPDãGYD
7\PVWDUãLEDUDQW\PWYUGãLUXK
6SUDYHGOLY\VHL]DPHWOLFXPVNU\MHDOHQHGREUpKRKRU\GRO\QČSĜLNU\MX
'REU\VXãHG– QDMYČþDSĜDWHOLQD
6XNĖDXWDKQČYČFMDNSDUDYROXY
.DåGDNRãĢPDVYRMX]ORãĢ
-DNGRMLGODWDNGRURERW\
JHGQXPĜLĢXPQČLGČE\ĢQDUD]QDGYXFKNDUPDãDFK
'ČODMFRGČODMHQHNRQFDKOHć
=DWRFRE\ORXåDQLåLGQLFQČGD
.GRFKFHSVDELĢWHQVHXåN\MQDMGČ
.GRPDãSUVWFHO\QČVWUNDMKRPH]LPDQåHO\
1ČFKYDOGĖDSĜHGYHþHUHPDUREXSRVPUWL
.GRFKFHIXUPDQLĢQČVPLFHVW\KDQLĢ
.DåGêFKORSPDMHGHQY\OþL]XE
.HPXQČQLUDG\WHPXQČQLSRPRFL
131
$XWRU'DYLGâURP
3RVWDY\
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
GČYþH
DFKODSHF
EDUERUND
EDUERUND
0LNXOiã
GYDDQGČOp
GYDþHUWL
$PEURå
GYČOXFN\
þW\ĜLNROHGQtFL
7ĜLNUiORYp
&KDUDNWHULVWLNDSRVWDY
-HFLYLOQČREOHþHQêWH[WPĤåHþtVW] SDStUX
-HFLYLOQČREOHþHQêWH[WPĤåHþtVW] SDStUX
6XNQČQHERãDW\NRåtãHNQDKODYČãiWHN
-HGQREDUHYQpNDOKRW\NRåtãHNQHERMHGQREDUHYQêVYHWUQDKODYČ
XãDQNXEHUDQLFLQHERMLQRXSRNUêYNX
%tOpãDW\YODV\Y\þHVDQpGRREOLþHMHQDKODYČPi]HOHQêYČQHþHN
]H]LPRVWUi]XQDNWHUpPMVRXXYi]DQpþHUYHQpVWXK\þHUYHQRX
VWXKXPiLNROHPSDVX
%tOpãDW\QDKODYČPiEtORXNDUNXOLQHEREtOêãiWHN
%tOpURXFKR þHUYHQêSOiãW ELVNXSVNi PLWUa ELVNXSVNiãSLþDWi
þHSLFHDGORXKi ]DWRþHQi ELVNXSVNi EHUOa7\SLFNêMHSUR0LNXOiãH
LEtOêSOQRYRXV Y\UREHQê WĜHED]RE\þHMQpYDW\
%tOpãDW\DEtOiNĜtGODQDKODYČPĤåRXPtWKYČ]G\QHERVYDWR]iĜ
7PDYpNRåLFK\QČNG\SRVORXåtLEXQGDRWRþHQDFKOXSDtou
SRGãtYNRXYHQQHVPtFK\EČWURK\ĜHWČ]QDFKUDVWČQtDS\WHO
9EtOpSODFKWČREOHþHQDSRVWDYDQDKODYČPi] þHUQpKRSDStUX
þHSLFL]DWRþHQRXGRNRUQRXWXSĜHVREOLþHM]iYRMY UXFHPiYUERYp
NRãWČ
9EtOpPREOHþHQpSRVWDY\QDKODYČ PDMtNDUNXOHQHEREtOêãiWHNQD
REOLþHML] EtOpKRSDStUX]DWRþHQpKRGRNRUQRXWĤ PDMtQDVD]HQp
Ä]REiN\³
-HGQREDUHYQpNDOKRW\NRåtãHNQHERMHGQREDUHYQêVYHWUQDKODYČ
XãDQNXEHUDQLFLQHERMLQRXSRNUêYNX
9PLQXORVWLE\OLNUiORYpREOHþHQLY EtOpPDNUiORYVNpNRUXQ\E\O\
Y\UREHQp] YHONpKREtOpKRSDStUX
3RPĤFN\
3OĤWHN] GHVHN
9ČãiNQDNWHUêMVRXSĜLGČOiQ\YUERYpYČWYH– V\PEROL]XMHVWURPHNSURGHQVYDWpKR2QGĜHMH
'DU\SUR7ĜL NUiOH
)DQIUQRFK
132
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
GČYþH
FKODSHF
FKODSHF
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
EDUERUND
EDUERUND
%DUERUN\
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
9iåHQpGiP\YiåHQtSiQRYp
VWUêþNRYpWHWLþN\EDELþN\GČGRYp
=DFKYtOLXNiåRXYiPQDãHGČWL
þtPEDYLOLVHOLGpSĜHGVWROHW\
3URMGHPþDVHPRGVYiWNXDSRãWROD2QGĜHMH
%DUERUN\0LNXOiãHLSĜHVYDWp/XFLH
ĜHNQHPHVLR9iQRFtFKDSDNãOiSQHPGRSHGiOĤ
Y\SUiYČQtXNRQþtPHX7ĜtNUiOĤ
=DþQČPHYãDNSČNQČRG]DþiWNX
OLVWRSDGXSUYQtKRWRVYiWNX
NG\OLGpĜtNDOLåHVYDWpKR2QGĜHMHVO]LFH
QDSOQtRYRFHPWUXKOLFH
SĜLEtKiVSROHþQČV GYČPD FKODSFLNHVWURPNX
6YDWê2QGĜHMXMDWREČSORWHPFKYČMXDE\VPLSRYČGČONWHUpKR
GRVWDQX
7ĜDVXWĜDVXSORWLVNRDE\SĜLãORNXPQČFKODSLVNR
R]YHVHãWČNRWSVDFKODSHFXNiåHWtPVPČUHP
-iKRVO\ãHOãWČNDOWDP
WDPFRåLMH-XUD
WRKRGREĜH]QiP
3XVĢDĢVLWDNpVWURPHP]DWĜHVXRGVRXYiVWUDQRXFKODSFH
6YDWê2QGĜHMX
MDVWURPHPFKYČMX
DE\VPLXNi]DONRKRVHQDGČMX
6HOVNX]DKUDGQLFNXFKDOXSQLFNX"
GtYiVHGRYČWYtVWURPXXNiåHMHGQtPVPČUHPD]YROi
6HOVNXVHOVNXGRVWDQX8WtNHMWH]DPQRX
.G\å2QGĜHMXåMHSU\þ
%DUERUNDPiRGDGYHQWXNOtþ
'QHVXåMHQRPWUKiPHVLQD%DUERUNXYČWYLþN\
]H]ODWpKRGHãWČDQHERWĜHãQLþN\
9 PLQXORVWLFKRGtYDO\GtYN\Y EtOpPREOHþHQp
Y UXNRXNRãWČWYiĜH]DPRXþHQp
+RGQêPGČWHPVODGNpGDURYDO\
]ORELYpSDNPHWORXSĜHV]DGQLFLY]DO\
3ĜLFKi]tY EtOpPREOHþHQpEDUERUN\Y UXNRXPDMtEĜH]RYi
NRãĢDWD
-HVWOLSDNVLGtWČKRGQpE\OR"
3DN]DWRSDVNXG\DMLQpPDãNUW\GRVWDQHã
$YiVQHKRGQp PHWORXY\ãOHKiPH
]DRGPČQXãtSN\SHFN\]HãYHVWHNDãLãN\GRVWDQHWH
0XOLVLPXOLVL
2G%DUERUN\N 0LNXOiãLXåMHMHQRPFKYLOLQND
6YDWêELVNXSDQGČOpLþHUWRYDURGLQND
Y PLQXORVWLVWHMQČMDNRGQHVND
SURFKi]HOLYHVQLFHPL6OH]VND
9þHOH]OHKNDSRVNDNXMtDQGtONRYpNRãLODWt
133
$QGČOp
0LNXOiã
Y\SUDYČþ
$PEURå
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
OXFN\
Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
NROHGQtN
NROHGQtN
Y\SUDYČþ
SDNV EtOêPYRXVHPELVNXSDþHUWLRFDVDWt
ýHUWLEOHNRWDMt]WLãtMHDå0LNXOiã
NWHUêNiåHGČWHPPRGOLWLVH2WþHQiã
DQGČOp]DþtQDMtVSROHþQČUHFLWRYDW
%LVNXSVNê0LNXOiãVYDWê
Y GDUHFK GXFKRYQtFKERKDWê
E\OURGHP] PČVWDVODYQpKR
3DWULDWDNĜHþHQpKR
'RWRKRĜHWČ]HPFKUDVWtþHUWLDEOHNRWDMt
3RNRM%RåtEXGLåWRPXGRPX
1HMPLOHMãtSDQHKRVSRGiĜL
äiGiPHYiPKRMQp%RåtSRåHKQiQt
7RĢPpSĜiQt] XSĜtPQpKRVUGFH
0LNXOiãVYRXEHUORXYãHPSRN\QHDRGFKi]tY GRSURYRGXDQGČOĤD
þHUWĤSU\þ
8åGHQSRVYDWpP0LNXOiãL
SRYHVQLFLGLYQêþORYČNNUiþt
-HWRVYDWê$PEURåVHãSLþDWRXþHSLFt
FRSURKiQtNOXN\QDãtXOLFt
1HMGĜtYHMHQRPSURMGHSRSyGLXSRWRPSĜHGQtPEČåtNOXFLDGLYRFH
NĜLþt
.GRE\QH]QDOSĜtVORYtåHVYDWi/XFLH
QRFLQHSĜLGiDGQHXSLMH"
=DGiYQêFKþDVĤQDYãWtYLOLVWDYHQt
VWUDãOLYpSRVWDY\DåVUGFHNDPHQt
9PLQXORVWLåHQiPNWHUpSHĜtGUDO\
KXVtStUNDY PåLNXUR]IRXNDO\
1DOXFN\VHQHWČãLODDQLSĜDGOHQD
EiODVHåHXNUDGQRXMtYĜHWHQD
3ĜLFKi]HMtGYČOXFN\Y EtOpPREOHþHQpQDREOLþHML] WYUGpKRNDUWRQX
GRNRUQRXWĤ]DWRþHQêFKXGČODQp]REiN\0HWORXERXFKDMtR]HPD
RSDNXMtGRNROD
-GXMGXQRFLXSLMX
29iQRFtFKE\ORYãXGHYHVHOR
GČWHP] ãiWNĤVODGNpYRQČOR
.ROHGQtNĤSOQRKODYQČQDâWČSiQD
FRVODYLOLQDUR]HQt.ULVWD3iQD
=StYDOLVLQHVXQHVXNROHGX
QHUDGLE\V QtXSDGOLQDOHGX
%\O\E\] WRKRMHQWUDPSRW\
NG\E\MLPSVLUR]WUKDOLNDOKRW\
3DQLPDPRQDW\PVUXEČ
KQLMXYDPWDPMDENDKUXEČ
GLWČY\MLFKSĜHELUDĢ
E\VWČQDPWHåPRKOLGDĢ
1ČGDYDMWČQDPMHGQRKR
ERVH]ELMHPNROHPQČKR
GDMWČQDPWĜLQHERãW\U\
DĢVHV QLPDSRGČOLP\
1HåOLĜHNQHããYHFDVOtSND]YOiGQHNURN
9iQRFHMVRXSU\þDPiPH1RYêURN
134
.GRSDNGQHVNDYtMDN]QtIDQIUQRFK"
äHE\ĜHNOQiPWRWDPWHQEOHGêKRFK"
Y\SUDYČþ
.ROHGQtFL
3NROHGQtN
4Y\SUDYČþ
Y\SUDYČþ
7ĜLNUiORYp
)DQUQRFKMHSRWDåHQêPČFKXĜLQRX
SĜLWDKiQtåtQtVH] QČMWyQ\OLQRX
.ROHGQtFLPDOt
QDQČMNG\VLKUiOL
)DQIUIDQIUIDQIUQRFK
QDVWiYiQiPQRYêURN
QRYêURNQiPQDVWiYi
NROHGDVHQDQGiYi
KR~KR~KDOHOXMi
9LQãXMXYiPãĢDVWQêDYHVHOêQRYêURN
DE\VWHVHGRþNDOL.ULVWD3iQDQDSĜHVURN
DE\YiPQLNG\QHFK\EČORFKOHED
DSRVPUWL– IXNGRQHED
.YDSHPEOtåtPHVHGRILQiOH
-HVWOLYãHQHE\ORGRNRQDOp
RGSXVĢWHQiPQČMDNpW\FK\E\
9tPHRQLFKQHMVPHVDPROLEt
&KWČOLMVPHYiPMHQRPSĜLSRPHQRXWþDV\
NWHUpE\O\SOQpWHSOpOLGVNpNUiV\
1D]iYČUWHćSR]YHPPH]LVHEH
WĜLNUiOHMHQåMDVQiKYČ]GDYHGH
3ĜLFKi]HMt]D]SČYXQDSyGLXPRVWDWQt~þLQNXMtFtVHN QLPSĜLGDMt
0\WĜLNUiORYpMGHPHN YiP
ãWČVWt]GUDYtYLQãXMHPYiP
âWČVWt]GUDYtGORXKiOpWD
P\MVPHN YiPSĜLãOL]GDOHND
&RSDNW\WDPþHUQêY]DGX
Y\VWUNXMHãQDQiVEUDGX"
135
äLYêEHWOpP
Autor
'DYLGâURP
3RVWDY\
0DULH
%tOpãDW\PRGUêSOiãĢVYDWR]iĜ
-RVHI
SDVWêĜL
'ORXKpãDW\WPDYêSOiãĢVYDWR]iĜ
'ORXKpãDW\SĜHKR]SĜHVUDPHQRNUiORYVNi NRUXQDWUXKOLþND
V P\UKRX
'ORXKpãDW\SĜHKR]SĜHVUDPHQRNUiORYVNiNRUXQDWUXKOLþND
V NDGLGOHP
'ORXKpãDW\SĜHKR]SĜHVUDPHQRWXUEDQ]DþHUQČQêREOLþHM
WUXKOLþNDVH]ODWHP
.RåHãLQRYêNDEiWSĜHVKODYXSĜHKR]] S\WORYLQ\SDVWêĜVNRXKĤO
DQGČOp
'ORXKpEtOpãDW\QDKODYČKYČ]GDNĜtGOD
IRWEDOLVWp
IRWEDORYêGUHVIRWEDORYêPtþ
ãNROQtGČWL
%ČåQpREOHþHQtDNWRYND
PXGUF
PXGUF
PXGUF
3RPĤFN\
+YČ]GDQDW\þLSURDQGČO\
-HVOHVHVOiPRX
+DGURYiSDQHQNDV\PEROL]XMtFt-HåtãH
3ĜtVWĜHãHN
136
9\SUDYČþ
$QGČO
0DULH
$QGČO
0DULH
9\SUDYČþ
-RVHI
9\SUDYČþ
0DULH
-RVHI
+RVWLQVNê
9\SUDYČþ
SDVWêĜ
SDVWêĜ
SDVWêĜ
VFpQD =YČVWRYiQt3iQČ
'tYN\LPOiGHQFLYiåHQpGiP\FWLKRGQtSiQRYpSĜLSRPHĖPHVL
SUDVWDUêSĜtEČKNWHUêVHXGiOSĜHGYtFHQHåGYČPDWLVtFLOHW\
Y GDOHNp3DOHVWLQČDNWHUêQiP]D]QDPHQDOOpNDĜ/XNiãYHVYpP
HYDQJHOLX.G\åE\OD$OåEČWDY ãHVWpPPČVtFLE\ODQGČO*DEULHO
SRVOiQRG%RKDGRJDOLOHMVNpKRPČVWDNWHUpVHMPHQXMH1D]DUHW
k SDQQČ]DVQRXEHQpPXåLMPpQHP-RVHI3ĜLVWRXSLON QtDĜHNO
%Xć]GUiYDPLORVWt]DKUQXWi3iQV WHERX1HERMVH0DULDYåG\Ģ
MVLQDOH]ODPLORVWX%RKD+OHSRþQHãDSRURGtãV\QDDGiãPX
MPpQR-Håtã7HQEXGHYHOLNêDEXGHQD]YiQV\QHP1HMY\ããtKR
-DNVHWRPĤåHVWiWYåG\ĢQHåLMLV PXåHP"
6HVWRXStQDWHEH'XFKVYDWêSURWRLWYpGtWČEXGHVYDWpDEXGH
QD]YiQR6\Q%Råt8%RKDQHQtQLFQHPRåQpKR
+OHMVHPVOXåHEQLFH3iQČVWDĖVHPLSRGOHWYpKRVORYD
'XãHPiYHOHEt3iQDDPĤMGXFKMiViY %RKXPpPVSDVLWHOLåHVH
VNORQLONHVYpVOXåHEQLFLY MHMtPSRQtåHQt
VFpQD&HVWDGR%HWOpPD
2GHYČWPČVtFĤSR]GČMLE\ORWR]DFtVDĜH$XJXVWDY\ãORQDĜt]HQt
DE\E\OSRFHOpPVYČWČSURYHGHQVRXSLVOLGX9ãLFKQLPXåãWt
SRWRPFLVHPXVHOLQHFKDW]DSVDWYHVYpPURGQpPPČVWČ,-RVHI
V 0DULtVHY\GDOL] *DOLOHMHGR-XGVNDPČVWD%HWOpPXNGHVH
-RVHIQDURGLO
3RVDćVH0DULHQDNRQtNDFHVWDMHGORXKiDW\VHPXVtããHWĜLW
3RĜiGP\VOtPQDWRMDNVHPL]MHYLOYHVQXDQGČODĜHNOÄ-RVHIH
V\QX'DYLGĤYQHERMVHSĜLMPRXW0DULLVYRXPDQåHONXQHERĢFR
Y QtE\ORSRþDWRMH] 'XFKDVYDWpKR
$OHXåVHQH]GUåXMPHDY\UD]PHQDFHVWX
'RSURYRćPH-RVHIDV 0DULtGR%HWOpPD
VFpQD .ODQČQtVHQDUR]HQpPX.UiOL
-RVHIHP\VOtPåHVHQDSOQLO\PpGQ\PXVtãU\FKOHVHKQDWVWĜHFKX
QDGKODYRXDE\FKPRKODY WHSOHDVXFKXSRURGLWQDãHKRV\QD
1HERMVH0DULHXUþLWČQČFRVHåHQXN E\GOHQt/LGpQHPiWH
YROQRXVYČWQLþNX"0iåHQDEXGHURGLW1HPiWHDOHVSRĖYROQRX
NRPĤUNXPDOLQNêSRNRMtþHNSURVtPYiVQHPiWHYROQêSRNRM"
0iWHþORYČþHUR]XP".YĤOLVþtWiQtOLGXPiPXåYãHFKQ\SRNRMH
SOQp MHVWOLDOHRSUDYGXQHPiWHNGHE\VWHKODYXVORåLOLEČåWH
GR]DGXNGHMVRXYHFKOpYČXVWiMHQtNUDYNDV RVOtNHP
3URWRåHVHSĜLEOtåLODKRGLQDNG\0DULHPČODSRURGLWVYpKRV\QD
E\OLUiGLDOHVSRĖ]DWXWRQDEtGNX.G\åVH0DULLQDURGLO-Håtã
]DYLQXODMHMGRSOHQHNDSRORåLODGRMHVOt
=DWtPRQČNROLNNLORPHWUĤGiOHVHY NUDMLQČSRGãLUêPQHEHP
FKRXOLOLXRKêQNXSDVWêĜLDE\VHSRVWXSQČSRGKYČ]GDPL
Y\VWĜtGDOLY KOtGNiFKXVYpKRVWiGD
(1. a 2. SDVWêĜVHGtXRKQČSDVWêĜVWRMtRSRGiORSĜHQê o KĤO
=LPDMHSRĜiGQi&KFHWRQRVLWXåGYRMHSRQRåN\
$EHUDQLFLQDYUFKěHNQXYiPFKODSLåHSRGKYČ]GDPLMHKH]N\
DOHY OpWČ7HćE\FKWRYLGČOVStãHQDWHSORXSRVWHO
9\VLWDNPiWHQDFRVWČåRYDW6HGtWHXRKêQNXDQDGiYiWHQD
]LPX
137
$QGČO
$QGČOpYãLFKQL
SDVWêĜ
DSDVWêĜ
9\SUDYČþ
PXGUF
PXGUF
PXGUF
9\SUDYČþ
åiN
åiN
$QGČO
åiN
åiN
9\SUDYČþ
1HERMWHVHKOH]YČVWXMLYiPYHOLNRXUDGRVWNWHUiEXGHSUR
YãHFKHQOLG'QHVVHYiPQDURGLO6SDVLWHO.ULVWXV3iQY PČVWČ
'DYLGRYČ
6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKXDQD]HPLSRNRMPH]LOLGPL%ĤKY QLFK
Pi]DOtEHQt
3RMćPHGR%HWOpPDDSRGtYHMPHVHQDWRFRVHWDPVWDORMDNQiP
3iQR]QiPLO
3RMćPHWRVLQHVPtPHQHFKDWXMtW3RVSČãPHYãDNVHQiPRYHþN\
QHUR]XWHþRX
SDVWêĜLY\FKi]HMtN MHVOtPSRNORQLWVHQDUR]HQpPXNUiOL
.G\åSDVWêĜLQDOH]OL-RVHIDV 0DULtDPDOpGČĢiWNRY MHVOtFK
SRORåHQpY\SUiYČOLMLPFRDQGČOpSRYČGČOLRMHMLFKGČĢiWNX
3RWRPVHYUiWLOLNHVYpPXVWiGXRVODYXMtFH%RKD]DYãHFKQRFR
VO\ãHOLDYLGČOLMDNMLPWRE\ORĜHþHQR
$Y WpVDPpGREČSĜLFKi]HOLRGYêFKRGXPXGUFLNWHĜtQiVOHGRYDOL
KYČ]GXNWHUiR]QDPRYDODQDUR]HQtNUiOH
3iQRYpQHYtPMHVWOLMGHPHVSUiYQČQHPRKOLMVPH VHMtW"$QHE\OL
MVPHSĜtOLãXNYDSHQLNG\åMVPHVHY\GDOLQDFHVWX]DKYČ]GRXFR
SREOLNiYiQDREOR]H"
-HQRPEUDWĜHQHSRFK\EXM9åG\ĢMHWDKYČ]GDVWiOHMDVQČMãt
7LSXMLåHMVPHXNRQFHQDãtFHVW\
6RXKODVtPQH]DSRPHĖFRSUDYLOSURURN
$W\%HWOpPHY ]HPL-XGVNp
]GDOHNDQHMVLQHMPHQãtPH]LNQtåDW\MXGVNêPL
QHERĢ] WHEHY\MGHYpYRGD
NWHUêEXGHSDVWêĜHPPpKROLGX,]UDHOH
$WDKYČ]GDNWHURXYLGČOLQDYêFKRGČãODSĜHGQLPLDåVH
]DVWDYLODQDGPtVWHPNGHE\ORWRGtWČ9HãOLGRGRPXDXYLGČOL
GtWČV 0DULtMHKRPDWNRXSDGOLQD]HPNODQČOLVHPXDREČWRYDOL
PXSĜLQHVHQpGDU\– ]ODWRNDGLGORDP\UKX
7DG\E\QiãSĜtEČKPRKOVNRQþLW9ãHFR]D]QDPHQDOLHYDQJHOLVWp
Y 3tVPXRKOHGQČQDUR]HQt3iQČMVPHYiPSĜHGYHGOL3ĜHVWRMVPH
VHFKWČOL]DP\VOHWQDGWtPFRE\VHVWDORNG\E\VH0DULL
V -RVHIHPQHQDURGLO-HåtãSĜHGGYČPDWLVtFLOHW\DOHQDURGLOE\Ve
GQHV1DãHOE\VHQČNGRNGRE\E\ORFKRWHQQiVOHGRYDWKYČ]GX"
1DãHOE\VHQČNGRNGRE\XSRVOHFKOKODVXDQGČOĤDãHOE\VH
SRNORQLWQDUR]HQpPXNUiOLGR%HWOpPD"0iPQDGČMLåHDQR$
WĜHEDE\WRY\SDGDORWDNWR
9\EtKiFKODSHFV þHSLFtY ruce a vROiQDVSROXåiNDþHSLFtPX
PiFKiSĜHGREOLþHMHP
&K\ĢVLPČQRQDQDQDWDG\PiãþHSLþNX1HFK\WtQHFK\Wt
1HEOEQLDYUDĢPLWXþHSNXQHERXYLGtã$åWČFK\WtPWDNVLWR
V WHERXY\ĜtGtP
1HERMWHVHKOH]YČVWXMLYiPYHOLNRXUDGRVWNWHUiEXGHSUR
YãHFKHQOLG'QHVVHYiPQDURGLO6SDVLWHO.ULVWXV3iQY PČVWČ
'DYLGRYČ
&RWRE\OR"1DYH]PLVLUDGČMLWXþHSNX
$ĢWRE\ORFRWRE\ORE\ORWRIDNWGRVWGREUêP\VOtPåHE\FKRP
PČOLSRVOHFKQRXWDMtWVHSRGtYDWGRWRKR%HWOpPD
$GČWLãO\DQDOH]O\-RVHIDV 0DULtDPDOpGČĢiWNRY MHVOtFK
SRORåHQp$SURWRåHXVHEHQHPČO\QLFNURPČVYDþLQ\NWHURXMLP
138
IRWEDOLVWD
IRWEDOLVWD
IRWEDOLVWD
IRWEDOLVWa
9\SUDYČþ
$QGČOp
PDPLQN\QDFK\VWDO\GRãNRO\DNWHURXRYHONpSĜHVWiYFH
QHVQČGO\QHFKDO\DOHVSRĖWRXMHVOtY %HWOpPČ
$] WUpQLQNXVHYUDFHOLNOXFLNWHĜtVLQDMHGQRXYãLPOL]YOiãWQt
KYČ]G\NWHUiY\SDGDODåHQDQČSRPUNiYi$SURWRåHWRE\OL
NOXFL]YČGDYtUR]KRGOLVHKYČ]GXQiVOHGRYDW
.OXFLYLGtWHWRVDPpFRMi"7DKYČ]GDQDQiVVQDGPUNi7R
PXVtPHĜtFWĜHGLWHOLDRQXGČOi] WRKRSURMHNWÄPUNDMtFtKYČ]GD³
7RMHIDNWGLYQpWRFKFHSUR]NRXPDW.GRMGHVHPQRX"
-iMGXWRMHMDVQpWRFKFHIDNWSUR]NRXPDW
-iMGXWDN\WRFKFHIDNWSUR]NRXPDW
$SĜLãOLQHMHQ RQLDOHLGDOãtGČWLNWHUpXVO\ãHO\DQiVOHGRYDO\KODV
DQGČOĤ
6OiYDQDYêVRVWHFK%RKXDQD]HPLSRNRMPH]LOLGPL%ĤKY QLFK
Pi]DOtEHQt
139
Autor
3DVWêĜVNpSĜtEČK\
/XGPLOD5H]NRYi
QiPČW] NQLK\ ViQRþQtSĜtEČK\SURSRWČFKXGXãH %UXQR)HUUHUa
3RVWDY\
3DVWêĜL
.RåHãLQRYêNDEiWSĜHVKODYXSĜHKR]] S\WORYLQ\SDVWêĜVNi KĤO
'ČGHþHNSDVWêĜ
.RåHãLQRYêNDEiWEHUDQLFHSDVWêĜVNi KĤO
.RåHãLQRYêNDEiWSĜHVKODYXSĜHKR]] p\WORYLQ\SDVWêĜVNi KĤO
KUDMtFtQD]REFRYRXIOpWQX
.RåHãLQRYêNDEiWSĜHVKODYX SĜHKR]] S\WORYLQ\SDVWêĜVNiKĤO
9QXNSDVWêĜ
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
$QGČOp
+ODGRYpGČWL
'ORXKpEtOpãDW\QDKODYČKYČ]GDNĜtGOD
0ĤåHEêWREOHþHQêGRVWDUãtFKNDOKRWNRãLOHKĤOYDULDQWRXPĤåH
EêWREOHþHQtQRYRGREpKRWXULVW\
/LERYROQpGČWVNpREOHþHQt
2SXãWČQiåHQD
âiWHNSĜHVKODYXãDW\DSOiãĢ
0DULH
%tOpãDW\PRGUêSOiãĢVYDWR]iĜ
-RVHI
'ORXKpãDW\WPDYêSOiãĢVYDWR]iĜ
2YHþN\
%tOpþHSFHV QDãLWêPDXãLPD
ät]QtFtSRXWQtN
3RPĤFN\
KYČ]GDQDW\þLSURDQGČO\
MHVOHVHVOiPRX
KDGURYiSDQHQNDV\PEROL]XMtFt-HåtãH
pĜtVWĜHãHN
ÒYRG
Nastoupená VNXSLQND~þLQNXMtFtFKGČWtVHVWĜtGiY SĜHGQHVX
7DN]DVHSĜLãO\9iQRFHVYiWN\OiVN\DPtUX
0\NĜHVĢDQpVODYtPHDSURMHYXMHPYtUX
äHSUiYČSURQiV%RåtV\QVHQDURGLO
$E\VYČWQDGČMtQDVSDVHQtREURGLO
-DNWRDOHSĜHGGYČPDWLVtFLOHWE\OR"
&RVHWHKG\PH]LOLGPLY\SUiYČOR"
&RR3iQX-HåtãLVO\ãHOL
$MDNVHQDQČMWČãLOL"
2WRPQiP%LEOHY\SUiYtDIDQWD]LHQDSRYt
0\YiPWXVSROX]DKUDMHPMDNWRPRKOREêW
2YHþN\
3DVWêĜL
'ČGHþHN
3DVWêĜL
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
2VWDWQtSDVWêĜL
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
VFpQD3DVWêĜLDMHMLFKRYHþN\
Kulisa s NUDMLQRXSRGKRUDPL
YFKi]HMtD]StYDMtQDQiSČYþHVNpQiURGQtStVQČÄ.G\åMVHPSOHOD
OHQ³QiVOHGRYDQpSDVWêĜL9QXNGRSURYi]tQD]REFRYRXIOpWQX
-GRXRYHþN\ MGRX
MHGQD]DGUXKRX
=DSDVWêĜLFXSLWDMt
nD]YRQHþN\Y\]YiQČMt
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
MHGQD]DGUXKRX
3DVWêĜĤPVYêPGĤYČĜXMt
åHMHN SDVWYČSĜLYiGČMt
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
7DG\VH]DVWDYtPH1RFXåVHEOtåtDWDG\MHSČNQpPtVWRSURWiERU
7HþHWXĜtþNDDNROHPMHSČNQiWUiYD 2YHþN\VHWXQDSDVRXDP\VL
RGSRþLQHPH
5R]GČOiPHRKHĖDSRVHGtPH
XVDGtVHN RGSRþLQNXQDSĜQDÄNDPHQ\³] SRO\VW\UHQXNWHUpVH
VQDGQRSĜHPLVĢXMt
KOHGtGRQHEH 21SĜLMGH
.GR".GR"
3ĜHFLQRYêNUiO
$NG\"
%U]\
7RXUþLWČětNiãWRWROLNOHWDSRĜiGVHQLFQHGČMH
%XGHPtW]ODWRXNRUXQX"
$QR
$VWĜtEUQêPHþ"
-LVWČ
$NUiORYVNêSOiãĢ"
7RYtãåHDQR
7DNWRMiEXGX]DVHFYLþLWQDStãĢDONXDE\FKPRKONUiOHSĜLYtWDWDå
MHGQRXSĜLMGH]DþQHKUiWQDStãĢDONX
141
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
9\SUDYČþ
$QGČOp
3DVWêĜL
$QGČOp
'ČGHþHN
3DVWêĜL
9QXN
3DVWêĜL
$QGČOp
'ČGHþHN
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
3DVWêĜL
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
SRVORXFKi=DKUiOE\VWDNpNUiOLEH]NRUXQ\EH]PHþHD
NUiORYVNpKRSOiãWČ"
.GHSDN7DNRYêNUiOE\PČSĜHFLDQLQHRGPČQLO
SRVPXWQt7DNXåWRKRQHFKDVSL
YãLFKQLVHXORåtNHVSiQNXMHQVWDUêSDVWêĜMHãWČEGt
3URþMHQMVHPPXVOLERYDOY FRViPQHYČĜtP9åG\ĢDQLQHYtPMDN
YODVWQČPiNUiOSĜLMtW6HVWRXSt] REODNX"3ĜLMGH] QH]QiPD"1DURGt
VHMDNRGtWČ"%XGHFKXGêQHERERKDWê"
8UþLWČVHREMHYtEH]NRUXQ\EH]SOiãWČDPHþHDOHSĜHVWREXGH
PRFQČMãtQHåYãLFKQLRVWDWQtNUiORYp7DNWRDOHVSRĖSUDYtVORYD
GiYQpKRSURURND
$OHMDNMHQWRY\VYČWOLWPDOpPXFKODSFL"RGPOþtVH
.påE\XåSĜLãHOEU]\(a tak\]DYĜHRþLNHVSiQNX
þWHQt] %LEOH– (YDQJHOLXPSRGOH/XNiãHNDSLWRODYHUãDå
SĜLFKi]HMtV KYČ]GRX]StYDMtDKUDMtNROHGX
9]KĤUXEUDWĜtPLOtY WpWRQRþQtFKYtOL
$QGČO3iQČ]StYi*ORULD
$MFRPiWREêWL
nDG%HWOpPHPVYtWt
nRFtWPDYRXKYČ]GD]iĜLYi
V~OHNHPVHEXGt&RWRMH"&RVHGČMH"-DNpGLYQp]QDPHQtVHWRQD
QHELXND]XMH"
1HERMWHVHKOH]YČVWXMLYiPYHOLNRXUDGRVWNWHUiEXGHSURYãHFKHQ
OLG'QHVVHYiPQDURGLO6SDVLWHO.ULVWXV3iQ%RåtV\QNUiOYãHFK
NUiOĤ
SRNOHNQHDUDGRVWQČYROi'RþNDOMVHPVH3URURNRYDVORYDVH
QDSOQLOD3ĜLãHO%RåtV\QQRYêNUiO
7DNVHY\GHMPHSR]GUDYLWMHMDSRNORQLWVHPX
$MiPX]DKUDMXQDVYRXStãĢDONX
EDOtYãHFKQ\YČFL]UXãtWiERU- RGYDOtÄNDPHQ\³FK\VWDMtVHQD
FHVWX$OHMDNKRQDMGHPHNDPVHPiPHY\GDW"
1DURGLOVHY %HWOpPČPČVWČ'DYLGRYČ7RWRYiPEXGH]D]QDPHQt
1DOH]QHWHGČĢiWNROHåtFtY MHVOtFK
3ĤMGHPHWHG\]DWRXMDVQRXKYČ]GRXNWHUiQiPMHKRSĜtFKRG
R]QiPLOD7DQiVN QČPXMLVWČGRYHGH
$MiSĤMGXQDSĜHGPXVtPPXU\FKOHGRQpVWVYRMHGDU\
6HĜDGtVH3DVWêĜ-RQiãMHSUYQtQDĜDGČN RGFKRGX=StYDMtDKUDMt
NROHGXÄ7HG\SRåHQHPDKRQHP³DQD]iYČUSRVWXSQČRGFKi]HMt]a
KYČ]GRX NWHURX RGQiãHMt $QGČOp RGFKi]HMtFt SĜHG QLPL ]H VFpQ\
2YHþN\EČåtYSĜHGXMDNRE\SDVWêĜLRGKiQČOLVWiGR
7HG\SRåHQHPDKRQHP
GR%HWOpPDP\SĤMGHP
3RåHQHPDKRQHP
GR%HWOpPDP\SĤMGHP
7\YH]PHãStãĢDONXMiGXG\PiP
3ĤMGHPHN MHVOLþNiP, ]DKUDMHPWDP
VFpQD3DVWêĜQHVHGDU\
3DVWêĜ-RQiãSRFKRGXMHQDPtVWČ1HVHEUDãQXV ODKYLFt
ERFKQtþNHPVêUDDRYþtNĤåt
8EtKiPLGORXKiFHVWD
kG\åPČYHGHMDVQiKYČ]GD
142
$åGRMGXN %HWOpPXY GiOL
oGHY]GiPVYpGDU\NUiOL
3RXWQtN
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
3RXWQtN
'ČWL
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
'ČWL
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
äHQD
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
äHQD
1HVXPXODKYLFLYtQD
ERFKQtþHNRYþtKRVêUD
$WHSORXRYþtKRXQLPiP
nRYpPXNUiOLWRYãHFKQRGiP
QDSURWLSDVWêĜLSĜLFKi]tXQDYHQêSRXWQtN-RQiãVH]DVWDYt
=GUDYtPWČSRXWQtNX3URVtPWČSRPR]PL'HVHWGQtMVHPEORXGLO
PH]LVNDODPLQHQDãHOMVHPYRGX8PtUiPåt]Qt
-iYRGXQHPiP&RMHQE\FKWLGDO"
$OHPiPODKYLFLYtQD7XWLGiP=DåHQHåt]HĖLKODG
'ČNXMLWLGREURGLQþHQDSLMHVHDRGHMGH
]QRYXVHGi3DVWêĜ-RQiãQDÄSRFKRG³
8EtKiPLGORXKiFHVWD
.G\åPČYHGHMDVQiKYČ]GD
1HPiPXåODKYLFLYtQD
miPERFKQtNRYþtKRVêUD
a WHSORXRYþtKRXQLPiP
nRYpPXNUiOLWRYãHFKQRGiP
QDSURWLMGRXGYČKODGRYpGČWL-RQiãVH]DVWDYt
'REUêGHQSDVWêĜL3URVtPHSRPR]QiP
1LNRKRQHPiPHRVRXVWRåHEUiPH'ORXKRMVPHQHMHGO\
&KXGLQN\PDOp&RMHQE\FKYiPGČWLGDO"
9tWHFR"0iPERFKQtþHNRYþtKRVêUDDWHQYiPGiP
+ODGHPYiVXPĜtWQHQHFKiP
'ČNXMHPHWLGREURGLQþHRGFKi]HMt
(zQRYXVHGi-RQiãQDÄSRFKRG³
8EtKiPLGORXKiFHVWD
kG\åPČYHGHMDVQiKYČ]GD
1HPiPXåODKYLFLYtQD
nHPiPXåERFKQtþHNVêUD
aOHWHSORXRYþtKRXQLPiP
nRYpPXNUiOLMiMLGiP
QDSURWLPXSĜLFKi]tSURPU]OiåHQDFKRXOtFtVH]LPRX
&RVHWXFKRXOtãXERKiåHQR"
=LPRXVHWĜHVXSRXWQtNX1HPiPNGHKODYXVORåLW1HPiPVHDQL
þtP]DKDOLW -VHPVDPDQDVYČWČVDPRWLQNi
-DNMHQE\FKWLSRPRKO"
9tãW\FR"3ĜLNU\MVHPRMtRYþtKRXQt-HWHSOiSČNQČWČ]DKĜHMH
'ČNXMLWLGREURGLQþH]DKDOtVHDRGHMGH
1HPiPXåODKYLFLYtQD
nHPiPXåERFKQtþHNVêUD
WHSORXRYþtKRXQLXå QHPiP
143
-DVQiKYČ]GDVYtWtY GiOL
1HPiPXåFRE\FKGDONUiOL
6YpNURN\]SiWN\REUiWtP
.HVYêPEUDWUĤPVHQDYUiWtP
RGHMGH]HVFpQ\
3DVWêĜL
'ČGHþHN
3DVWêĜ-RQiã
'ČGHþHN
0DULH
-RVHI
0DULH
$QGČOp
VFpQD6KOHGiQt
SĜLMGRXSDVWêĜLV RYHþNDPLQDFHVWXMLPVYtWtKYČ]GD
'ORXKiMHQDãHFHVWDDOHDVSRĖQH]DEORXGtPHNG\åQiVYHGHWD
MDVQiKYČ]GDQDQHEL.GHSDNDVLMH-RQiã
9\GDOVHQDSĜHGDOHMH~SOQČViP
-RQiãVPXWQČSĜLFKi]t
$SRGtYHMPHWDG\MH
3URþSDNMVL-RQiãLWDNVPXWQê"=DEORXGLOMVL"6WDORVHWLQČFR"
1H]DEORXGLOMVHP+YČ]GDPČYHGOD
$OHXåQHPiPåiGQpGDU\SUR%RåtKRV\QDQRYpKRNUiOH9tQR
MVHPGDOåt]QLYpPXVêUKODGRYêPGČWHPKRXQtMVHP]DKDOLO
RSXãWČQRXåHQX
&RSDNPRKXSĜHGVWRXSLWSĜHG%RåtKRV\QDV SUi]GQêPDUXNDPD"
%H]GDUĤ"-DNRXSRFWXE\FKPXWDNSURNi]DO"
$DQLMVHPKRQHQDãHO$VLMVHPSĜHFLMHQVHãHO] FHVW\
SRKODGtKR
,QHVHãHOMVL] FHVW\6SUiYQČMVLMHGQDO7tPåHMVLREGDURYDO
SRWĜHEQp%RåtKR6\QDMVLREGDURYDO3DPDWXMåH%ĤKPiOLGLWROLN
UiGåHYãHFKQRFRSURQČXGČOiãMDNRE\VXGČODOSURQČM
$WHćXåVHQH]GUåXMPHDSRVStFKHMPHGR%HWOpPD
YãLFKQLVSROHþQČ]DVHRGHMGRX]HVFpQ\
VFpQD3ĜtFKRG0DULHD-RVHID
(kulisa – 6NDOQtFKOpYV MHVOHPLVHVHQHP
SĜLFKi]t-RVHISRGStUiXQDYHQRX0DULLV GtWČWHPY QiUXþL
$FK -RVHIH Mi Xå QHPĤåX GiO MtW -VHP WDN VWUDãQČ XQDYHQi 'tWČ
MVHPSRURGLODSRGãLUêPQHEHP3DGiQRFDP\VWiOHQHPiPHNGH
KODYXVORåLW
-HPLWRWDNOtWR0DULH&HOê%HWOpPMHSOQêOLGt9ãLFKQLSĜLãOLDE\
VH]DSVDOLGRVþtWiQtOLGXNWHUpFtVDĜQDĜtGLO9ãXGHXåE\ORSOQR
XNiåHQDFKOpY
$OHSRGtYHMWDPKOHMHFKOpY-HWDPVXFKRD WHSORRG]YtĜDW8ORåtã
VHLV GČĢiWNHPGRVHQDDRGSRþLQHãVL
7RMVHPPRFUiGD3iQX%RKXGtN\]DWRåHVHPiPHNRQHþQČNGH
XNUêWSĜHGFKODGHPQRFL8ORåtPV\QiþNDGRMHVOtMDNRGRNROpEN\
XVHGQHYHGOHMHVOtDKODGtGČĢiWNRYHGOHFKOpYDVH SRVWDYtDQGČOp
s KYČ]GRX0DULHSRKOpGQHY]KĤUXDXNiåHQDKYČ]GXNWHURXQHVRX
DQGČOp
$MDNWDMDVQiKYČ]GDQDGQiPL]iĜtMDNRE\PpKRV\QDYtWDOD
KUDMtD]StYDMtNROHGX
&KWtFDE\VSDOWDN]StYDODV\QiþNRYL
0DWNDMHåSRQRFRYDODPLOiþNRYL
6SLQHEHVGtWČPLORVWQp
3iQMVLD%ĤK
3ČMHWLY OiVFHFHOêUiMSR]HPVNêOXK
144
2YHþN\
3DVWêĜL
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
'ČGHþHN
9QXN
9ãLFKQL
VFpQD3ĜtFKRGSDVWêĜĤ
YFKi]HMtD]StYDMtQDQiSČYÄ.G\åMVHPSOHODOHQ³MVRX
QiVOHGRYiQ\SDVWêĜL9QXNMHGRSURYi]tQD]REFRYRXIOpWQX
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
MHGQD]DGUXKRX
=DSDVWêĜLFXSLWDMt
nD]YRQHþN\Y\]YiQČMt
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
MHGQD]DGUXKRX
3DVWêĜĤPVYêPGĤYČĜXMt
åHMHN SDVWYČSĜLYiGČMt
-GRXRYHþN\MGRX
2YHþN\GR]StYDMtDUR]ORåtVHQDRNUDMSyGLD3DVWêĜLVHVHĜDGt
straQRX
7DNVHPQiVGRYHGODWDKYČ]GD-HWRWDNMDNQiPĜHNOLDQGČOp
7DG\OHåtGČĢiWNRRYLQXWpSOHQNDPLY MHVOtFK
3RNOHNQRXYãLFKQLNURPČYQXNDDGČGHþND
SRVWUNXMHYQXNDGRSĜHGX
7DNEČåGtWČD]DKUDM%RåtPX6\QXQDãHPXNUiOL D6SDVLWHOL
]GUiKiVH
7RWHG\QHWRKOHQHQtåiGQêNUiO1HPiNRUXQXDQLPHþDQLSOiãĢ
7RPXMiKUiWQHEXGX
6iPMVHPQHYČGČOMDNEXGHY\SDGDWDåSĜLMGH-DNMVHPWLWRWHG\
PRKOY\VYČWOLW"$OHMHWRRSUDYGX2Q+YČ]GDQiVN QČPXGRYHGOD
-HKRNUiORYVWYtQHQt] WRKRWRVYČWD-HKRNRUXQRXMH%RåtVYČWOR
MHKRPHþHPEXGH%RåtVORYRDMHKRSOiãWČPMHY\NRXSHQtNWHUp
SĜLQHVHYãHPSRNROHQtPOLGtQDWRPWRVYČWČ
1HYiKHMD]DKUDMVYpPXQRYpPXNUiOL
YiKDYČSĜLVWRXStN MHVOLþNiPKOHGtQDGtWČSDNVHREUiWtN
GČGHþNRYL
0iãSUDYGXGČGHþNX-HWR%RåtGtWČ$MiPXWHG\]DKUDMXMDN
QHMOpSHGRYHGX
KUDMHSDNVHYãLFKQLSĜLGDMt]SČYHP
1DURGLOVH.ULVWXV3iQYHVHOPHVH
] UĤåHNYtWHNY\NYHWQiPUDGXMPHVH
Z åLYRWDþLVWpKR] URGXNUiORYVNpKR
niPQiPQDURGLOVH
145
08'5&,2'9é&+2'8
Autor
7RPiã$GiPHN
3RVWDY\
0HOLFKDU
2EOHþHQGRGORXKpKRSOiãWČQDKODYČWXUEDQGDOHNRKOHG
%DOWD]DU
2EOHþHQGRGORXKpKRSOiãWČQDKODYČWXUEDQ
.DãSDU
2EOHþHQGRGORXKpKRSOiãWČQDKODYČWXUEDQKYČ]GQiPDSD
+HURGHV
.UiORYVNêSOiãĢNRUXQDåH]OR
'YRĜDQ
.UiWNêNDEiWHFNUDĢDV\ãWUDPSOH
5DEEL
7PDYêSOiãĢQDKODYČNORERXNQHERMDUPXONX
-RVHI
-HGQREDUHYQêSOiãĢSĜHVKODYXSODFKHWNXKĤO
0DULe
'ORXKêSĜHKR]SĜHVKODYXQHMOpSHPRGUpEDUY\
3RPĤFN\
Zlato
.DGLGOR
0\UKD
'DOHNRKOHG
HYČ]GQiPDSD
.oruna
äH]OR
HĤO
146
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
.0%
VFpQD 5R]SUDYDPXGUFĤQD'iOQpPYêFKRGČ
.DãSDUHSRGtYHM9LGtã"+YČ]GD
3iQRYpWRKOHVHPLQČMDNQH]Gi
9LGtãMDNVYtWt%DOWD]DUH"
7RKYČ]G\QHGČODMtNG\åMVRXVWDUp
3ĜiWHOpGHMWHQDPiVORYD
tRQHPĤåHEêWQLFQHåQRYD
.ROHJRP\VOtåHVHPêOtã
ěHNQXWLFRQDQHELYLGtã
NRQMXQNFL6DWXUQDV -XSLWHUHP
3ĜHFHVHRWRQHSRSHUH
9åG\ĢWXKOHKYČ]GX%ĤKQiPGiYi
DSĜLFKi]tN QiPMHKRVOiYD
0\VOtãåHMHWR]QDPHQt"
$OHFRQDãHXPČQt"
.GH]ĤVWDQHSDNQDãHYČGD"
9ČĜLWQHVPtNGRSUDYGXKOHGi
þORYČþHNGHMVLQHFKDOUR]XP"
5R]XPtP0DOêPL9HONêPYR]ĤP
]QiP2ULRQL.XĜiWND
DOHWRKOH"7R]QtMDNSRKiGND
-HQSRþNHMQHFKKRGRPOXYLW
0RKORE\QDWRPQČFREêW
0ČMWHPČWĜHED]DEOi]QD
DOHMHGQRYiPĜHNQX%ĤKQiV]Qi
7DKYČ]GDMHWXNYĤOLQiP
0iPHMtW]DQt– QČNDP«QČNDPWDP
-DNRNG\E\FKWRQHYČGČO
7tPVPČUHPOHåt,]UDHO
WD]HPČSRYČU\DWPiĜVWYt
FRQHVWDUiVHRKYČ]GiĜVWYt
EUiQtVHYČGČDSRNURNX
.DPQiVWRYHGHãSURURNX"
3RVORXFKHMSĜHFHFRQiPĜtNi
7DKYČ]GDQDQiVYiåQČEOLNi
0\VOtãåHPLWtPYH]PHãGHFK"
1HVO\ãHOVQLNG\RSXO]DUHFK"
1ČFRWLĜHNQXQDSQLVOXFK
MHVWOLFKFHãYČGČWP\MVPH%ĤK
+UDMHãVL%DOWD]DUHQDPXGUFH
DOH%RKXMVLX]DYĜHOVYpVUGFH
3RVORXFKHMFKYtOLWHQWLFKêKODV«
VO\ãtã"7DKYČ]GDYROi]DV
7RMVHPEOi]HQ2SUDYGXMLVO\ãtP
ětNiPLåH]E\WHþQČVHS\ãQtP
VYRXPRXGURVWtäH%ĤKMHQDGHPQRX
ětNiDĢ]DQtMGHPHWPRX
åHSRĜiGV QiPLSROHWt«
«åHQiVYHGHN GtWČWL«
«DåHWRGtWČEXGHNUiOHP
-GHPH6PČU,]UDHO6PČU-HUX]DOpP
147
+HURGHV
0HOLFKDU
+HURGHV
.DãSDU
'YRĜDQ
+HURGHV
%DOWD]DU
+HURGHV
'YRĜDQ
.DãSDU
+HURGHV
0HOLFKDU
+HURGHV
5iEt
+HURGHV
5iEt
+HURGHV
.DãSDU
VFpQD9 -HUX]DOpPČQDDXGLHQFLX+HURGD
.DåGêGHQWROLNGHOHJDFt
Då] WRKRþORYČNPiOHP]YUDFt
&RWDG\FKWČMtWLKYČ]GiĜL"
%Xć]GUiYyPRFQêYODGDĜL
&RåHYiVSĜLYiGtQDWDWRPtVWD"
+OHGiPHQRYpKRNUiOHD.ULVWD
+OXSiNXSĜHGWHERXMHNUiO
%êWWHERXãHOE\FKUDGãLGiO
-HQRPVHQHERMSĜtWHOL
2QLWRYHãNROHQHPČOL
1ČFRPLSRYČ]WHRQRYpPNUiOL
-DNRQČPYtWHY WDNpGiOL"
%ĤKQiPGDO]QDPHQtPOXYtFtKYČ]GX
2QDQiVYRODODWHQNUiWSĜLRGMH]GX
0OXYtFtKYČ]GD]DMtPDYp«
-DNYtWHåHWR]QDPHQtMHSUDYp"
-DNFKFHWHNHNUiOLQDMtWFHVWX"
2QLVLP\VOtåHXMGRXWUHVWX
0\ VLFHQHYtPHNGHKOHGDWGtWČ
3iQ%ĤKYãDNYHGH QiVGLYQČDVNU\WČ
3RYHGHQiVLGiONG\åEXGHFKWtW
7DNSĜHFHQHYtWHNDPPiWHMtW
&KFHWH-OLWDNYiPSRUDGtP
MHQFR VL]DYROiPVYĤMWêP
YHOHNQČ]HD]iNRQtN\
ÏGtN\NUiOL9ĜHOpGtN\
.GHMVRXWLPRMLSRUDGFL"
=DVQHPDMtQLFQDSUiFL"
&RSDNVHSRQLFKVOHKOD]HP"
LenoãLSRMćWHYãLFKQLVHP
8FWLYiSRNORQDPLORVWL
6NODSQLDQHFKVLW\EOERVWL
5DGãLVHSRFKOXEFRYtãD]Qiã
.GHVHPiQDURGLW0HVLiã"
-VHPN VOXåEiPGUDKêFKOHERGiUFH
2GSRYČćQDOH]QHPHKODGFH
NG\åY NQLKiFKY\KOHGiPHPtVWD
NWHUiVHY]WDKXMt QD.ULVWD
DY\VYČWOtPHMDNMHWĜHED
0HVLiãSĜLMGH] 'RPXFKOHED
7DNKOHWR3iQ%ĤKY\ĜHãt
%HWOpPSUêQHQtQHMPHQãt
YpYRGDY\MGH] QČMSURFHORX]HP
SURVYĤMOLGEXGHSDVWêĜHP
ZGiVHPLåHWRWURFKX]QiP«
7HćYãLFKQLYHQ– 9\QH&KFLEêWV YiPLViP
+HURGHVSRVtOiSU\þ5iEtKRDGYRĜDQDSU\þ
&RUDþWHåiGDW9êVRVWL"
148
+HURGHV
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
+HURGHV
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
.DãSDU
+HURGHV
.DãSDU
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
.DãSDU
%DOWD]DU
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
.DãSDU
-RVHI
0DULH
-RVHI
0HOLFKDU
%DOWD]DU
&KFL]QiWW\YDãHWDMQRVWL
.G\VHYiPKYČ]GDXNi]DOD"
$E\ODYHONiQHERPDOi"
ěHNQČWHNG\MVWHMLYLGČOL"
1HE\ORWRVQDGY QHGČOL"
7RPRåQiDQRDOHNWHURX"
ĜtNiVLSRWLFKXSURVHEH
8åYLGtPMDNVHRWRSHURX
3DPČĢQiPQHVORXåtSĜL]QHMPHWR
0RåQiWRE\ORWRWROpWR
+iGDWVHQHEXGHPSĜiWHOp
ěHNODQiPâĢDVWQpDYHVHOp
$WRMHYODVWQČGREUi]SUiYD
FRUDGRVWQiPLNUiOLGiYi
âĢDVWHQDYHVHODĢMHNUiO
6YRXRGSRYČćMVHPQHGRVWDO
LNG\åE\FKWDk UiGVHSRNORQLONUiOL
GRNXGMHMHãWČVODEêDPDOê
+OHGHMWHDOHSDNVHYUDĢWH
ĜtFWPLNGHMH$WHćVH]WrDĢWH
VFpQD9%HWOpPČ
&RQDWRPNWHURXQHGČOL"
-HQNG\åMVPHãĢDVWQtDYHVHOt
$NG\åQiVYHGHKYČ]G\VYLW
DSURWRYtPHNDPWHćMtW
-DNêMVHPNG\VLKOXSiNEêYDO
7HćPiPYãDNPiPUDGRVWåHE\FK]StYDO
1H]QiWHQČMDNRXNROHGX"
-iDVLåiGQRXQHVYHGX
6WHMQČXåMHQRPNRXVHN]EêYi
3RþNHMWH3R]RU+YČ]GD]StYi
$WHćVHSUiYČ]DVWDYLOD
1RSiQLWRMHDOHVtOD
äHE\FKRPE\OLQDPtVWČ"
PURþWRĜtNiãWDNQHMLVWČ"
%ĤKSĜHFHGREĜHYtNDPMHGHP
1RGREĜHDOHWRKOHMHGĤPV FKOpYHP
&REXGHPGČODWY WDNRYpãStQČ"
1RQHEXGRXWR]ODWpVtQČ
3ĜHVWRWDPQČNGHEXGHNUiO
-DNY]iFQtKRVWp3RMćWHGiO
$YHQNXQHFKWHYãHFKHQRVW\FK
0DULHVO\ãtãPiPHKRVW\
-HåtãPiKRVW\PLOêPĤM
3RþNHMWHRGNOLGtPWHQKQĤM
7RQHQtWĜHEDSDQWiWR
9åG\ĢGREUêKQĤMMHQDG]ODWR
3ĜHVWRL]ODWRQHVHPNUiOL
DE\VHMHKRRþLVPiO\
%RKDWêPEXGH]ODWRKQtW,
MHQQDKQRMLVHPĤåHVNYtW
149
.DãSDU
0HOLFKDU
.0%
,NDGLGORMVPHY]DOLV VHERX
$MHVWOLYiVXåUXFH]HERX
]DSDOWHVLMHDWDYĤQČ
EXGHKĜiWLNG\åQČNGRVWĤQČ
$EDO]iP] P\UK\QHVHPWDNp
QDXWUSHQtYãHOLMDNp
WRNUiORYRQDGMLQpYČWãt
9ãDNMHKRNUHYWHQEDO]iPSĜHGþt
6OiYDEXćNUiOL-HYČþQČåLY
%Xć%RKXGtN\]DWHQGLY
9<1Èâ(1Ë0$ě(1<
Autor
6HVWDYHQR] WH[WĤ.DUla 3OLFN\D9iFODYa 6WXFKOpKR
3RVWDY\
'ČYþDWD
VYČWOpKDOHQ\QHERNRãLOHGORXKpVXNQČ
&KODSFL
EtOpNRãLOHWPDYpNDOKRW\
3RPĤFN\
0DĜHQD
ILJXUD0DĜHQ\MHY\WYDURYiQD]HVOiP\QDGĜHYČQpNRVWĜHYHWYDUXNĜtåHWČOR
V KODYRXDSDåHYODV\]HOQXQDKODYČ]iYRMDYČQHþHNV SHQWOHPLEtOpãDW\ na
NUNXPĤåHPtWNRUiOH] Y\IRXNQXWêFKYDMHF
0DĜDN
ILJXUD]HVOiP\Y ~VWHFKIDMINDQDKODYČF\OLQGUQHEREHUDQLFLQDVREČPiWPDYp
ãDW\SĜHVSUVDSiV]H]ODWpKRSDStUX)LJXUD0DĜDNDMHSRVD]HQDY NRãLNWHUêVH
YH]HQDPDOpPYR]tNX
.UDVQD
R]GREHQê VPUNRYêVWURPHþHNQDQČPMVRXVWXåN\Y\IRXNQXWiEDUHYQiYDMtþND
QDYUFKRONXPĤåHEêWSĜLYi]DQiPDOiSDQHQND
PDOp
6PUNRYpYČWYLþN\R]GREHQpVWXKDPL
kraVQ\
NRãtþHNV YČQHþN\NRãtþN\SUi]GQpQDNROHGX
151
VFpQD 2WYtUiQtMDUD
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
GČYþH
&KODSFL
&KODSFL
&KODSFL
6PUWQiQHGČOH
NGHVNOtþHGDOD"
'DODMVHPMHGDOD
.YČWQpQHGČOL
SĜHGiNOtþ GČYþHWL
.YČWQiQHGČOH
NGHVNOtþHGDOD"
'DODMVHPMHGDOD
.YČWQêPSRQGČONĤP
.YČWQêSRQGČONX
NGHVNOtþHSRGČO"
3RGČOMVHPMHSRGČO
]HOHQêPþWYUWNĤP
=HOHQêþWYUWNX
NGHVNOtþHSRGČO"
3RGČOMVHPMHSRGČO
VYDWpPX-LĜt
6YDWê-LĜtYVWDO
]HPLRGP\NDO
DE\URVWODWUiYD
WUiYD]HOHQi
D] QtY\NYHWODEtOiOHOXMD
YH]PHNOtþSĜLORåtMHMN ]HPLDV\PEROLFN\MLRGHP\NiNOtþSRWpSRORåtQD]HP
VFpQD9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\
QDVFpQXYEtKDMtFKODSFLYH]RXQDYR]tþNX0DĜDNDNWHUêMHSRVD]HQêY NRãL
D]StYDMtUR]SXVWLOH
9H]HP\FKODSHþND
6PUĢiNDQHVHP
V YHOLNêPQRVHP
GRYRG\KRGiPH
QDGQtP]D]StYiPH
0DĜDNX0DĜDNX[
152
'ČYþDWD
D
GČYþH
'ČYþDWD
D
FKODSHF
D
GČYþH
&KODSFL
'R]iEDY\FKODSFĤYFKi]HMt]HVWUDQ\GČYþDWD1HVRXQDW\þL0DĜHQXDUHFLWXMt
8GČODMtNROHPFKODSFĤSĤONUXK
6PUWFKRGtSRYVL
PiYHONêIRXV\
XåQHPĤåHFKRGLWL
PXVtPHMLQRVLWL
RGPČVWDN PČVWX
QHVHPQHYČVWX
MHVWOLQiPQLFQHGiWH
WDNYiPMLWXQHFKiPH
1ČVHP\0DĜLQX
Y ROHMLVPDåLQX
EDEXþHUQX]LPQX
SU\þV ĖX]DGČGLQX
1ČVHP\0DĜHQX
1ČVHP\ 0DĜRFKD
QČVHPGRSRWRND
GRþHUQpKROHVD
GR]LPQpKRSOHVD
&KODSFLY\WiKQRX0DĜDND] NRãHDFKWČMtDE\SROtELO0DĜHQXGČYþDWDMHRGKiQČMt
DQHGRYROtSROLEHN0DĜDND.OXFLQDGQLPLPiYQRXUXNRXDQHFKiYDMt0DĜHQX
být.
1HVHPH0DĜHQX
na YUFKXþHUYHQ~
QDVSRGNX]HOHQ~
SČNQ~SČNQ~
SČNQČSĜLVWRMHQ~
KHORKHOR
1DVPHUWHOQRXQHGČOL
EiEDVHGtY YČUWHOL
PX]LNDQWLKUDMWHMt
0X]LNDQWLSRYtGDOL
åHE\EiEČQH]DKUiOL
153
D
FKODSHF
'ČYþDWD
1HVHPEDEXY NRãL
VPUWQiVRQLSURVt
8å0RĜHQDOHåt
D]XEDPDãNHĜt
ÏKHORKHORKHORKHOR
0DĜHQR]OiåHQR
'ČWLXGČODMtãSDOtUQDMHGQpVWUDQČVWRMtFKODSFLQDGUXKpGČYþDWDDRSDNXMt[
6PUW0DĜHQČDQDPQL
9ãLFKQL
&KODSFL
9\EUDQtFKODSFLDGČYþDWDSURFKi]HMtV 0DĜHQRXD0DĜDNHPãSDOtUHP0DĜHQa
D0DĜDNVHPRKRXVSiOLWQHERXWRSLWSĜtSDGQČKRĜtFtVHPRKRXKRGLWGRĜHN\
0DĜHQD– VWDĜHQD
QDROHMLVPDåHQi
QDPiVOHRSUDåHQi
]DNRKRW\VXPĜHOD"
=DVWDUêKRãHGLYêKR
]DPODGêKRVYRERGQêKR–
YãHPVHPRþDURYDOD
YãHFN\NRVRXSRåDOD
a pak VDPDXPĜHOD
VFpQD2VODYDNUiORYQLþN\
6PUWQiQHGČOD
NGHVHSRGČOD"
2QDVHQiPXWRSLOD
DE\GČWLQHGiYLOD
'ČWLXVWRXStD] ERNXSĜLFKi]HMtGtYN\NWHUpQHVRXPDMtþHNOtWR9HSĜHGXMGH
v EtOpPNUiORYQLþNDNWHUiPDMtþNHPYUWt]HVWUDQ\Qa stranu. =DNUiORYQLþNRXMGRX
GDOãtGYČGČYþDWDNWHUiPDMtY UXNRXR]GREHQpVPUNRYpYČWYLþN\PHQãtNUDVQ\
GDOãtGČYþHPiNRãtþHNV YČQHþN\DGYČGČYþDWDPDMtSUi]GQpNRãtþN\QDNROHGX
154
'ČYþDWD
9ãLFKQL
ýHUQiQHGČOD
FRVQiPGRQHVOD"
1ČFRQRYpKR
kYtWtPRGUpKR
0iMtþNX]HOHQê
SČNQČXVWURMHQê
VYDWê-LĜtMHGH
SROHRGP\NDWL
DE\WUiYDURVWOD
YãHOLMDNpNYtWt
0iMtþNX]HOHQê
SČNQČXVWURMHQê
GČYþDWDUR]GiYDMtRVWDWQtPGtYNiPYČQHþN\ MeziWtPSĜLFKi]HMtåHQ\NWHUp
QDVORXFKDMt]SČYXGČWt3ĜLNROHGiFKGDMtSDNGRNRãtþNXYDMtþND
155
9ãLFKQL
GČYþH
GČYþH
9ãLFKQL
9\ãODKYČ]GDGR5XåGLND
GDMWČYDMHFGRNRãtND
1HGDYDMWČQiPMHGQHKR
ERVH]ELMHPNROHPQČKR
'DMWČY\QiPGYČWĜLãW\U\
DåVHV QLPDSRGČOLP\
9\ãODKYČ]GDGR+OLQLND
ERWHQNRãLNMHEH]HGQD
DåMHSOQ\GRSROHGĖD
'ČYþDWDNROHGXMtXåHQGRVWiYDMtRGQLFKYDMtþNDNWHUiXNOiGDMtGRNRãtþNĤ
156
157
279Ë5È1Ë678'È1(.
Autor
VHVWDYHQR] WH[WX0LORVODYa %XUHãe
3RVWDY\
.UiORYQLþND
%tOpãDW\YČQHþHNQDKODYČ
'UXåLþN\
%tOpKDOHQN\GORXKpVXNQČ
&KODSFL
EtOpNRãLOHQHERKDOHQN\WPDYpNDOKRW\QHMOpSHOQČQp
6DVDQND
EtOiKDOHQNDEtOiVXNêQNDDSĜHVQtYROQČYLVtFt]HOHQpOtVWN\
9\SUDYČþ
FLYLOQtREOHþHQt
3RPĤFN\
NRãtNVe
VXFKêP
OLVWtP
GåEiQHN
V YRGRX
EtOêãiWHN
KUiEČ
PRW\N\
UêþH
RNYČWQt
OtVWN\
YRãDWFH
158
VFpQD
9ãLFKQL
9åG\ĢNDåGiVWXGiQNDY OHVH
QDKODGLQČQHEHQHVH
.G\E\MtQHE\ORR]HPE\VHUR]ELOR
NG\E\MtQHE\ORR]HPE\VHUR]ELOR
NG\E\MtQHE\ORR]HPE\VHUR]ELOR
9\SUDYČþ
5HI
6WXGiQNRKOXEiĖNRVWXGiQNR5XEtQNR«
,VWXGiQN\FKWČMtEêWþLVWp
WDNMDNRGČWLY\MVWH
1HMHGQiVWXGiQNDPDOi
VHRSUDPtQHNEiOD
DE\QH]DSDGOGRNDOX
GREDKQDDGRNDPHQt
MDNRþORYČNGRVRXåHQt
DQLWURFKXYOiK\E\Y QtQH]E\OR
QDKODGLQČQHEHQHVH
NG\E\MtQHE\OR
R]HPE\VHUR]ELOR
3RVOHGQtGHQY PiML
VWXGiQN\WXVYiWHNPDMt
159
7DNGORXKRSUãHOR
LSĜHVQRFL«
GČYþH
FKODSHF
GČYþH
9ãLFKQL
9\KOXEiĖN\]DUPRXFHQp
]DNDOHQpDåGRSUDPHQH
PRKRXYiPMHQGČWVNpUXFHSRPRFL
7DNMHWRXQiVY KRUiFKYãXGH
WDQHMPLOHMãtNUiORYQLþNRXEXGH
DRYČQþtGåEiQNYČW\
NWHUpQHGXKOpþt
=DNUiORYQRXY SUĤYRGX
MHYåG\FN\RGHGiYQDPtVWR
pro GUXåLþN\
=DQLPLSDNSRVNDNXMt
FKODSFLSURVWRĜHFt
9ãLFKQLQHVRXPRW\N\DKiN\
LORSDW\Y]DOLKUiEČWDN\
GČYþDWDSDNSOQRXQiUXþNYtWt
9\ãĖRĜHQRXNUiORYQX
VLYHGRXXSURVWĜHG
VYČåtMDNMDUR
EXGHMtþWUQiFWOHW
Z OHVDYtWUY\EČKO
DMGH MLSROtELWL
&KWČOVHGiWV QLPLGRWDQFH«
7HćQHYČWĜH
YHćQiVN VWXGiQFH
NWHUiMHQHMYtF]DUPRXFHQi
'UXåLþN\YHGRXNUiORYQLþNX]DQLPLMGRXFKODSFLV KUiEČPLPRW\NDPLDUêþL
.UiORYQLþNDVLSRNOHNQHQDãiWHNNWHUêQDWUiYXUR]SURVWĜRXGUXåLþN\QD
ãiWHNSRORåtNRãtNV OLVWtP'ČWLVLVWRXSQRXGRSĤONUXKX]DNUiORYQLþNX
.UiORYQLþND .UiORYQLþND] NRãtNXYH]PHOLVWtDKRGtMHMSRVWXSQČGRþW\ĜVWUDQ
'ČYþDWD
.UiONRPLOiNUiONR
VWXGiQNR5XEtQNR
SURþWHEH]NDOLOL
SURþ åHWČUPRXWLOL"
.UiWNpGQ\DGORXKpQRFL
E\ODMVLVDPDEH]SRPRFL
.UiONRPLOiNUiONR
VWXGiQNR5XEtQNR
XåMVLY QDãtPRFL
.UiORYQLþND .UiORYQLþNDSRYVWDQHD] NRãtNXSĜLUHFLWDFLSRKD]XMHOLVWt3RUHFLWDFLRSČW
poklekne.
-VHP5XEtQNDRSXãWČQi
YRGDPRMH]DNDOHQi
]OêPRFLþDURYQê
QHGEDO\QDPĤMKODVYDURYQê
9ãLFKQL
&KODSFL
&KWČODE\FKEêW
SOQiþLVWêSČQ\
EH]EDKQDDEH]NDPHQt
3DNE\FKåt]HĖXKDVLOD
9 OLGHFKE\SDNE\OD
MHQRP]GUDYiVtOD
9WêPiMRYêGREČ
SĜLFKi]tPHN WREČ
=OêPRFLY\åHQHP
QHPRFL]DåHQHP
VtOXWLQDOHMHP
6KUiEČPLSURFKi]HMtNROHPNUiORYQLþN\DUHFLWXMLMDNRE\þDURYDOL
1HVHPHKiN\KUDELFH
QD]OêþDURGČMQLFH
QDEOiWRDQDNDPHQt
/LGHPEXć]DVN SRWČãHQt«
161
9\SUDYČþ
3RPiKHMMLP]DKQDWåt]HĖ
RGYHćYãHFKQXQHPRFWUê]HĖ
.G\åVWXGiQNXDVWUXåNXY\þLVWLOL
Y\WU\VNOR] KOXELQ
WROLNXWDMHQpVtO\
åHVHYRG\] EĜHKĤY\OLO\
DV NYČW\REMDO\
3DNSĜLãODMHGQD]HVDVDQHN
]DUXNXMLYHGOOHVQtYiQHN
8SUDPHQHVH]DVWDYLOD
]DYãHFKQ\NYČWLQ\SUDYLOD
6DVDQND
6WXGiQNRKOXEiĖNR
NGHVWDNGORXKRE\OD"
,PČ]LPDVRXåLOD
SĜLãODMVHP
DE\FKVH] WHEHQDSLOD
DE\VPLNRĜtQN\RP\OD
DE\FKSURSRWČãHQtE\OD
.UiORYQLþND 9tWiPWČVDVDQNRQDEĜHKX
9tPSĜLãODMVLMHãWČSRVQČKX
8åMVRXSU\þ]OêGRE\
OLGpVL]HPQHQDEHURXGRQiGRE\
-VHPþLVWiMDN]UQtVWĜtEUQê
E\OLE\EH]HPQH
MDNQHEHEH]OXQ\
.UiORYQLþNDYH]PHGåEiQDOLMH] QČMYRGXGRþW\ĜVWUDQ3RWRPYH]PHKUVWOLVWt
DY\KRGtMHMY\VRNRQDGKODYX
'UXåLþN\
DGČYþH
'UXåLþN\
=OêPRFL]DKiQtP
QHPRFLY\KiQtP
7\YČWĜHRGQHVMHV PUDN\
FR]KRXEXQRVt
=DOLGL]YtĜDWDLORXN\SURVtP
]DKRU\L]DGROLQ\
]DSWiN\ Y SRYČWĜt
9ãHFKQ\GREUpXãHWĜL
WČPFR]HVUGFHOLWXMt
RGSXVĢMHMLFKYLQ\
+i]tQDEtOêãiWHNRNYČWQtOtVWN\FK\WQRXVH]DUXFHDX]DYĜRXNUXK
6WXGiQNRKOXEiĖNR
VWXGiQNR 5XEtQNR
EXćYåG\FN\þLVWi
DSUR]GUDYtMLVWi
'HMKRGQČãĢiY\MLWURFHOL
SRPR]WDNpSROL
DĢGiKRGQČåLWD
LGREUêKR]HOt
2GOHVDY\MGLYHQ
DE\PČOKRGQČYOiK\OHQ
DKRVSRG\QČGREUêYRG\XNDPHQ
162
9ãLFKQL
]StYDMt
9\SUDYČþ
7DNMHWRXQiVNDåGêURNY PiML
'ČWLVWXGiQNiP
SUDPHQ\MDNVUGFH]HPLRWYtUDMt
DE\LQDKRUiFK
E\ODKRMQRVW~URG\
3URWRVWXGiQN\
PXVtEêWLY PiMLþLVWp
WDNMDNRGČWLY\MVWH
1HMHGQDVWXGiQNDPDOi
VHRSUDPtQHNEiOD
DE\QH]DSDGOGRNDOX
GREDKQDDGRNDPHQt
163
WDNMDNRþORYČNGRVRXåHQt
DQLWURFKXYOiK\E\Y QtQH]E\OR
QDKODGLQČQHEHQHVH
NG\E\MtQHE\OR
R]HPE\VHUR]ELOR
9ãLFKQL
164
165
166
+5$269$7e00$57,129,
Autor
'DYLGâURP
3RVWDY\
9\SUDYČþ
äHEUiN
1DREOHþHQtQHMVRXåiGQpQiURN\
2EOHþHQtĜtPVNpKRYRMiNDãWtWKHOPDSDQFtĜPHþþHUYHQêSOiãĢD
NRQtN
6WDUêUR]WUKDQêãDW
-Håtã.ULVWXV
%tOiVXNQLFH þHUYHQêSOiãĢ
3RPĤFN\
ýHUYHQêSOiãĢ
VY 0DUWLQD
-HWYRĜHQêGYČPDGtO\NWHUpMVRXVSRMHQpVXFKêP]LSHP3ĜLWUKQXWt
RGGČOt0DUWLQMHGHQGtOGUXKêPiXYi]DQêNolem krku
6Y0DUWLQ
.ĤĖ
0ĤåHPtWSRGREXMHGQRGXFKpGČWVNpKUDþN\– KODYDNRQČQDGĜHYČQp
W\þLQHERWDNpW]YNOLEQ\NWHURXSRSLVXMHýHQČN=tEUWMDNR
QDSRGREHQLQXNRĖVNpKODY\VNUNHPREp]GRPiFtKRSOiWQDDSČNQČ
VOiPRXY\FSiQR
167
VFpQD
9ãLFKQL
9\SUDYČþ
äHEUiN
9\SUDYČþ
0DUWLQ
9\SUDYČþ
1LNGRPLWČQH]KDVQH«
1HGiPVLWČSRGSRNORS«
1LNGRPLWČ QHYH]PH«
$NG\åEXGHYHONiWPD«
0RMHPDOpVYČWpONR«
ýtSDNWRSRGNRY\GRQRFt]YRQt"
7R0DUWLQSĜLMtåGtQDEtOpPNRQL
-HVWOLQHYtWHþtP0DUWLQMH
MHĜtPVNêPYRMiNHPåLYtKROHJLH
-HGHQDNRQWUROXYRMiNĤQDKOtGFH
YtFHVHGRYtWHY WpQDãtSRYtGFH
=DSDVHPPHþDQDKODYČSĜLOELFH
Y UXFHPiãWtWMDNRGKUQFHSRNOLFH
8NUNXSĜLSQXWPiþHUYHQêSOiãĢ
RWRPYiPSRYtP]DFKYLONX]YOiãĢ
8EUiQ\] PČVWDPtMtåHEUiND
7HQNG\åVSDWĜtĜtPVNpKRYRMiND
VSXVWtQD0DUWLQDStVQLþNXGRMHPQRX
6PLOXMVHSDQHQDGHPQRX
'DUXMPLPDOLþNêNRXVtþHNFKOHED
DE\FKMiSĜHåLOWRKRPLWĜHED
GDUXMPLWĜHED LSOHVQLYRXNĤUNX
KODGHPE\FKVQČGOLRGQLWtãSXONX
0DUWLQSĜHGåHEUiNHPNDSV\ VYp SĜHYUDFt
$VLWHćþHNiWHQČMDNRXVHQ]DFL
0ĤMEUDFKXYåG\ĢQHPiP]KRODQLF
YLGČOMVLPêFKNDSHVUXELOtF
1HPiPQLFþtPE\FKWČREGDĜLO
þtPE\FKWYĤMREOLþHMUR]]iĜLO
,YiþHNV PLQFHPLGRPDMVHPQHFKDO
NG\åMVHPQDEČORXãLGRVOXåE\VSČFKDO
9ãDNMHGQRXUþLWČPRKXWLGiW
=DFKODGQpQRFLEXGHWČKĜiW
0DUWLQSDNEH]YHONêFKVNUXSXOt
VYĤMSOiãĢPHþHPKQHGUR]SĤOt
168
0DUWLQ
äHEUiN
9\SUDYČþ
-Håtã
9\SUDYČþ
9ãLFKQL
9H]PLVLSOiãĢD]DYLĖVHY QČM
8YLGtãåHY QRFLEXGHWLKHM
9WRPSOiãWLSĜLSDGiPVLMDNRNUiO
'ČNXML]DYãHFKQRFRMVLPLGDO
(sv. Martin RGMtåGtQDNRQLåHEUiNRGFKi]tSRRGFKRGXåHEUiND
SĜLFKi]t0DUWLQQ\QtEH]NRQČ
VFpQD
ýtSDNWRSRGNRY\GRQRFL]YRQt"
3ĜHGVSDQtPQDSLOVH]HGåEiQNX
KODYXVYRXXORåLONHVSiQNX
9HVQXSDNVSDWĜLO-HåtãH.ULVWD
0DUWLQHV\QXPĤMYČFMHWRMLVWi
P\GYDXåMVPHVSROXGQHVPOXYLOL
9]SRPtQiã"'DOVPLVYRXNRãLOL
1HGDOVPLSOiãĢW\GDOMVLPLYtFH
Y PQRKêFKVUGFtFKMVL]DåHKQXOVYtFH
]DKQDOMVLWPXD]DKQDOMVL]PDU
'DURYDOVOiVNXWHQQHMYČWãtGDU
.G\åYORþNDV YORþNRXVHQDQHELKRQt
WR0DUWLQN QiPFYiOiQDEtOpPNRQL
9]SRPtQNRXQDQČMMVRXSHþHQpSRGNRY\
SOQČQpRĜHFK\WYDURKHPPDNRYê
ýtSDNWRSRGNRY\GRQRFL]YRQt"
169
3RXåLWDOLWHUDWXUD
%DUWRã)r1DãHGČWL.UDMVNiNQLKRYQD)UDQWLãND%DUWRãHYH=OtQČVYD]HN
%DUWRã)U/LGDQiURGVY9HONp0H]LĜtþtQDNODGDWHO-)âDãHN
%DUWRã)U/LGDQiURGVY9HONp0H]LĜtþtQDNODGDWHO-)âDãHN
%DUWRã)r0RUDYVNêOLG=OtQVNêNUDMVYD]HN
%HLQKDXHU -9]SRPtQN\QDGČWVWYtDåLYRWY-DNXEþRYLFtFK0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFt
%LEOH3tVPRVYDWp(NXPHQLFNêSĜHODG(NXPHQLFNiUDGDFtUNYtY ý65
%RåtFHVWD3tVQČDPRGOLWE\NDWROLFNpKRNĜHVĢDQD2ORPRXF
ýDSHN.+RYRU\V7 * 0DVDU\NHP5RNQDYVLýHVNRVORYHQVNêVSLVRYDWHOY3UD]H
(YDQJHOLFNê]SČYQtN9\GDODV\QRGQtUDGDþHVNREUDWUVNpFtUNYHHYDQJHOLFNp0 6FKDXHQEXUJ
LaKU%DGHQ
)UROHF99êURþQtRE\þHMH6RXþDVQêVWDYDSURPČQ\%UQR%ORN
+RĜNi/1iURGRSLVQpSDEČUN\]+OXþtQVNDSXEOLNDFHþ=iPHFNpKRPX]HDY .UDYDĜtFK
.DGČUD%6OH]VNpNROHG\6GUXåHQt2SXV6LOHVLHQVLV
.UiORYi-/LGRYêNURMDYêãLYNDQD2SDYVNX)RONORUQtVGUXåHQtýHVNpUHSXEOLN\QD2SDYVNX
1994
/DQJKDPPHURYi-/LGRYp]Y\N\1DNODGDWHOVWYt/LGRYpQRYLQ\
1ČPFRYi%%DELþND1DNODGDWHOVWYt6YRERGD3UDKD
1RYRWQê$%LEOLFNêVORYQtN(GLFH.DOLFK3UDKD
3OLFND.9ROI)UýHVNêURN3RG]LP2GHRQ3UDKD
3OLFND .9ROI)UýHVNêURN-DUR
3URNHãRYi0/LGRYpWUDGLFH(GLFH2VWUDYLFHVY 2VWUDYD
5DLV.9'RPD1RYp0ČVWRQDG0HWXMt
5HMFKUW06WUDFK\VHPČQt.DOLFK%UQR
6DOLFKRYi+=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMH2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFH
6RQQHN/-DNVHåLORY +UDGFLQDG0RUDYLFtQDSRþiWNXVWROHWt0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG
0RUDYLFt
6RQQHN/-DNXEþRYLFH'ČMLQ\9\GDO0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFt2SW\V2SDYD
6NRSRYi.+RG\SĤVW\PDVRSXVW\Y\GDO)LOLS7RPiã– AkroSROLV3UDKD
6NRSRYi.5RNQDYVL)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLV
6WXFKOê92PDMLþNX]HOHQê2NUHVQtNXOWXUQtVWĜHGLVNRY 2SDYČ
âRWQHURYi'/LGRYpWUDGLFH5XELFR2ORPRXF
âRWQHURYi'/pWRDSRG]LP5XELFR2ORPRXF
7RXIDU39iQRFHQD0RUDYČ$NFHQW3UDKD
âWLND-6WRODĜtN,7ČãtQVNRGtO7LOLDY âHQRYČX2VWUDY\
9LQGXãND-.XNDO3+RYRU\DKUiWN\VH]Y\N\DVYiWN\3RUWiO3UDKD
9RQGUXãND9&tUNHYQtURNDOLGRYpRE\þHMH'RQDVUR
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNRY3UD]H7LVNHPGUXåVWYD9ODVĢ
=tEUWý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR9\ãHKUDG3UDKD
=tEUWý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP
)UâLPiþHN
'DOãt]GURMH
)RWRDOEXP+UDEVWYt– 1956
.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDURNX
.URQLND5DGXĖ2NUHV2SDYD,U 1951
.URQLNDREFH8KOtĜRY] roku 1389 – NURQLNiĜ9RMWČFK9DYUHþND
.URQLNDREFH9ČWĜNRYLFH– NURQLNiĜ-RVHI.UHVWD
3DPČWQt NQLKD REFH +iMH U 9DOHþHN 9 5RG D URGLQD )UDQWLãND 9DOHþND ] 0LNRODMLF
1851 – VWURMRSLV
9êSLV\] krRQLN+UDGFHQDG0RUDYLFt] let 1979 - 171
9\VYČWOLYN\
1
%DUWRã)1DãHGČWL.UDMVNiNQLKRYQD)UDQWLãND%DUWRãHYH=OtQČVYD]HNVWU
/DQJKDPPHURYi-/LGRYp]Y\N\1DNODGDWHOVWYt/LGRYpQRYLQ\VWU
3
âWLND-6WRODĜtN,7ČãtQVNRGtO0X]HXP7ČãtQVND1DNODGDWHOVWYt7LOLDVWU 74
4
+RĜNi/1iURGRSLVQpSDEČUN\]+OXþtQVNDSXEOLNDFHþ=iPHFNpKRPX]HDY.UDYDĜtFKVWU
5
6
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNRY3UD]H7LVNHPGUXåVWYD9ODVĢVWU
7
6DOLFKRYi+=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMHY\GDO2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU
8
9
%HLQKDXHU-9]SRPtQN\QDGČWVWYtDåLYRWY -DNXEþRYLFtFK0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFtVWU-44
11
12
13
14
15
âWLND-6WRODĜtN,7ČãtQVNRGtO0X]HXP7ČãtQVND1DNODGDWHOVWYt7LOLDVWU
16
KWWSFVZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL%RX&ND
17
6HWRQ(7'YDGLYRãL&RPSXWHU3UHVVVWU
18
19
21
22
6NRSRYi.+RG\SĤVW\PDVRSXVW\)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLVVWU
23
%HLQKDXHU-9]SRPtQN\QDGČWVWYtDåLYRWY -DNXEþRYLFtFK0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFtVWU
24
0DGHU)U+LOO/.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDURNXVWU
25
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNRVWU
26
3URNHãRYi0/LGRYpWUDGLFH(GLFH2VWUDYLFHVY 2VWUDYDVWU
27
.URQLND5DGXĖRNUHV2SDYD,UXþLWHOQiURGQtãNRO\6WDQLVODY6WXFKOtNVWU
28
29
=tEUWý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR9\ãHKUDG3UDKDVWU
)RWRJUDILHSĜHY]DWi] þDVRSLVX5DGRVWQi]HPČY\GDO6OH]VNêVWXGLMQt~VWDYY 2SDYČ9O-2
31
)RWRJUDILLSDQD/DGLVODYD6RQQNDODVNDYČSRVN\WOKUDGHFNêNURQLNiĜ0JU0DUWLQ6RVQD
32
=HY]SRPtQHN&HFtOLH3DQDþNRYpQDUY .DMORYFL]D]QDPHQiQRY 5DGRVWQp]HPL6OH]VNêVWXGLMQt~VWDY
Y 2SDYČ9O-2
33
=HY]SRPtQHN&HFtOLH3DQDþNRYpQDUY.DMORYFL]D]QDPHQiQRY5DGRVWQp]HPL6OH]VNêVWXGLMQt~VWDY
Y2SDYČ9O-2
34
.XUNRYi95DGRVWQi ]HPČ, þO9\QiãHQt0DĜHQ\QD.DMORYFLX 2SDY\6lH]VNêVWXGLMQt~VWDYY2SDYČ9O-2
35
36
3RGOHSDPČWtSDQt6HGOiþNRYpDSDQtýHUQp]HäLPURYLF
37
3RGOHY\SUiYČQtSDQt6HGOiþNRYpDSDQtýHUQp]HäLPURYLF
38
6WXFKOê92PDMLþNX]HOHQê2NUHVQtNXOWXUQtVWĜHGLVNRY 2SDYČVWU
39
3OLFND.9ROI)UýHVNêURN-DUR
41
%DUWRã)U1DãHGČWL
42
6NRSRYi.+RG\ 3ĤVW\0DVRSXVW\)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLVVWU
43
44
45
46
6NRSRYi.+RG\3ĤVW\0DVRSXVW\)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLVVWU
47
3URNHãRYi0/LGRYpWUDGLFH(GLFH2VWUDYLFHVY 2VWUDYD
48
49
6DOLFKRYi +=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMHY\GDO2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU 89
51
52
3URNHãRYi0/LGRYpWUDGLFH(GLFH2VWUDYLFHVY2VWUDYDVWU
53
54
55
56
6DOLFKRYi +=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMH Y\GDO2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU
2
172
57
3ĜHY]DWR]KWWSZZZDSHWLWRQOLQHF]UHFHSW\-MLGDVHKWPO
(QJOLã.5HJLRQUþVWU] 59
6DOLFKRYi+=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLND VOH]VNpKRNUDMHY\GDO2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU
61
(QJOLã.5HJLRQUþVWU] 62
63
6DOLFKRYi +=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMHY\GDO2EHFQt ~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU- 93
64
65
66
%HLQKDXHU-9]SRPtQN\QDGČWVWYtDåLYRW Y -DNXEþRYLFtFK0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFtVWU
67
2EČEiVQČSRFKi]HMt]HVERUQtNX6WXFKOê92PDMLþNX]HOHQê2NUHVQtNXOWXUQtVWĜHGLVNRY 2SDYČVWU
68
1RYRWQê$%LEOLFNêVORYQtN(GLFH.DOLFK3UDKDVWU
69
+RĜNi/1iURGRSLVQpSDEČUN\] +OXþtQVNDSXEOLNDFHþ=iPHFNpKRPX]HDY .UDYDĜtFKVWU
71
.URQLNDREFH8KOtĜRY] roku 1389 – VWU- 271
72
3DPČWQtNQLKDREFHäLPURYLFH] roku 1945 – VWU 41
73
-DQ9\KOtGDOýHFKRYpY3UXVNpP6OH]VNX9.URPČĜtåLVWU
74
)RWRJUDILH]HVODYQRVWL+RQČQtNUiOHODVNDYČSRVN\WOÒĜDGPČVWVNpKRREYRGX2VWUDYD– /KRWND+DQ]HOND3DYHO
75
6ODYQRVW+RQČQtNUiOHMH]SUDFRYiQDSRGOHWH[WXQDZHERYêFKVWUiQNiFK
KWWSDPRRVWUDYDF]MDKLD-DKLDVLWHOKRWNDFDFKH
76
6URYQHM9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNRVWU
77
%XUHã02WYtUiQtVWXGiQHN$UJR3UDKD
78
1RYRWQê$%LEOLFNêVORYQtN(GLFH.DOLFK3UDKDVWU
79
81
3DPČWQtNQLKDREFH+iMHUVHSVDOĜtGtFtXþLWHO-DQ.UiOVWU
82
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNR9 3UD]HVWU-52
83
âWLND-6WRODĜtN,7ČãtQVNRGtO0X]HXP7ČãtQVND1DNODGDWHOVWYt7LOLDVWU 84
85
=SUDFRYiQRSRGOHKWWSDGRF]SRXWQLDQGHOVNDBKRUDDQGHOVNDBKRUDKWP
86
3OLFND.9ROI)UýHVNêURN/pWR.OXEþWHQiĜĤVY3UDKDVWU
87
9DOHþHN95RGDURGLQD)UDQWLãND9DOHþND] 0LNRODMLF– VWU– VWURMRSLV
88
.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDUNURQLNiĜ)UDQWLãHN0DGHU/HRSROG+LOO
89
3DPČWQtNQLKDREFH'RPRUDGRYLFHRGU– %RKXPLO.ĜtåVWU
6DOLFKRYi +=HVWDUêFKþDVĤ.URQLNDVOH]VNpKRNUDMHY\GDO2EHFQt~ĜDG.\MRYLFHVWU
91
KWWSFVZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL3RVY&$'FHQ&$'
92
3URNHãRYi0/LGRYpWUDGLFH(GLFH2VWUDYLFHVY2VWUDYDVWU-27
93
9ãHFKQ\EiVQČ9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNR9 3UD]HVWU-55
94
.UiORYi-/LGRYêNURMDYêãLYNDQD2SDYVNX)RONORUQtVGUXåHQtýHVNpUHSXEOLN\VWU
95
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNR9 3UD]HVWU
96
9iFKD 020RGOLWEDDUJHQWLQVNêFKQRFt1DNODGDWHOVWYt&HVWD%UQR
97
%HLQKDXHU-9]SRPtQN\QDGČWVWYtDåLYRWY -DNXEþRYLFtFK0ČVWVNê~ĜDG+UDGHFQDG0RUDYLFt
98
99
9RQGUXãND9&tUNHYQtURNDOLGRYpRE\þHMH'RQDVURVWU
=tEUW ý9HVHOpFKYtOHY åLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP)UâLPiþHN
VWU
=tEUW ý9HVHOpFKYtOHY åLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP)UâLPiþHN
VWU
3OLFND.9ROI)UýHVNêURN3RG]LP2GHRQ3UDKDVWU
3OLFND.9ROI)UýHVNêURN3RG]LP2GHRQ3UDKDVWU382
=tEUWý9HVHOpFKYtOHY åLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP)UâLPiþHN
VWU 8
KWWSZZZFUHDF]Z]V-GHGLQDSHGDJRJLNDSRG]LPQL-VODYQRVWL-PDUWLQVND-VODYQRVW
.URQLNDREFH9ČWĜNRYLFH– NURQLNiĜ-RVHI.UHVWa
111
112
5HMFKUW06WUDFK\VHPČQt.DOLFK3UDKD
58
173
113
.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDURNXNURQLNiĜ)U0DGHU/ +LOO
115
1ČPFRYi%3RKRUVNiYHVQLFH- SRYtGND]HåLYRWDOLGXYHQNRYVNpKR3UDKD61'.VWU 5
116
117
ýDSHN.+RYRU\V 7 * 0DVDU\NHP5RNQDYVLýHVNRVORYHQVNêVSLVRYDWHOY 3UD]HVWU
118
5DLV.9'RPD1RYp0ČVWRQDG0HWXMtVWU 18
119
1ČPFRYi%%DELþND1DNODGDWHOVWYt6YRERGD3UDKD
=tEUWý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR9\ãHKUDG3UDKDVWU42
121
.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDURNXNURQLNiĜ)U 0DGHU/ +LOO
122
%DUWRã)U/LGDQiURGVY 9HONp0H]LĜtþtQDNODGDWHO- ) âDãHNVWU
123
124
KWWSZZZYPSF]FVQDYVWHYQLFL-SURKOLGND-PX]HDSURKOLGND-PX]HDPO\QVND-GROLQDREMHNW\-PO\QVNHGROLQ\OLVRYQD-ROHMH-ROHMQD-]-EUXPRYDKWPO
125
.URQLNDREFH8KOtĜRY] roku 1389 – VWU
126
127
128
129
131
132
6URYQHMV ZHERYêPLVWUiQNDPLKWWSWLVNFLUNHYF]]-GRPRYD-VYDWD-OXFLH
133
%DUWRã)U/LGDQiURG6YD]HNGUXKê9HONp0H]LĜtþt1DNO- ) âDãHNVWU 151
134
%DUWRã)U0RUDYVNêOLG, Y 7HOþLQiNODGHP(PLODâROFHVWU
135
%DUWRã)U/LGDQiURG6YD]HNGUXKê9HONp0H]LĜtþt1DNO- ) âDãHNVWU 151
136
137
=tEUW ý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP)UâLPiþHN
VWU
138
5DLV.9=HVUGFHN VUGFtP3UDKD$ORLV+\QHN
139
141
142
143
144
.URQLNDREFH9ČWĜNRYLFH– 1945, NURQLNiĜ-RVHI.UHVWD
145
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNRY3UD]H7LVNHPGUXåVWYD9ODVĢVWU-15
146
147
148
149
.DGČUD%6OH]VNpNROHG\9\GDOR6GUXåHQt2SXV6LOHVLHQVLVVWU
151
.URQLNDREFH2WLFNp]DORåHQDURNXNURQLNiĜ)U0DGHU/HRSROG+LOOVWU
152
153
154
155
156
157
.URQLNDREFH9ČWĜNRYLFe, 1298 – NURQLNiĜ-RVHI.UHVWD
158
159
9\KOtGDO-1DãH6OH]VNR Y3UD]H7LVNHPGUXåVWYD9ODVĢVWU
161
=tEUW ý9HVHOpFKYtOHYåLYRWČOLGXþHVNpKR– VY 9,'HQVHNUiWtQRFVHGORXåt«1iNODGHP)UâLPiþHN
VWU
162
6NRSRYi.+RG\3ĤVW\0DVSRSXVW\)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLVVWU
163
164
6NRSRYi.5RNQDYVL)LOLS7RPiã– $NURSROLVVWU
165
166
167
168
169
%DUWRã)0RUDYVNêOLG=OtQVNêNUDMVYD]HNVWU
114
174
.HNRĜHQĤP
=Y\N\DWUDGLFHQHMHQ]2SDYVNpKR6OH]VND
5HJLRQiOQtXþHEQLFH
$XWRUNDWH[WĤRVYDWêFK$OHQDâURPRYi
$XWRUWH[WĤ=Y\N\DWUDGLFHQHMHQ] 2SDYVNpKR6OH]VND'DYLGâURP
,OXVWUDFH
%RĜLYRM)UêEDVWU
'DYLGâURPVWU
*UDILN\VYDWêFK6DPXHOâURPVWU )RWR
.DPLO9DOXãHNVWU
'DYLGâURPVWU
-DQD9tFKRYiVWU
3DYHO+DQ]HONDVWU
2VWDWQtQHXYHGHQpIRWRJUDILHIRWRDUFKLY'DYLGâURP
-D]\NRYi~SUDYa: .DWHĜLQD.UDPQi
9\GDOD=iNODGQtãNRODD0DWHĜVNiãNRODäLPURYLFH
7LVN2SW\V2SDYDDV
175
176

Ke kořenům - Základní škola a Mateřská škola Žimrovice

Transkript

Podobné dokumenty

14` Ročník MK CR E 11809

PO(PUD) - Ateliéru tělového designu

9\FKi]t GQH ÿtVOR